Sts-129/Ulf-3 Mission Overview

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sts-129/Ulf-3 Mission Overview CONTENTS Section Page STS-129/ULF-3 MISSION OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 1 STS-129 TIMELINE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 9 MISSION PROFILE ................................................................................................................... 11 MISSION OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 13 MISSION PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................. 15 STS-129 CREW ....................................................................................................................... 17 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 27 S-BAND ANTENNA SUPPORT ASSEMBLY (SASA) AND RADIO FREQUENCY GROUP (RFG) ..................... 29 EXPRESS LOGISTICS CARRIER 1 AND 2 ............................................................................................... 31 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING ....................................................................................................... 47 UNDOCKING, SEPARATION, AND DEPARTURE ...................................................................................... 48 SPACEWALKS ......................................................................................................................... 51 EXPERIMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 59 DETAILED TEST OBJECTIVES AND DETAILED SUPPLEMENTARY OBJECTIVES ....................................... 59 EXPERIMENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 62 SHUTTLE REFERENCE DATA .................................................................................................... 71 LAUNCH AND LANDING ........................................................................................................... 89 LAUNCH ............................................................................................................................................... 89 ABORT-TO-ORBIT (ATO) ...................................................................................................................... 89 TRANSATLANTIC ABORT LANDING (TAL) ............................................................................................. 89 RETURN-TO-LAUNCH-SITE (RTLS) ....................................................................................................... 89 ABORT ONCE AROUND (AOA) ............................................................................................................... 89 LANDING ............................................................................................................................................. 89 NOVEMBER 2009 CONTENTS i Section Page ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................... 91 MEDIA ASSISTANCE ............................................................................................................... 105 PUBLIC AFFAIRS CONTACTS .................................................................................................. 107 ii CONTENTS NOVEMBER 2009 STS-129/ULF-3 MISSION OVERVIEW Backdropped by Earth’s horizon and the blackness of space, the International Space Station is seen from space shuttle Discovery as the two spacecraft begin their relative separation. There are no home improvement stores in For the STS-129 Utilization and Logistics space, so the next space shuttle mission to the Flight - 3 (ULF-3) mission, Atlantis will carry in International Space Station will deliver 14 tons its cargo bay two ExPRESS Logistics Carriers of important spare parts for its electrical, (ELC's), a new Materials on International Space plumbing, air conditioning, communications Station Experiment (MISSE) carrier and an and robotics systems. S-Band Antenna Sub-Assembly (SASA) package, plus additional equipment, supplies Atlantis, commanded by space veteran and scientific experiments that will be used by Charles O. Hobaugh, is scheduled to lift off the continuing crew of six aboard the station. from Kennedy Space Center at 2:28 p.m. EST, Nov. 16, on the third utilization and logistics While docked to the station, Atlantis’ crew will flight, and arrive at the station the afternoon of conduct three spacewalks to transfer the spare Nov. 18. parts from the shuttle’s payload bay to the station’s external structures and continue assembly activities. NOVEMBER 2009 MISSION OVERVIEW 1 Astronaut Charlie Hobaugh, STS-129 commander, attired in a training version of his shuttle launch and entry suit, occupies the commander’s station on the flight deck during in a Full Fuselage Trainer (FFT) mock-up training session in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. At the end of the 11-day flight, Atlantis also Rounding out the crew are mission specialists will bring home Expedition 20 and 21 Flight Leland Melvin, 45, an 11th round draft pick for Engineer Nicole Stott, the final astronaut the NFL’s Detroit Lions who flew on STS-122 scheduled to use a space shuttle for a lift to or in 2008, and Mike Foreman, a retired Navy from the station. captain who flew on STS-123 in March 2008. Stott, a former Kennedy Space Center shuttle Hobaugh, who turns 48 the week before launch, processing director completing a 100-day served as pilot on STS-104 in 2001 and STS-118 mission aboard the station, will join the STS-129 in 2007. He’ll be joined at launch by pilot crew for the ride home to Earth. Barry E. Wilmore, a U.S. Navy captain, and mission specialists Randy Bresnik, a Aside from returning Stott and delivering U.S. Marine Corps lieutenant colonel; and supplies for station crew, the main objective of Robert L. Satcher Jr., an orthopedic surgeon, all the STS-129 mission is to deliver, install and of whom will be making their first spaceflights. checkout two large logistics pallets and their 2 MISSION OVERVIEW NOVEMBER 2009 spare parts, and to prepare the station for the (PCU) and two empty Passive Flight Releasable arrival of the Tranquility module, the final Attachment Mechanisms (PFRAMs). U.S.