Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. hqagHan Zhiqiang under japonica stress Sillago temperature whiting, Japanese of adaptations Parallel * China 850000, 4 Japan 108-8477, Tokyo, Minato, Konan, 3 2 1 Gao iang Han Zhiqiang whiting, Japanese of understanding adaptations our Parallel expand work genomic population former environments. present the changing the species changes: to of of climate adaptation results results future and Projections The These to differentiation contract. responses species. genetic may different fish of environments. have latter of may the high-temperature groups adaptations whereas Japan in rapid expand, and could the cytoskeleton China underlying that functionally the mechanisms suggested were and genetic models genes that distribution the environments proved candidate of result and the cold Additionally, Our understanding (Zhoushan in our repeatable. populations temperature. advance fluidity is by isolated populations membrane induced two isolated level between to on genetic genes related selection the selection temperature nucleotide at This natural of evolution single species process shared groups. parallel within million the the evolution Japan possible 5.48 parallel level, indicated and of Although Bay) DNA China Bay/Tokyo total adaptation. the the Ise local A at between and rare break distance adaptations. geographic comparatively genetic thermal to is complete possible attributed a partly the was revealed detect be structure along populations must genetic to locations five change latitudinal Japan from climate different and Pacific from (SNPs) to China Northwestern collected response polymorphisms individuals of the in japonica waters temperature in Sillago coastal to of environments genomes adapt the heterogeneous whole organisms the which to sequenced by We organisms mechanism determined. various The of understood. adaptations poorly remains genetic the about Knowledge Abstract 2021 9, February 5 4 Technology and 3 2 1 Gao Tianxiang orsodn uhr E-mail: author. Corresponding Technology, and Science Marine of University Tokyo Technology, and Science Marine of School Graduate China. 316002, Zhejiang, Zhoushan, University, Ocean Zhejiang College, Fishery ie cdm fArclua n nmlHsadySciences Husbandry University Animal Ocean and Zhejiang Science Agricultural Marine of Academy of School Tibet Graduate Technology and Science Marine of University Tokyo BGI-Shenzhen available not Affiliation G-iga,BISeze,Qndo hnog 655 China 266555, Shandong, Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, BGI-Qingdao, nttt fFseisSine ie cdm fArclua n nmlHsadySine,Lhasa, Sciences, Husbandry Animal and Agricultural of Academy Tibet Science, Fisheries of Institute 1* 1 1 iy Guo Xinyu , iy Guo Xinyu , 5 2 2 shijun u Liu Qun , u Liu Qun , [email protected] 2 2 hnhnLiu Shanshan , hnhnLiu Shanshan , ilg japonica Sillago 1 Siu Xiao), (Shijun 2 hxnZhang Zhixin , 2 hxnZhang Zhixin , ne eprtr stress temperature under 3 hjnXiao Shijun , 3 hjnxiao shijun , 4* 4 and , Tianx- , Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. n aa a edt dnia rsmlraatv hne ndsatyidpnetppltos thereby populations, independent distantly in changes China possible of adaptive waters similar to coastal background, or addition the identical polygenic between In to temperature highly scans. lead surface thermal a genome may ocean have sequencing of Japan of to distribution reduced-representation and signature similar expected using under been the possible are detect has adaptations, loci a temperature temperatures local to cold numerous cold revealed difficult or or is miss warm only Furthermore, to high which 2017). may region gene-related al., to or and et this Adaptations region Xu genome in genome analyzed. 2016; al., population-specific total conducted et no Wang and studies the 2018; adaptation, Liu, genomics of & Zhang, population fraction Xue, Pacific. the a (Li, Northwestern adaptations the cover local in in organisms only selection of methods adaptations genetic (GBS) these the genotyping-by-sequencing investigating annual However, Simulation in and average 2 applied (RAD-seq) least 2020). the been sequencing have Yang, at 4.5), tags methods & by DNA RCP Sea, Han, site-associated increase (i.e., Yellow (Cai, Restriction would scenario the detected. areas Sea emission and other Yellow Sea greenhouse in the than low China in ( rate East the temperature higher the under surface a in even sea at reinforced that the warming showed is particular, is In results organisms water species. marine the predicting coastal on which for in change in especially critical organisms, climate on is of effects adaptation