YSI 3682 Zobell Solution

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

YSI 3682 Zobell Solution YSI 3682 Zobell Solution YSI Inc. Chemwatch Hazard Alert Code: 2 Version No: 2.2 Issue Date: 09/27/2018 Safety Data Sheet according to OSHA HazCom Standard (2012) requirements Print Date: 09/27/2018 S.GHS.USA.EN SECTION 1 IDENTIFICATION Product Identifier Product name YSI 3682 Zobell Solution Synonyms 061320, 061321, 061322 Other means of identification Not Available Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Relevant identified uses Calibration of analytical instruments / Reagent. Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party Registered company name YSI Inc. Address 1700/1725 Brannum Ln Yellow Springs OH 45387 United States Telephone (937) 767-7241 Fax Not Available Website www.ysi.com Email [email protected] Emergency phone number Association / Organisation CHEMTREC Emergency telephone numbers (800) 424-9300 Other emergency telephone 011 703-527-3887 numbers SECTION 2 HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION Classification of the substance or mixture CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS Min Max Flammability 0 Toxicity 2 0 = Minimum Body Contact 2 1 = Low Reactivity 0 2 = Moderate Note: The hazard category numbers found in GHS classification in section 2 of this 3 = High Chronic 2 SDSs are NOT to be used to fill in the NFPA 704 diamond. Blue = Health Red = 4 = Extreme Fire Yellow = Reactivity White = Special (Oxidizer or water reactive substances) CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2, Eye Irritation Category 2A, Germ cell mutagenicity Category 2, Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure Classification Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation), Acute Aquatic Hazard Category 2, Chronic Aquatic Hazard Category 3 Label elements Continued... Chemwatch: 9-589134 Page 2 of 12 Issue Date: 09/27/2018 Version No: 2.2 YSI 3682 Zobell Solution Print Date: 09/27/2018 Hazard pictogram(s) SIGNAL WORD WARNING Hazard statement(s) H315 Causes skin irritation. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. H341 Suspected of causing genetic defects. H335 May cause respiratory irritation. H401 Toxic to aquatic life. H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Hazard(s) not otherwise specified Not Applicable Supplementary statement(s) Not Applicable CLP classification (additional) Not Applicable Precautionary statement(s) Prevention P201 Obtain special instructions before use. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P281 Use personal protective equipment as required. P261 Avoid breathing dust/fumes. P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Precautionary statement(s) Response P308+P313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention. P362 Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P312 Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water. P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. Precautionary statement(s) Storage P405 Store locked up. P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. Precautionary statement(s) Disposal P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations. SECTION 3 COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS Substances See section below for composition of Mixtures Mixtures CAS No %[weight] Name 7447-40-7 72-78 potassium chloride 13746-66-2 10-15 potassium ferricyanide(III) 14459-95-1 10-15 potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate SECTION 4 FIRST-AID MEASURES Continued... Chemwatch: 9-589134 Page 3 of 12 Issue Date: 09/27/2018 Version No: 2.2 YSI 3682 Zobell Solution Print Date: 09/27/2018 Description of first aid measures If this product comes in contact with the eyes: Wash out immediately with fresh running water. Eye Contact Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. If skin contact occurs: Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Skin Contact Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). Seek medical attention in event of irritation. If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested. Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures. Inhalation Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay. If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. Observe the patient carefully. Ingestion Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious. Give water to rinse out mouth, then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink. Seek medical advice. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed See Section 11 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed For potassium intoxications: Hyperkalaemia, in patients with abnormal renal function, results from reduced renal excretion following intoxication. The presence of electrocardiographic evidence of hyperkalemia or serum potassium levels exceeding 7.5 mE/L indicates a medical emergency requiring an intravenous line and constant cardiac monitoring. The intravenous ingestion of 5-10 ml of 10% calcium gluconate, in adults, over a 2 minute period antagonises the cardiac and neuromuscular effects. The duration of action is approximately 1 hour. [Ellenhorn and Barceloux: Medical Toxicology] SECTION 5 FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES Extinguishing media Water spray or fog. Foam. Dry chemical powder. BCF (where regulations permit). Carbon dioxide. Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture Fire Incompatibility Avoid contamination with oxidising agents i.e. nitrates, oxidising acids, chlorine bleaches, pool chlorine etc. as ignition may result Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area. Fire Fighting DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot. Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire. Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use. Combustible solid which burns but propagates flame with difficulty; it is estimated that most organic dusts are combustible (circa 70%) - according to the circumstances under which the combustion process occurs, such materials may cause fires and / or dust explosions. Organic powders when finely divided over a range of concentrations regardless of particulate size or shape and suspended in air or some other oxidizing medium may form explosive dust-air mixtures and result in a fire or dust explosion (including secondary explosions). Avoid generating dust, particularly clouds of dust in a confined or unventilated space as dusts may form an explosive mixture with air, and any source of ignition, i.e. flame or spark, will cause fire or explosion. Dust clouds generated by the fine grinding of the solid are a particular hazard; accumulations of fine dust (420 micron or less) may burn rapidly and fiercely if ignited - particles exceeding this limit will generally not form flammable dust clouds; once initiated, however, larger particles up to 1400 microns diameter will contribute to the propagation of an explosion. In the same way as gases and vapours, dusts in the form of a cloud are only ignitable over a range of concentrations; in principle, the concepts of lower explosive limit (LEL) and upper explosive limit (UEL) are applicable to dust clouds but only the LEL is of practical use; - this is because of the inherent difficulty of achieving homogeneous dust clouds at high temperatures (for dusts the LEL is often called the "Minimum Explosible Concentration", MEC). When processed with flammable liquids/vapors/mists,ignitable (hybrid) mixtures may be formed with combustible dusts. Ignitable mixtures will increase Fire/Explosion Hazard the rate of explosion pressure rise and the Minimum Ignition Energy (the minimum amount of energy required to ignite dust clouds - MIE) will be lower than the pure dust in air mixture. The Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) of the vapour/dust mixture will be lower than the individual LELs for the vapors/mists or dusts. A dust explosion may release of large quantities of gaseous products; this in turn creates a subsequent pressure rise of explosive force capable of damaging plant and buildings and injuring people. Usually the initial or primary explosion takes place in
Recommended publications
  • Crystallography of Representative Mofs Based on Pillared Cyanonickelate (PICNIC) Architecture