-built component of the station, which will be delivered on the following flight in ExPRESS Logistics Carrier-2 will launch with February. This will be the first flight of a High Pressure Gas Tank (HPGT), a Cargo an ExPRESS (Expedite the Processing of Transport Container 1 (CTC-1) mounted to a Experiments to Space Station) Logistics Carrier. Small Adapter Plate Assembly (SAPA), a Mobile Transporter/Trailing Umbilical System ExPRESS Logistics Carrier-1 will launch with (MT/TUS), CMG, NTA, PM, Utility Transfer an Ammonia Tank Assembly (ATA), a Battery Assembly (UTA) Flight Support Equipment Charge Discharge Unit (BCDU), a Space Station (FSE), one empty Payload PFRAM and Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) Latching MISSE-7, an experiment that will expose a End Effector (LEE), a Control Moment Gyro variety of materials being considered for future (CMG), a Nitrogen Tank Assembly (NTA), a spacecraft to the extreme conditions outside the Pump Module (PM), a Plasma Contactor Unit station. Astronaut Leland Melvin, STS-129 mission specialist, participates in a training session in an International Space Station mock-up/trainer in the Space Vehicle Mock-up Facility at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. NOVEMBER 2009 MISSION OVERVIEW 3 Several experiments that are considered provide imagery experts on the ground a pathfinders for U.S. National Laboratory close-up look at the areas that experience the investigations aboard the space station, also highest heating upon re-entry to the Earth’s will be flown. One of those is part of a atmosphere. A follow-up inspection will continuing investigation that is seeking a take place after Atlantis undocks from the vaccine that can be used against food station. poisoning. While the inspection takes place, Bresnik, The day after launch, Hobaugh, Wilmore, Foreman and Satcher will prepare the Melvin and Bresnik will take turns from spacesuits they will wear for the three Atlantis’ aft flight deck maneuvering its robotic spacewalks to be conducted out of the arm in the traditional day-long scan of the Quest airlock at the station. As Foreman and reinforced carbon-carbon on the leading edges Satcher prepare the spacesuits for transfer of the shuttle’s wings and its nose cap. This to the station, Bresnik will join the heat initial inspection, using a 50-foot-long crane shield inspection team. Other pre-docking extension equipped with sensors and lasers, preparations will occupy the remainder of the called the Orbiter Boom Sensor System, will crew’s workday. Astronaut Mike Foreman, STS-129 mission specialist, dons a training version of his Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit in preparation for a spacewalk training session in the waters of the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near NASA’s Johnson Space Center. Astronaut Charlie Hobaugh, commander, assists Foreman. 4 MISSION OVERVIEW NOVEMBER 2009 On the third day of the flight, Atlantis will be docking port on the Harmony module at flown by Hobaugh and Wilmore on its 11:56 a.m. EST Nov. 18. Less than two hours approach for docking to the station. After a later, hatches will open between the two series
Recommended publications
  • Tventy Five Years with CANADARM
    Canada celebrates Tventy five years with CANADARM -Canada’s ticket to the Space Shuttle and ISS Human participation is necessary in order to build large constructions in Like a space – that is a fact, to put it mildly human arm - but without the use of the right tools it will be impossible. With nerves When the plans for a shuttle of copper wiring, system first were introduced, a bones of graphite manipulator system was introduced as fibre, and electric a necessity, a robotic arm that could motors for muscles, deploy and retrieve space hardware Canadarm is like from the payload bay of the shuttle. the human arm. It Canadian industrial companies has rotating joints: accepted the challenge, and the two at the shoulder, manipulator system, Canadarm, made one at the elbow its space debut in November, 1981. and three at the The design and building of the Shuttle wrist. At 15 metres Remote Manipulator System also and weighing less marked the beginning of Canada’s than 480 kilograms, close collaboration with NASA in Canadarm can manned space flight. lift over 30,000 But the development did not kilograms in the stop there. A similar system for the weightlessness of Canadarm2 gives Canadian scientists space station was developed, and in space-or the mass of a fully loaded access to the Station’s laboratory April 2001, Space Shuttle Endeavour