influence considerable has thermal warming. change global of major climate anthropogenic Global understanding a of Matala, represents our consequences Farrell, Temperature (Chen, ecological Advancing and species temperature. fish potential 2018). dramatically of adaptive rising are diversity Narum, is and environments & changes distribution Marine Huey, spatial influential Hoffman, Balanya, influences the most environments. identify that 2007; the local help factor al., environmental of can to selection et one adaptations natural management Skelly and in under guide changing, 2018; involved genes help pathways al., candidate to detecting gene et evolutionary (CUs) Moreover, key in (Chen units 2009). goal environments conservation Serra, primary define changing & a appropriately Gilchrist, in only to not efforts required is conservation populations adaptation also Hansen, and ecological local is & for Ferchaud it of basis 2017; but environments genetic adaptations al., biology, changing et the differential (Fustier and of speciation triggers Identification diverse and to usually 2016). diversification adapt evolutionary selection organisms initiates varying ultimately how and Spatially is biology in 2000). questions (Schluter, fundamental the of One Introduction expand work genomic environments. population changing former models present to the the adaptation distribution changes: Keywords: of and climate species results differentiation future The genetic of to contract. of responses Projections may understanding different latter our have the may species. whereas groups fish expand, genetic Japan could of the and and of China adaptations environments understanding that cold rapid our suggested repeatable. advance in the is results fluidity These populations underlying membrane isolated environments. to mechanisms on high-temperature related selection in functionally tem- temperature cytoskeleton were by the of induced genes populations process level candidate isolated genetic the two the the that between Additionally, at proved genes evolution result selection parallel Our natural possible shared indicated perature. species Bay) structure the Bay/Tokyo within level, genetic evolution Ise DNA parallel This and Although five the (Zhoushan groups. at from adaptation. Japan rare (SNPs) local detect and comparatively and polymorphisms to China distance is nucleotide the geographic Japan single to between and attributed million break China partly 5.48 genetic was of complete of waters a total in of coastal revealed A genomes temperature the populations adaptations. whole to along thermal the adapt locations sequenced possible latitudinal organisms We the different which determined. from by be collected mechanism North- must viduals the The change in climate environments understood. to heterogeneous response to poorly organisms remains various Pacific of adaptations western genetic the about Knowledge Abstract Gao) (Tianxiang [email protected] http://www.bio-oracle.org/ ilg japonica Sillago Asse l,21) hrfr,ciaemdae eetv intrsms be must signatures selective climate-mediated Therefore, 2018). al., et (Assis ) oa dpain lmt hne eprtr stress temperature change, climate adaptation, local , 2 ° yteedo h 1tcentury 21st the of end the by C ilg japonica Sillago indi- Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. fteSPwsls hnoetido rae hnfietmsteoealcvrg.I w Nswere SNPs two If coverage. overall the times coverage five total for the than if threshold greater discarded filtering or was The third SNP an one Furthermore, SAMtools. than by [?]20. less of generated was score files SNP quality mpileup files a the require of of bam to were basis resulting set reads was the the SNPs duplicated on raw mapping, and identified After were 2009), SNPs Ruan, 2009). Aligner Raw & Durbin, Burrows–Wheeler Fennell, each & Wysoker, the from Handsaker, (Li using reads (Li, -M” Paired-end data) removed. 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No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. 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Data may be preliminary. d.Cnieigtegorpi slto ttewoegnm Nsadsmlrtmeaueenvironments, temperature similar (Figure and population SNPs ST whole-genome the the of Japan at genes the isolation (Supplementary adaptation in geographic population high-temperature genes the the ZS adaptation Considering with the warm-temperature overlapped 5d). 