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09 Chapter 3.Pdf
CHAPTER - III POLITICAL CONDITIONS 51 CHAPTER III POLITICAL CONDITIONS 'he geo-physical system of the Cuddapah region (oift l^ned in the previous chapter) played a major role in the rise of 'regional powers'. This chapter is divi ded into two sections: the first section deals with the dynastic history from A.D,1300 to 1565; and the second section with the political developmerts during the post- Vijayanagara period, i.e. A.D.1300 to 1800. The dynastic history of the Cuddapah region discussed here is rather conventional- It only shows the imperial or central power politics within the region. The involvement and the role of local or regional power politics is often undermined by the conventional historians. Many of the historians who had reconstructed the dynanstic history of the Kakatiyas, Kayasthas, Vijayanagara etc., who held sway over the Cuddapah region, were mainly interested in identifying the genealogy, the chronology and the political activities in terms of conquests and political expansion of the rulers. Following the conventional model, this chapter gives a background of the different dynasties that ruled this region starting from the decline of the Kakatiyas to the fall of Palegars, i.e. A,D.1300 to 1800. The political developments that are traced in this chapter are useful for evaluating the nature of State during the period under study. Though this chapter highlights only 52 the central power politics in the region, the linkages of the local and supra-local powers with the central power determines the nature of State formation. Hence, in the preceding chapters an attempt Is made to study the linkages within the multi-centred power structure. -
Vijayanagar and Bahmani Empire
www.gradeup.co Vijayanagar and Bahmani Empire Vijaynagar Kingdoms The Sangama Dynasty • During the period of disintegrating North India, Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdoms gave long periods of stability in the Deccan region south of Vindhyas Year Ruler Significance 1336 – 1356 Haihara I Laid the foundations of Vijayanagar empire Strengthened the city of Vidyanagar and 1356 – 1379 Bukka I renamed it to Vijaynagar 1379 – 1404 Harihara II Son of Bukka I www.gradeup.co 1) Built a dam across Tungabadhra 2) Nicolo de Conti visited Vijaynagar 1406 – 1422 Deva Raya I 3) Induction of Muslim cavalrymen and archers in army begun 1) He was called Praudh Deva Raya 2) His inscriptions have the title Gajabetekara 1423 – 1446 Deva Raya II 3) Dindima was the court poet 4) Abdur Razzak, Persian Traveler, envoy of Sharukh visited Vijaynagar • Sangama dynasty was founded by Harihara and Bukka, who were the feudatories of Kakatiyas of Warangal in 1336. The Suluva Dynasty Year Ruler Significance 1486 – 1491 Suluva Narashima Founder of Suluva dynasty 1491 Tirumal Narasimha Minor during the reign of Narasa Nayaka Vasco-da-Gama landed in Calicut during 1491 – 1505 Immadi Narashima his reign The Tuluva dynasty Year Ruler Significance Son of Narasa Nayaka, became the King 1505 – 1509 Vira Narashima after assassinating Immadi Narashima 1) He re-established the internal law and order situation and restored the old territories of Vijayanagar which were usurped by other powers. 2) Architecture: he built the Vijay Mahal, Vithal swami temple and Hazara Mahal. 3) Foreign Travelers: Duarte Barbosa and 1509 – 1529 Krishna Deva Raya Dominigo Paes were Portuguese travellers who visited Vijayanagar empire. -
Short Studies in Indian History the VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE
1 Short Studies In Indian History The VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE by Dewan Bahadur C. S. Srinivasachari, M.A. THE NATIONAL INFORMATION & PUBLICATION Ltd. BOMBAY 2 This was first Prlnted and Published in 1950by Kusum Nair for The National Information & Publcations Ltd., 6, Tulloch Road, Apollo Bunder. Bombay 1, at their own Press at the same address. It is being brought back to e-book format in memory of Prof.C.S.Srinivasachari by VenuGopalaswamy Educational Trust ( VGET ) – Hosur , Tamilnadu, India in 2011 The great Vijayanagar empire existed in full vigour for the best part of three centuries from its foundation in 1336 A.D. It was the chief instrument for the preservation of the political independence from Muslim aggression and for the natural and unfettered development of South Indian culture in all its phases. The greatness of the kingdom can easily be gauged from the magnificence and wealth of its capital, the city of Vijayanagar, which is testified to by the travellers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the ruins of which even now excite our admiration by their grandeur and extensiveness. This empire and its wealth of output remained totally unknown till about half a century ago. Since then the researches of scholars have brought forth a wonderful harvest of history which is attempted to be reflected in a small compass in this booklet. Dewan Bahadur Professor C. S. Srinivasachari, M.A., is the author of another booklet in this series, entitled Social and Religious Movements in the Nineteenth Century. Contents : 1. FOUNDATIONS AND BEGINNINGS - THE SANGAM DYNASTY............ 3 - 10 2. -
Vedic Religion Is Unclear
HISTORY UGC NET/SET/JRF (Paper II and III) Amitava Chatterjee Delhi Chennai No part of this eBook may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the publisher’s prior written consent. Copyright © 2014 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. This eBook may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. The publisher reserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time. ISBN: 9789332520622 e-ISBN: 9789332537040 First Impression Head Office: 7th Floor, Knowledge Boulevard, A-8(A) Sector 62, Noida 201 309, India. Registered Office: 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India. In fond memories of Dada and Mamoni About the Author "NJUBWB$IBUUFSKFF faculty of history at Ramsaday College, Howrah and guest faculty at Rabindra Bharati University, Kolkata is a Charles Wallace Fellow (UK, 2012). He has teaching experience of over 12 years. He has completed two UGC sponsored Minor Research Projects titled ‘Sports History in Bengal: A microcosmic study’ and ‘ Evolution of Women’s Sporting Culture in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Bengal.’ He has edited two books 1FPQMFBU-BSHF1PQVMBS$VMUVSFJO.PEFSO #FOHBMand1FPQMFBU1MBZ4QPSU $VMUVSFBOE/BUJPOBMJTNandwritten extensively in reputed national and international journals such as 4PDDFS 4PDJFUZ(Routledge), 4QPSUJO4PDJFUZ Routledge)*OUFSOBUJPOBM+PVS OBMPG)JTUPSZPG4QPSU $BMDVUUB)JTUPSJDBM+PVSOBM+PVSOBMPG)JTUPSZ to name a few. He is also a guest editor of 4QPSUJO4PDJFUZand referee of 4PDDFS4PDJFUZ(Routledge). Some of his books include #IBSBU07JTIXBand *UJIBTFS"MPLF&VSPQFS3VQBOUBSpublished by Pearson Education. His area of interest is sports history and his thrust research area is the evolution of sporting culture in colonial Bengal. -
KSEEB Class 9 Social Science Part 1 Textbook
Government of Karnataka SOCIAL SCIENCE (Revised) Part-I 9th NINTH STANDARD (ENGLISH MEDIUM) Karnataka Textbook Society (R.) 100 Feet Ring Road, Banashankari 3rd Stage, Bengaluru - 85 I PREFACE The Textbook Society, Karnataka has been engaged in producing new textbooks according to the new syllabi which in turn are designed on NCF – 2005 since June 2010. Textbooks are prepared in 12 languages; seven of them serve as the media of instruction. From standard 1 to 4 there is the EVS, mathematics and 5th to 10th there are three core subjects namely mathematics, science and social science. NCF – 2005 has a number of special features and they are: • connecting knowledge to life activities • learning to shift from rote methods • enriching the curriculum beyond textbooks • learning experiences for the construction of knowledge • making examinations flexible and integrating them with classroom experiences • caring concerns within the democratic policy of the country • making education relevant to the present and future needs. • softening the subject boundaries- integrated knowledge and the joy of learning. • the child is the constructor of knowledge The new books are produced based on three fundamental approaches namely. Constructive approach, Spiral Approach and Integrated approach The learner is encouraged to think, engage in activities, master skills and competencies. The materials presented in these books are integrated with values. The new books are not examination oriented in their nature. On the other hand they help the learner in the all round development of his/her personality, thus help him/her become a healthy member of a healthy society and a productive citizen of this great country, India. -
