DOCSLIB.ORG

Petrographics of Marls-Chalks-Shells

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Petrographics of Marls-Chalks-Shells PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MARLS, CHALKS, SHELLS, AND THEIR CALCINES RELATED TO DESULFURIZATION OF FLUE GASES CONTENTS Page Ab stract l Introduction 3 Definitions of sample tYIJeS and other terms 3 General sample processing and methods of analyses 5 Gr ain size by image analysis . 5 Particle-size analysis by sedimentation 6 Methods of mineral and chemical analyses 6 Experimental methods of calcination and determination of pore structur e and surface area . .7 Pore structure by mercury porosimetry . 7 Apparatus for calcination and surface ar ea measurements 9 Surface area measurements lO Calcination conditions ll Experimental procedure ll Obs ervations on calcination of samples l2 Marl Investigations l4 Uses and production of marl l4 Sources and samples of marl l4 Illinois marl deposits and samples l7 Characterization of marl samples l8 Grain size and particle size 2l Mineral and chemical analyses 27 Moisture-density relations of marls 30 Results and discuss ion of pore structure and surface ar eas of marls and their calcines 3l Pore structur es and surface areas of marls 3l Pore structure and surface area of calcined marl 3l l6xl8-mesh particles 31 l70x200-mesh particles 40 Chalk Investigations . 43 General characteristics of chalks and their origin 43 Sources of samples of chalk and chalky limestone 43 Niobrara Chalk 45 Greenhorn Limestone 45 Austin Chalk 46 Other chalk st.rata in Texas 47 Annona Chalk 47 Saratoga Chalk 47 Selma Group 47 Tertiary formations containing chalk and chalky limestone 48 Page Characterization of chalk and chalky limestone samples 49 Petrographic description . • 49 Bulk density and crushing characteristics ...• 50 Mineral and chemical analyses . 55 Results and discus sion of pore structures and surface areas of chalks, chalky limestones and their calcines 55 Chalks . 61 Chalky limestones 66 Shell, Coquina, Caliche, and Sludge Investigations 71 Sources of samples . 71 Characterization of samples and their calcines 72 Investigat ion of Carbonate Rocks Related to Previous Fluidized Bed Desulfurization Tests 78 Samples and their·relative decrepitation 79 Characterization of samples 80 Discuss ion of results 84 Su mmary and Conclusions 84 Marl ....... 84 Chalk and chalky limestone 85 Shell , coquina, caliche , and waste sludge 86 Conclusions regarding carbonates studied in relation to fluidized bed desulfurization 87 References 87 TABLES 1. Textural analyses of marls 24 2. Mineralogy of marls 28 3. Chemical analyses of marls 29 4. Harvard miniature compaction test result s of marls 30 5. Pore volumes and mean pore sizes of marls 32 6. Pore structures and surface areas of marls and their calcines ( 16xl8 mesh particles) . ... 33 7. Effect of calcination conditions on calcine pore structure and surface area of 16xl8 mesh particles of marl 38 8. Comparison of test results on 16xl8 and 170x200 mesh part icles of marl . • . • 41 Page 9, Petrography and bulk densities of samples 52-53 lO . Median particle sizes of pulverized samples 56 ll . Mineral analyses of chalk· and chalky limestones 57-58 l2 . Chemical analyses of chalks and chalky limestones 58 l3. Pore structur es and surface areas of chalks , chalky limestones , and their calcines 60 l4. Chemical and mineral analyses of shell and other carbonat e samples 73 l5. Pore structures of shell and other carbonate samples and their calcines (l6xl8 mesh particles ) l6. Petrography , pore structures , and decrepitation test results . 79 l7 . Chemical and mineral analyses 83 APPENDIXES l. Annotated bibliography on marls in the northeastern quarter of the United States . 93 2. Sources of samples and remarks on the deposits l02 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page l. Examples of penetration-volume curves for (a) a single particle , (b) l6xl8-mesh particles , and (c) l70x200-mesh particles of marl . • . • . 