SEPM FIELD TRIP GUIDEBOOK NO. 4 1985 MIDYEAR MEETING GOLDEN, COLORADO

Fine-grained Deposits and Biofacies of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway: Evidence of Cyclic Sedimentary Processes

SEPM Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists /(, I/926 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3801631/9781565762794_frontmatter.pdf y by guest on 28 September 2021 FINE-GRAINED DEPOSITS ANDBIOFACIES OF THE CRETACEOUS WESTERN INTERIOR SEAWAY: EVIDENCE OF CYCLIC SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES

EDITED BY: LISA M. PRATT ERLE G. KAUFFMAN FREDERICK B. ZELT

SEPM Second Annual Midyear Meeting Golden, Colorado p, Field Trip No. 9 SEPM August 15, 1985 1926 V Society of Economic Paleontologists andMineralogists Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3801631/9781565762794_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 Our special thanks to the following contributors for their support:

Amerada Hess Corporation Arco Exploration Champlin Petroleum Company Diamond Shamrock Exploration Company Exxon Company Marathon Oil Company Mobil Sohio Petroleum Company Texaco

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Page

PREFACE by L.M. Pratt III

INTRODUCTION by E.G. Kauffman IV - XI

CARBONATE BEDDING CYCLES IN CRETACEOUS PELAGIC AND HEMIPELAGIC SEQUENCES by A.G. Fischer, T. Herbert, I.P. Silva i - 10

MODELLING FLUCTUATIONS IN WATER DEPTH DURING THE CRETACEOUS By C.G.A. Harrison 11 - 15

COMPARATIVE GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL STUDIES OF TWO CYCLIC TRANSGRESSIVE PELAGIC LIMESTONE UNITS, CRETACEOUS WESTERN INTERIOR BASIN, U.S. By M.A. Arthur, W.E. Dean, R.M. Pollastro, G.E. Claypool and P.A. Scholle 16 - 27

DISTRIBUTION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF WIDESPREAD, TIME-PARALLEL PELAGIC LIMESTONE BEDS IN GREENHORN LIMESTONE (UPPER CRETACEOUS) OF THE CENTRAL GREAT PLAINS AND SOUTHERN ROCKY MOUNTAINS By D.E. Hattin 28 - 37

ISOTOPIC STUDIES OF ORGANIC MATTER AND CARBONATE IN ROCKS OF THE GREENHORN MARINE CYCLE By L.M. Pratt 38 - 48

PALEOCEANOGPAPHIC EVENTS AND LITHOLOGIC/GEOCHEMICAL FACIES OF THE GREENHORN MARINE CYCLE (UPPER CRETACEOUS) EXAMINED USING NATURAL GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY 19- 59 By F.B. Zelt .

FORAMINIFERA AS INDICATORS OF WATER MASS IN THE CRETACEOUS GREENHORN SEA, WESTERN INTERIOR By D.L. Eicher and R. Diner 60 - 71

THE DAKOTA GROUP AND THE KIOWA-SKULL CREEK CYCLOTHM IN THE CANON CITY - PUEBLO AREA, COLORADO By E.R. Gustason and E.G. Kauffman 72 - 89

DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE GRANEROS SHALE (CENOMANIAN), ROCK CANYON ANTICLINE By E.G. Kauffman 90 - 99

STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOBIOLOGY OF THE LINCOLN LIMESTONE MEMBER, GREENHORN LIMESTONE, ROCK CANYON ANTICLINE, COLORADO By B.B. Sageman and C.C. Johnson 100 - 109

HIGH-RESOLUTION STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOBIOLOGY OF THE HARTLAND SHALE MEMBER: ANALYSIS OF AN OXYGEN-DEFICIENT EPICONTINENTAL SEA By B.B. Sageman 110 121

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STRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE BRIDGE CREEK LIMESTONE MEMBER OF THE GREENHORN LIMESTONE AT ROCK CANYON ANTICLINE NEAR PUEBLO, COLORADO By W.P. Elder and 3.1. Kirkland 122 - 134

AMMONITE RECORD FROM BRIDGE CREEK MEMBER OF GREENHORN LIMESTONE AT PUEBLO RESERVOIR STATE RECREATION AREA, COLORADO By W.A. Cobban 135 - 138

FORAMINIFERA OF THE CENOANIAN-TURONIAN BOUNDARY INTERVAL, GREENHORN FORMATION, ROCK CANYON ANTICLINE, PUEBLO, COLORADO By R.M. Leckie 139 - 150

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOECOLOGY OF CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS IN THE GREENHORN MARINE CYCLE By D.K. Watkins 151 - 156

BIOTIC PATTERNS ACROSS THE CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN EXTINCTION BOUNDARY NEAR PUEBLO, COLORADO By W.P. Elder 157 - 169

