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Japanese Electric Utilities' Efforts for Global Warming Issues

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Japanese Electric Utilities' Efforts for Global Warming Issues 9:00 on April 18, 2011 Concerning the Fukushima Daiichi NPP Accident Caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster The Federation of Electric Power Companies 電気事業連合会 The Federation of Electric Power Companies 1 We offer our sincerest condolences to all the people who were caught up in the Eastern Japan Earthquake Disaster on March 11. We are extremely aware of the serious concerns and difficulties caused by the accident at TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and the consequent release of radioactive material, both for those living nearby and the wider public. We most deeply apologize for this situation. Working with the support of the Japanese Government and related agencies, TEPCO is making the utmost effort to prevent the situation from deteriorating, and the electricity industry as a whole is committing all its resources, including vehicles, equipment and manpower, toward resolving the situation. 電気事業連合会 The Federation of Electric Power Companies 2 Outline of the Tohoku-Pacific Ocean Earthquake Date of occurrence: 14:46 on Friday, March 11, 2011 Epicenter: Offshore Sanriku (38ºN, 142.9ºE), Depth of hypocenter: 24 km (tentative value), Magnitude: 9.0 (The largest in recorded history (130 years) in Japan. The U.S. Geological Survey Office placed the quake as the 4th largest in the world since 1900. ) Hypocenter and seismic intensity Seismic intensity Press release at 14:53 on March 11, 2011 7: Kurihara city, Miyagi prefecture Upper 6: Hitachi city, Ibaraki prefecture, Naraha- cho, Nuclear reprocessing Tomioka-cho, Okuma-machi, Futaba-cho, Fukushima facilities prefecture, Natori city, Miyagi prefecture, etc. Lower 6: Ofunato city, Ishinomaki city, Onagawa-cho, Miyagi prefecture, Tokai village, Ibaraki prefecture, etc. Hypocenter Upper 5: Miyako city, Iwate prefecture, Fukushima city, Fukushima prefecture, Taihaku ward, Sendai city, Miyagi Fukushima NPP prefecture Epicenter Seismic Upper 6 Lower 6 Upper 5 Lower 5 Lower 5: Kuji city, Iwate prefecture, Kariiwa village, Legend Intensity 7 Niigata prefecture 4 3 2 1 4: Rokkasho village and Higashidori village, Aomori prefecture, Kashiwazaki city, Niigata prefecture, Tadami- cho, Fukushima prefecture 電気事業連合会 The Federation of Electric Power Companies 3 Current Status of NPPs Affected by the Earthquake Tohoku Electric Higashidori NPP ◎ Cold shutdown (with cooling water Unit 1 below 100ºC) □ ▲ Hot shutdown □ Reactor shutdown for outage JNFL reprocessing plant: no significant event Numbers in parentheses show the time of cold shutdown. Tohoku Electric Onagawa NPP Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 *Cooling water temperature was 100ºC because the units had just been started up. ◎( 0:58 on Mar. 12) ◎(*) ◎ (1:17 on Mar. 12) Tokyo Electric Fukushima Daiichi NPP Radius of 20-30 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 km: Staying indoors ▲ ▲ ▲ □ ◎ (14:35 on Mar. 20) ◎ (19:27 on Mar. 20) Within 20 km radius: Tokyo Electric Fukushima Daini NPP evacuation Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 ◎ (17:00 on Mar. 14) ◎ (18:00 on Mar. 14) ◎ (12:15 on Mar. 12) ◎ (7:15 on Mar. 15) JAPC Tokai II NPP ◎ (0:40 on Mar. 15) 電気事業連合会 The Federation of Electric Power Companies 4 Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPP Control rods were inserted to shut the reactor down following signals received from seismometers. The operating plant automatically shutdown, which means the shutdown function worked. The loss of cooling function at units 1, 2 and 3 caused the temperature and pressure inside the reactor pressure vessel to rise, leading to a release of radioactive materials from the reactor. Cool down Reactor building Spent fuel pool Containment vessel Cool the reactor water to maintain the temperature from 30 ℃ to× 40℃. Reactor pressure vessel 燃料 Loss of power to the Containment pumps used to circulate Prevent radioactive materials from water to cool the reactor being released outside the reactor coolant resulted in the building× by five-layer wall. loss of the cooling Suppression pool function. A hydrogen explosion blew off upside of the reactor building, resulting in the partial loss of the Shutdown Control rods containment function. Shut down the reactor by Heat exchanger Fuel inserting all control rods to Residual heat removal system pump Sea water pump prevent neutrons○ from causing nuclear fission. Sea 電気事業連合会 The Federation of Electric Power Companies 5 Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPP（Unit 1 & 2） Last Update; 9:00 April 18 Mar.11 14:46 Scram ・A hydrogen explosion blew ・Injecting freshwater by the pumper trucks 15:42 All power sources failed off upside of the reactor 16:36 ECCS stopped (batteries exhausted) building Mar. 12 1:20 CV pressure rose