8 2. Schematic diagram of apparatus used for calcination and for measurement of surface area . • . • . • . • . • lO 3. Typical calcination recorder traces for (a) marls calcined at 8500 C, (b) marls calcined at 950° C, and (c) chalks , limestones , and shells calcined at 850° C. l3 Page Figur e 4. Marl production pit . 15 Localities of marls and other rocks sampled and the 5. q outcrop areas of principal chalk and chalky limestone strata 16 6. Particle-size distribut ion of selected marls 25 7. Particle-size distribut ion of marl samples 26 8. Particle-size distribut ion of marl samples 26 9. Particle-size distribution of marl samples 27 10 . Pore-volume curves for 16xl8 mesh particles of bog marl 7132D and its calcine . 35 11 . Pore-volume curves for 16x18 mesh particles of bog marl 7149A and its calcine . 35 12 . Pore-volume curves for 16xl8 mesh particles of bog marl 7137 and its calcine ......... 35 13 . Pore-volume curves for 16xl8 mesh particles of tufaceous bog marl 7133 and its calcines . 39 14. Pore-volume curves for 16xl8 mesh particles of lake marl 7150 and its calcines . 39 15 . Pore-volume curves for 16xl8 mesh particles of bog marl 7162c and its calcines . 40 16 . Pore-volume curves for 16xl8 mesh particles and penetration­ volume curves for 170x200 mesh particles of tufaceous bog marl 7133 and their calcines . 42 17 . Pore-volume curves for 16x18 mesh particles and penetration­ volume curves for 170x200 mesh particles of lake marl 7150 and their calcines . • . 42 18 . Geologic time-rock classification of carbonate rocks studied 44 19 . Pore-volume curves for sample of chalk of the Mar ianna Limestone (7201 ) and its calcine . • . 64 Page Figur e 20. Pore-volume curves for samples of the Selma Group and their calcines : Prairie Bluff Chalk (7206), Arcola Limestone Memb er of the·Mooreville Chalk (7204) , and Demopolis Chalk (7230) . .... 21. Pore-volume curves for samples of the Fort Hays Limestone Memb er of the Niobrara Chalk and their calcines . 67 ' 22. Pore-volume curves for samples of th� Austin Chalk (7221A and 7222B) , the Pecan Gap Chalk (7225 ), and their calcines . 68 23. Pore-volume curves for samples of the Annona Chalk (7226A and 7227B ), the Saratoga Chalk (7228) , and their calcines . 69 24. Pore-volume curves for samples of chalky limestones and their calcines : Crystal River Formation (7120 ); Dessau Member , Austin Chalk (7219); Greenhorn Limestone (7210B) . 70 25. Pore-volume curves for 16xl8 mesh particles of clam shell 7124 and its calcine .... 26. Penetration-volume curves for 170x200 mesh particles of carbonat e sludge 7153 and its calcines ..... 27. Calcine pore-volume curves for samples studied related to fluidized bed desulfurization . 82 Plate 1. Common mollusks from Pleistocene marls 19 2. Characteristic textural features of lake marls 20 3. Characteristic textural features of bog marls 22 4. Selected types of particles that occur in marls 23 5, Typical textural features of lime in calcined marl 37 6. Texture of chalk and a chalky limestone (F), coarse sparite in micrite 51 Plate Page Texture of micritic calcite in chalk samples 54 8. Texture of calcined (lime ) samples of chalks shown in plate 7 . • . 62 9, Textur e of the calcine (lime) from three types of calcite in chalks lO . Characteristic textural features of shells 74 ll . A. Relatively smooth and coarse grains, of lime in calcined shell material ; B. Relatively smooth and fine grains of lime in calcined sludge • . 