Krishnadevaraya and His Political Theory of Vijayanagara
A new imperial idiom in the sixteenth century: Krishnadevaraya and his political theory of Vijayanagara Velcheru Narayana Rao David Shulman Sanjay Subrahmanyam Introduction The 1510s were a busy time – though perhaps not unusually so -- in the military life of the Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya (r. 1509-1529).1 The early years of his reign had seen this ruler, son of the great Tuluva warlord Narasa Nayaka, and his younger wife Nagaladevi, preoccupied first with wars to the north, and then in campaigns to the south-east against the Sambuvarayars. But from about 1514, a series of campaigns took him to the distant north-east, where he managed to extend his domains considerably, as far as the Godavari river and its delta. Inscriptions such as an entire series on the second prākāra of the Tirumalai temple inform us that this ruler, described by an elaborate title which includes the interesting epithet Yavanarājya-sthāpanācārya – ‘the lord who established the kingdom of the Muslims’ – set out in about 1514 from his capital of Vijayanagara on ‘an eastern expedition’, and went on to capture not only Udayagiri, but such centres as Addanki, Vinukonda and Nagarjunakonda, to say nothing of the great fort of Kondavidu, where we learn that he ‘laid siege to it, erected square sheds around the fort, demolished the rampart walls, occupied the citadel [and] captured alive Virabhadraraya, son of Prataparudra Gajapatideva’.2 He then made further substantial inroads into the kingdom of the Gajapati rulers of Orissa, captured a number of members of the Gajapati family as well as subordinate rulers (pātra-sāmantas and manneyars), but released them and having given them ‘an assurance of safety for their lives’, eventually returned to the city of Vijayanagara. -
The Southern Dynasties Study Materials
The Southern Dynasties Study Materials THE SOUTHERN DYNASTIES When Gupta disintegration was complete, the classical patterns of civilization continued to thrive not only in the middle Ganga valley and the kingdoms that emerged on the heels of Gupta demise hut also in the Deccan and in South India, which acquired a more prominent place in history. In fact, from the mid-seventh to mid-thirteenth centuries, regionalism was the dominant theme of the political or dynastic history of South Asia. Three features commonly characterised the socio-political realities of this period. First, the spread of Brahmanical religions was a two-way process in looking the Sanskritisation of local cults and localisation of the Brahmanical social order. Second, the ascendancy of the Brahmin priestly and land owning groups that later dominated regional institutions and political developments. Third, because of the see-sawing ofnumerous dynasties that had a remarkable nbiliiy to survive perennial military attacks, regional kingdoms faced frequent defeats but seldom total annihilation. Peninsulur India was involved in an eighth Centurytripartite power struggle among the Pallavas (AD 300-888) of Kunchipuratn, the Chalukyas (AD 550-642) of Vatapi and the Pandyas (seventh through tenth centuries) of Madurai. The Chalukya rulers were overthrown by their subordinates, the Rashtrakutas. who ruled from AD757to 973. THE SHATHAVAHANAS (230 BC TO AD 225) The Shathavahtmar (also known as the Andhras) are considered to be among the earliest rulers of the Deccan. They gained independence alter the death of Ashoka in 232 BC; they consolidated their empire und made Pruthistana their capital. Simukha was their founder and was a subordinate of the Mauryan Empire. -
The Temple of Lord Varadaraja Kanchi
