Lesson 2 Thomas Jefferson 1743
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Copyright © 2001 by S. G. McKeever and Andrew A. Kutt. All rights reserved. This curriculum may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the express written permission of Peace Runs International, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. Editors: Natabara Rollosson Aparajita Fishman Dhrirata Ferency Nirjhari DeLong Front Cover Design: Lee Berube For additional copies, please contact: Pilgrimage Publishing PO Box 161167 San Diego, CA 92176 Table of Contents Henry David Thoreau ............................................................................................................. 6 Thomas Jefferson ..................................................................................................................... 8 Martin Luther King, Jr. ........................................................................................................ 10 Eleanor Roosevelt ................................................................................................................. 12 Clara Barton ........................................................................................................................... 14 Emily Dickinson .................................................................................................................... 16 Ralph Waldo Emerson ........................................................................................................ 18 Tecumseh ................................................................................................................................ 20 Sojourner Truth .................................................................................................................... 22 Frederick Douglass .............................................................................................................. 25 Cesar Chavez .......................................................................................................................... 27 Peace Pilgrim ......................................................................................................................... 29 George Washington Carver ............................................................................................... 32 Walt Whitman ........................................................................................................................ 35 Wilma Rudolph ...................................................................................................................... 39 Harriet Tubman .................................................................................................................... 41 Dorothy Day ............................................................................................................................ 44 Abraham Lincoln .................................................................................................................. 47 Helen Keller ............................................................................................................................ 50 Elizabeth Ann Seton ............................................................................................................. 53 Jesse OWens ............................................................................................................................ 55 Susan La Fleshe ..................................................................................................................... 58 You! ........................................................................................................................................... 60 Dear Friends of Peace, Peace Runs International is pleased and proud to present America’s Heroes and You Peace Runs International sponsors and organizes the Sri Chinmoy Oneness-Home Peace Run, and international relay-run for peace that spans over 70 countries every two years. Sri Chinmoy was a writer, artist, musician, athlete and spiritual teacher who promoted events for peace for over 30 years. We, at the Peace Run, feel that the future begins with children and that our children need to be taught that they can be an integral part of shaping and creating a world of peace and oneness. We are extremely grateful to authors Andrew Kutt, Headmaster of the Oneness- Family School, located in Chevy Chase, MD, and Mr. McKeever, author and lecturer, for their inspired service in developing this outstanding curriculum. Special thanks to Mark Rollosson, Aparajita Fishman, and Dhrirata Ferency for assistance in its preparation and editing. Shambhu Neil Vineberg Executive Director Peace Runs International AMERICA’S HEROES AND YOU A Book to Foster Positive Self-Image and Citizenship America’s Peace Spirit took life during a midnight journey to the Jefferson Memorial in 1991. The authors, while visiting this monument to one of America’s greatest leaders and visionaries, began to contemplate upon other great heroes of American history and the enduring gifts of inspiration and strength their lives have given us. This curriculum was born from a desire to ensure that these heroes’ lives become role models for our society and most importantly for our young people— inspiring them to reach their fullest potential as human beings. This curriculum is ideally suited to students in grades five through nine. If simplified or paraphrased, the stories can be told to students younger than grade five and the questions and follow-up activities can be simplified accordingly America’s Heroes and You can also be used for grads ten through twelve. However, in this case the chapters could be assigned to individual students to be done as independent study work, or they could be used as launching pads for more in-depth study of American heroes. The concept of America’s Heroes and You is simple. Each chapter consists of a narrative about the hero, discussion questions and suggested follow-up activities. Each chapter focuses on one quality that the hero exhibited in his or her own life. In the discussion questions and follow-up activities, students are invited to: a) Recognize that quality in themselves or in someone close to them and b) Use that quality in their lives to become better citizens of their school and community. In preparation for teaching a given chapter teachers may want to develop warm-up questions pertaining to the positive quality highlighted in that chapter or pertaining to some of the concepts or ideas discussed. Since every classroom is different, teachers are encouraged to develop their own questions and follow-up activities that will benefit their unique group of students. Lesson 1 Henry David Thoreau 1817-1882 Living in Harmony With Nature “Nature is full of genius, full of divinity; so that not a snowflake escapes its fashioning hand.” “The finest qualities of our nature, like the bloom on fruits, can be preserved only by the most delicate handling.” Henry David Thoreau was born when the United States of America was only 41 years old. He lived in Massachusetts all of his life. His father made pencils, his mother took in boarders and he became one of our country’s greatest thinkers. Thoreau embraced a philosophy and religion called “transcendentalism,” which teaches that human beings find truth within themselves. It emphasizes self- reliance and the unique individuality of each person. Ralph Waldo Emerson, another great American, taught this philosophy to Thoreau. When he was a young man, Thoreau moved to the shore of Walden Pond near Concord, MA. He lived alone there in nature for two years—he built his own house, grew his own food, read, wrote and observed nature. Seven years later he published his famous book, Walden, which recounts his daily experiences in nature. Thoreau believed that by living simply, understanding the worth of each individual and observing nature, we can find happiness. He believed that by living in harmony with nature, by preserving and respecting nature, we can learn about and understand ourselves. Thoreau’s writings influenced two of the world’s greatest leaders of non- violence, India’s Mahatma Gandhi and American Civil Rights leader, Martin Luther King, Jr. DISCUSSION 1. Discuss the meanings/themes of the two quotes by Thoreau. 2. How do we harm nature? How can we preserve nature? Cite specific examples in the community. 3. Have you spent time in nature—camping, hiking, etc.? Describe/share your experiences with your friends. 4. What is nature? Even though we live in cities, can we experience nature? 5. Why is nature important? Discuss eco-systems and the interrelatedness of man/nature via the food chain, air, water, etc. ACTIVITIES 1. Go to a nearby park and clean it up, restoring the intrinsic beauty of nature. 2. Plant a tree or garden. Learn about local vegetation, seasons, etc. Feel and experience the beauty and growth of nature. 3. Make a recycling bin or compost pile to help conserve our own nature resources. 4. Read and discuss passages from Thoreau and Emerson. Lesson 2 Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826 Religious Tolerance “I have ever thought religion a concern purely between our God and our consciences…” “To love God with all thy heart and thy neighbor as thyself is the sum of all religion.” Thomas Jefferson was one of the greatest men who helped to shape and give direction to America. Of his many accomplishments, he was most proud of three: he was the author of the Declaration of Independence; he wrote the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom; and he was the founding father of the University of Virginia. Jefferson not only articulated in the Declaration of Independence