bus, using less electricity than a facilities to conduct experiments. delivered a package that was Canada’s teakettle. It also entitles key contribution to the International The brain of “In fact, the Station could Canada to send the system is a an astronaut to Space Station, the Canadarm 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration Commercial Orbital Transportation Services A New Era in Spaceflight NASA/SP-2014-617 Commercial Orbital Transportation Services A New Era in Spaceflight On the cover: Background photo: The terminator—the line separating the sunlit side of Earth from the side in darkness—marks the changeover between day and night on the ground. By establishing government-industry partnerships, the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program marked a change from the traditional way NASA had worked. Inset photos, right: The COTS program supported two U.S. companies in their efforts to design and build transportation systems to carry cargo to low-Earth orbit. (Top photo—Credit: SpaceX) SpaceX launched its Falcon 9 rocket on May 22, 2012, from Cape Canaveral, Florida. (Second photo) Three days later, the company successfully completed the mission that sent its Dragon spacecraft to the Station. (Third photo—Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls) Orbital Sciences Corp. sent its Antares rocket on its test flight on April 21, 2013, from a new launchpad on Virginia’s eastern shore. Later that year, the second Antares lifted off with Orbital’s cargo capsule, (Fourth photo) the Cygnus, that berthed with the ISS on September 29, 2013. Both companies successfully proved the capability to deliver cargo to the International Space Station by U.S. commercial companies and began a new era of spaceflight. ISS photo, center left: Benefiting from the success of the partnerships is the International Space Station, pictured as seen by the last Space Shuttle crew that visited the orbiting laboratory (July 19, 2011). More photos of the ISS are featured on the first pages of each chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • International Space Station Basics Components of The
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration International Space Station Basics The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest orbiting can see 16 sunrises and 16 sunsets each day! During the laboratory ever built. It is an international, technological, daylight periods, temperatures reach 200 ºC, while and political achievement. The five international partners temperatures during the night periods drop to -200 ºC. include the space agencies of the United States, Canada, The view of Earth from the ISS reveals part of the planet, Russia, Europe, and Japan. not the whole planet. In fact, astronauts can see much of the North American continent when they pass over the The first parts of the ISS were sent and assembled in orbit United States. To see pictures of Earth from the ISS, visit in 1998. Since the year 2000, the ISS has had crews living http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop/clickmap/. continuously on board. Building the ISS is like living in a house while constructing it at the same time. Building and sustaining the ISS requires 80 launches on several kinds of rockets over a 12-year period. The assembly of the ISS Components of the ISS will continue through 2010, when the Space Shuttle is retired from service. The components of the ISS include shapes like canisters, spheres, triangles, beams, and wide, flat panels. The When fully complete, the ISS will weigh about 420,000 modules are shaped like canisters and spheres. These are kilograms (925,000 pounds). This is equivalent to more areas where the astronauts live and work. On Earth, car- than 330 automobiles.
    [Show full text]
  • Closing Comments
    Closing Comments The concept of a Shuttle supporting the assembly of a space station was not an entirely new idea when Space Station Freedom was authorized in 1984. Such concepts had been evaluated during the late 1960s, as the United States and the Soviet Union competed in the race to the Moon. By the early 1970s, the two nations were on more friendly terms and keen to participate in a joint project as Apollo was being phased out and a series of Salyut space stations were being introduced. The American proposal for an Apollo to dock with a Salyut was rejected, as was a proposal to have a Soyuz dock with Skylab. So Apollo docked with Soyuz in the summer of 1975. That program was so successful that talks began almost immediately to assess the pros- pects for a Shuttle-Salyut docking in the early 1980s. In parallel, NASA devised plans for the Shuttle to reactivate Skylab. Neither of these proposals bore fruit. By the early 1980s, the idea of using a Shuttle to assemble and resupply a large space station remained, and would become the lynchpin of the Space Station Freedom before plans for that, too, were revised. By the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 the assembly of Mir had been underway for several years. But Russia, which inherited the station and the spacecraft which serviced it, was hard pressed to continue the requisite funding. Looking back two decades to the 1990s, the merger of the American Shuttle and the Russian space station programs seems so logical, since they complemented each other.