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Data may be preliminary. rnpre ciiy nti ouain 3gnsi h elahso oeueptwysoe inl of signals showed pathway molecule cell-adhesion and the component in cellular the genes the 13 to in transmembrane population, belong and categories membrane, this which of enriched component terms In of the the GO cytoskeleton, activity. all the significant function, transporter to detected, no molecular related were mainly Despite and were 0033561) function S10). component molecular (GO: Table (GO: cellular Supplementary skin healing the S2, wound via in of Figure enriched loss molecules regulation (Supplementary significantly water positive cell-adhesion process Four 0061436), of biological membrane (GO: regulation categories plasma barrier function). and and skin via other molecular the 0090303), component; adhesion seven of the cellular establishment cell–cell including the in 0016338), calcium-independent (GO: population, in binding namely, lumen RS protein terms, membrane-enclosed the and GO process; in activity biological found factor the categories transcription in (Supplementary behavior categories major GO and 53 the into (growth classified covering were genes S3), selected The Figure S9). 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Data may be preliminary. h tN oto eini niggntcdffrnito nti pce.Goe l eetdn genetic no detected al. et Gao use to species. attempted this of China have in East analysis Researchers differentiation Sea, morphological 2019). genetic Yellow Xiao, the finding the & of in Yanagimoto, from Yang, basis region populations (Gao, control the among Sea mtDNA On differentiation China in the Yanagimoto, South population Yang, identified 2010). the significant (Gao, that and Gao, no data Sea, with & found morphological compared Du, and al. structure region, Xue, et control population 2019; mtDNA of Xiao, GBS, resolution & on higher based a studies present provided previous the study facilitating in present climate identified level warmer were The sea environments a historical local with the to species, that adaptations of to suggested size related history population study. genes effective population of Several the signatures the growth. on and of influence population differentiation Analyses substantial population a species. assessing had charac- fish in has genetic marine sequencing whole-genome a population adopt in fine to selection the first delineated Xue, the study (Li, be genomic management may species. population fishery history, of present and population of variation The protection structure, teristics genetic species 2018). genetic facilitate Liu, the the and & about on environments Zhang, information various effects detailed to profound provide adaptation level has and genomic environment the variable at present Analyses and of historical structure The genetic the on to insight curves New 8d,9d). response (Figure The prefers temperature group low China favors environment. Discussion The group clear changing suitability Japan groups. no habitat a the two and in the whereas to group reduction between temperature, adapt potential adaptations Japan high This to temperature the 9b,9c) different for potential (Figure suggested area evolutionary temperature 2100. 8b,8c). potential lower by (Figure the the areas 2100 indicate in by and Japan may boundary Zhoushan. Japan north reduction northern and was to northern the a group China south in Sea revealed China of The from increase waters result the China increase coastal predicted for East clearly the 9a). prediction the would in the Future However, northward (Figure suitability in shift differently. habitat Japan may group groups that distribution central showed two potential Japan distribution 4.5 the and and the RCP the influence Japan, southern scenario for of to central under area predicted the area China, suitable is distribution of in change more change areas population the only Climate greatly coastal However, potential was may of 8a). the group part species (Figure for large Japan this group a two China of the that the group) for distribution showed of for predictions Japan predictions potential suitable Maxent in The were the The 0.995 Korea 9). that group, performance. and suggested predictive 8 China whiting (Figures good in Japanese provides (0.983 of model results groups Maxent (AUC) genes the selection. curve selected that thermal the characteristic suggested under of mechanism operating enrichment adaptive receiver The parallel The a S12). offered Table population Supplementary warm-temperature 7, secre- the (salivary (Figure butanoate system in secretion) and endocrine pancreatic metabolism, and contraction), main- acid and muscle bod- alpha-linolenic tion and ketone smooth metabolism, (vascular of was binding, system degradation acid pathway and circulatory cytoskeleton, linoleic KEGG (synthesis metabolism), were