78 l2. Typ ical textural characteristics of samples studied related to fluidized bed desulfrrrization • . PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MARLS, CHALKS, SHELLS, AND THEIR CALCINES RELATED TO DESULFURIZATION OF FLUE GASES Richard D. Harvey , Robert R. Frost , and Josephus Thomas , Jr . ABSTRACT Thirty-seven operating and other pits in fresh-water marl in the northeastern quarter of the United States and twenty-four de­ posits of chalk in chalky limestone, four deposits of shell and co­ quina, two deposits of cal iche , and a large carbonate sludge refuse pile, all in the eastern part of the United States , were sampled and studied in relation to their potential use in limestone (Caco l pro­ 3 cesses for control of emission from fossil fuel combustion. so2 Earlier studies had suggested the superiority of these materials over denser limestones in these processes. Each sample and its calcined product (lime ) were investigated for their petrography , mineralogy , chemistry, pore structure, and surface area. The occurrence of marl containing 80 percent or more Caco3 is restricted largely to Pleistocene age sediments that occur in the states around the Great Lakes and in Virginia . Annual production of marl in recent years has been approximately 2 million tons; it is at present us ed entirely as agricultural limestone and for related soil­ conditioning . Production could be vastly increased if demand in­ creased . Chalk and chalky limestone are generally restricted to the sedimentary rocks of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary age in the Kansas­ Nebraska-Colorado area and in the southeastern states from Texas to Florida. Currently chalks and chalky limestones in most of these states are used primarily in the manufactur ing of cement . - l - - 2 - Marls are composed principally of equant calcite grains , most of which are less than 4µ in diameter , that are weakly ag­ glomerated and also of mollusk shells, which cons ist of aragonite. Together these minerals provide a Caco content that is most fre­ 3 quently between 80 and 90 percent . Impurities are mainly quartz silt and organic matter. The pore volume of marls averages about 0.50 cc/g, which corresponds to a porosity of ab out 57 percent. Calcina­ tion of marl at 85 0° C for 5 to 10 minutes under high gas flow in­ creases the pore volume about 0.2 cc/g marl�slightly more than the theoretical increase calculated from the Caco3 content because of the presence of organic matter. The phys ical characteristics of high pore volume and fine grain size in marls and their calcines indicate that they should have high reactivities with so2 • Such character­ istics of solids are of major importance in most gas -solid inter­ actions .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CENTENNIAL: Grand Prairie, Texas 1909-2009
    CENTENNIAL: Grand Prairie, Texas 1909-2009 Foreword “Centennial” is a window into the growth and development of Grand Prairie, Texas, USA Compiled from City Documents and Public Records, the information presented is representative of actions and events in the City of Grand Prairie during its first 100 years. Grand Prairie was given its name by the Texas and Pacific Railroad based on its location on the southern edge of a geological region called “Grand Prairie” that is composed of Eagleford Shale stretching from Texas north through the Dakotas and into Canada. Compiled and Written as a Public Service by Katherine L. Houk May 1, 2008 (The author receives no compensation from sales of this book) CENTENNIAL: Grand Prairie, Texas 1909-2009 CENTENNIAL 2009! 100 YEARS OF GROWTH—GRAND PRAIRIE, TEXAS FOREWORD CHAPTER 1 GRAND PRAIRIE TODAY CHAPTER 2 THE CITY: 1980-2000 CHAPTER 3 THE CITY: 1960-1980 CHAPTER 4 THE CITY: 1940-1960 CHAPTER 5 THE CITY: 1920-1940 CHAPTER 6 THE CITY: 1909-1920 CHAPTER 7 PRE-1909 CENTENNIAL: Grand Prairie, Texas 1909-2009 CHAPTER 1: 2000-2009 GRAND PRAIRIE TODAY Grand Prairie, Texas, is celebrating its 100th birthday as an incor- porated city in 2009. With a population approaching 170,000 people, the city is no longer a stagecoach stop between Dallas and Fort Worth. In fact, Grand Prairie is the 7th largest city in North Central Texas, enjoying an international economy, with a tax base in excess of $10 Billion. In 2007, the City was the 6th fastest growing municipality in the United States. More than 20% of single family homes have no mortgage.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrogeology and Stratigraphy of the Dakota Formation in Northwest Iowa