    crystals Article Crystallography of Representative MOFs Based on Pillared Cyanonickelate (PICNIC) Architecture Winnie Wong-Ng 1,*, Jeffrey T. Culp 2,3 and Yu-Sheng Chen 4 1 Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA 2 National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA; [email protected] 3 AECOM, South Park, PA 15219, USA 4 ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Helmut Cölfen Received: 2 July 2016; Accepted: 22 August 2016; Published: 5 September 2016 Abstract: The pillared layer motif is a commonly used route to porous coordination polymers or metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Materials based on the pillared cyano-bridged architecture, [Ni’(L)Ni(CN)4]n (L = pillar organic ligands), also known as PICNICs, have been shown to be especially diverse where pore size and pore functionality can be varied by the choice of pillar organic ligand. In addition, a number of PICNICs form soft porous structures that show reversible structure transitions during the adsorption and desorption of guests. The structural flexibility in these materials can be affected by relatively minor differences in ligand design, and the physical driving force for variations in host-guest behavior in these materials is still not known. One key to understanding this diversity is a detailed investigation of the crystal structures of both rigid and flexible PICNIC derivatives. This article gives a brief review of flexible MOFs. It also reports the crystal structures of five PICNICS from our laboratories including three 3-D porous frameworks (Ni-Bpene, NI-BpyMe, Ni-BpyNH2), one 2-D layer (Ni-Bpy), and one 1-D chain (Ni-Naph) compound.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,360,712 Olm Et Al
    D US005360712A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,360,712 Olm et al. 45 Date of Patent: Nov. 1, 1994 54 INTERNALLY DOPED SILVER HALIDE 4,981,781 1/1991 McDugle et al. ................... 430/605 EMULSIONS AND PROCESSES FOR THER 5,037,732 8/1991 McDugle et al. ................... 430/567 ARA 5,132,203 7/1992 Bell et al. ............. ... 430/567 PREP TION 5,268,264 12/1993 Marchetti et al. .................. 430/605 75) Inventors: McDugle;Myra T. Olm, Sherrin Webster; A. Puckett, Woodrow both G.of FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Rochester; Traci Y. Kuromoto, West 513748A1 11/1992 European Pat. Off. ... GO3C 7/392 Henrietta; Raymond S. Eachus, Rochester; Eric L. Bell, Wesbter; OTHER PUBLICATIONS Robert D. Wilson, Rochester, all of Research Disclosure, vol. 176, Dec. 1978, Item 17643, N.Y. Section I, subsection A. Research Disclosure, vol. 308, Dec. 1989, Item 308119, 73) Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company, Section, I, subsection D. Rochester, N.Y. 21 Appl. No.: 91,148 Primary Examiner-Janet C. Baxter J. v. V. 19 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Carl O. Thomas 51) Int. Cl................................................. GC/ A process is disclosed of preparing a radiation sensitive 52 U.S.C. .................................... 430/567; 430/569; silver halide emulsion comprising reacting silver and 430/604; 430/605 halide ions in a dispersing medium in the presence of a 58 Field of Search ................ 430/567, 569, 604, 605 metal hexacoordination or tetracoordination complex (56) References Cited having at least one organic ligand containing a least one carbon-to-carbon bond, at least one carbon-to-hydro U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of the Activation Parameters of Reaction Between [Fe(CN6] and K[Co(HEDTA)NO2]." (2009)
    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 12-2009 Determination of the Activation Parameters of -4 Reaction Between [Fe(CN6] and K[Co(HEDTA)NO2]. Sammy Eni Eni East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation -4 Eni Eni, Sammy, "Determination of the Activation Parameters of Reaction Between [Fe(CN6] and K[Co(HEDTA)NO2]." (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 1798. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1798 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. -4 The Determination of the Activation Parameters of Reaction Between [Fe(CN)6] and K[Co(HEDTA)NO2] ________________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of Chemistry East Tennessee State University in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Chemistry ________________________________ by Sammy Eni Eni December 2009 ________________________________ Dr. Jeffrey Wardeska, Chair Dr. Ningfeng Zhao Dr. Yu-Lin Jiang -4 Keywords: Activation parameters, [Fe(CN)6] , K[Co(HEDTA)NO2]. ABSTRACT -4 Determination of the Activation Parameters of Reaction Between [Fe(CN)6] and K[Co(HEDTA)NO2] by Sammy Eni Eni -4 The kinetics of the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6] by K[Co(HEDTA)NO2] was studied in order to get the mechanism and the activation parameters of the reaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Treatment of Cyanide by Using Klebsiella Pneumoniae Species
    450 N.H. AVCIOGLU and I. SEYIS BILKAY: Cyanide Removal with K. pneumoniae, Food Technol. Biotechnol. 54 (4) 450–454 (2016) ISSN 1330-9862 original scientifi c paper doi: 10.17113/ft b.54.04.16.4518 Biological Treatment of Cyanide by Using Klebsiella pneumoniae Species Nermin Hande Avcioglu* and Isil Seyis Bilkay Hacett epe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology (Biotechnology), Beytepe, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey Received: November 8, 2015 Accepted: May 13, 2016 Summary In this study, optimization conditions for cyanide biodegradation by Klebsiella pneu- moniae strain were determined to be 25 °C, pH=7 and 150 rpm at the concentration of 0.5 mM potassium cyanide in the medium. Additionally, it was found that K. pneumoniae strain is not only able to degrade potassium cyanide, but also to degrade potassium hexacyano- ferrate(II) trihydrate and sodium ferrocyanide decahydrate with the effi ciencies of 85 and 87.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, this strain degraded potassium cyanide in the presence of diff erent ions such as magnesium, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, arsenic and zinc, in variable concentrations (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mM) and as a result the amount of the bacteria in the biodegradation media decreased with the increase of ion concentration. Lastly, it was also observed that sterile crude extract of K. pneumoniae strain degraded potassium cya- nide on the fi ft h day of incubation. Based on these results, it is concluded that both culture and sterile crude extract of K. pnemoniae will be used in cyanide removal from diff erent wastes. Key words: Klebsiella pneumoniae, cyanide, biodegradation Introduction alcaligenes (6), Pseudomonas putida (1), Agrobac terium tume- Untreated effl uents of industrial processes are mainly faciens (9), Klebsiella oxytoca (3), Bacillus pumilus (10), Fu- responsible for environmental pollution with various sarium oxysporum (11), Rhizopus oryzae (12) and Trichoderma forms of toxic substances, especially free cyanides and sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Reversibility of Ferri-/Ferrocyanide Redox During Operando Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy
    Reversibility of Ferri-/Ferrocyanide Redox during Operando Soft X-ray Spectroscopy The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Risch, Marcel, Kelsey A. Stoerzinger, Tom Z. Regier, Derek Peak, Sayed Youssef Sayed, and Yang Shao-Horn. “Reversibility of Ferri-/ Ferrocyanide Redox During Operando Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 119, no. 33 (August 20, 2015): 18903–18910. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04609 Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109590 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Reversibility of Ferri-Ferrocyanide Redox During Operando Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy ┴ Marcel Risch,†* Kelsey A. Stoerzinger,§ Tom Z. Regier,‡ Derek Peak,º Sayed Youssef Sayed,† Yang Shao-Horn†§||* †Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139 §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139 ||Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 02139 ‡Canadian Light Source, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 2V3 ºDepartment of Soil Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8 KEYWORDS. Electrochemistry; In-situ; redox shuttle; iron cyanide; X-ray absorption; radiolysis; radiation damage. ABSTRACT The ferri-ferrocyanide redox couple is ubiquitous in many fields of physical chemistry. We studied its photochemical response to intense synchrotron radiation by in-situ X-Ray absorption spectroscopy.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Novel Nanoparticles of Gallium Ferricyanide and Gallium Lawsonate As Potential Anticancer Agents, and Nanoparti