metabolism, metabolism the enriched These to clusters acid significantly of related cyanoamino no were GO pathways structure ies, populations. Although enriched The 20 projection, TB S2). top the cell and S11). Figure detected, (Supplementary Table of IB, overrepresented membrane (Supplementary categories ZS, significantly of adaptation the the Nineteen tenance thermal in in S4). for enriched adaptations Figure detected primarily parallel (Supplementary were for categories categories 48 identified stress. GO into between were warm-temperature pathways classified and genes KEGG were cold- 111 and genes between of difference GO the total for reflect enrichment A may of populations patterns adaptation ST of different and importance RS the The suggested the transendothelial population leukocyte climate. ST and the pathway high-temperature in family, junction genes tight to selected Claudin the of in enrichment of The located members also way. were migration nine family were Claudin the genes of 13 members The selection. natural .japonica S. ouain i hl-eoesqecn.I h otwsenPcfi,ti study this Pacific, Northwestern the In sequencing. whole-genome via populations .japonica S. 8 JAM1 , CDH4 and , .japonica S. NLGN Most . Xue , Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. omni aiefihseisoigt oa dpain oahtrgnosevrnet o instance, For environment. heterogeneous a 15.9 to from adaptations ranges be might temperature local populations surface to Chinese sea owing southern annual species and average northern fish the the marine between in differentiation regional common of degree high the ecological polyactis ( and sculpin populations roughskin southern distribution marmoratus the and cus wide of of northern studies the between lack genomic differentiation recent Given apparent regional in the remarkable 2008). and revealed SNPs currents Sakurai, genome-wide ocean & expected the Yanagimoto, are from of China Gao, characters derived of waters (Han, structuring coastal barriers genetic the in physical intraspecific fishes Ohshima, before little demersal & Ka and exhibit (Kawahata pelagic 30 to Pacific marine Northwestern about that the revealed dramatically studies in Previous increase end to to began sea-level started stage historical population the glacial Wurm with The 2004). The in consistent the was when distributed glaciations. periods. populations present Pleistocene mainly Japan interglacial the the were and during the IB) China impact during and the less suffered in rise (TB the have size with populations might population compared thus Japan of and increase The expansion Japan slower of a time. waters showed same coastal populations the the IB during and major TB populations a the China as Moreover, served the differences. Sea of climatic China and trajectories East demographic the different of The waters species. coastal this eastern to Japanese and barrier western in physical the observed between also slope was continental of pattern areas dispersal distribution coastal japonica potential coastal The the the nasus by supported model. C. supported population Maxent to also ZS by TB anchovy, unsuitable was the the predicted of grenadier an pattern to from depth as formed populations event dispersal the have groups migration Japan coastal Therefore, two might historical the The The Japan 1982). from pattern. of Mao, migration dispersal. the waters dispersal & offshore no for and its (Guan, coastal and prevented slope the barrier populations species and continental between RS physical species the route this this at reasonable dispersal for of of habitat direct a maximum bar- the history a is physical ( in with life distance water a , depth the about ocean as is Ocean long identified Considering Sea is Sea, Sea China species. samples. (FishBase, China The East between demersal East the differentiation. flow a eastern in genetic and gene environment and western restricts physical distance the coastline that separates between rier created that relationship have strong distance might the a that ocean during events identified clades geological tests two with study, Mantel consistent the present was between the the divergence Ka between In of 30 barrier stands. dating vicariant of sea-level The a low time between Pleistocene divergence period. the isolation glacial a during historical last suggested Ocean reflected analysis Pacific likely The demographic the populations 2018). and population Lida, Japan Sea & China and Yanagimoto, East China Gao, the Wang, the shaped (Han, between that species events divergence extant important complete most of the structures populations. are genetic China glaciations phylogeographic