HIGH RESOLUTION STRATIGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE GREENHORN REGRESSIVE HEMICYCLOTHEM, ROCK CANYON ANTICLINE, PUEBLO, COLORADO By L.M. Glenister and E.G. Kauffman 170 - 183

THE NIOBRARA TRANSGRESSIVE HEMICYCLOTHEM IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN COLORADO: THE ANATOMY OF A MULTIPLE DISCONFORMITY By C.G. Fisher, E.G. Kauffman, and L.Van Holdt Wilhelm 184 -198

DEPOSITIONAL CYCLES IN THE NIOBRARA FORMATION, COLORADO FRONT RANGE By L.K. Barlow and E.G. Kauffman 199 - 208

ISOTOPIC AND SEDIMENTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE LOWER NIOBRARA FORMATION, LYONS, COLORADO By L.M. Pratt and L.K. Barlow 209 - 214

WHOLE-ROCK, INSOLUBLE RESIDUE, AND CLAY MINERALOGIES OF MARL, CHALK, AND BENTONITE, SMOKY HILL SHALE MEMBER, NIOBRARA FORMATION NEAR PUEBLO, COLORADO--DEPOSITIONAL AND DIAGENETIC IMPLICATIONS By R.M. Pollastro and C.J. Martinex 215 - 222

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC CONSTITUENTS OF THE NIOBRARA FORMATION IN WELD COUNTY, COLORADO By W.F. Precht and R.M. Pollastro 223 - 233

BIBLIOGRAPHY 234 - 249

FIELD REFERENCE SECTION By E.G. Kauffman and L.J. Pratt FRS/1 - FR5/26

II

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3801631/9781565762794_frontmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 PREFACE

In the late 1800Th and early 1900s, research papers (Kauffman, Fischer et al., Harrison, and on Cretaceous rocks in the Western Interior region Arthur, et al.) are of general interest and serve to focused on fossil collection, description of introduce the regional sedimentological framework, stratigraphic units, and mapping. Subsequent possible forcing mechanisms for cyclic studies led to development of a highly refined sedimentation, and the application of stratigraphic stratigraphic framework based on macrofossils, concepts to cyclic sequences. The next three papers microfossils, regional marker beds, radiometric age (Pratt, Zelt, and Eicher and Diner) are regional determinations, and excursions in the stable studies of the variations in stable isotopic isotopic compositions of carbonate and organic compositions, gamma-ray emissions, and foraminiferal matter. Excellent exposures, diverse and well- faunas in the Greenhorn Limestone and laterally preserved fossils, and numerous regionally traceable equivalent units. The following 15 papers are bentonites make it possible to correlate detailed studies of the depositional histories and synchronously deposited near-shore sandstones faunas of the Dakota Group (Gustason and Kauffman), transitional siltstones, and deeper-water calcareous Graneros Shale (Kauffman), Greenhorn Limestone shales and chalks. Detailed analyses of these (Sageman and Johnson, Sageman, Elder and Kirkland, laterally equivalent facies provide data needed to Cobban, Leckie, Watkins, and Elder), Carlile Shale evaluate interrelationships between organisms and (Glenister and Kauffman), and Niobrara Formation environments and the varying influence of climatic (Barlow and Kauffman, Pratt and Barlow, Pollastro changes on shallow-water and deep-water depositiorìal and Martinez, and Precht and Pollastro) in the processes. Pueblo-Canon City area and northward along the Colorado Front Range. The presence of small-scale cycles and event deposits superimposed on large-scale transgressive- Particular thanks are due to Donald J. regressive sequences is a fundamental feature of McManamen for drafting the Field Reference Section Cretaceous strata in Colorado that has captured the and to Dorothy R. Malone for compiling the imagination of innumerable investigators. references and for typing the camera-ready Consequently, the title of this volumn emphasizes annotations for the Field Reference Section. Thanks the influence of cyclic sedimentary processes on the are given to Helen Y. Colburn and Marjorie F. distribution of rock types and faunas in these Cunningham for producing the camera-ready References strata. Papers in this volumn reflect the differing Cited and to Carol S. Holtgrewe for drafting approaches and interpretations of specialists in assistance. paleontology, sedimentology ,geochemistry, and Technical reviews by G. E. Claypool, G. Colten geophysics. As a whole, the volumn provides an Bradley, D. L. Eicher, D. L. Gautier, J. R. Hatch, interdisciplinary view of the causes and W. W. Hay, R. M. Pollastro, N. H. Sleep, and W. V. consequences of gradual cyclic, periodic, and Sliter in addition to reviews by the volumn editors catastrophic changes in environmental conditions are gratefully acknowledged. recorded by strata in the Kiowa-Skull Creek, Greenhorn, and Niobrara Cyciothems.The first four

Lisa M. Pratt July 16, 1985

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