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Correlations of the El Paso Formation in Western Texas, Southwestern New Mexico, and Southeastern Arizona Based on Insoluble Residues

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Correlations of the El Paso Formation in Western Texas, Southwestern New Mexico, and Southeastern Arizona Based on Insoluble Residues Correlations of the El Paso formation in western Texas, southwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona based on insoluble residues Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Dickinson, R. G. (Robert G.), 1930- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 02:28:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/551478 CORRELATIONS OF THE EL PASO FORMATION IN WESTERN TEXAS, SOUTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO, AND SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA BASED ON INSOLUBLE RESIDUES by Robert G. Dickinson A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1960 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of require­ ments for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is de­ posited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholar­ ship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: CORRELATIONS OF THE EL PASO FORMATION IN WESTERN TEXAS, SOUTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO, AND SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA BASED ON INSOLUBLE RESIDUES by Robert G. Dickinson ABSTRACT Insoluble residues have been used as a basis for subdividing the El Paso formation into seven zones. Published paleontological data were used, where available, to support the delimitation of the zones. Residues from lower Canadian rocks contain a white to gray smooth chert, whereas overlying Canadian rocks have a chert that is olive brown to black in color. The sandy dolostone beds at the base of the El Paso formation in the Franklin Mountains, Texas, have tentatively been considered to be of Upper Cambrian age. This is based on the Upper Cambrian age of the basal El Paso formation dolostones in the Dos Cabezas Mountains of Arizona, and the lithologic and residue similarities between the two sections. Lower Canadian sediments thin to the east, north, and west ii from the area of the Big Hatchet Mountains of New Mexico, suggesting that in the area a basin of deposition existed which had a structurally stable periphery that received little or no sedimentation. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 Purpose of S tu d y .................................................... 1 Previous W o rk ......................................................................... 2 Localities and Sampling ............................................................ 3 Acknowledgments...................................................................... 4 STRATIGRAPHY ........................................................................................ 6 Resume of Early Paleozoic Geology .............................................. 6 Bolsa Quartzite ............................................................. 8 Abrigo Limestone ............................................................. 9 B liss Sandstone ................................................................................ 10 El Paso Formation ....................................................... 11 INSOLUBLE RESIDUE ZONES OF THE EL PASO FORMATION . 19 Method of Study ................................................................................ 19 Sampling and Treatment of Samples .................................. 19 Sample C lassificatio n ...................................................... 20 Evaluation of Residues........................................................... 25 Correlation Technique ........................... 27 Residue Zones................................................................... 28 Zone 1 .............................................................. 28 Zone 2 ....... 29 Zone 3 ....................................................... 29 Zone 4 ...................... 30 Zone 5 . 31 Zone 6 .................................... 31 Zone 7........................................... 32 Residues From Overlying Form ations ...................................... 32 Relative Value of the R e s id u e s ............................................ 33 iv Page SUGGESTED CORRELATIONS............................................................ 35 REFERENCES C IT E D ............................................................................ 38 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Plate Page I. Correlations of the El Paso formation In western Texas, southwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Arizona Back based on insoluble residues ............. .................... .. of rep o rt II. Ordovician rocks in the Franklin Mountains..................... .... 12 m . Photomicro-stereograph—El Paso formation insoluble residues ...................................... ............................................... 21 IV. Photomicro-stereograph—sponge spicules and druse .... 22 V. Photomicro-stereograph— Big Hatchet Mountains in­ soluble residues ............... ....................................... .. 23 Table - „ Page 1. Comparison of Canadian zones of the El Paso formation ....................................................... 13 v INTRODUCTION Purpose of Study In southwestern New Mexico and western Texas Lower Ordovician argillaceous limestones and dolostones are called the El Paso formation or group. Beds of similar age in southeastern Arizona, near Morenci, are termed the Longfellow limestone, whereas strata to the south in the area of the Chiricahua Mountains are called El Paso formation. Sabins (1957) proposed the name El Paso formation for the strata in the Chiricahua and Dos Cabezas Mountains, even though the lower part of the formation was Upper Cambrian. Epis and Gilbert (1957) extended the name El Paso formation to Lower Ordovician strata in the Swisshelm and Pedregosa Mountains southwest of the Chiricahuas and recognized that the lower part of the formation there was also Upper Cambrian. Kelley and Silver (1952, p. 55) proposed that the Middle and Upper Cambrian Abrigo formation in southeastern Arizona was a homotaxial equivalent of the Lower Ordovician El Paso formation in southeastern New Mexico. This hypothesis was supported by Sabins (1957) and Gillerman (1958). Subsequent to Sabins* report Epis and Gilbert (1957) reported Lower Ordovician strata overlying the Abrigo 2 formation in the Swisshelm Mountains. This discovery seemed to nullify the previous hypothesis that the Abrigo transgressed the Cambrian and Ordovician time boundary to become the El Paso formation in New Mexico. Work by Vanderpool (1950) indicated that the type section of the El Paso formation in the Franklin Mountains, Texas, could be correlated with sections as much as 230 miles east of the Franklin Mountains on the basis of insoluble residues. The writer made an insoluble residue study of the more prom­ inent exposures of the El Paso formation in southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona in order to supplement the stratigraphic data currently known about the El Paso formation. The purpose of the study was (1) to determine what relationships existed between the insoluble residues present in the type section and the Lower Ordovician strata of southeastern Arizona, and (2) to determine if these relationships could be used as a basis for correlation. Previous Work Ordovician rocks were recognized by several early workers in West Texas and New Mexico (Jenny, 1874, p. 26; Richardson, 1904, p. 29; Gordon and Graton, 1906, p. 390-395; and Barton, 1917, p. 31). The age, paleontology, and regional correlations have been discussed by Kirk (1934), Cloud mid Barnes (1946), Kottloski, et al. (1956), and 3 Flower (1958). Gilbert (1875, p. 511-513) was the first to report rocks of Ordovician age in Arizona. Lindgren (1905) recognized Ordovician strata near Morenci and noted similarities between those beds and certain parts of the Abrigo formation of southeastern Arizona and the El Paso formation of southwestern New Mexico. These similarities were also noted by Richardson (1909, p. 4), Ransome (1916, p. 49), and Barton (1925, p. 50-54). The name El Paso formation was ex­ tended to Arizona exposures by Sabins (1957). He supported Kelley and Silver’s (1952) proposed transgressive relationship between the Lower Ordovician New Mexico beds and the Cambrian Abrigo formation in Arizona. The validity of this hypothesis was questioned by Epis and Gilbert (1957) based on their discovery of El Paso formation equivalents that overlay the Cambrian Abrigo formation in the Swisshelm and Pedregosa Mountains. Vanderpool (1950) correlated the El Paso formation with other West Texas sections on the basis of insoluble residues. Localities and Sampling In order to evaluate the insoluble residue method of correla­ tion sections of the El Paso formation were
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