three Pleistocene the of that the results suggested distinguished have GBS further researchers and Numerous PCA mtDNA data. the sequencing to whole-genome contrast to In according populations. these japonica from S. China individuals the the between separate differentiation of genetic completely considerable populations observed Japan al. and et Yang technology, GBS using However, in structure hrssmlrbooia hrceitc n egahcdsrbto nteEs hn e with Sea China East the in distribution geographic and characteristics biological similar shares FPadmDArslsof results mtDNA and AFLP . L,Xe hn,&Lu 08 ue l,21;Lu hn,Xe a,&Lu 06.I hssense, this In 2016). Liu, & Gao, Xue, Zhang, Liu, 2017; al., et Xu 2018; Liu, & Zhang, Xue, (Li, ) https://www.fishbase.in/summary/Sillago-japonica.html h rsn td eeldtecmlt eei ra ewe h hn n aa populations Japan and China the between break genetic complete the revealed study present the , .japonica S. .japonica S. ,tesotdsaas( seabass spotted the ), olanasus Coilia wn otesotfamn fti ein(a,Yn,Yngmt,&Xa,2019). Xiao, & Yanagimoto, Yang, (Gao, region this of fragment short the to owing hsseismgtb ucpil oahtrgnoslclevrnet Likewise, environment. local heterogeneous a to susceptible be might species this , .japonica S. .japonica S. Go a,Sn,Zag a,21;Hn a,Wn,&Go 2015). Gao, & Wang, Han, Han, 2014; Han, & Zhang, Song, Wan, (Gao, Ksiai od,Ysia ohoa 00,btte aldto failed they but 2000), Yoshioka, & Yoshida, Kondo, (Kashiwagi, < .nasus C. aelba maculatus Lateolabrax 0)lmt h itiuinof distribution the limits 30m) ouain ftePcfi ca n h atCiaSea. China East the and Ocean Pacific the of populations .japonica S. ofimdta ietoendsac ihdewtra the at deepwater with distance ocean direct that confirmed rciemsfasciatus Trachidermus 9 ouain ih aersle rmgeographic from resulted have might populations ° nteR ouaint 25.2 to population RS the in C ,adtesalylo rae ( croaker yellow small the and ), .Teaeaedpho h atChina East the of depth average The ). ,temrldrcfih( rockfish marbled the ), .japonica S. nmrn waters marine in Larimichthys ° nteST the in C Sebastis- S. Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. pcfi rnpre hteit ntemmrnso el n iohnraivle nteutk rrelease or uptake the in involved mitochondria and cells of membranes the in exists that transporter specific nel the both by shared genes candidate 81 of total genome-wide A the scanned We background. genes. genomic the candidate the evaluated two We to rates. relative false-positive genes northern using decreasing candidate the variations by the between results of genes sound attributes affected provide genetic thermally can the signatures identify selective of detecting important to populations conducted an regions. was southern genome As sweep and and selective 2018). These genes study, organisms. 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Data may be preliminary. in(EG060.W dnie eea seta ee,including cell genes, 04512), essential migra- (KEGG: several transendothelial pathway leukocyte identified PDLI4 junction pathway We downstream tight its (KEGG:04670). as and occluding well tion and (KEGG:04514), as pathway 0005911), junc- S8), (GO: molecule tight Table junction adhesion bicellular (Supplementary cell–cell functional 0030054), 0043296), 0070160) to (GO: (GO: (GO: predominantly complex to junction junction population junction belonged cell leading apical ST regions pathway, 0005923), including the (GO: genome permeability, of repair tion paracellular selected analysis DNA to sweep in the selective related embedded Genome-wide categories single- of genes 2020). enzymes, numerous inhibition al., of that and et activities revealed mutations, (Saadeldin catalytic necrosis and cytoskeleton, and the breaks apoptosis on DNA effects double-stranded damaging and causes intracellular stress for shock thermal heat responsible Chronic by and are stimulated turnover reticulum, genes protein 2020). endoplasmic the These al., to reflects et that apparatus (Saadeldin response population. Golgi a activity, temperature. ST of temperature. helicase water high transport the RNA ATP-dependent high vesicle-mediated to in to retrograde response pressures adapt transport, biological selection to protein the proteins high in some under involved of found were baseline mechanisms the different increase Cells population, ST the In temperature high for environment. mechanisms mechanisms cold regulating Adaptive in a essential to and respond adaptations to transmembrane cold to fish apart, relevant contraction. for cell biologically muscle are smooth with vascular clusters The and associated functional apoptosis, adjustment. These primarily metabolism, FDR were lipid after homeostasis, pathways pathway tissue KEGG activity, KEGG transporter one and and categories terms GO GO of significant signaling enrichment degradation 50 apoptotic the provided the tests and promotes enrichment stress. proteins The It reticulum of cells. 