abnormally. ・The Reactor condition is 10:17 Venting commenced stable 15:36 A hydrogen explosion occurred ・Continuing freshwater 燃料 injection by a temporary 20:20 Injection of seawater and boric acid electric-driven pump into the reactor commenced → Injection of freshwater instead of ・The Containment Vessel is seawater commenced on Mar. 25 not damaged. * → A temporary electric pump was installed on Mar. 29. ・External power was restored. Mar. 24 Lighting in the control room was restored (Checking integrity of Apr. 6 Nitrogen injection into CV commenced machinery) Leaked water is being transferred from the turbine building and the trench. Unit 1 ＊Highly contaminated water was detected in the turbine. Mar.11 14:46 Scram 15:42 All power sources failed ・The reactor building remains 16:36 ECCS stopped (batteries exhausted) ・Continuing freshwater injection by a sound Mar. 13 11:00 Venting commenced temporary electric-driven pump Mar. 14 16:34 Injection of seawater commenced ・The Reactor condition is → Injection of freshwater instead of stable seawater commenced on Mar. 26 ・Continuing freshwater → A temporary electric pump was installed injection by a temporary on Mar.27. 燃料 electric-driven pump 22:50 CV pressure rose abnormally. Mar. 15 0:02 Venting commenced ・An explosion sound was 6:10 An explosion sound was observed observed (Suppression (Suppression chamber damage is chamber damage is suspected). Mar. 22 Injection of seawater into spent fuel pool suspected). commenced ・External power was restored. →Injection of freshwater by a temporary electric pump commenced on Mar. 29. (Checking integrity of Mar. 26 Lighting in the control room restored machinery) Apr. 2 Water leak was found at a pit near by the Unit 2 seawater intake → Sealed up on Apr. 6 Leaked water is being transferred from the turbine building and the trench. 電気事業連合会 The Federation of Electric Power Companies 6 Current Status of Fukushima Daiichi NPP（Unit 3 & 4） Last Update; 9:00 April 18 ・A hydrogen explosion Mar.11 14:46 Scram ・Injecting freshwater by the pumper trucks damaged the reactor building 15:42 All power sources failed Mar. 12 20:41 Venting commenced Mar. 13 5:10 ECCS stopped (batteries exhausted) ・The Reactor condition is 8:41 Venting commenced stable 13:12 Injection of seawater and boric acid into the reactor commenced 燃料 ・Continuing freshwater injection by a temporary → Injection of freshwater instead of electric-driven pump seawater commenced on Mar. 25 → A temporary electric pump was installed ・The Containment Vessel is on Mar. 28. not damaged (estimation) → The pump got an external power source. Mar. 14 5:20 Venting commenced 7:44 CV pressure rose abnormally ・External power was restored. 11:01 A hydrogen explosion occurred (Checking integrity of Mar. 22 Lighting in the control room was restored machinery) Mar. 23 Injection of freshwater into spent fuel pool commenced Unit 3 Black smoke was observed. Leaked water is being transferred from the turbine building and the trench. ＊Highly contaminated water was detected in the turbine. ・Injecting freshwater by the pumper trucks ・The reactor building damaged Mar. 15 The reactor building wall was partially damaged A fire occurred on the 3rd floor of the reactor building * The reactor contains no fuel Mar.16 A fire was observed again 燃料 ・The CV is not damaged ・External power was restored. (Checking integrity of machinery) Unit 4 電気事業連合会 The Federation of Electric Power Companies 7 Roadmap for Immediate Actions（Issues / Targets / Major Countermeasures） Current Status STEP1 STEP2 Mid-term Issues Stable cooling ( Cold shutdown Injecting fresh Injecting condition )Reactor 1 Nitrogen gas injection water （Unit 1・3) Flooding up to top of active fuel Prevention of breakage of Examination and implementation of structural materials, etc. I. Cooling heat exchange function (Unit2) Sealing the damaged location Flooding up to top of active fuel （２ Stable cooling ） Injecting fresh More stable More stable Spent Fuel Pool Enhance reliability of water injection Remote control of water injection cooling water Examination and implementation of Restore coolant circulation system heat exchange function Removal of fuels (Unit4)Install supporting structure place Secure storage ( contaminated water 3 )Accumulated Transferring Expansion of storage / processing Installation of storage / processing facilities Decrease Water water with high facilities radiation level Decontamination / Installation of fuel-fledged water Desalt processing (reuse), etc. treatment facilities II. Mitigation Storing water with Installation of storage facilities / low radiation level decontamination processing （４ ） Dispersion of inhibitor Atmosphere/ Soil Removal of debris Installation of reactor building Installing reactor building cover cover (container with concrete) Solidification of contaminated soil, etc. Decontamination III. Monitoring/ ( ５ Announcement Reduction and and Reduction )Measurement,
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