    WATER SUPPLY HYDROGEOLOGY AND J.A. MUNTER BULLETIN G.A. LUDVIGSON NUMBER 13 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE B.J. BUNKER 1983 DAKOTA FORMATION IN NORTHWEST IOWA Iowa Geological Survey Donald L. Koch State Geologist and Director 123 North Capitol Street Iowa City, Iowa 52242 IOWA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY BULLETIN NO. 13 1983 HYDROGEOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE DAKOTA FORMATION IN NORTHWEST IOWA J. A. Munter G. A. Ludvigson B. J. Bunker Iowa Geological Survey Iowa Geological Survey Donald L. Koch Director and State Geologist 123 North Capitol Street Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Foreword An assessment of the quantity and quality of water available from the Dakota (Sandstone) Formation 1n northwest Iowa is presented in this report. The as sessment was undertaken to provide quantitative information on the hydrology of the Dakota aquifer system to the Iowa Natural Resources Council for alloca tion of water for irrigation, largely as a consequence of the 1976-77 drought. Most area wells for domestic, livestock, and irrigation purposes only partial ly penetrated the Dakota Formation. Consequently, the long-term effects of significant increases in water withdrawals could not be assessed on the basis of existing wells. Acquisition of new data was based upon a drilling program designed to penetrate the entire sequence of Dakota sediments at key loca tions, after a thorough inventory and analysis of existing data. Definition of the distribution, thickness, and lateral and vertical changes in composition of the Dakota Formation has permitted the recognition of two mem bers. Additionally, Identification of the rock units that underlie the Dakota Formation has contributed greatly to our knowledge of the regional geology of northwest Iowa and the upper midwest.
    [Show full text]
  • Variability of Nanopore Systems in the Lincoln Limestone, Denver-Julesburg Basin, Colorado, Usa
    VARIABILITY OF NANOPORE SYSTEMS IN THE LINCOLN LIMESTONE, DENVER-JULESBURG BASIN, COLORADO, USA By Brandon Franklin Werner Chase B.A., University of Colorado, Boulder, 2016 Undergraduate Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Undergraduate School of the University of Colorado’s Department of Geological Sciences 2016 Committee: David Budd – Geological Sciences – Advisor Charles Stern – Geological Sciences Tyler Lansford - Classics ABSTRACT: With a shift to exploiting unconventional petroleum plays in the United States to support energy consumption, understanding the nanopore systems in those unconventional resources becomes important for future exploitation. The goal of this study is to characterize the pore systems of the Cretaceous Lincoln Limestone found in the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin in order to test the hypothesis that lithologic variability has a control on pore characteristics and total porosity. The Lincoln Limestone represents a possible reservoir interval in close proximity to a source interval, the Hartland Shale, which directly overlies it, thus making it a potentially profitable future exploration target. Pore networks in the Lincoln were characterized using AR-milled rock surfaces run through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for image capture, image analysis with Avizio 9 software, and mineralogical characterization by X- Ray fluorescence (XRF). Seven samples were chosen for analysis from a single core taken from one well in the DJ basin. Five of the samples span the roughly 70-90 ft thick Lincoln Limestone and the other two come from right above and right below the Lincoln. The seven samples span the range of lithologic and porosity variability in the Lincoln Limestone. They have normalized volumes of carbonate that range from 6.0% to 70.6% (mostly as calcite); clay content ranges from 14.8% to 55.2%.