IK IM 01NM VJUUOiMM, KMKHI (A critical Survey of Dr. K. V. RAMAN’S “Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi”) By R. VAR ADA TATACHARYA, b.a., Foreword by Dr. V. VARADACHARYA, m.a., Ph.D., Retired Reader in Sanskrit, S. V. University College, Tirupati. PUBLISHED BY SRI TATADESIKA TIRUVAMSASTAR SABHA KANCHI. T.C.SHRINIVAASAN. M.A.B.L. ADVOCATE 7/16, Second Main Road, A.V.M.Avenue, Virugambakkam, Chennai • 600 092. The Chief Deity (Mulavar), Utsavar & Other Beras In the Main Shrine (Garbagraham) Sri Perundevi Tayar (Mulavar & Utsavar) THE TEMPLE Of LORD V1R1IMIUM, MM. (A critical Survey of Dr. K. V. RAMAN’S “Sri Varadarajaswami Temple, Kanchi”) By R. VARADA TATACHARYA, b.a., Foreword by Dr. V. VARADACHARYA, m.a., Ph.D., Retired Reader in Sanskrit, S. V. University College, Tirupati. T.C.SHRINIVAASAN. M.A.B.L. ADVOCATE 7/16, Second Main Road, A.V.M.Avenue, Virugambakkam, Chennai • 600 092. PUBLISHED BY SRI TATADESIKA TIRUVAMSASTAR SABHA KANCHI. First Edition — 1978 Price: Rs. 40/- Printed at Super Power Press, Madras-600 001 ^l(!5U>a>(6$ib $0ai0®rcQ#6fr«rjiSlft)ib ^0^DU>u96OlT61DlDlL|(ipjD61Jlb ^|6TTUUlfluJ 6U ly.SU q* Srlb a&0iDU>jPuu6Tf)uuCT)iouL|ib «60aatflsoir«i!OT)« ifilrinp ^|06tr6U9^nr rSia50uSl60«rflA^|ibQu6OTr5rr6crifflipi56^<S6W. DEDICATION Invoking the Blessings of Lord Varadaraja and His Consort, this work is dedicated to our eminent Acharya Sri Lakshmi Kumara Tatadesika, the Sri Karya-durandara of Temples and the Royal-preceptor of the Vijayanagar monarchs, who is deified in the Temple along with his Consort• CONTENTS Page 1. “ Foreword ” — by Dr. -
Unit 4 Vijayanagar and DECCAN STATES*
Provincial Kingdoms UNIT 4 VIJAYANAGAR AND DECCAN STATES* Structure 4.0 Objectives 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Geographical Setting of South India 4.3 Establishment and Consolidation of the Vijaynagar Empire 4.3.1 Early Phase, 1336-1509 4.3.2 Krishnadeva Raya, 1509-1529 4.3.3 Period of Instability, 1529-1542 4.3.4 The Portuguese 4.3.5 Vijaynagar’s Relations with the Deep South 4.3.6 The Deccan Muslim States 4.4 Religion and Politics under the Vijaynagar Empire 4.4.1 Ritual Kingship 4.4.2 Political Role of the Brahmans 4.4.3 Relationship between Kings, Sects and Temples 4.5 Local Administration under the Vijaynagar Empire 4.5.1 The Nayankara System 4.5.2 The Ayagar System 4.5.3 Land and Income Rights 4.5.4 Economic Role of Temples 4.6 Nature of the Vijaynagar State 4.7 Rise of the Nayak Kingdoms 4.8 Rise of the Bahmani Power 4.9 Conflict between the Afaqis and the Dakhnis and their Relations with the King 4.10 Central and Provincial Administration under the Bahmani Kingdom 4.11 Army Organization under the Bahmani Kingdom 4.12 Political Formations in the Deccan 4.13 Summary 4.14 Keywords 4.15 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 4.16 Suggested Readings 4.17 Instructional Video Recommendations * Dr. Sangeeta Pandey and Prof. Abha Singh, School of Social Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi. The present Unit is taken from IGNOU Course EHI-03: India: From 8th to 15th Century, Block 7, Units 27 & 28, and EHI-04: India from 16th to mid-18th Century, Block 1, Unit 3. -
(Hyderabad) Civilsprep.Com
MEDIEVAL INDIA PREVIOUS YEAR www.laex.in 9141 21 29 29 / 9121 44 29 29 (Bangalore) Civilsprep.com 9052 29 29 29 / 9052 49 29 29 (Hyderabad) Medieval History Upsc Previous Year Questions www.laexias.com https://elearn.laex.in m Medieval History Upsc Previous Year Questions 1. Feudalism 01 - 01 2. Early medieval period 750 to 1200 AD(tripartite struggle) 01 - 02 3. Early medieval period 750 to 1200 AD(ruler of South India) 02 - 04 4. Delhi Sultanate 04 - 08 5. Regional Kingdom 08 - 10 6. Vijayanagar Kingdom 10- 13 7. Bahmani Kingdom 13 - 14 8. Bhakti and Sufi movement 14 - 19 9. Mughal Empire 21 - 27 10. Maratha Empire 27 - 28 11. Miscellaneous topics 28 - 31 www.laexias.com https://elearn.laex.in m Medieval History Upsc Previous Year Questions Medieval History Previous Year Questions 1. Feudalism 5) The fragmentation of political authority. 1. With reference to Indian history, Educational objective: to know about which of the following are the impact feudalism. essential clement/elements of the feudal system? 2. Early medieval period 750 to 1200 1) A very strong centralized political AD (tripartite struggle) authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority 1. Who among the following laid 2) Emergence of administrative foundation of Rashtrakuta structure based on control and Empire? possession of land a) Amoghavarsha I 3) Creation of lord-vassal relationship b) Dantidurga between the feudal lord and his c) Dhruva overlord d) Krishna I Select the correct answer using the code given below. 2. Consider the following statements: a) l and 2 only 1) The Ikshvaku rulers of Southern b) 2 and 3 only India were antagonistic towards c) 3 only Buddhism. -