2013). endoplasmic folding normal Bulleid, to correct & other response the Braakman, in in harming Schopp, pathway involved from Pringle, apoptosis is cells (Oka, triggers 10 stress, proteins harmful decisively member cold misfolded preventing C also Under thereby subfamily and irreparable, homolog conditions DnaJ 2004). becomes environmental damage adverse al., cell in et when survive (Oshima to responses population. proliferation RS cellular the suspend in regulating adaptation cold in ( of are diversity 1 facilitate processes populations important might factor also changes the regulatory are genetic organelles of Interferon necrotic These clear rate and population. heart repair RS regulation Cell the cardiovascular the efficient of on in survival this mechanism data and Thus, adaptive contraction no adaptation cold pressure. muscle the Although cardiac possible cardiac increase a for to be 2016). important known might is al., is that exposure et current cold (Rouhiainen calcium available, peak stress increases cold and increased under heart of absence the the in regulating in expressed for contraction muscle switch smooth molecular and Ca a substrates are intracellular creating PPP1CA selection phosphorylated, of of when status signals activity phosphorylation strong inhibitory the of 1000-fold evidence than showed more that has implicated process this process in another involved environment. is genes CPI17 vasodilation, stress Two transcellular and cold adaptation. encode vasoconstriction under cold that includes in selection which genes natural contraction, by the muscle reshaped Therefore, internal Smooth are the temperature. proteins between channel balance cold stable and under a transporters cells maintain ion to of and transport environments transporter transmembrane These external for membrane. and crucial plasma are the across genes Defective acids channel amino oxidation. ion cationic lipid transporting for in involved mitochondria permease the a into transport their facilitates SLC22A5 and acids long-fatty for of carrier copies Four carnitine. of poenpopaae1rgltr uui 4)and 14A) subunit regulatory 1 phosphatase (protein , RTN4RL1 assssei antn ecec,rsligi eaoi decompensation. metabolic in resulting deficiency, carnitine systemic causes 2+ ocnrto L ta. 01.The 2001). al., et (Li concentration LUI ( CLAUDIN , SLC22A5 .japonica S. 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Data may be preliminary. iia eoyi n hntpctat.Terpiae aueof evolve nature conditions environmental replicated similar The to traits. exposed phenotypic are and that genotypic populations genes similar distinct adaptation geographically warm-temperature general, several In homeostasis, in and evolution cells parallel of integrity of the Evidence DNA maintain transport, may transmembrane of processes ion fitness These morphogenesis, popu- the apoptosis. cell ST allowing the cytoskeleton, and in the folding, genes of protein of number regulation repair, vast the a to in variations related genetic lation changed substantially caused has misfolding selection natural correcting Thus, or preventing amplify thereby hydrolysis, to ATP temperature. caspase-7 upon proteins activates high of by it folding Moreover, the in synthesis. assist protein that and degradation machinery reticulum-associated Furthermore, EIF3 endoplasmic apoptosis. the the inhibiting is to thereby dysfunction proteins , reticulum unfolded endoplasmic promoting aimed if in initially pathway. death as is cell well which as trigger response, trafficking, eventually protein can prolonged. unfolded but or include damage severe responses for misfolded stress compensating reticulum ER and at endoplasmic physiological response. the unfolded triggering stress reticulum induces thereby reticulum namely, excess, endoplasmic also genes, in causes Four reticulum temperature response. endoplasmic temperature stress High the in High imbalance. accumulate oxidative 2005). to homeostasis proteins and al., calcium regulation, et and pathophysiological (Yang adiponectin and dysfunction expression physiological functions, various actin endothelial in with muscles, involved is smooth channel vascular stress. 