    [Show full text]
  • Blue River Valley Stratigraphic Chart
    Blue River Valley Hydrogeologic Geologic Period Phase Stratigraphic Unit Unit Modern Alluvium and outwash deposits Alluvial Aquifer Quaternary Glacial deposits Glacial deposits Glaciation Older stream and outwash terrace Local perched deposits aquifer Troublesome Formation Local aquifer Neogene Extension Volcanic rocks Volcanics Paleogene Transition Paleogene and Cretaceous intrusive Crystalline rocks bedrock Laramide Pierre Shale Smoky Hill Member Fort Hayes Limestone Pierre confining Niobrara Niobrara Formation Cretaceous unit Interior Carlile Shale Seaway Greenhorn Limestone Graneros Shale Benton Group Dakota Sandstone Dakota Aquifer Morrison Formation Morrison Aquifer Jurassic Mesozoic Entrada Sandstone Entrada Aquifer Sandstones Chinle confining Triassic Chinle Formation unit Permian Maroon Formation Ancestral Maroon-Minturn Rocky Aquifer Mountains Minturn Formation Pennsylvanian Mississippian No strata Devonian Chaffee Group Paleozoic Silurian Mississippian- Carbonates Cambrian Ordovician Manitou Formation carbonate aquifer Dotsero Formation and Cambrian Sawatch Sandstone Crystalline rocks of igneous and Crystalline Precambrian Precambrian metamorphic origin in mountainous bedrock region Table 12a-05-01. Blue River Valley stratigraphic chart. Blue River Valley Unit Thickness Hydrogeologic Geologic Period Phase Stratigraphic Unit Physical Characteristics Hydrologic Characteristics (ft) Unit Well to poorly-sorted, uncemented sands, silts and gravels along modern Modern Alluvium and outwash deposits >35 Alluvial Aquifer streams and
    [Show full text]
  • Texas Metropolitan Area~ 1975
    Hydrologic Data for Urban Studies in the Fort Worth~ Texas Metropolitan Area~ 1975 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-file report No. 77-266 Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fort Worth Hydrologic Data for Urban Studies in the Fort Worth, Texas Metropolitan Area, 1975 R. M. Slade, ]r. and ]. M. Taylor U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Open-file report No. 77-266 Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fort Worth June 1977. CONTENTS Page Introduction-------------------------------------------------------- 6 Watershed features-----------------------------~-------------------- 8 Sycamore Creek and Sycamore Creek tributary study are·as-------- 8 Dry Branch and Little Fossil Creek study areas----------------- 9 Hydrologic instruments----------------------------------------~----- 12 Data collection and explanation------------------------------------- 14 Rainfall------------------------------------------------------- 14 Runoff----------.----------------------------------------------- 14 Summary of data for the 1975 water-year----------------------------­ 17 Compilation of data------------------------------------------------- 25 Station description and daily, monthly, and yearly discharge at stream-gaging stations, 1975 water year Sycamore Creek at Interstate Highway 35-W, Fort Worth, Tex.-:___ 26 Sycamore Creek tributary above Seminary South Shopping Cen~er, Fort Worth, Tex.------------------------------------- 27 . Sycamore Creek tributary at Interstate Highway 35-W, Fort Worth, Tex.-------------------------------------------------- 28 Dry Branch at Fain
    [Show full text]
  • Geohydrology of the Oklahoma Panhandle Beaver, Cimarron And
    GEOHYDROLOGY OF THE OKLAHOMA PANHANDLE, BEAVER, CIMARRON, AND TEXAS COUNTIES By D. l. Hart Jr., G. l. Hoffman, and R. L. Goemaat U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water Resources Investigation 25 -75 Prepared in cooperation with OKLAHOMA WATER RESOURCES BOARD April 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Thomas Kleppe, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY v. E. McKelvey, Director For additional information write to~ U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division 201 N. W. 3rd Street, Room 621 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73102 ii CONTENTS Pa,;e No. Factors to convert English units to metric units ..•..................... v Ab s t raet .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. I' of '" " " of .. .. ••• .. of " •, '" 7 I ntroduc t ion. ......•....•............................................... 8 Purpose and scope of investigation 8 Location and general features of the area.••..........•............ 8 Previous investigations .•.......................................... 10 Well-numbering system.•...............................•............ 10 Acknowledgments. .......•......................................... .. 13 Geology. ....•.•....................................................... .. 13 ~ Regional geology ill .. II II II oil II oil It It It "" oil 13 Geologic units and their water-bearing properties 16 Permian System...•.......................•.................... 16 Permian red beds undifferentiated...............•........ 16 Triassic System..•.•.........•...........•.................... 16 Dockt.JIn Group ~ 4 ~ #' ., of ,. '" ., # of ,. ,. .. ". 16 Jurassic