II HISTORICAL DACKGROUND ANDHRA DESA, Like
CllAl’TER - II HISTORICAL DACKGROUND ANDHRA DESA, like many uthor parts uf lindia, has been a continuus human inhabitation since prehist(jric limes, as attested by the lithic imple ments, artefacts, utensils and the personal belongings of the deceased\ persons found in the explorations and discovered in the later megalithic burials opened at the sites like Kurnool. Yolcswaram, Nagarjunakonda, Dharanikola, Peddabankur a n d Kondapur. Further, Andhras as a race have been found recorded, earliest in AITAREYA URAllMANA (AD-VII-8) datable to C.600 BC, followed in the works like CHANDOGYA UPANISHAD, APASTHAMBHA GRHYASUTItA, MAHABIIARATllA. HARIVAMSA PURANA, SUTTANIPATA. SERIVANIJA JATAKA AND THE LIKE. Megasthanese's INDICA refers to Andhra to be a territory comprising many villages, 30 fortified towns and an army consisting of 1,00,000 elephants. The 13lh Major Rock Edict of Ashoka refers to Andhra as the bordering land of the empire. However, excluding the literary eviden ces, in the absence of any historical data, a fair account of Andhras begins / with the emergence of Satavahanas as a distinct political dynasty, having ruled for about two and half centuries. A brief account of the important political dynasties referred to in the inscriptions under study, to the extent needed for the present work, is as follows: Controversies over the chrono- j logy and the genaeology of the dynasties and the rulers have been left undiscussed. SATAVAHANAS: Satavahanas rose as an independent power following the decadence of the Sungas. Thirty rulers of the dynasty have ruled for about 250 years, beginning C.SU HC to C. 225 AD. -
The IAS Gazette a House Journal of APTI PLUS MARCH 2021
The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS MARCH 2021 APTI PLUS RD EDITION Academy For Civil Services Pvt. Ltd. 34 Eastern India’s Best IAS Academy since 2006 An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute Creating Civil Servants for the Nation MA K TT R E A R D BIOFUEL KISAN RAIL MARCH 2021 The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS Sources The Hindu | The Indian Express CONTENTS Live mint | The Economic Times PIB | PRS | ET Government & World Reports GS-I 1-38 (NITI Aayog, Budget, WEF Economic Survey etc.) ART & HISTORY Hindu Business Line | NCERTs LEPAKSHI TEMPLE 1 All standard reference books SRI JAGANNATH TEMPLE 1 HEAD OFFICE & KOLKATA CAMPUS CHAURI CHAURA INCIDENT 3 Office no. 803, “AMP Mall Vaisaakkhi” 8th floor, Salt Lake Sector – II, SWACHH ICONIC PLACES 6 Salt Lake City - AG 112, Kolkata-700091 VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE 7 Ph: +91-8820341777 SARAS AJEEVIKA MELA 11 AUSTRALIA’S OLDEST ROCK ART 12 BHUBANESHWAR CAMPUS Plot No. 2280, Biju Pattanaik KHAJURAHO DANCE FESTIVAL 13 College Road,Jaydev Vihar, MAHARAJA SAUHALDEV 15 Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013 RASHTRIYA SANSKRITI MAHOTSAV 16 Phone: 099383 86166 PATACHITRA 17 THOLPAVAKOOTHU 19 ELGIN ROAD RAVIDAS JAYANTI 23 Elgin Chambers, 3rd Floor, Room No. 302, 1A, Ashutosh Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-20 mail: [email protected], GEOGRAPHY Ph: (033)-40645777, +91-8100765577 HEAT WAVE 24 MOUNT SUMERU VOLCANO 27 E-mail [email protected] ASTERIOD 32 [email protected] SHATOOT DAM 34 Website: http://www.aptiplus.in DHAULIGANGA 34 SADIYA EARTHQUAKE 36 DHUBRI PHULBARI BRIDGE 37 GS-II 39-74 GOVERNANCE FEDERALISM AND INDIA’S HUMAN CAPITAL 39 THE STRUCTURAL FRAGILITY OF UNION TERRITORIES 40 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MYANMAR COUP 43 INDIA-SRI LANKA: THE COLOMBO PORT SETBACK 46 INDIA-CHINA DISENGAGEMENT 48 INDIA-RUSSIA RELATIONS IN CURRENT GEOPOLITICS 50 Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached.