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TA 4: Landscape and Visual Amenity Environmental Statement Cairnmore Hill Wind Farm TA 4: Landscape and Visual Amenity TA 4.1: Glossary TA 4.2 Landscape Character Type Descriptions TA 4.3 Designated and Classified Landscapes TA 4.4 Residual Effects on Landscape Character Types TA 4.5 Residual Effects on Designated Landscapes TA 4.6 Wild Land Impact Assessment (WLIA) TA 4.7 Viewpoint Assessment TA 4.8 Residual Visual Amenity Assessment TA 4.9 Statistical Route Analysis Volume 4: Technical Appendices TA 4: Landscape and Visual Ramboll Cairnmore Hill Wind Farm Environmental Statement Volume 4: Technical Appendices Ramboll TA 4: Landscape and Visual Environmental Statement Cairnmore Hill Wind Farm Technical Appendix 4.1: Glossary Volume 4: Technical Appendices TA 4: Landscape and Visual Ramboll Cairnmore Hill Wind Farm Environmental Statement Volume 4: Technical Appendices Ramboll TA 4: Landscape and Visual Cairnmore Hill Wind Farm Environmental Statement RES Ltd Technical Appendix 4.1: Glossary Terminology Definition Terminology Definition The key aspects of the landscape which contribute to its appearance (previously Field Pattern The pattern of hedges and walls that define fields in farmed landscapes. composition), such as: Geographic Information Computerised data base of geographical information that can easily be updated and . Scale; System manipulated. Enclosure; The angle measured in degrees from the left most visible part to the right most visible . Diversity; Horizontal Angle Subtended part of any development. Texture; Aesthetic Aspects The elements of the landscape and/or their inter relationship which form the defining . Form; Key Characteristics components of the landscape. Line; The change arising for a landscape or visual receptor as a result of some form of . Contour; Impact alteration to the baseline. Balance; Impacts on the environment, which are not a direct result of the development but are . Movement; and Indirect Impacts often produced away from it or as a result of a complex pathway. Sometimes referred . Pattern. to as secondary impacts. The process of breaking the landscape down into its component parts to understand Analysis (Landscape) Landcover Combination of land use and vegetation that covers the land surface. how it is made up. Landform See Topography. The process of identifying the nature of visibility in an area, which is determined Analysis (Visual) through topographic analysis. Landscape Human perception of the land conditioned by knowledge and identity with a place. Assessment (Landscape) An umbrella term for description, classification and analysis of landscape. An area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors. The degree to which a particular landscape The landscape and visual character of the study area as it exists at the commencement Baseline character type or area is capable of is able to accommodate change without of the assessment process – i.e. prior to the development proposal under consideration. Landscape Capacity unacceptable adverse effects on its character. Capacity is likely to vary according to the A process of sorting the landscape into different types using selected criteria, but type and nature of the changes being proposed. The capacity of the landscape is Classification without attaching relative values to the different types of landscape. derived from a combination of Landscape Character Sensitivity, Visual Sensitivity and Landscape Value. Includes non-designated valued landscapes such as Gardens and Designed Landscapes Classified Landscape The distinct and recognisable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a particular and Wild Land Areas. type of landscape, and how this is perceived by people. It reflects particular Landscape Character Map showing the location of important resources and receptors that may form combinations of geology, landform, soils, vegetation, land use and human settlement. Constraints Map constraints to development. It creates the particular sense of place in different areas of the landscape. Countryside The rural environment and its associated communities (including the coast). A landscape type will have broadly similar patterns of geology, landform, soils, Landscape Character Type vegetation land use, settlement and field pattern discernible in maps and field survey The elements of the landscape which are the result of human activity, e.g.: records. Land use management; Landscape Fabric Physical elements of the landscape or development site. Character of settlements and buildings; Cultural and Social Factors A circumstance or influence contributing to the impression of the landscape (e.g. scale, . Pattern and type of fields and enclosures; Landscape Factor enclosure, elevation). Rights of way /footpaths; and . Artistic/literary associations. Landscape Feature A prominent eye-catching element or landmark (e.g. church spire, wooded hilltop). The change in the elements, characteristics, qualities and overall character of the Effects arising from the additional changes to the landscape or visual character caused Landscape Impact Cumulative Effects by a development when seen in conjunction with other developments (associated with it landscape as a result of development. or separate to it). The consequence of change in the elements, characteristics, qualities and overall Computer generated 3-dimensional model based on aerial survey of ground surface Landscape Effect character of the landscape as a result of development. These effects can be positive, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) (e.g. Ordnance Survey Profile data). Often utilised as a basis for visibility modelling neutral or negative. over large areas. The process of attaching value (non-monetary) to a particular landscape, usually by the application of previously agreed criteria, including consultation and third-party Computer generated 3-dimensional model based on aerial survey of ground surface, Landscape Evaluation Digital Surface Model (DSM) tree canopies, built structures etc.). Often utilised as a basis for visibility modelling documents, for a particular purpose (for example, designation or in the context of an where the effects of intervening structure and/or vegetation need to be incorporated. assessment). Based on judgments about the physical state of the landscape and about its intactness. Diversity Where a variety of qualities or characteristics occur. Landscape Quality (or Also relates to the state of repair of individual features and elements which make up Condition) Effect The result of an impact on a landscape or visual receptor. character in any one place. Element A component part of the landscape (e.g. roads, hedgerows, woods). Landscape Resource The combination of elements that contribute to landscape context, character and value. Enhancement Landscape or visual improvement through restoration, reconstruction or creation. The extent to which a landscape can accept change of a particular type and scale and is Landscape Sensitivity (to a assessed in relation a particular type of development. Based on a combination of The relationship of a development to identified environmental opportunities and specific type of change) Environmental Fit susceptibility and value. constraints in its setting. Landuse The primary use of land, including both rural and urban activities. Volume 4: Technical Appendices TA 4.1: Glossary Ramboll Cairnmore Hill Wind Farm Environmental Statement RES Ltd Terminology Definition Terminology Definition The relative value or importance attached to a landscape (often as a basis for . Landscape character and quality of the intervening landscape; and designation or recognition), which expresses commonly held national or local perception . Importance of the view (which may be determined with respect to its popularity or Landscape Value of its quality, special qualities and/or scenic beauty, tranquillity or wildness and cultural number of affected people, its appearance in guidebooks, on tourist maps and the associations. facilities provided for its enjoyment and references to it in literature and/or art. A measure of the amount of change to the landscape that would occur as a result of Computer generated simulation or photomontage or other technique to illustrate how proposed development, generally based on the scale or degree of change to the the proposed development would appear. Presented either as a wireline image (outline Visualisation Magnitude of landscape landscape resource, the nature of the effect and its duration. This is based on a of the development) or as a photomontage which merges a rendered version of the Impact combination of largely quantifiable parameters, such as the distance to the proposed development into a photograph of the view/landscape. development, visible extent, degree of contrast with context, extent to which the The area predicted to have views of a proposed development on the basis of a digital development would be visible, and the duration of an impact. Zone of Theoretical Visibility terrain model or digital surface model, which may/may not take account of landcover (ZTV) A measure of the amount of change to the visual context that would occur as a result of features. a proposed development. This is generally based on the scale of change to the view with respect to the loss or addition of features in the view and changes in its Zone of Theoretical Visibility The area within which a proposed development will be visible, generally calculated by composition, including the proportion of
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