    [Show full text]
  • Draft: Subject to Change Prior to Commission Action Texas Transportation Commission
    DRAFT: SUBJECT TO CHANGE PRIOR TO COMMISSION ACTION TEXAS TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION VARIOUS Counties MINUTE ORDER Page 1 of 1 VARIOUS Districts Pursuant to Transportation Code, Chapter 223, Subchapter A, and Title 43, Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 9, Subchapter B, the Texas Department of Transportation (department) solicited and received sealed competitive bid proposals for improvement of the State Highway System, which were publicly opened and read on July 6 and 7, 2006 and deferred from the June 29, 2006 Texas Transportation Commission (commission) meeting as shown on Exhibit A. Pursuant to cited code provisions highway improvement contract bids on a project may be accepted or rejected, but if accepted must be awarded to the lowest bidder. An award is conditional in the event it is subject to Federal Highway Administration concurrence, third party funding or concurrence, and other conditions listed in the contract. The department recommends that the commission respectively award to the lowest bidder or reject, as indicated, those highway and transportation enhancement building construction contracts identified on attached Exhibit A to this order. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED by the commission that the contracts described in Exhibit A be and are hereby respectively awarded to the lowest bidder or rejected as indicated therein. If a contractual requirement of award is not satisfied within the prescribed time limit, including any extension of time allowed by the executive director or the director’s designee, by reason of the action or inaction of the successful low bidder on any contract, including, but not limited to, disadvantaged business/historically underutilized business participation, the contract is automatically in default and the executive director is authorized and directed to retain and deposit the related contract proposal guaranty to the credit of the State Highway Fund and to readvertise that project for competitive bids at the earliest practical subsequent date.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Resources Inventory Map Document for Fort Larned National Historic Site
    U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Directorate Geologic Resources Division Fort Larned National Historic Site GRI Ancillary Map Information Document Produced to accompany the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) Digital Geologic Data for Fort Larned National Historic Site fols_geology.pdf Version: 6/26/2015 I Fort Larned National Historic Site Geologic Resources Inventory Map Document for Fort Larned National Historic Site Table of Contents Geologic R.e..s.o..u..r.c..e..s.. .I.n..v.e..n..t.o..r..y. .M...a..p.. .D..o..c..u..m...e..n..t....................................................................... 1 About the N..P..S.. .G...e..o..l.o..g..i.c. .R...e..s.o..u..r.c..e..s.. .I.n..v.e..n..t.o..r..y. .P...r.o..g..r.a..m........................................................... 2 GRI Digital .M...a..p.. .a..n..d.. .S..o..u..r.c..e.. .M...a..p.. .C..i.t.a..t.i.o..n............................................................................... 4 Map Unit Li.s..t.......................................................................................................................... 5 Map Unit De..s..c..r.i.p..t.i.o..n..s............................................................................................................. 6 Qal - Alluvi.u..m... .(.H..o..l.o..c..e..n..e..)............................................................................................................................................. 6 Qp - Uplan.d.. .in..t.e..r..m..i.t.t.e..n..t. .l.a..k.e.. .(..p..la..y..a..).. .d..e..p..o..s..it.s.. .(..la..t.e.. .P..l.e..i.s..t.o..c..e..n..e.. .t.o.. .H..o..l.o..c..e..n..e..)............................................................. 6 Qds - Eolia.n.. .d..u..n..e.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Black Mesa, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona H
    New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/9 Late Cretaceous stratigraphy of Black Mesa, Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Arizona H. G. Page and C. A. Repenning, 1958, pp. 115-122 in: Black Mesa Basin (Northeastern Arizona), Anderson, R. Y.; Harshbarger, J. W.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 9th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 205 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1958 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Ogallala/High Plains Regional Aquifer System in Nebraska
