South Dakota Geological Survey General Map 9

100o N O R T 99 o H D A 98 o K O T A 97o

48 47 Kg 49 Kgr Kn 129 White Rock STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA

1 1 50 Kn 0 2 Wgr 0 0 5 5 0 0

Kfh 0 M. Michael Rounds, Governor 7 1 0 New 5 1 Kp 5 0 1 g 0 7 Kc Kp 128 K 1 1 Effington Kfh 0 0 128 Artas 5 Hecla 0 Rosholt Pollock 7 0 Claire

1 128 0 1750 Long 0 150 City Kgr Kc 5 Kfh Lake Veblen 7 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES Kg Frederick Steven M. Pirner, Secretary Herreid 127 Kg 750 1 Britton 127 127 50 17 1 2 R O B E R T S Eureka 5 Kg C A M P B E L L 0 750 DIVISION OF FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Lake 1500 David Templeton, Director Mound 00 M C P H E R S O N City M 15 City Kp Kn 126 M A R S H A L L 1 75 0 126 0 5 Kp 126 7 Leola Kp 1 Sisseton 1500 Kp 00 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 15 Kp Hillsview Claremont Westport Derric L. Iles, State Geologist Kfh 125 125 Wetonka Eden 0 500 Langford 125 1 150 1 Columbia 5 56 55 0 58 57 Kp 0 63 62 61 60 59 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64

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0

0 0 0 Hosmer 1 5 5 Peever 7 0 0 2 B R O W N 1 Kc 5 1 0 1 1 0 2 124 5 5 Mobridge 1 0 Glenham 124 1 12 124 75 50 0 Kp 10 M Kn Kp 00 Roslyn 0 Bedrock Geologic Map Showing 5 Pierpont 0 2

5 Grenville Selby Java 1 0 7 5 1 2 1 0 0 123 5 Bowdle Ipswich 5 7 2 Groton Kp 123 1 000 Kp 2 123 Wilmot Roscoe Aberdeen 1 Andover 1 Kn Kp 0 0

1 0 7 Configuration of the Bedrock 5 Kc 0 E D M U N D S D A Y Big Stone W A L W O R T H 122 Corona 1 City 5 122 0 Bristol 122 Ortley 0 Webster Wm Summit Akaska Warner Waubay Kgr 1 1250 Kg Surface in South Dakota 7 5 0 Kc Stratford Marvin Kp Wm Lowry 121 46 121 50 Butler 48 47 12 121 51 50 49 0 5 48 47 2 Verdon 49 1 52 51 50 Wm 53 52 51 Twin Milbank 0 M 5 East of the Missouri River 0 2 Brooks Hoven 5 1 Kn 1 2 000 F 0 1 00 Tolstoy 120 Kp 2 Kp 50 Lily 120 120 1750 12 G R A N T Onaka Cresbard Conde F 1250 Mellette Brentford F Chelsea South Kp Dennis W. Tomhave and Layne D. Schulz Northville Shore Stockholm M 1 0 1 119 0 00 Kp 1 2 Wallace 5 M F 2 5 2 119 5 0 Bradley 1 0 0 119

0 Florence Albee 5

1 Strandburg 1 P O T T E R LaBolt 00 0 o F A U L K Turton Kn Lebanon Kn 45 Seneca Revillo 2004 0 0 118 Kp 0 Faulkton 2 118 118 0 0 0 12 Ashton o Gettysburg 2 5 Garden F M 0 1000 45 M City C O D I N G T O N 0 Kn 1 5 0 2 12 5 5 2

1 S P I N 0 K 0 Watertown 5 7 C L A R K 0 1 117 5 2 1 117 12 Kranzburg 50 Kp Rockham Doland Kp Orient Frankfort Raymond Kn

1 Redfield 2 Clark Goodwin Altamont 5 Henry

0 0 Kc 5 Kp 7 Gary 1 0 175 0 116 5 1250 Agar 2 116 1 Kn D E U E L Kp 10 00 Clear Kp Naples Lake Kp Hazel 0 MONTANANORTH DAKOTA MINNESOTA 5 Kc 115 Castlewood 2 Kn 1 115 1 500 0 Tulare 5 S U L L Y 7 1 1 1 Vienna 25 Kp 0 2 0 Kn 5 5 7 p K 0 H A M L I N Brandt 1 M 17 50 Onida Kp 114 Kp SOUTH DAKOTA 114 1 Hayti 250 Kp

Kp 1250

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5 2

1 WYOMING Willow Bryant Hitchcock 1250 Lake Estelline Toronto Astoria 113 Lake 0 0 M Kp 5 Norden i 113 1 IOWA ss 1 1250 ou 50 ri H Y D E 0 NEBRASKA H A N D 0 50 Blunt 1 Erwin Kn Harrold Highmore Miller Kp 112 17 Bancroft 1500 112 50 Ree Heights St. Lawrence Broadland Kp Badger 0 75 White River 1 Bruce Yale 1 Wessington 0 Kp 5 1 Kp 25 MAP AREA 5 0 B E A D L E 1 0 0 K I N G S B U R Y H U0 G H E S 111 1 5 Wolsey 0 Hetland 111 0 1 Kp De Smet 5 Pierre 0 B R O O K I N G S 0 Iroquois Arlington Lake Brookings Preston 1250 1 1 Cavour 7 7 Kp Ku

5 5 F 0 Bushnell 0 0 5 Huron 2 110 110 1 Volga Aurora 2000 Kp

0 Kp 5 0 2 Kn 150 Kp 1 Elkton Virgil Sinai 0 0 0 2 Oldham 109 Xs

1 0 5 5

2 0 1 0 C R O W C R E E K 1750 Ward Nunda Carthage 1 Alpena 5 0 12 0 50 I N D I A N 108 Ramona

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F 7 5 Kp

0 o Flandreau Wessington 100 1 7 5 Springs Lane B U F F 0 A L O Fort Thompson Woonsocket 107 Kp Kn M I N E R Kn L A K E M O O D Y Xs 1 o 5 J E R A U L D 0 Howard Wentworth R E S0 E R V A T I O N Egan 44 Gann Valley 0 5 1 Roswell Winfred 2 7 Junius Madison 1 5 Ku o Kp 0 Artesian 0 Vilas Colman Kn 44 0 106 Xs Kp Kn 5 1 S A N B O R N 1 5 0 Xs Kp 0 12 Xs Trent 50 1 50 Letcher 0 Canova 105 Xs Ku 1 Ku 2 Xs 5 Kn Kp 0 Storla Kn 1 7 5 0 0 5 Xs 17 Kn Dell 1 Kn 50 1 0 Rapids 5 15 0 Xs Colton 00 00 0 Kc Xcd Xs Sherman 15 Kc Loomis 104 Xs Kc Baltic 00 Xs Chamberlain 5 Pukwana Kimball 1 Salem Garretson Mitchell Farmer Kn 0 Xs 500 5 0 ulton 1 7 F Montrose 50 A U R O R A Xcd 1 1 Kp Mt. Vernon Kc 103 Spencer M I N N E H A H A White Lake Xcd Kn Plankinton Xcd B R U L E 1250 M C C O O K 500 H A N S O N 1 1 Crooks Kn 250 D A V I S O N 1 2 1 Humboldt 5 250 Kc 102 Alexandria 0 Valley Kn 0 1 Hartford Springs 5 Kp 2 Canistota Brandon 7 5 Xs

1 0 Xs 1 Xs 2 Kp Emery Xcd 5 Xs Ku 0 Stickney Bridgewater Ku Sioux 1 SHADED RELIEF MAP OF THE BEDROCK SURFACE 7 Kp Kc 5 Xs Falls Xcd 0 101 48 47 1750 Ethan 50 49 EAST OF THE MISSOURI RIVER 52 51 55 54 53 58 57 56 50 49 61 60 59 52 51 Kg Tu Tu 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 55 54 53 70 69 Kn 57 56 Dolton Xs Kgr 61 60 59 58 Ku Monroe 64 63 0 62 Tea 71 69 68 67 66 65 0 0 70 5 Dimock 50 25 Tu 1 Kn 1 100 12 0 Kp 5 Harrisburg Xs 2 Kn 1 Kn Corsica Marion 12 Xs Kn 5 Kn Milltown Ku 0

Ku Xs Chancellor

Kn Parkston Parker Xs ; Kn Kg Platte D O U G L A S 99 Xs Kn Xs 50 Freeman 12 Kc Lennox Worthing 1500 H U T C H I N S O N Kgr DDISCUSSIONISCUSSION 12 Ku Kgr 50 Kd Ku T U R N E R Canton 1 2 5 1250 1 0 1 Kd The mapped area is within the glaciated part of South Dakota, east of the Missouri River. The bedrock surface is mantled by Kg 2 00 5 Kc 0 1 Armour Kn 98 0 5 0 Kn Tu Davis Pleistocene-age glacial sediment of many glacial stages throughout most of the map area. The mantle includes loess which overlies the 0 Kp 1 Hurley 1 Delmont 0 7 00 glacial sediment in many areas. Additionally, the mantle locally includes Holocene-age alluvial, colluvial, and lacustrine sediments. This 5 50 0 Geddes Kp 12 1 5 Olivet Menno combined overburden ranges from a thin veneer to more than 1,000 feet thick on the Coteau des Prairies in northeastern South Dakota. 0 Tripp 0 1500 Tu Xs 0 Fairview 5 Kc 2 C H A R L E S M I X Kp Kn L 1 I N C O L N 1250 97 Kgr Kaylor Kgr Bedrock deposits shown on the map include, from oldest to youngest: Late Archean- to Early Proterozoic-age Milbank Granite, Granite, 15 00 Kg Kn Sioux Quartzite, and Corson Diabase; Late Cretaceous-age Dakota Formation, Graneros Shale, Greenhorn Formation, Carlile Shale, Tu 1500 Viborg Xs Tu Hudson Niobrara Formation, Pierre Shale, and Fox Hills Sandstone; and undifferentiated Tertiary-age sediment (Ogallala Group formations are Centerville Kn Kn Kn Kn Scotland Kn included in this map unit). In areas surrounding or near the Sioux Quartzite on the map, a variety of unidentified Late Cretaceous facies are 0 Lake Andes 5 7 96 Beresford 1 Ravinia 1000 encountered which are mapped as Cretaceous, undifferentiated (Split Rock Creek Formation is included in this map unit). 17 Irene o 5 99 0 Wagner Kn Kc 1250

17 Kn 1 5 2 Bedrock crops out along the Missouri River bluffs, along many rivers and creeks, and other areas where the glacial sediment has been 0 Kn 5 1 95 Kp 0 0 Alcester Pickstown 00 removed by erosion. Milbank Granite crops out in Grant County. Sioux Quartzite crops out in Davison, Hanson, Minnehaha, McCook, and 50 0 1250 12 Dante Lesterville 00 o Tu B O N H O M M E Y A N1 K T O N Wakonda 43 Turner Counties. Corson Diabase crops out in Minnehaha County. Greenhorn Formation crops out in Union and Grant Counties. Carlile 1 Kg 50 Avon Shale crops out in Clay, Davison, Hanson, Roberts, and Union Counties. Niobrara Formation crops out in Bon Homme, Brule, Buffalo, o 0 Utica Tyndall U N I O N Charles Mix, Clay, Davison, Hanson, Jerauld, Lincoln, Roberts, and Yankton Counties. Pierre Shale crops out in Bon Homme, Brown, 43 0 0 Kgr 0 25 Kc Marty 0 1 1 5 5 5 2 Volin Brule, Buffalo, Campbell, Charles Mix, Clay, Davison, Day, Edmunds, Hughes, Hyde, Jerauld, Marshall, McPherson, Potter, Roberts, Kn 0 1 1 Tabor C L A Y Kc 0 94 Kn Kg Kn SCALE 0 Kp Spink, Sully, Walworth, and Yankton Counties. Undifferentiated Late Cretaceous sediment crops out in Minnehaha, McCook, and Turner 1:500,000 Tu 5 Mission 2 0 1 Tu 5 0 Hill 1 2 5 250 1 2 Tu Kgr Kg Counties. Undifferentiated Tertiary sediment crops out in Bon Homme, Brule, Charles Mix, Jerauld, and Yankton Counties. 05 10203040 1 Gayville 10 Yankton Kn 00 1 0 0 Miles 150 0 0 Kd Kp The topography of the bedrock surface is the result of a complex preglacial and glacial history. Prior to glaciation, the mapped area was Springfield Kc Kgr 250 93 drained by a network of well-developed river systems, and would resemble much of the land west of the Missouri River as it is today. 05 1020304050 Kc 1 Kilometers Kp Kgr 1 Kd Rivers such as the Grand, Moreau, and Cheyenne were tributaries of an ancestral river which flowed east to the James River lowland, then Kp 00 Kg 0 Kc north to the Red River lowland, and on to Hudson Bay. Rivers such as the Bad and White were tributaries of an ancestral river system CONTOUR INTERVAL 50 FEET 1500 Kgr 92 10 which flowed southeast to the Mississippi River valley and on to the Gulf of Mexico. Glaciation changed the landscape with glaciers Kp 00 NORTH AMERICAN DATUM OF 1927 Kc Vermillion scouring the land surface and meltwater streams cutting deeply incised channels in some of the ancestral river valleys. These deep LAMBERT CONFORMAL CONIC channels are very narrow, at times less than a quarter of a mile wide. Bedrock elevations of less than 900 feet are common in the north-