    [Show full text]
  • STS-132 Press Kit Cover.Indd
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration SPACE SHUTTLE MISSION STS-132 Finishing Touches PRESS KIT/May 2010 www.nasa.gov CONTENTS Section Page STS-132/ULF4 MISSION OVERVIEW ...................................................................................... 1 STS-132 TIMELINE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................... 13 MISSION PROFILE ................................................................................................................... 17 MISSION OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................ 19 MISSION PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................. 23 STS-132 CREW ....................................................................................................................... 25 PAYLOAD OVERVIEW .............................................................................................................. 33 INTEGRATED CARGO CARRIER VERTICAL LIGHT DEPLOY (ICC-VLD) ................................................... 33 MINI-RESEARCH MODULE-1................................................................................................................. 36 RENDEZVOUS & DOCKING ....................................................................................................... 39 UNDOCKING, SEPARATION AND DEPARTURE ....................................................................................... 40
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Symbols and Flags in the US Manned Space Program
    SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 2007 #230 THE FLAG BULLETIN THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEXILLOLOGY www.flagresearchcenter.com 225 [email protected] THE FLAG BULLETIN THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF VEXILLOLOGY September-December 2007 No. 230 Volume XLVI, Nos. 5-6 FLAGS IN SPACE: NASA SYMBOLS AND FLAGS IN THE U.S. MANNED SPACE PROGRAM Anne M. Platoff 143-221 COVER PICTURES 222 INDEX 223-224 The Flag Bulletin is officially recognized by the International Federation of Vexillological Associations for the publication of scholarly articles relating to vexillology Art layout for this issue by Terri Malgieri Funding for addition of color pages and binding of this combined issue was provided by the University of California, Santa Barbara Library and by the University of California Research Grants for Librarians Program. The Flag Bulletin at the time of publication was behind schedule and therefore the references in the article to dates after December 2007 reflect events that occurred after that date but before the publication of this issue in 2010. © Copyright 2007 by the Flag Research Center; all rights reserved. Postmaster: Send address changes to THE FLAG BULLETIN, 3 Edgehill Rd., Winchester, Mass. 01890 U.S.A. THE FLAG BULLETIN (ISSN 0015-3370) is published bimonthly; the annual subscription rate is $68.00. Periodicals postage paid at Winchester. www.flagresearchcenter.com www.flagresearchcenter.com 141 [email protected] ANNE M. PLATOFF (Annie) is a librarian at the University of Cali- fornia, Santa Barbara Library. From 1989-1996 she was a contrac- tor employee at NASA’s Johnson Space Center. During this time she worked as an Information Specialist for the New Initiatives Of- fice and the Exploration Programs Office, and later as a Policy Ana- lyst for the Public Affairs Office.
    [Show full text]
  • Happy Holidays!!!
    December 2000 Cosmonotes Décembre 2000 The Newsletter of the Canadian Alumni of the International Space University Le Bulletin des Anciens Etudiants Canadiens de l’Université Internationale de l’Espace reminiscing on an Aerospace Medicine docked to the Station, three HAPPY Elective at KSC, and an article from the spacewalks will be conducted to busy, busy, busy MSS6. Another deliver, assemble, and activate the opinion piece is included in this issue, U.S. electrical power system on board HOLIDAYS!!! this time on The Dreams our Star Stuff the ISS. The electrical power system, Here is the December 2000 edition of is Made of – thank you to Eric Choi which is built into a 47-foot integrated your CAISU newsletter, Cosmonotes, (SSP 99) for polling the alumni and truss structure known as P6, consists again packed with many fascinating writing a delightful article from all of solar arrays, radiators for cooling, articles from alumni and friends. This responses received. batteries for solar energy storage, and electronics. P6 is the first section of a issue of Cosmonotes was slightly Thank you to all alumni who system that ultimately will deliver 60 delayed to include an article on the volunteered to write articles for times more power to the ISS research November 30th launch of STS-97 with Cosmonotes! It is thanks to the facilities than was possible on Mir. Canadian Astronaut Marc Garneau on constant willingness of alumni to board, a launch that many CAISU contribute that this newsletter keeps Mission Specialist Marc Garneau members were present in Florida to getting better (and thicker!) with each (Ph.D.) will attach P6 to the evolving view thanks to an invitation from the issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Space
    COTS View Case Study: Space Station Robot Embeds Ada Despite rumors of its demise, Adas is at the heart of the International Space Station’s in-orbit Canadarm 2 where it assures software safety and reliability. The ISS-based, next-generation Canadarm 2, the key element Robert Dewar, President, Ada Core Technologies of the MSS, is a bigger, better, smarter version of Canadarm, the robotic arm that operates from the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle. hile safety-critical characteristics have been introduced This arm is capable of handling large payloads and assisting with into the design of many programming languages, Ada docking the space shuttle to the space station. The new arm, built Wis the language specifically targeted at “life-critical” specifically for the space station, is 17.6 meters (57.7 feet) long systems. Developed between 1975 and 1984 by the US Department when fully extended and has seven motorized joints, each of of Defense (DoD), Ada has been classically targeted for use in which operates as a complex real-time embedded control system. mission-critical embedded systems that emphasize safety, low cost, Canadarm 2 is “self-relocatable” and can move around the sta- and a near-perfect degree of reliability. The most important safety tion’s exterior like an inchworm. Each end of the arm is equipped features that make Ada ideal for development of fail-safe software with a specialized mechanism called a Latching End Effector that include its information-hiding capability, its ability to provide can lock its free end on one of many special fixtures, called Power re-useable code and its “strong typing”, which helps detect and Data Grapple Fixtures placed strategically around the station, and solve many types of coding errors at compile time, very early in then detach its other end and pivot it forward.
    [Show full text]
  • The Iconography of Space Shuttle Mission Patches
    UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Previously Published Works Title Flags as Flair: The Iconography of Space Shuttle Mission Patches Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6db004hr Journal Flag Research Quarterly Author Platoff, Anne M. Publication Date 2017-02-05 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California FLAG RESEARCH REVUE TRIMESTRIELLE DE QUARTERLY RECHERCHE EN VEXILLOLOGIE DECEMBER / DÉCEMBRE 2013 No. 4 ARTICLE A research publication of the North American Vexillological Association/ Une publication de recherche de Flags as Flair: The l'Association nord-américaine de vexillologie Iconography of Space Shuttle Mission Patches By ANNE M. PLATOFF Part 1: The origin of mission patches, and patches of the pre-shuttle era Introduction In the 1999 movie Office Space, a waitress is required to wear “15 pieces of flair” (colorful buttons) on her uniform. She is instructed that they should show her personality and that this was an opportunity to express herself. We live in a culture where we are surrounded by such symbols and where this type of visual commu- nication is commonplace. Not surprisingly, the “flair” style of symbolic expression not only permeates our daily lives, but also has become commonplace in the for- mal system of symbolism used within the U.S. government. The flags, seals, logos, and other graphical emblems used throughout the government are awash with a plethora of symbols which are frequently combined with the intent of communi- cating something about the agency or program they represent. This paper will ex- amine one small subset of these symbols—the crew patches designed for Space Shuttle missions by their crews.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth – Mars Cycler Vehicle Conceptual Design