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Data may be preliminary. aaiya h eei ee.W lootie vdneo ieecsi eprtr dpainbetween change adaptation different The temperature model. in distribution differences species through of level evidence macro adaptive the obtained temperature at also populations differential We Japan have and level. China populations the genetic different the that at demonstrated capacity these analysis groups Hence, Japan selection and Natural environment. China the between in resilience of available climate adaptations are Different the division. resources for cell necessary food and et functionally replication, enough (Kawate are DNA that exchange, terms transcription material ensures and promotes temperature replication temperature Warm Suitable DNA O6-methylguanine 1999). lesion during al., DNA errors et mutagenic (Masutani and occurring mismatch naturally prevents 2000). of 2013). the movement al., and Lamond, repairs the & guanine It facilitate Rocha, to to degradation. stability. 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No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iueS Oscnaynd noaincasfiaino amtmeaueaatto genes adaptation warm-temperature of classification annotation genes node adaptation secondary high-temperature GO of S4 classification Figure annotation cold-temperature node genes). (a–c, secondary adaptation genes. GO warm-temperature candidate S3 for g–i, Figure terms genes; GO adaptation of high-temperature analysis enrichment d–f, the genes genes; of adaptation adaptation results cold-temperature 20 Top of S2 classification Figure annotation node secondary GO S1 Figure model distribution demographic species structure, MATERIALS performed analysis. SUPPLEMENTARY genetic Z.X.Z diversity population manuscript. genetic draft of and the con- analyses wrote calling X.Y.G. analysis. and performed SNP selection, collection. Z.Q.H. of conducted sample signatures Q.L. analysis. history, performed PCA T.X.G. sequencing. performed study. genome S.S.L. the extraction, supervised DNA and ducted conceived T.X.G. and for X.S.J. China) Foundation Science of Natural University National Contributions (Ocean the Author by Lou 41776171). funded Fangrui and was and (41976083 research China University) The of Ocean comments. and (Zhejiang suggestions Xu valuable Shengyou thank We Committee the University. by approved Ocean ZJOUFS-20181106) Zhejiang Acknowledgments College, (no. Fishery permit of a Experiments to Animal according conducted for was work animal All statement Ethics *. number for accession the reads under raw Archive sequence whole-genome The These fish environments. of statement extreme adaptations availability environments. in rapid Data to survive allow high-temperature that to related in mechanisms ruminants, functionally genetic cytoskeleton small to underlying were particularly the the species species, genes of this and understanding candidate of environments our advance the adaptations cold results local Specifically, in with fluidity environments. associated membrane genes high-temperature of various and identified genomes revealed various whole We cold- we confronting can the temperatures, in genes involved comparing environments. different These mechanisms by with underlying temperatures. temperature conclusion, the low similar of In and exploration high to challenges. further to for adaptations due candidates to parallel likely potential related strong be be showed was may that that parallelism populations genes differentiated genetic population-specific genetically Such two of existence evolution. the confirmed study This conditions. environmental changing our under understanding From Conclusion new species and underestimated. provide of variation drastically model genetic trajectories distribution be evolutionary intraspecific species to projections. and the discerning likely data of change consider were without phylogeographic change not of climate that climate combination showed did global the global (2011) who findings, affects of (2019), effects al. clearly the et al. diversity diversity, Balint group et cryptic Cryptic study, Zhang Japan previous from by species. the different a reported is However, this In finding previously within Our species change. differences change. this climate climate genetic populations of to future adaptation distribution capacity to ability adaptive thermal predicted weak thermal different adaptation the a different contains capacity shows the group character adaptive stenothermal reflect China strong with may The have change groups. may climate Japan under and and groups China two the for between distributions potential the in .japonica S. 14 aebe eoie nteNB euneRead Sequence NCBI the in deposited been have .japonica S. ouain rmenvironments from populations Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. 