    Investigation of Novel Nanoparticles of Gallium Ferricyanide and Gallium Lawsonate as Potential Anticancer Agents, and Nanoparticles of Novel Bismuth Tetrathiotungstate as Promising CT Contrast Agent A Thesis submitted to Kent State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Liu Yang August 2014 Thesis written by Liu Yang B.S. Kent State University, 2013 M.S. Kent State University, 2014 Approved by ___________________________________, Advisor, Committee member Dr. Songping Huang ___________________________________, Committee member Dr. Scott Bunge ___________________________________, Committee member Dr. Mietek Jaroniec Accepted by ___________________________________, Chair, Department of Chemistry Dr. Michael Tubergen ___________________________________, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Dr. James L. Blank ii Table of Contents List of Figures..…………………………………………………………………........vii Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………….….xi Chapter 1: Summary, Materials and Methods …..……………………………………1 1.1 Materials ………………………………………………………………….3 1.1.1 carboxymethyl reduced polysaccharide (CMRD) preparation….3 1.2 Methods …………………………………………………………………4 1.2.1 Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) …………………………4 1.2.2 Acid base treating method ……………………………………...4 1.2.3 Cell viability study ……………………………………………...5 i) MTT assay…………………………………………………..5 ii) Trypan blue assay ………………………………………….6 1.2.4 Dialysis …………………………………………………………6 1.2.5 Elementary analysis …………………………………………….7 1.2.6 Lyophilization …………………………………………………..7 iii 1.2.7
    [Show full text]
  • MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
    For RICCA, SpectroPure, Red Bird, and Solutions Plus Brands Emergency Contact(24 hr) -- CHEMTREC® Domestic: 800-424-9300 International: 703-527-3887 ZOBELL'S SOLUTION, APHA ORP Solution, and other ORP Standards MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification Catalog Number: 5464.5, 9880, OX-905, PX-918, R5464510, S0932A, SZ117300 Product Identity: ZOBELL'S SOLUTION, APHA ORP Solution, and other ORP Standards Manufacturer's Name: Emergency Contact(24 hr) -- CHEMTREC® RICCA CHEMICAL COMPANY LLC Domestic: 800-424-9300 International: 703-527-3887 CAGE Code: 4TCW6, 0V553, 4XZQ2 Address: Telephone Number For Information: 448 West Fork Dr 817-461-5601 Arlington, TX 76012 Date Prepared: 11/9/98 Revision: 9 Last Revised: 01/24/2014 Date Printed: 03/25/2015 1:19:09 pm Section 2. Composition/Information on Ingredients Component CAS Registry # Concentration ACGIH TLV OSHA PEL < 0.2% (w/v) Not Available Not Available Potassium Ferricyanide 13746-66-2 Not Available Not Available < 0.5% (w/v) Not Available Not Available Potassium Ferrocyanide Trihydrate 14459-95-1 1 (as Fe) mg/m3 Not Available < 1% (w/v) Not Available Not Available Potassium Chloride 7447-40-7 Not Available Not Available Balance Not Available Not Available Water, Deionized 7732-18-5 Not Available Not Available Section 3: Hazard Identification Emergency Overview: Does not present any significant health hazards. Wash areas of contact with water. Target Organs: eyes, skin Eye Contact: May cause slight irritation. Inhalation: Not likely to be hazardous by inhalation. Skin Contact: May cause slight irritation. Ingestion: May cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and cramps.
    [Show full text]
  • The Light Triggered Dissolution of Gold Wires Using Potassium Ferrocyanide T Solutions Enables Cumulative Illumination Sensing ⁎ Weida D
    Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical 282 (2019) 52–59 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/snb The light triggered dissolution of gold wires using potassium ferrocyanide T solutions enables cumulative illumination sensing ⁎ Weida D. Chena, Seung-Kyun Kangb, Wendelin J. Starka, John A. Rogersc,d,e, Robert N. Grassa, a Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland b Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 334141, Republic of Korea c Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA d Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA e Simpson Querrey Institute for Nano/Biotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Electronic systems with on-demand dissolution or destruction capabilities offer unusual opportunities in hard- Photochemistry ware-oriented security devices, advanced military spying and controlled biological treatment. Here, the dis- Cyanide solution chemistry of gold, generally known as inert metal, in potassium ferricyanide and potassium ferrocya- Sensor nide solutions has been investigated upon light exposure. While a pure aqueous solution of potassium Conductors ferricyanide–K3[Fe(CN)6] does not dissolve gold, an aqueous solution of potassium ferrocyanide–K4[Fe(CN)6] Diffusion limitation irradiated with ambient light is able to completely dissolve a gold electrode within several minutes. Photo Devices activation and dissolution kinetics were assessed at different initial pH values, light irradiation intensities and ferrocyanide concentrations.
    [Show full text]
  • Long-Term Ferrocyanide Application Via Deicing Salts Promotes the Establishment of Actinomycetales Assimilating Ferrocyanide-Derived Carbon in Soil
    bs_bs_banner Long-term ferrocyanide application via deicing salts promotes the establishment of Actinomycetales assimilating ferrocyanide-derived carbon in soil Silvia Gschwendtner,1 Tim Mansfeldt,2 soils, belonging mostly to Actinomycetales Susanne Kublik,1 Evangelia Touliari,1 (Kineosporia, Mycobacterium, Micromonosporaceae). Franz Buegger3 and Michael Schloter1,* In the soil without pre-exposition, bacteria belonging 1Research Unit Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz to Acidobacteria (Gp3, Gp4, Gp6), Gemmatimonade- Zentrum Munchen,€ German Research Center for tes (Gemmatimonas)andGammaproteobacteria Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstadter€ Landstraße 1, (Thermomonas, Xanthomonadaceae)usedferro- Neuherberg 85764, Germany. cyanide as C source but not the present Actinomyc- 2Department Geowissenschaften, Bodengeographie/ etales. This indicated that (i) various bacteria are able Bodenkunde, Universitat€ zu Koln,€ Albertus-Magnus- to assimilate ferrocyanide-derived C and (ii) long-term Platz, Koln€ 50923, Germany. exposition to ferrocyanide applied with deicing salts 3Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz leads to Actinomycetales outcompeting other microor- Zentrum Munchen,€ German Research Center for ganisms for the use of ferrocyanide as C source. Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstadter€ Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany. Introduction Cyanide is produced by various organisms including Summary bacteria, algae, fungi and higher plants as defence Cyanides are highly toxic and produced by various mechanism or offensive strategy (Møller and Seigler, microorganisms as defence strategy or to increase 1998; Gallagher and Manoil, 2001; Zagrobelny et al., their competitiveness. As degradation is the most 2008) and consequently occurs naturally at low levels in efficient way of detoxification, some microbes devel- the environment. However, it is highly toxic for living oped the capability to use cyanides as carbon and organisms by complexing metalloproteins, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Problems 14, 15, 16, 19, 22, 24, and 25 in Dekock and Gray, Pages 411–414. 14. “All Octahedral Complexes of V3+ Have The
    Problems 14, 15, 16, 19, 22, 24, and 25 in DeKock and Gray, pages 411–414. 14. “All octahedral complexes of V3+ have the same number of unpaired electrons, no matter what the nature of the ligand. Why is this so?” V3+ has a d2 electron configuration; in an octahedral ligand environment, regardless of the type of ligand interactions, the lowest energy orbitals are the triply degenerate 2 t2g orbitals. A d octahedral metal complex will always have 2 unpaired electrons. For the same reason, octahedral d1, d3, d8, d9, and d10 also only have one possible electronic configuration. 15. “How does the molecular-orbital theory account for the order of ligands in the spectrochemical series.” The spectrochemical series (courtesy of Wikipedia): I− < Br− < S2− < SCN− < Cl− < − − − − 2− − NO3 < N3 < F < OH < C2O4 ≈ H2O < NCS < CH3CN < pyridine < NH3 < − − ethylenediamine < 2,2'-bipyridine < 1,10-phenanthroline < NO2 < PPh3 < CN ≈ CO. This series can be explained by the type of π interactions on the ligands. The ligands with the smallest octahedral splitting will be π-donors (i.e. I-, Br-, etc) who will bond with the t2g orbitals on the metal, raising it in energy, thus decreasing the - t2g eg splitting. Similarly, π-acceptors (i.e. CN , CO, etc) will have the largest octahedral splitting energy as the t2g orbitals on the metal now become bonding and decrease in energy. The ligands in the middle of the series have little π-interaction with the metal and therefore the t2g remain nonbonding. 3- 4- 16. “Explain why Co(CN)6 is extremely stable but Co(CN)6 is not.” 3- 6 6 4- 7 6 1 Co(CN)6 is low spin d , therefore t2g , while Co(CN)6 is low spin d , t2g eg* .
    [Show full text]
  • In Partial Fulfullment of the Requirements for the Degree Of
    DETERMINATION OF LOW LEVEL HYDROCYANIC ACID IN SOLUTION USING GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY by CARL RUDOLPH SCHNEIDER A THESIS submitted to OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY in partial fulfullment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OP PHILOSOPHY June 1962 APPROVED: Redacted for privacy mmm>*m Professor of/Chemistry In Charge of Major Redacted for privacy • ij Chairman of Departmentof Chemistry Redacted for privacy Chairman of ^ienool Graduate Committee' Redacted for privacy Dean of Graduate School-' Date thesis is presented /•hr- Typed by Linda S. Walker ACKNOWLEDGMENT I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Harry Preund for his advice and encouragement during the investigations described in this thesis. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ...,....,,,...*... 1 THEORY AND DISCUSSION 1 APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM 14 EXPERIMENTAL , 34 Apparatus for Distribution and Concentration • . ..... 34 Apparatus for Readout ........... 41 Preparation of Standards ......... 43 Procedure for Distribution and Concentration 44 Procedure for Readout 46 Standard Curves and Determination of Concentration Efficiency 47 Effect of Ionic Strength 53 Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Air . 55 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 63 Correction For HCN Loss 63 Analysis of Synthetic Unknowns 63 Interferences 65 Application to Metal-Cyanide Systems .... 66 Unknowns 71 CONCLUSIONS 72 BIBLIOGRAPHY 75 APPENDIX 78 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page I 15 II 25 III 35 IV 36 V 38 VI 39 VII 40 VIII 42 IX . 48 X 49 XI 73 XII 89 XIII 13-5 LIST OF TABLES Table Page I 19 II 20 III 33 IV 50 V 52 VI 54 VII 58 VIII 61 IX 64 X 67 XI 69 XII 70 XIII 74 DETERMINATION OF LOW LEVEL HYDROCYANIC ACID IN SOLUTION USING GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION Doudoroff (8) has presented indirect evidence that the toxicity to fish of systems containing heavy-metal cyanides is due primarily to molecular hydrocyanic acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Pp-03-25-New Dots.Qxd 10/23/02 2:41 PM Page 611
    pp-03-25-new dots.qxd 10/23/02 2:41 PM Page 611 NICKEL CARBONATE 611 NICKEL CARBONATE [3333-67-3] Formula: NiCO3; MW 118.72 Two basic carbonates are known. They are 2NiCO3•3Ni(OH)2•4H2O [29863- 10-3], and NiCO3•2Ni(OH)2 [12607-70-4], MW 304.17. The second form occurs in nature as a tetrahydrate, mineral, zaratite. Commercial nickel car- bonate is usually the basic salt, 2NiCO3•3Ni(OH)2•4H2O. Uses Nickel carbonate is used to prepare nickel catalysts and several specialty compounds of nickel. It also is used as a neutralizing agent in nickel plating solutions. Other applications are in coloring glass and in the manufacture of ceramic pigments. Physical Properties NiCO3: Light green rhombohedral crystals; decomposes on heating; practi- cally insoluble in water, 93 mg/L at 25°C; dissolves in acids. 2NiCO3•3Ni(OH)2•4H2O: Light green crystals or brown powder; decom- poses on heating; insoluble in water; decomposes in hot water; soluble in acids and in ammonium salts solutions. Zaratite: Emerald greed cubic crystals; density 2.6 g/cm3; insoluble in water; soluble in ammonia and dilute acids. Thermochemical Properties ∆Ηƒ° (NiCO3) –140.6 kcal/mol Preparation Anhydrous nickel carbonate is produced as a precipitate when calcium car- bonate is heated with a solution of nickel chloride in a sealed tube at 150°C. Alternatively, treating nickel powder with ammonia and carbon dioxide fol- lowed by boiling off ammonia yields pure carbonate. When sodium carbonate is added to a solution of Ni(II) salts, basic nickel carbonate precipitates out in impure form.
    [Show full text]