Kgr Kgr central and southeastern portions of the mapped area. No attempt was made to completely contour these deep channels. The Missouri 10 River valley is an example of a deeply incised ice-marginal meltwater channel. Early glaciation did extend westward across the Missouri 00 Elk Point River valley, evidenced only by isolated deposits and sparse erratics. Kd 10 o 00 98o 97 Sources of data used in compiling the map include the following: (1) Lithologic logs of test holes and wells on file with the Geological Jefferson 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Survey and Water Rights Programs, Department of Environment and Natural Resources; (2) Published and unpublished geologic maps of

0 The Geological Survey, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, engages in an ongoing data collection and North the Geological Survey Program, Department of Environment and Natural Resources; and (3) U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000 scale digital interpretation process. An outcome of that process is to reflect those interpretations on maps such as this one. Reasonable Sioux City elevation data. efforts have been made to ensure that this map accurately reflects the source data used in its preparation. This map is date specific. As additional data become available, geologic interpretations may be revised and the map may be updated by the N E B R A S K A Geological Survey. This map should not be enlarged or otherwise used in an attempt to interpret more detail than can be REFERENCES seen at the 1:500,000 scale. Publication Date: June 30, 2004 Beissel, D.R., and Gilbertson, J.P., 1987, Geology and water _____2001, Geology of Aurora and Jerauld Counties, South resources of Deuel and Hamlin Counties, South Dakota; Part I, Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 32, 32 p. Geology: South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 27, 41 p. Helgerson, R., and Duchossois, G.E., 1987, Geology and water Christensen, C.M., 1967, Geology and water resources of Clay resources of Hand and Hyde Counties, South Dakota; Part I, County, South Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota Geological Geology: South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 28, 46 p. Survey Bulletin 19, 86 p. Johnson, G.D., and McCormick, K.A., in press, Geology of DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS _____1974, Geology and water resources of Bon Homme County, Yankton County, South Dakota: South Dakota Geological (Order of rock description does not always indicate stratigraphic position; refer to correlation chart) South Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota Geological Survey Survey Bulletin 34. Bulletin 21, 48 p. Koch, N.C., 1975, Geology and water resources of Marshall _____1977, Geology and water resources of McPherson, Edmunds, County, South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey SYMBOLS CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS Tertiary, undifferentiated (Pliocene to Miocene) - Light greenish-brown Carlile Shale (Upper Cretaceous) - Dark-gray to black, silty to sandy Corson Diabase (Lower Proterozoic) - Black, intermediate- to coarse- and Faulk Counties, South Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota Bulletin 23, 76 p. Tu Xcd and light yellowish-tan to orangish-brown clay, silty clay, and fine sand; Kc shale with several zones of septarian, fossiliferous, carbonate grained diabase composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine. Geological Survey Bulletin 26, 58 p. Leap, D.I., 1986, Geology and water resources of Brown County, light-brown to pink siltstone; green, massive, orthoquartzite conglomerate; concretions. Contains up to three sandstone units in the upper portion of _____1987, Geology and water resources of Clark County, South South Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota Geological CONTACT Tu Tertiary and multicolored quartz- and feldspar-rich sand and gravel. Includes the formation and sandy calcareous marl at the base. Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin Survey Bulletin 25, 48 p. equivalents of the Ogallala Group Ash Hollow, Valentine, and Fort Randall Thickness up to 330 ft (100 m). Sioux Quartzite (Lower Proterozoic) - Pink and reddish to tan, siliceous, Unconformity 29, 39 p. _____1988, Geology and hydrology of Day County, South Formations. Also includes the Thin Elk, Bon Homme, Herrick, Medicine Xs fine- to coarse-grained, iron-stained orthoquartzite with minor Kfh _____1989, Geology of Davison and Hanson Counties, South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 24, 117 p. Root, and "western derived" gravels. Thickness up to 70 ft (21 m). Greenhorn Formation (Upper Cretaceous) - Gray shale, mudstone, metamorphosed conglomerate and mudstone layers. Estimated thickness ; FAULT - Location of fault. Bar and ball on Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 33, 