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(16), https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.5.2.10526 3GnsGnmsGenetics Genomes G3-Genes oeua n ellrBiology Cellular and Molecular https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq603 osrainBiology Conservation mrcnNaturalist American mrcnJour- American ilg japonica Sillago , , 21 4 , 5,1353- (5), , 3,433- (3), 24 156 Cellular , (14), (4), 279 Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue5Gnmcrgoswt togslciesgasi ouain of populations in signals the selective shows strong bar matrix. Scale log with covariance of regions size. sample Genomic population the effective in 5 entries the Figure estimated is five the Ne the of where between error generations, standard mixture Ne average and to splits proportional is analysis. population parameter PSMC of from Pattern inferred 4 population Figure each for history Demographic 3 populations. Figure the between of distance) estimates oceanic pairwise and of distance Plot ( 2 populations Figure 49 ancestral the from 49 the for inferred among 2 genome p-distances Genome-wide and individual (b) 1 the components indicated. of is proportion temperature the five surface the windows. of sea analysis non-overlapping Annual Admixture kb (c) 40 locations. in diversity sampling nucleotide of of Map distribution (a) 1 Figure whiting predict Japanese to legend of model Figure distribution distribution species potential Using the (2019). on T. change Gao, Indicators climate & S. of R., Weterings, genetic impact P. 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L., fish Xu, L. marine ovoviviparous Zhao, homogeneity. . the . . N., in H., adaptation Song, B. local Y., Chen, L., S. Z. Xu, Yao, Z., ( Evolution W. Ide and Peng, Amur Biology L., of Molecular survival Y. The Jiang, evolution: T., adaptive J. Li, J., Xu, SZ ouain Z scnrlgop.Tedt onsi e crepnigt h o %o empirical of 5% top the to (corresponding red in points data The group). control log as (ZS populations RS/ZS ar ae naVn iga.()Oelpcniaegnso h SR n aa/Spisbsdo a on based gene pairs adaptation ST/RS Japan/RS cold-temperature and and the ST/ZS ZS/RS within the the SNP of of one genes genes of candidate candidate frequency Overlap Overlap Allele (d) (c) (e) diagram. diagram. diagram. Venn Venn Venn a a on on based based pairs pairs RS/ST and RS/ZS of > 2 [ .94 r eoi ein ne eeto nteR ouain b vra addt ee fthe of genes candidate Overlap (b) population. 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(S1), –) d Principal (d) 2–6). = ouain.Tedrift The populations. oeua Cell Molecular , 280 a Distribution (a) Picalm 3) 32230- (37), . Ecological across , 49 Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. iue9Tepeitdptnildsrbto a ) hne nhbttsiaiiy()o aa group Japan of (c) against group suitability Japan habitat of probability in occurrence changes predicted of b), group curves (a, response China (d) distribution temperature. of and potential scenarios (c) against RCP45 predicted group suitability under China The habitat of 9 probability in occurrence Figure changes predicted of b), curves (a, response (d) distribution temperature. and potential scenarios genes. RCP45 predicted candidate under The the b, for 8 genes; statistics adaptation enrichment Figure pathway cold-temperature KEGG (a, 20 genes Top candidate 7 genes). the Figure adaptation in warm-temperature located c, SNPs genes; the adaptation on high-temperature based PCA 6 Figure gene adaptation warm-temperature gene five the ARHGAP42 .japonica S. costefive the across ouain.()All rqec foeSPwti h ihtmeaueadaptation high-temperature the within SNP one of frequency Allele (f) populations. .japonica S. SORCS3 costefive the across ouain.()All rqece foeSPwti the within SNP one of frequencies Allele (g) populations. 20 .japonica S. populations. Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 21 Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 22 Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 23 Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. otdfile Hosted 24 Posted on Authorea 9 Feb 2021 — The copyright holder is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse without permission. — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.161288917.79333951/v1 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. adaptations-of-japanese-whiting-sillago-japonica-under-temperature-stress Table2.pdf file Hosted adaptations-of-japanese-whiting-sillago-japonica-under-temperature-stress Table1.pdf vial at available at available https://authorea.com/users/365476/articles/508129-parallel- https://authorea.com/users/365476/articles/508129-parallel- 25