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Natural Resources Natural Resources, School of April 1995 Geology of the Ogallala/High Plains Regional Aquifer System in Nebraska Robert F. Diffendal University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers Part of the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Diffendal, Robert F., "Geology of the Ogallala/High Plains Regional Aquifer System in Nebraska" (1995). Papers in Natural Resources. 75. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/75 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Natural Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Geologic Field Trips in Nebraska and Adjacent Parts of Kansas and South Dakota: Parts of the 29th Annual Meetings of the North-Central and South-Central Sections, Geological Society of America Lincoln, Nebraska Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Chair Charles A. Flowerday, Editor Guidebook No. 10 Published by the Conservation and Survey Division, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, in conjunction with the GSA regional sections meeting, April 27–28,1995. Geology of the OgallalaIHigh Plains Regional Aquifer System in Nebraska Field Trip No. 6 R. F. (Bob) Diffendal, Jr. Conservation and Survey Division University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588 This guide is mostly figures with a reference River valley, we have traveled across land underlain section containing some of the pertinent literature on by glacial tills, loesses, and fluvial deposits of Qua- the Cenozoic geology we will see over the next four ternary age.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Fish Fauna from the Uppermost Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Southeastern Nebraska
    DePaul Discoveries Volume 1 Issue 1 Article 7 2012 Fossil Fish Fauna from the Uppermost Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Southeastern Nebraska Kevin R. Jansen DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/depaul-disc Part of the Life Sciences Commons, and the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Jansen, Kevin R. (2012) "Fossil Fish Fauna from the Uppermost Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Southeastern Nebraska," DePaul Discoveries: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/depaul-disc/vol1/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Science and Health at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in DePaul Discoveries by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Fossil Fish Fauna from the Uppermost Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Southeastern Nebraska Acknowledgements Faculty Advisor: Dr. Kenshu Shimada, Department of Environmental Science and Studies & Department of Biological Sciences This article is available in DePaul Discoveries: https://via.library.depaul.edu/depaul-disc/vol1/iss1/7 Jansen: Fossil Fish Fauna from the Uppermost Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Southeastern Nebraska DEPAUL DISCOVERIES (2O12) Fossil Fish Fauna from the Uppermost Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Southeastern Nebraska Kevin R. Jansen* Department of Environmental Science and Studies ABSTRACT The Graneros Shale is a rock deposited in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America about 95 million years ago. Many fossil fish remains were collected from the uppermost portion of the Graneros Shale in southeastern Nebraska and were analyzed for their unique characteristics.
    [Show full text]
  • Table 12A-01-01. South Park Stratigraphic Chart
    South Park Basin Hydrogeologic Geologic Period Phase Stratigraphic Unit Unit Modern Alluvium and outwash deposits Alluvial Aquifer Glacial deposits Glacial deposits Quaternary Glaciation Older stream and outwash terrace Local perched deposits aquifer Neogene Wagontongue/ Extension Wagontongue/ Trump formations Trump Aquifer Antero Formation Antero Aquifer Thirtynine Mile Volcanics Volcanics Tallahassee Creek Tallahassee Creek Conglomerate Transition Aquifer Wall Mountain Tuff and Buffalo Peaks Volcanics volcanics Crystalline Paleogene intrusive rocks bedrock Paleogene Echo Park Alluvium Echo Park Aquifer Upper South Park Arkosic Member Aquifer Link Spring Link Spring Tuff Member confining unit Laramide Lower South Park Conglomerate Member Aquifer South Park Formation South Reinecker Ridge Volcanic Volcanics Member Paleogene and Cretaceous intrusive Crystalline rocks bedrock Laramie confining Upper unit Laramie Laramie Lower Formation Laramie- Fox Hills Fox Hills Sandstone Aquifer Pierre Shale Cretaceous Smoky Hill Member Interior Seaway Fort Hayes Limestone Niobrara Niobrara Pierre confining Formation unit Carlile Shale Greenhorn Limestone Graneros Shale Benton Group Benton Dakota Sandstone Dakota Aquifer Morrison Formation Morrison Aquifer Jurassic Mesozoic Sandstones Garo Sandstone Garo Aquifer Triassic No strata Permian Maroon Formation Maroon-Minturn Aquifer Upper member Ancestral Eagle Valley Evaporite facies Rocky evaporite unit Mountains Pennsylvanian Lower member- Minturn Aquifer Minturn Formation Minturn Coffman Member Belden
    [Show full text]