22 p. McCormick, K.A., and Hammond, R.H., 2004, Geology of Lincoln Kg marl, calcarenite, and shaly limestone grading upward into light-gray to greater than 1,000 ft (305 m). downthrown side. Dashed where approximate. Kp Duchossois, G.E., 1993, Geology of Hughes County, South Dakota: and Union Counties, South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Fox Hills Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous) - Bluish-green to green, white tan, alternating marl and thin-bedded, fossiliferous limestone. Thickness Kn South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 36, 42 p. Survey Bulletin 39, 43 p. Kfh to dark-gray, and yellow to tan, carbonaceous and iron-stained, cross- up to 40 ft (12 m). Granite (Upper Archean) - Felsic coarse-grained granite, includes FOLD LINES - Location of fold. Arrow on fold axis Late Gries, J.P., 1939, A structural survey of part of the upper Missouri Petsch, B.C., 1942, The Medicine Butte anticline: South Dakota Kc bedded, very fine- to coarse-grained, glauconitic sandstone and Wgr white, silty clay weathering residuum which grades downward indicates direction of plunge. Dashed where inferred. Ku Cretaceous Valley in South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey Report Geological Survey Report of Investigations 45, 36 p. siltstone. Interbedded with gray and green to brown shale and silty to a pink, white, and gray siltstone. Graneros Shale (Upper Cretaceous) - Dark-gray, noncalcareous, pyritic, Kg of Investigations 31, 46 p. Rothrock, E.P, 1947, Geology of the Missouri Valley and vicinity shale. Thickness up to 200 ft (61 m). _____1940, A structural survey of northeastern Stanley County, near Mobridge: South Dakota Geological Survey Report of Kgr poorly fossiliferous shale, with numerous sandstone layers at the base. F ANTICLINE Kgr Thickness up to 110 ft (36 m). Milbank Granite (Upper Archean) - Pink to dark-red, coarse-grained South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 58, 29 p. Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) - Blue-gray to dark-gray, fissile to Wm granite composed of orthoclase, quartz, and biotite. Kd Early Investigations 34, 64 p. Schroeder, W., 1988, Geology and water resources of Miner Kp blocky shale with persistent beds of bentonite, black organic shale, and Cretaceous M SYNCLINE Unconformity Hammond, R.H., 1991, Geology of Lake and Moody Counties, South County, South Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota light-brown chalky shale. Contains minor sandstone, conglomerate, and Dakota Formation (Upper to Lower Cretaceous) - Light- to reddish-brown, Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 35, 49 p. Geological Survey Bulletin 31, 38 p. Kd Xcd abundant carbonate and ferruginous concretions. Thickness up to medium- to coarse-grained quartz and minor feldspar sandstone grading Early Hedges, L.S., 1968, Geology and water resources of Beadle County, Steece, F.V., and Howells, L.W., 1965, Geology and ground 1,000 ft (305 m). upward to a fine- to medium-grained, quartz and minor feldspar sandstone. Xs Proterozoic South Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota Geological Survey water supplies in Sanborn County, South Dakota: South Contains a middle, gray silty clay unit, and interbeds of gray to dark-gray Unconformity Bulletin 18, 66 p. Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 17, 182 p. Niobrara Formation (Upper Cretaceous) - White to dark-gray argillaceous shale in the upper portion. Thickness up to 450 ft (137 m). _____1972, Geology and water resources of Campbell County, Tomhave, D.W., 1994, Geology of Minnehaha County, South Kn chalk, marl, and shale. Weathers yellow to orange. Contains thin, Wgr South Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota Geological Survey Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 37, 53 p. laterally continuous bentonite beds, chalky carbonaceous shale, minor Late Cretaceous, undifferentiated (Upper to Lower Cretaceous) - Black Wm Archean Bulletin 20, 39 p. _____1997, Geology of Spink County, South Dakota: South sand, and small concretions. Thickness up to 150 ft (46 m). Ku opaline spiculite, gray to black shale, yellow-brown to gray chalk, _____1975, Geology and water resources of Charles Mix and Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 38, 61 p. gray silty clay, and pink quartz-rich sandstone. Includes the Split Rock Douglas Counties, South Dakota; Part I, Geology: South Dakota Wing, M.E., 1938, A structural survey of the Pierre gas field, Creek Formation and other near-shore facies of the Dakota Formation, Geological Survey Bulletin 22, 43 p. South Dakota: South Dakota Geological Survey Report of Graneros Shale, Greenhorn Formation, Carlile Shale, Niobrara Formation, _____1987, Geology of Walworth County, South Dakota: South Investigations 29, 21 p. and Pierre Shale. Thickness up to 400 ft (122 m). Dakota Geological Survey Bulletin 30, 33 p.