    Earth – Mars Cycler Vehicle Conceptual Design by Bhumika Patel A thesis submitted to the Department of Aerospace, Physics, and Space Sciences at Florida Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering Flight Mechanics and Control Systems Melbourne, Florida December 2019 We the undersigned committee hereby approve the attached thesis, “Earth – Mars Cycler Vehicle Conceptual Design,” by Bhumika Patel. _________________________________________________ Markus Wilde, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Aerospace, Physics, and Space Sciences Thesis Advisor _________________________________________________ Andrew Aldrin, Ph.D. Associate Professor Aldrin Space Institute Committee Member _________________________________________________ Brian Kish, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Aerospace, Physics, and Space Sciences Committee Member _________________________________________________ Daniel Batcheldor, Ph.D. Professor Aerospace, Physics, and Space Sciences Department Head Abstract Title: Earth – Mars Cycler Vehicle Conceptual Design Author: Bhumika Patel Advisor: Markus Wilde, Ph. D. This thesis summarizes a conceptual design for an Earth – Mars Cycler vehicle designed to transfer astronauts between Earth and Mars. The primary objective of the design study is to accommodate the crews’ needs and to estimate the overall mass and power required during Earth – Mars transfer. The study defines a concept of operations and system functional requirements and discusses the systems breakdown and subsystems design analysis. Systems developed for the cycler vehicle is designed primarily for the S1L1 cycler trajectory. The initial sizing of cycler subsystems is based on reference data from historical human spaceflight. The study performed for subsystems requirements is based on one-way trip (~154 days) to Mars. The study also addresses accommodations and life support requirements. The study does not include any detailed discussions related to the process of the vehicle assembly and launch from the ground.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadarm By: Dani Brazeal
    Canadarm By: Dani Brazeal The Canadarm is arguably our country’s greatest space invention. The company who invented this masterpiece was SPAR aerospace, a company founded in Canada. The Canadarm was a very useful invention with a lot of fascinating features. Today it can be known for being a Canadian icon and something most, if not all, Canadians are very proud of. The Canadarm has proved itself to be a very important machine for all astronauts, even though it can’t lift its own weight here on Earth. The date was November 13, 1981 when the Canadarm was introduced to space. It started off as an idea thought of by the National Research Council of Canada. It was then brought to NASA, and sent to be built by SPAR aerospace. This company was founded in 1967 by John MacNaughten, and is based in Toronto, Ontario. So, ultimately the Canadarm was a team effort. It was taken to NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida where it was launched with space shuttle Columbia. Within the 30 years Canadarm was still operating, it flew 90 times on all of NASA’s space shuttles: Columbia, Discovery, Atlantis, Challenger, and Endeavour. It then retired in July 2011 and was placed in the Canadian Aviation and Space Museum. The Canadarm is overall an amazing- yet complicated- piece of machinery which was equipped with many complex features. The arm weighed a total of 1,497 kilograms and was 17 metres long. Canadarm was an electrical arm which was covered in a long, white sleeve with Canada’s logo located on the shoulder and wrist sections.
    [Show full text]
  • MS-377 Major Blanton NASA Patch Collection Wright State University
    MS-377 Major Blanton NASA Patch Collection Wright State University Special Collections & Archives Processed by Aaron Buczkowski July, 2008 Scope and Content Note The Maj. Blanton Patch Collection contains over 280 patches. These patches are of the marrowed-edge, souvenir variety. The greater portion of the collection relates to space shuttle missions. The breadth of the mission patches runs from the beginning of the space shuttle program with Space Transport System, STS-1 in April, 1981 and ending with STS-63 in February of 1995. As well, there is the mission patch for STS-110 of April, 2002. The remaining series in the collection contain other space related patches, military patches, and a number of novelty patches, many pertaining to aircraft and Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm. A finding aid is included. Series I, Space Shuttle Mission and Related Patches Series I contains 103 space shuttle mission and mission related patches. The patches span shuttle missions 1 in 1981 through 63 in 1995. Along with copies of the official mission patches, there are patches that relate to the specific experiments conducted on the given mission. The patches are organized chronologically in order of mission launch date. Series II, Other Space Programs and NASA Projects Other than the Space Shuttle Patches Series II contains 100 patches that pertain to space technologies other than the shuttle. The series is arranged alphabetically by topic. Some of the topics included are the European Space Agency, other NASA related projects, and patches of the Soviet Union space program. Series III, United States Military Patches Series III contains patches issued by the branches of the United States armed forces.
    [Show full text]