Institute of Comparative ,

1 Contents

Greetings from the Director 1

Institute Research Project 3

Joint Research Projects 9

Academic Exchange 11

Research News 12

Comparative Law Study Series 13

Symposia and Lectures 15

(1) International symposia 16

(2) Public lectures 20

(3) Interdisciplinary public lectures 24

Interdisciplinary collaboration 25

Organization of the Institute of Comparative Law 28

Members (as of 21 September 2018) 29

Research Members (Faculty Members) 29

Research Affiliates 32

2 Greetings from the Director

Welcome to Waseda University Institute of Comparative Law Tamio Nakamura Professor of Law 20th and current Director of the Institute of Comparative Law Waseda University September 2016-Present

The Institute of Comparative Law (ICL) at Waseda University was established in 1958. The purpose of the Institute is to conduct comparative research on the legal systems of Japan and other countries, and to contribute to research and education in the field of Japanese legal studies. Working towards these goals, the Institute has been systematically collecting material on the legal systems of other countries, including their statutes, case reports, and law journals, to build one of Japan’s most impressive law libraries. With the development of Japan’s social and economic systems and the evolution of its legal system, our mission has expanded. We aim to disseminate information on the development of contemporary Japanese law and Japan’s legal system, and to raise critical legal questions of universal importance for discussion from a Japanese perspective. At present, the Institute has 117 research members who are full-time faculty members at Waseda University, and 123 research affiliates from outside the university. In addition, agreements have been concluded with the Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; School of Law, Tsinghua University; Institute for Comparative and International Law, University of Melbourne; School of Law, Duke University; the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law; the Korea Legislation Research Institute; and University College London (UCL). Exchange researchers from these institutions are welcome to work with us at the Institute. Scholars and researchers from other countries can arrange to visit the Institute through such channels as the International Affairs Division of Waseda University. The Institute conducts three different programs: specific or individual events, group research projects, and multi-annual research that is carried out by the Institute as a whole.

1. In terms of specific events, the Institute holds public lectures on a semi-monthly basis for which it invites legal academics from around the world who are at the forefront of research in various fields of law. In addition, our research affiliates contribute articles to our annual journal, the Waseda Bulletin of Comparative Law, or to our online publication, Topics of Japanese Law. Both publish articles in English for readers worldwide, and the topics are related to the contemporary Japanese legal system, such as recent Japanese legislation and important Japanese court judgments. 2. Concerning group research, 20 joint research projects are being conducted by our research affiliates and adjunct researchers, who are working together on comparative legal studies. 3. Since 2014, the Institute has been conducting a research project on law and sustainability, with emphasis on the Asian region. The research project is based on a critical view of modern states and their societies, the rapid economic development of which is considered the premise of social development. However, the economic development has accelerated the depletion of natural resources and environmental deterioration. Thus, the project aims to determine a new role for law and legal studies that will be instrumental in bringing about a balance between the economy, society, and the environment, to achieve a transition to a sustainable society that protects the interests of future generations. Economic activities go beyond nation-states, and the social problems that result from

1 these activities inevitably extend beyond national borders. Thus, an effective legal response to the problem would require legal measures and/or regimes at national, macro-regional, and global levels to work in a mutually reinforcing and complementary manner. In this research project, we have tried to conceptualize an Asian regional law/regime that will respond to some of the major cross-border problems. Since there is a lack of research on macro-regional legal responses in Asia, we have studied the experiences of the European Union for lessons and inspirations.

The results of our various research projects are published regularly, in print and online. The print versions include our journal, Hikaku Hogaku (Comparative Law Review), our comparative law book series, Hikakuho Kenkyujo Sosho, and our annual journal in English, the Waseda Bulletin of Comparative Law. We also publish online articles in English in Topics of Japanese Law. In addition, in 2016, we started two new online publications, Waseda ICL Online Journal and Waseda ICL Online Forum. The ICL aspires to be a unique forum that will strengthen ties between legal scholars in Japan and other countries through its diverse research activities. We welcome research proposals and initiatives, as well as academic professionals, from all over the world.

2 Institute Research Project

Promoting the Study of Law and Sustainability (medium-term Institute-wide research and education activities) In order to continue the work of the Institute’s research project “The Role of Law and Jurisprudence at the Turning Point of Sustainable Society: Prospects for Asian Regional Law”, which ended last year, “Law and Sustainability,” the Institute’s new four-year research project, was initiated in 2017, and is scheduled to continue until 2020.

The common concern of this project is to conduct a critical review of modern law, which has contributed to, or at least quietly condoned, results that threaten the survival of humankind and Earth itself. Research into individual issues is carried out by joint research groups bearing that common concern in mind. This project collects and organizes empirical knowledge by broadly categorizing research groups into three sections. Empirical knowledge is conveyed to the research group specializing in theory; in exchange, that research group introduces a theoretical perspective to other research groups. In this way, the project as a whole conducts empirical research from a critical perspective on real phenomena that endanger the sustainability of the planet and humankind, looking at the merits, demerits, and possible reforms of modern law. We also aim to theorize this academic process. This Institute-wide research project is an ambitious one that merits the creation of a new academic field, one which will encompass a critical review of modern law, along with direct efforts to address urgent contemporary issues, and is organized as follows: 1) The research group on distortions in Japanese society: this research group chiefly focuses on domestic issues which threaten sustainability, and, maintaining a critical stance towards modern law, considers possible reforms to address these issues. (Research activities may also extend to relevant cross-border issues.) 2) The research group on cross-border distortions: this research group chiefly focuses on cross-border issues which threaten sustainability and, maintaining a critical stance towards modern law, considers possible reforms to address these issues. (Research activities may also extend to relevant domestic issues.) 3) The research group on legal theory relevant to law and sustainability: complementing the activities of research groups 1 and 2 above, this research group governs relations among research groups as a whole by analyzing each group’s results, and by coordinating the direction of research from the perspectives of legal philosophy and legal history. In 2018, cluster seminars were held regularly and the research outcomes were presented in the ICL’s 60th anniversary symposium held at Ono Auditorium on 29th and 30th September 2018. The symposium attracted an audience of about 130, and lively discussions between reporters and commentators took place.

3 The second round of this research started in October 2018. The research outcomes will be presented in the concluding symposium of 30 October, 2019. Preparation for publication will commence in autumn 2019, with publication scheduled for mid-2020. Thereafter the research outcomes will be included in the syllabuses of the Waseda School of Law’s undergraduate and graduate (including the LLM) programs. This Institute-wide research project will allow the participation of doctoral students and others, who will engage in research and education through joint research activities.

Promoting the Study of Law and Sustainability: Records of Clusters’ Research meetings (FY2018) Date Research Cluster Lecturer April 13, 2018 Care in Society Cluster The Importance of Social Support in the Regions Yoshimi Kikuchi (Research Member) Study of Regional Comprehensive Care and Decision-making Support Yuki Hashimoto (Research Member) Study on Social Networks and Care in Society – as illustrated by the Regional Autonomy in the Field of Social Security Masanori Okada (Research Member) May 11, 2018 Business Cluster The Potential of Company Law as a Study of Humanity Tatsuo Uemura (Research Member) June 8, 2018 Land Cluster ‘Regional Creation’ Policy and Sustainability of Regional Society Tatsuhisa Tamura (Research Member) June 15, 2018 Care in Society Cluster Study of the Bank Account Management Model Contributing to the Support of Elderly Persons Fujio Nakatsuka (Senior Fellow, Financial Technology Research Institute, Inc.) Disputes Regarding Vulnerable Elderly Persons’ Financial Transactions (Chiefly Focusing on Financial ADR) Rika Sato (Lawyer, Ota Sato Law Office) July 12, 2019 Discussion Review of each Cluster’s Research Results Discussion of the contents of the ICL’s 60th Anniversary Symposium 2nd Round November 9, 2018 Meeting Discussion of the Future Research Plan January 11, 2019 Care in Society Cluster Ontological Ethics of Care in Society – Responsibility and Hospitality Takaaki Morinaka (Research Member) February 8, 2019 Business Cluster A Sustainable Economic Society and Company Law Tatsuo Uemura (Research Member) March 27, 2019 Care in Society Cluster Legal Approaches and Building Civil Law Norms Regarding the Support of Vulnerable Persons Shoichi Ogano (Professor, )

4 The International Symposium Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of the Institute of Comparative Law Legal Studies for Sustainable Society: Promoting the Study of Law and Sustainability

●Introduction The International Symposium celebrating the 60th Anniversary of the Institute of Comparative Law (ICL), Waseda University, with the theme of “Legal Studies for Sustainable Society: Promoting the Study of Law and Sustainability”, was held at Ono Auditorium on 29th and 30th September 2018. There were more than 130 participants and lively discussions continued over two successive days.

［1st Day］ ●Opening Address Tamio Nakamura (Director, Institute of Comparative Law) gave the opening address, with Etsuro Kuronuma (Vice Director, Institute of Comparative Law) chairing the proceedings. Professor Nakamura explained that the ICL was established in 1958 for the purposes of realizing, in the legal field, Waseda University founder Marquis Ōkuma Shigenobu’s philosophy of the “harmonization of the Eastern and Western civilizations”, and Ōkuma’s ambition of contributing to the world’s academic development. In 2018, the ICL marked its 60th anniversary. Professor Nakamura added that this international symposium aimed to critically review the law of modern society from the perspective of sustainability, and discuss the common legal challenges for the environment, the welfare society, agriculture and business enterprises.

●Keynote lecture: Sustainability and Law Klaus Bosselmann (University of Auckland) After the opening address, Klaus Bosselmann gave a lecture on intergenerational equity from the perspective of environmental law. He described the “European Cosmology” of DAMAGE (Dualism, Anthropocentrism, Materialism, Atomism, Greed and Economism) lying behind environmental law, and he explained how contemporary environmental law has developed on the bases of economism and anthropocentrism, and has consequently become fragmented and compartmentalized. He conceptualized the Latin-rooted word ‘sustainability’ and pointed out the importance of preserving the Earth’s ecological integrity (considering the needs of future generations) and ensuring sustainability becomes a Grundnorm, an integral part of law. At the Question and Answer (QA) session, it was pointed out that there were difficulties in finding terminology, both in Japanese and German, equivalent to the English word ‘integrity’, with its various implications of coherence, dignity and goodness.

●Environment Cluster Tadashi Otsuka, Mahito Shindo (Waseda University) Hitomi Kimura (Otsuma Women's University) Sándor Fülöp (National University of Public Services, Hungary) The environment cluster discussed issues of environmental law after the keynote lecture. Firstly, Professor Otsuka pointed out the core issues of environmental law in his presentation “Challenges in Addressing Intergenerational Environmental Equity”, with reference to the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Secondly, Professor Kimura reported on “Ensuring Intergenerational Equity: Perspective from the UK Committee on Climate Change” from the viewpoint of international environmental law. She mentioned the issues of Brexit and the 2015 Paris Agreement. Thirdly, Mr. Fülöp discussed the “Institutional Representation of Future Generations”, considering his personal experience of working as an ombudsman representing the interests of future generations.

5 After the session, the cluster’s moderator, Mahito Shindo, discussed two issues: the necessity of institutional frameworks ensuring intergenerational equity, and the institutional models to represent the environmental interests of future generations.

●Care in Society Cluster Masanori Okada, Yoshimi Kikuchi, Yuki Hashimoto, Nariaki Yamaguchi (Waseda University) Philip Fennell (Cardiff University) In the afternoon session, the care in society cluster discussed ways towards building a sustainable society. At first, Professor Yamaguchi explained that the care in society cluster would focus on the social care for vulnerable persons lacking sufficient decision-making capacity, including the elderly. He pointed out that a new type of joint decision-making model (including a community-based framework) was under consideration in Japan as an alternative for the conventional framework of independent decision-making. Subsequently, Ms. Hashimoto discussed the challenges of Japan’s Adult Guardianship Law in the context of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (ratified by Japan in 2014). She explained the current progress of her research on the applicability of the Convention to Japan’s domestic law by introducing the standpoints of both the Japanese government and the UN’s Committee on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Secondly, Professor Fennell discussed sustainability, social care and human rights (e.g. the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) together with recent legal developments in the UK. Professor Fennell pointed out the importance of grasping the overall picture of present and future generations in considering inter-generational justice. He also indicated the importance of considering the implications of ‘integrity’, a word which is difficult to translate into other languages. At the QA session, comments were made on the relationship between social care and human rights in the context of sustainability, emphasizing the importance of respecting diversity and integrity, as new concepts, stipulated in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

●Land Cluster (Agriculture) Yoshiki Kurumisawa, Yuan Chun Wen (Waseda University) Xiaojun Chen, Fengrui Yu (Guangdong University of Foreign Studies) After the care in society cluster, the land cluster reported on the theme of “Transferability of Agricultural Land Rights and its Impact on the Structure of Agricultural Business － From the Viewpoint of Comparative Socio-legal Studies”. Professor Kurumisawa discussed the agricultural land systems of Germany, China and Japan from comparative socio-legal perspectives. He pointed out that Japan’s agricultural land system stood at a turning point in the face of the globalization of agricultural markets. Secondly, Professor Chen explained China’s agricultural policy and its influence on Chinese society. She discussed the characteristics of China’s agricultural management from a legal perspective. Mr. Yu followed with comments. At the QA session emphasis was put on the importance of the community’s role, situated between the state and the individual.

6 ［2nd Day］ ●Opening remarks Tamio Nakamura (Director, Institute of Comparative Law, Waseda University) Professor Nakamura summarized the first day of the symposium. He mentioned that we could notice, by focusing on sustainability, the links between the environment (ecological integrity), care in society (integrity and dignity of the person) and agriculture (the integrity of the relationship between land and human society), which at first sight are seemingly unconnected. He pointed out the concern shared by each cluster that modern society has become distracted by increasingly compartmentalized preoccupations, and needs to reconsider global problems in a holistic manner.

●Keynote lecture: Block Chain, Sustainable Financial Systems and Law Luc Thévenoz (University of Geneva) In the morning session, Professor Thévenoz gave a keynote lecture on “Block Chain, Innovation vs. Sustainable Financial Systems”. He introduced some possibilities of innovation brought by block chain while also explaining the concept of block chain. He explained that Bitcoin transactions are relevant to the issue of sustainability because of the enormous energy consumption necessitated by these transactions. He next suggested that the activities of business enterprises might pose tremendous risks for human society as financial mechanisms such as Bitcoin develop further. At the QA session, questions were raised about the threat posed to sustainability and the interests of future generations because of the huge energy costs of block chain technology. At the subsequent session on finance, it was pointed out that this was a justifiable concern, but this concern should be directed towards cryptocurrencies using the transaction authorization mechanism of computer “mining” rather than towards block chain technology as a whole.

●Business Cluster (Finance) Etsuro Kuronuma , Takashi Kubota , Hiroyuki Watanabe (Waseda University) Luc Thévenoz (University of Geneva) After the keynote lecture, Professor Watanabe discussed the legal aspects of cryptocurrency transactions from the perspective of sustainable development. He divided block chain’s developments into three phases; the first phase of the issue of Bitcoin, the second phase of fund/securities settlement, and the third phase of public authentication. He discussed the legal solutions to the problems of the first phase and described a potential framework to promote social infrastructure enabled by the second phase (block chain 2.0). Takashi Kubota (Waseda University) then commented on the challenges of central banks’ digital currencies, money laundering and the controversies over cryptocurrency prohibition. At the QA session, questions arose about the positive and negative aspects of block chain technology. On the positive side, block chain could contribute to the sustainable development of society. On the negative side, block chain is likely to destroy existing administrative frameworks. Professor Kuronuma indicated some legal challenges posed by present cryptocurrency transactions.

●Keynote lecture: Company Law and Sustainable Society and Economy Tatsuo Uemura (Waseda University) Professor Uemura gave a keynote lecture on “Company Law and Sustainable Society and Economy”. He emphasized that study of law and sustainability should be based on learning from history, bear responsibility for the future and disseminate a strong philosophy for restoring humanity. He explained that in Japan Waseda University’s School of Law was unique in providing the opportunity for

7 the study of law and sustainability. At the QA session, there were discussions about the methodology to adopt to further the study of law and sustainability.

●Final Discussion Certain issues of interest emerged in the final discussion, which ended the two-day long symposium. The risks facing the environment, care in society, agriculture and finance were described from the perspective of sustainability. Discussion then ensued as to whether integrity would be the most appropriate keyword to define the common concerns for sustainability shared by each cluster. Further consideration of the ramifications of ‘integrity’ followed, with emphasis laid on the importance of the local community (a topic raised by the Land Cluster), renewable energy, and financial deregulation. Discussion also touched on how approaches and outcomes of integrity are vital to the planet’s ecology, the dignity of human life, and the restoration of a healthy relationship between human beings and nature. Finally, Professor Nakamura concluded that the study of law and sustainability should be a new and important field of scholarship, and that this scholastic endeavour should not restrict itself to conventional academic boundaries, but seek to be of benefit beyond. He hoped that the Institute of Comparative Law’s activities and efforts would provide enthusiastic and effective support to develop this emerging inter-disciplinary field of study, for the benefit of humanity.

8 Joint Research Projects

ICL has joint research projects conducted by research members (faculty members of Waseda University) and research affiliates. The following shows our research activities in 2018.

Subject / Representation 2018 Research Activities

Research into Civil Procedure in Other Conducted comparative research on civil procedure in Europe, Countries the US, and Asian countries; research published in academic Tetsuo Kato journals including Comparative Law Review (ICL, Waseda University). Development of Public Law following Conducted comprehensive research on the change and changes in Constitutional Law and development of constitutional law towards the 21st century, Administration Law in the 21st Century from comparative perspectives, chiefly focusing on Germany; Tatsuhisa Tamura public lectures; monthly research seminars on case studies of the German Federal Constitutional Court; published research. Analysis of the Latest Developments in French Weekly research seminars; translation of revised Furansu Law for the Purpose of Making a Database Hōritsu Yōgo Jiten,[Dictionary of French Legal Terms] 3rd ed. (Sanseidō, 2012); research on recent important legislation in Takashi Hakoi France. Comparative Studies of Intellectual Property 6 research seminars, including one presentation by graduate Law and International Trade Law school students. Yoshinobu Eizumi Studies on the Supreme Court 5 research seminars; symposium; clinical legal studies Shigeo Miyagawa meetings; 3 public lectures; published research in Comparative Law Review. Studies on Anglo-American Criminal Law Research and publications in Comparative Law Review. Yoshiki Ogawa Comparative Study of Asian Public Law Attended 2 international symposia and published research. Masanori Okada Research on Anglo-American Juvenile Law Weekly research seminars; translation of “Balancing Juvenile Masaoki Ishikawa Justice” (continuing since 2015). Comparative Research on Economic 3 research seminars; publications of research in relevant Administrative Law and Theory academic journals. Masanori Okada Study on recent court cases in China Collaboration with Wuhan University researcher on public Yoshiki Kurumisawa lectures held at ICL, , and Chuo University; exchange of academic opinions with Chinese researchers. Comprehensive Study on Medical Law Public lecture; attended overseas international symposium; Katsunori Kai published research.

9 Subject / Representation 2018 Research Activities

Studies on the Supreme Court of the United 3 research seminars and workshop for young researchers. Kingdom Tamio Nakamura Studies of Current Developments of European 5 seminars; published research in relevant academic journals. Law Tamio Nakamura Study on Scandinavian Law Seminars and symposium “Historical Development of Shin Matsuzawa Scandinavian Criminal Law”; research outcomes published in academic journals. Research on Law and Sustainability Research seminars of Land Use Cluster; symposium; materials Yoshiki Kurumisawa collection and research; research outcomes published in academic journals. Comprehensive Research on Social Law in a Preparation seminar for joint research; publication of research Society with a Declining Population outcomes. Yoshimi Kikuchi Study on Fragmentation of International Law Research and exchange of academic opinions. Hiroyuki Banzai Fundamental Research on Amending Tort Law Seminars and publication of research outcomes. Tadashi Otsuka Comparative Research on Legal Remedies in the 15 seminars and publication of research outcomes in Civil Procedural Law System Comparative Law Review. Kazunori Matsumura Analysis of the problems and the possible future Preparation for joint research; publication of research amendments of the Basic Law of the outcomes. Environment Tadashi Otsuka Development of German Constitutional Theory Publication of research outcomes. Asaho Mizusshima AI (Artificial Intelligence) and Law 2 seminars. Etsuro Kuronuma

10 Academic Exchange

ICL has signed academic exchange agreements with various institutions including the Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; School of Law, Duke University; Institute for Comparative and International Law, University of Melbourne, the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law; School of Law, Tsinghua University; the Korea Legislation Research Institute; and University College London. ICL has regularly held joint symposia in Tokyo and in Beijing with the Institute of Law, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, since 1993. In July 2018, the Japan - China Joint Symposium entitled “25th Anniversary of Academic Exchange: Development and Characteristics of Japanese and Chinese Law over the last quarter century”, was held in Tokyo.

▲2018 Japan - China Joint Symposium (Tokyo) ▼Speakers

Prof. Tamio Nakamura Prof. Norikazu Kawagishi Prof.Em.Morikazu Taguchi Prof. Dai Shiraishi

Prof. Etsuro Kuronuma Prof. Em. Makoto Ishida Prof. Su Chen Prof. Guoqiang Zhai

Prof. Renwen Liu Prof. Guangxin Zhu Prof. Ninglan Xue Prof. Zengyi Xie

11 Research News

The Institute of Comparative Law has published the results of its research both in print and online. Comparative Law Review and Waseda Bulletin of Comparative Law were issued regularly. In 2018, Comparative Law Review, Vol. 52, No. 1, 2 and 3, and Waseda Bulletin of Comparative Law, Vol. 37 (2017) were published. In addition, in our Comparative Law Studies series, Public Law, Private Practice: Politics, Profit, and the Legal Profession in Nineteenth-Century Japan (translation) was published in 2018. Our online publications, Waseda ICL Online Journal and Waseda ICL Online Forum, have appeared regularly since 2016, together with Topics of Japanese Law. ICL also dispatched newsletters to researchers in other countries 18 times in 2018.

▲ The ICL website top page ▲ Publications and E-library

▲ ICL’s news ▲ Waseda ICL Online Forum

12 Comparative Law Studies Series (book publications) [Those marked ★ are out of print]

1 Harold Cooke Gutteridge, trans. Yoshio Mizuta, Comparative Law, 1964. ★ 2 Teruzo Katsuragi, Igirisu Senpaku Hoken Keiyaku Ron, 1962. ★ 3 Masajiro Takigawa, Nijo Jinya Kenkyu: Kuji-yado no Kenkyu, 1962. 4 Helmut Rumpf, Ryokichi Arikura and Chigetoshi Takeuchi, Regierungsakte im Rechtsstaat, 1964. 5 Tatsuo Sato, Igirisu Gyosei Sosyo hou no Kenkyu, 1968. 6 Masao Fukushima et. al. (eds.), Ono Azusa’s "Kokken Ronkou: Roma Ritsuyou", 1974. ★ 7 Atsushi Saito, LEX XII TABULARUM, 1969. 8 Keishiro Irie, Kaihatsu Tojokoku ni okeru Kokuyuka, 1974. ★ 9 A.A. Tille trans. Seizo Tadagawa, Socialist Comparative Jurisprudence, 1979. 10 Karl Petels, trans. Ichiro Uchida, Collection of Articles on Contemporary West German Law of Criminal Procedure, 1980. 11 Tatsuo Sato, Great Scholars who built up Contemporary German Public , 1982. 12 trans. Kojiro Nishimura, Controversy on Continuity of Law in China, 1983. 13 Saburo Kuroki, Study of Comparative Sociology of Law, 1984. 14 Haruyasu Sugiyama et. al., The Japanese Penal Code Drafts Amended by the Review Board (1877-1879), 1984. 15 trans. Teruaki Tayama, Neues Landpachtrecht in der Bundesrepublik Deutchland, 1986 ★ 16 Allan Wilbur, trans. Ichiro Uchida, Supreme Court of the United States: Guarantee of Due Process of Law, 1986. 17 Toshiya Yato, Studies of Anglo-American Tort Cases, 1988. 18 Haruyasu Sugiyama et. al., Keihou Kaisei Shinsa Iinkai Ketugiroku Keihou Souan, 1989. 19 Teruo Doi, Intellectual property protection and management: law and practice in Japan, 1992. 20 Toshiya Yato (ed.), English Law and European Community Law, 1992. 21 Atsushi Sato, LEX XII TABULARUM (2nd ed.), 1993. ★ 22 Stein Ekkehart, trans. Kenji Urata et. al., The German Constitution, 1993 23 Volker Jacobi, trans. Teruaki Tayama, Der Geistigbehinderte und sein Recht, Lambertus Verlag, 1996. 24 Teruo Doi, International business transactions: contract and dispute resolution, 1996. 25 Hikota Koguchi (ed.), Economic Development and Law in P.R.C., 1998. 26 Waseda University Study Group on Civil Procedure (ed.), Theories of Civil Procedure in Europe, 1999.. 27 John Burroughs, trans. Kenji Urata, Legality of Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, 2001. 28 Akira Osuka (ed.), State Legal Intervention and Freedom, 2001. 29 Minoru Nomura and Zhang Ling, China's Amended Criminal Law: Annotations. 2002. 30 Waseda University Institute of Comparative Law (ed.), A Next Stage of Studies of Comparative Law: For Theories of Reception of Law and Legal Transplants, 2003. 31 Kenji Urata, Reflections on global constitutionalism: perspectives based on the Constitution of Japan, 2005. 32 Waseda University Institute of Comparative Law (ed.), International Context of Japanese Law: Index of Linkage with the West and Asia, 2006. 33 Waseda University Institute of Comparative Law (ed.), Japanese Law in an International Context: Law in its Origin and Law in its Global Context, 2006. 34 Waseda University Institute of Comparative Law (ed.), Japanese Legal Studies in Comparative and Historical Context: from the Perspective of Comparative Law, 2008. 35 Shin Matsuzawa, The Danish Administration of Justice Act’s Historical Context: Its Perspective of Comparative Law, 2008. 36 Shigeo Miyagawa (ed.), The Rehnquist Court and the American Judicial Tradition, 2009. 37 Institute of Comparative Law 50th Anniversary Lecture Series, Comparative Law and Legal Science, 2010. 38 Hans-Joachim Koch (Hrsg.) [Masanori Okada (trans.)], Umweltrecht, 2012. 39 Ulrich Sieber, [Katsunori Kai and Morikazu Taguchi (trans.)] Die Herausforderungen an die Strafrechtswissenschaft im 21. Jahrhundert: Globalisierung, Informationgesellschaft und Risikogesellschaft, 2012.

13 40 Shoichi Kidana (ed.), Study on Principles of Private International Law on Intellectual Property: The Joint Proposal by Japan and Korea as a Proposal from East Asia, 2012. 41 Katsumi Yoshida and Mathilde Boutonnet (eds.), L’environnement et le contrat: regards croisés franco-japonais. 42 Institute of Comparative Law (ed.), Exploring Foreign Laws as a Part of Japanese Law: Comparative Analysis of the Main Codes of Japan, 2014. 43 Yoshiki Kurumisawa (ed.), Law and Legal Studies for Sustainable Society, 2016. 44 Deborah L. Rhode [Kyoko Ishida (trans.)], Pro Bono in Principle and in Practice, 2018. 45 Tamio Nakamura (ed.), The Role of Constitutional Principles in the Interpretation and Application of Private Law: A Comparison between Japan and China at the Time of the Codification of the Chinese Civil Code, 2018. 46 Darryl E. Flaherty [Hiroshi Asako (trans.)], Public Law, Private Practice: Politics, Profit, and the Legal Profession in Nineteenth-Century Japan, 2019.

Note: Please contact the ICL office for purchase of our books in the list above.

14 Symposia and Lectures

ICL disseminated the results of its research to relevant researchers, and more widely to students and the general public through symposia and public lectures. ICL continued to deepen its exchanges with interested parties both within and outside Waseda University. In 2018, more than 943 people (including more than 470 students) participated in ICL’s 12 symposia; more than 755 people (including more than 421 students) participated in 28 public lectures. The symposia and lectures aimed to enrich understanding of legal studies in various fields, and were teamed with some interdisciplinary seminars, in which non-legal experts participated. Through these activities, ICL was able to approach diverse issues from multiple perspectives.

Symposia: 2018 numbers of Total: more than 943 participants participants

Public / Faculty Students members approx. 470 approx. 473 （49.8%） （50.2%）

Public lectures: 2018 numbers of Total：more than 755 participants participants

Public / Faculty Students members approx. 421 approx. 334 （55.8%） （44.2%）

15 (1) International Symposia (12 in total) （★ denotes non-legal expert.） 2018 April 16 April International seminar: Big Data protection in Asia Co-hosts: School of Law, Institute of Comparative Law (ICL), Waseda University, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research Project (JSPS KAKENHI 17H00936) Speakers: Kung-Chung Liu (Professor, Singapore Management University) Jo Jong Sang (Professor, Seoul University) Guobin Cui (Associate Professor, Tsinghua University) Reto M. Hilty（Managing Director at the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, Munich, Germany） Izumi Hayashi (Lawyer, Sakurazaka Law Office) Organizer: Christoph Rademacher（Research Member） M a y May 25 International Symposium: The Global Economy and corresponding measures taken in Tax Law in Japan and Germany Host: School of Law, Waseda University Co-hosts: ICL, Waseda University and the German-Japanese Association of Jurists (DJJV) Speaker: Rudolf Mellinghof, President, Bundesfinanzhof Organizer: Tetsuya Watanabe (Research Member) ※182 participants (including 57 students) J u n e June 28 ICL’s interdisciplinary event: Analysis of the TV drama series We married as a job! from the perspectives of gender, law and society Co-hosts:ICL, Gender Studies Institute, Waseda University (event held under the auspices of Waseda University Law Association, and Waseda University Office for Promotion of Equality and Diversity) ※138 participants (123 undergraduate students, 3 graduate students, 12 faculty members) J u l y July 7 Symposium: The Public Sense of Justice in Japan: A Study of Attitudes towards Punishment Host: Study Group on Empirical Research on Public Perception of Criminal Punishment: KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) Project (JSPS KAKENHI 16H03562) Co-hosts: ICL, WIPSS, Waseda University Speakers: Shin Matsuzawa (Professor, Waseda University) Hideyo Matsubara (Professor, Ehime University) Takeshi Okabe（Associate Professor, Kyoto University） Masahiro Hieda (Professor, Waseda University) Takashi Ishii (Research and Training Institute) Organizer: Shin Matsuzawa (Research Member)

▲Analysis of the TV drama series We married as a job!, from the perspectives of gender, law and society (28 June 2018)

16 O c t o - October 27 b e r Workshop: How to Teach Anglo-American Law in Japanese Universities Host: Study Group on the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (ICL, Joint Research Project) Speakers: Tamio Nakamura (Waseda University) Hidetomo Sasaki () Yuko Nakata (Nanzan University) Kengo Itamochi (Kobe University) Kichimoto Asaka (The ) Shuichi Takahashi (Miyagi University of Education) Organizer: Tamio Nakamura (Research Member) ※13 participants (including 2 students) October 27 7th Annual Waseda Global Patent Conference Host: School of Law, Waseda University Co-Hosts: ICL and RCLIP, Waseda University Part 1 Moderator: Ichiro Nakayama (Professor, Kokugakuin University Law School) Speakers: Richard Linn (Senior Circuit Judge, CAFC) Makiko Takabe (Chief Judge, Intellectual Property High Court) Polk Wagner (Professor, University of Pennsylvania) Takeshi Maeda (Associate Professor, Kobe University) Part 2 Moderator: Christoph Rademacher (Associate Professor, Waseda University) Speakers: Charles Schill (lately of the United States International Trade Commission) Makoto Sakata (Ministry of Finance) Yoshio Kumakura (Lawyer, Nakamura & Partners) Shinya Fujimoto (Tokyo Customs Office) Brett Bachtell (Qualcomm Inc., US IPO ITC) Organizer: Christoph Rademacher (Research Member) October 30 5th International IP Workshop for Junior Researchers in Japan Host: School of Law, Waseda University Co-host: ICL and RCLIP, Waseda University Speakers: Shyam Balganesh（Professor, University of Pennsylvania） Branislav Hazucha（Associate Professor, Hokkaido University) Christoph Rademacher（Associate Professor, Waseda University） Masabumi Suzuki (Professor, Nagoya University) Ryu Takabayashi (Professor, Waseda University) Yoshiyuki Tamura (Professor, Hokkaido University) Tatsuhiro Ueno (Professor, Waseda University) Polk Wagner (Professor, University of Pennsylvania Law School) ※29 participants (including 15 students) Novem- November 28 ber Symposium: Where Are Cryptocurrencies Heading? Host: ICL, Waseda University Speaker: Kubota Takashi (Professor, Waseda University) Discussants: Shinsaku Iwahara (Professor, Waseda University) Mitsuru Iwamura (Professor, Waseda University)★ Moderator: Etsuro Kuronuma (Vice-President, ICL, Professor, Waseda University) ※255 participants (including 212 students)

▲Workshop: How to Teach Anglo-American Law (27 ▲ 5th International IP Workshop for Junior Researchers in October 2018) Japan (30 October 2018）

17 2019 January 12 January Japan-Korea Civil Justice Symposium Host: ICL, Waseda University Co-host: Waseda University Study Group on Civil Procedure Law Cases Speakers: Junko Sugimoto () Yoshiatsu Uchida (Waseda University) Hyun-Joong Kang (Judicial Policy Research Institute) Cheon-woo Son (Supreme Court of Korea) Moderators/commentators: Yasunori Homma (Waseda University) Yeong-Su Kang (Judicial Policy Research Institute) Translator : Jeong-Im Choi（Graduate Student, Waseda University） Organizers: Yasunori Homma (Research Member), Yoshiatsu Uchida (Research Member) ※23 participants (including 1 student) January 12 The Historical Development of Scandinavian Criminal Law Host: Study Group on Scandinavian Criminal Law (ICL Joint Research Project) Speakers: Jin Sakata (Professor Emeritus, Tokiwa University) Shin Matsuzawa (Professor, Waseda University) Organizer: Shin Matsuzawa (Research Member) ※14 participants (including 7 students) 2019 March 3 March Workshop: Sustainability and well-being: the concept of four types of capital and their limits Host: ICL, Waseda University Co-host: The Mitsui & Co. Environment Fund, Otsuka Research Group Speakers: Toru Morotomi (Kyoto University), Masayuki Sato (Kobe University), Taikan Oki (University of Tokyo), Tadashi Otsuka (Waseda University), Koichi Kuriyama (Kyoto University), Hiroyuki Matsuda (Yokohama National University), Tohru Nakashizuka (Tohoku University), Hiroki Oikawa (Yokohama National University), Yuichi Moriguchi (University of Tokyo), Hirokazu Kato (Nagoya University), Toshihide Arimura (Waseda University), Yushi Kunugi (Matsuyama University) Organizer: Tadashi Otsuka (Research Member) March 16 Symposium: UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions: Cryptocurrencies and Block Chain Host: The Japanese Association of International Business Law, UNCITRAL under the auspices of ICL, Waseda University Speakers: Luca Jovanni Castellani（UNCITRAL） Koji Takahashi (Doshisha University) Kazuo Takaragi (AIST) ★ Harumichi Yuasa (Institute of Information Security) Moderator: Takashi Kubota (Professor, School of Law, Waseda University) Organizer: Takashi Kubota (Research Member) ※91 participants (including 3 students)

▲Symposium: Where Are Cryptocurrencies Heading? (28 November 2018)

18 Symposium Report “Where Are Cryptocurrencies Heading?” 28 Nov. 2018, 15:00-17:00pm, at Ono Auditorium, Waseda University Speaker: Kubota Takashi (Professor, School of Law, Waseda University) Discussants: Shinsaku Iwahara (Professor, School of Law, Waseda University) Mitsuru Iwamura (Professor, School of Commerce, Waseda University) Moderator: Etsuro Kuronuma (Vice-President, ICL, Professor, School of Law, Waseda University) Host: ICL, Waseda University 255 participants (including 212 students)

Professor Kuronuma welcomed participants to the symposium and explained that ICL had designed this symposium mainly for students of Waseda University. 1. Keynote Speech Professor Kubota made a keynote speech under the title of “Where Are Cryptocurrencies Heading?” Placed in the context of international trade law his speech covered three topics: the definition of cryptocurrencies, the merits and demerits of cryptocurrencies, and the regulation of cryptocurrencies. （1）The definition of cryptocurrencies Professor Kubota began to define cryptocurrencies by giving examples such as the distinction between Bitcoin and electronic money. He also pointed out that there is no clear definition for cryptocurrency, although it is characterised by its decentralized distribution. （2） Merits and demerits of cryptocurrencies Professor Kubota explained the high expectations of innovation raised by cryptocurrencies but also pointed out that there is a worldwide trend of tightening the regulation of cryptocurrencies because of the dangers of money laundring and hacking. He pointed out that such tightening of regulation is necessary given that with current legislation it is extremely difficult to control cryptocurrencies, in all jurisdictions, including Japan. （3）The regulation of cryptocurrencies Professor Kubota compared the positions of Japan and other jurisdictions (including China) and commented that, compared to elsewhere, the development of self-regulation by the financial industry in Japan is remarkable. Regarding the regulation of cryptocurrencies, he also discussed issues such as digital currencies of central banks, regulation in cyberspace, consumer protection and the development of universal rules for cryptocurrencies. 2. Comments and supplementary explanation Professor Iwahara gave comments on Professor Kubota’s keynote speech. He discussed the legal issues concerning cryptocurrencies. He introduced Hayek’s assertion and raised the question of whether Bitcoin is a currency destined to be able to avoid regulation. He also pointed out that to enable the wide utilization of cryptocurrencies, their stability, their safety and their convenience, their legality must be ensured. He then took up financial issues such as P2P trading of cryptocurrencies for the purpose of investment rather than payment. Professor Iwamura discussed cryptocurrencies in the context of monetary and financial policies, also referring to Hayek’s financial theories. He closed his remarks by suggesting that a calm response should be maintained towards the proposed issue of alternative currencies by the GAFA megacorporations, Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon. 3. Discussion Professors Kubota and Iwahara discussed how to apply the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act to ICOs (Initial Coin Offerings), and the possibility of applying the Trust Act in the event of cryptocurrency bankruptcies. In the discussion between Professors Kubota, Iwamura and Iwahara the following 3 issues were mentioned: 1）It is important to keep in mind that the financial policies of the Bank of Japan are unable to solve every problem. Self-regulation of the financial market is vital for democracy and a liberal economy. 2）Protection of encryption technologies of cryptocurrencies will be costly, given the computer processing power and energy required. 3）Given the anonymity of Bitcoin, it is not easy to identify its users in cases of wrongdoing. 4. Q&A In the Q&A session, issues such as the cost and security of blockchain and the influence of the Bank of Japan’s digital currency policies were discussed. The symposium attracted a large audience and the auditorium was fully occupied. The proceedings were live-streamed to those unable to find seats in the auditorium. A lively discussion between the audience and the speakers took place and the awareness of cryptocurrency issues increased.

19 (2) Public Lectures (28 in total) （★ denotes non-legal expert） 2018 April 3, No. 1 A p r i l Current Developments and Main Issues Concerning the Legislation of the Civil Code in China Lecturer: Weiqiu Long (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics) Translator: Yuan Chun Wen (Associate Professor, School of Law, Waseda University) Coordinator: Associate Professor Yuan Chun Wen (Research Member) ※23 participants (including 15 students) April 4, No. 2 The Developments of Sports Law in Europe Lecturer: Professor Rudolf Streinz (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) Translators: Mai Ishijima (Waseda University) Hideyuki Tanamura (Chuo University) Coordinator: Professor Masayuki Tanamura (Research Member) ※19 participants (including 5 students) April 5 No. 3 The Harmonization of EU law: Intellectual property law as a trendsetter Lecturer: Professor Geetrui van Overwalle (KU Leuven) Coordinator: Associate Professor Christoph Rademacher (Research Member) ※20 participants (including 15 students) April 20, No. 4 Integrated Pedagogy of Theories, Skills, and Responsibility at CUNY School of Law Lecturer: Professor Steven Mark Zeidman (City University of New York) Translator: Kenji Fukuda (Lawyer) Coordinator: Professor Shigeo Miyagawa (Research Member) ※60 participants (including 41 students) April 23, No .5 Direct and Indirect Discrimination in U.S. Disability Legislation Lecturer: Professor Arlene S. Kanter (Syracuse University) Coordinator: Professor Yoshimi Kikuchi (Research Member) ※22 participants (including 2 students) April 24 No. 6 Adoption of the Section on Marriage and Family in the Chinese Civil Code Lecturer: Professor Linping Wang (Shandong University Law School Vice Dean and Professor) Translator: Yuanzhou Yang (Waseda University) Coordinator: Associate Professor Yuan Chun Wen (Research Member) ※36 participants (including 33 students) April 25 (Host: Waseda Law School, Co-host: ICL) American Law School as a Social Innovator Lecturer: Professor Carol Suzuki (University of New Mexico) Translator: Atsushi Shiraki (Lawyer) Convenor: Professor Shigeo Miyagawa (Research Member) ※41 participants (including 11 students) April 28, No. 7 Dutch Experiments with Community-based Integrated Care Lecturer: Ms. Jeanett A. Taudin Chabot (journalist, translator, coordinator) ★ Coordinator: Professor Masaoki Ishikawa (Research Member) ※26 participants (including 4 students) M a y May 15, No. 8 Exploring the Cross-Section between IP Law and Criminal Sanctions Lecturer: Professor Irina D. Manta (Hofstra University) Coordinator: Associate Professor Christoph Rademacher (Research Member) ※74 participants (including 27 students)

20 May 16, No. 9 Revision of the Constitution in 2018 in the light of the History of Constitutional Revision in China Lecturer: Professor Heping Dong (Qingdao University) Translator: Qiang Fu (Waseda University) Coordinator: Professor Masanori Okada (Research Member) ※21 participants (including 17 students) May 17, No. 10 EU Antitrust Law and Brexit Lecturer: Professor Florian Wagner von Papp (University College London) Coordinator: Professor Hiroshi Oda (Research Member) ※13 participants (including 7 students) J u n e June 15, No. 11 Product liability in a comparative perspective: Italy, the EU, and China Lecturer: Dr. Stefano Pellegatta (University of Milan-Bicocca) Coordinator: Professor Tamio Nakamura (Research Member) ※ 14 participants (including 7 students) June 18, No. 12 Ex aequo et bono judgments in international arbitration Lecturer: Dr. Martino Zulberti (University of Milan-Bicocca) Coordinator: Professor Takashi Kubota (Research Member) ※40 participants (including 35 students) J u l y July 6, No. 13 The Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, and its impact on the European Union in its gender equality policies Lecturer: Professor Sara De Vido (Ca’ Foscari University, Italy) Coordinator: Professor Tamio Nakamura (Research Member) ※9 participants (including 7 students) July 19, No. 14 The Chinese Model as a Major Competitor to Liberal Democracy Lecturer: Professor John Reitz (University of Iowa) Translator: Hotaka Mochizuki (Waseda University) Coordinator: Professor Shigeo Miyagawa (Research Member) ※15 participants (including 8 students) July 20, No. 15 Demystifying Counterfeiting in China Lecturer: Professor John Reitz (University of Iowa) Coordinator: Associate Professor Christoph Rademacher (Research Member) ※16 participants (including 11 students) July 27, No. 16 Political Systems in Central and Eastern Europe Lecturer: Professor Szabo Zsolt (Karoli Gaspar University) Coordinator: Professor Yasuo Hasebe (Research Member) ※9 participants (including 2 students)

▲No.13, The Council of Europe’s Istanbul Convention on preventing ▲No.15, Demystifying Counterfeiting in China (20 July 2018) and combating violence against women and domestic violence, and its impact on the European Union in its gender equality policies (6 July 2018)

21 ▲No.17, Legal Tools to Promote Substantive Gender Equality in ▲No.18, An Introduction to EU Criminal Law and its Main Europe (24 October 2018) Challenges (31 October 2018)

October October 24, No. 17 Legal Tools to Promote Substantive Gender Equality in Europe Lecturer: Professor Isabelle Rovive (Directrice du Centre Perelman de philosophie du droit) Coordinator: Associate Professor Kyoko Ishida (Research Member) ※9 participants (including 8 students) October 31, No. 18 An Introduction to EU Criminal Law and its Main Challenges Lecturer: Professor Anne Weyembergh (Université Libre de Bruxelles) Coordinator: Professor Shin Matsuzawa (Research Member) ※17 participants (including 12 students) October 31, No. 19 A Study on Nationality and Descent from the Perspective of the Legal Status of “Nikkeijin” Lecturer: Assistant Professor Chie Ishida (School of Law, Waseda University) ★ ※13 participants (including 5 students) November November 21, No. 20 Human Rights Tectonics: Global Dynamics of Integration and Fragmentation Lecturer: Professor Emmanuelle Bribosia (Université Libre de Bruxelles, Director of the Centre for European Law) Coordinator: Professor Shuichi Furuya (Research Member) ※23 participants (including 8 students) December December 5, No. 21 Current Status and Challenges of Legal Issues of Organ Transplants in China Lecturer: Associate Professor Liu Jianli (Southeast University) Coordinator: Professor Katsunori Kai (Research Member) ※15 participants (including 6 students) December 6, No. 22 The 2nd ICL Film Screening and Discussion “Discussing Global Justice: 5The Return to Homs” Coordinator: Associate Professor Shun Kaku (Research Member) ※47 participants (including 20 students) December 14 No. 23 Der Entwurf der Völkerrechtskommission zu den Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit vor seiner zweiten Lesung Lecturer: Professor Claus Kreß (Universität zu Köln) Translator: Takashi Kubota (Doctoral Student, Graduate School of Law, ) Coordinator: Professor Yuki Nakamichi (Research Member) Co-hosts: Keio University Law School and Institute for Advanced Social Sciences, Waseda University ※22 participants (including 10 students)

▲ No.20, Human Rights Tectonics: Global Dynamics of ▲No. 23, Der Entwurf der Völkerrechtskommission zu den Integration and Fragmentation (21 November 2018) Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit vor seiner zweiten Lesung (14 December 2018) 22 2019 January 16, No. 24 January The Influence of Independent Administrative Agencies on French Administrative Law Lecturer: Associate Professor Asaya Ohashi (Research Member) ※7 participants January 22, No. 25 The Rome Statute at 20 years: achievements and challenges Lecturer: Mr. Peter Lewis (Registrar, International Criminal Court) Coordinator: Professor Shuichi Furuya (Research Member) ※104 participants (including 86 students) January 30, No. 26 Interpreting the Provisions against Bribery in Chinese Criminal Law Lecturer: Associate Professor Xiong Qi (Law School, Wuhan University) Translator: Associate Professor Makoto Tajimi (Hitotsubashi University) Coordinator: Professor Yoshiki Kurumisawa (Research Member) ※8 participants (including 3 students) March March 16, No. 27 Zum Entwicklungsstand der rechtlichen Maßnahmen gegen organisierte Kriminalität in Deutschland Lecturer: Professor Arndt Sinn (Universität Osnabrück Fachbereich, Rechtswissenschaften) Coordinator/Translator: Professor Yuki Nakamichi (Research Member) ※41 participants (including 11 students)

▲No.24, The Influence of Independent Administrative ▲No.26, Interpreting the Provisions Against Bribery in Agencies on French Administrative Law (16 January Chinese Criminal Law (30 January 2019) 2019)

▲No.25, The Rome Statute at 20 years: achievements and challenges (22 January 2019)

23 (3) Interdisciplinary public events（3 in total） （★denotes non-legal expert.） 2018 June 28 Interdisciplinary Event “The analysis of the TV Drama series We married as a job! from the perspectives of gender, law and society” Hosts: ICL, Gender Studies Institute Under the auspices of Waseda University Law Association, Office for Promotion of Equality and Diversity ※138 participants（132 undergraduate students, 3 graduate students, 12 faculty and staff） October 31 Interdisciplinary seminar “A Study on Nationality and Descent from the Perspective of the Legal Status of “Nikkeijin” ” Speaker: Chie Ishida (★Associate Professor, School of Law, Waseda University) ※13 participants (including 5 students) December 6 Film Screening and Discussion “Discussing Global Justice :the film The Return to Homs” Associate Professor Shun Kaku (Research Member) ※47 participants (including 20 students)

▲ Public Lecture and Discussion“A Study on ▲ Film Screening and Discussion “Disussing Global Nationality and Descent from the Perspective of the Justice: the film The Return to Homs”(6 December Legal Status of ‘Nikkeijin’”(31 October 2018) 2018)

24 Interdisciplinary Collaboration

The Institute of Comparative Law is committed to promoting interdisciplinary collaboration with other faculties within Waseda University, and organizations outside Waseda University. A summary of 2018’s interdisciplinary activities follows.

1. Interdisciplinary events In the spring semester, the ICL collaborated with the Gender Studies Institute at Waseda University to hold the event “The analysis of the TV drama series We married as a job! from the perspectives of gender, law and society”. The event was supported by the Law Association and the Office for Promotion of Equality and Diversity at Waseda University. In this event two sessions, a poster session and a forum theater session, were held. In the poster session, four groups presented their posters, and participants were free to join any of the four poster presentations and discussions. Each poster presentation gave rise to lively exchanges of opinions. At the forum theater, participants (both actors and audience) provided various insights into the original TV drama as well as into their adaptations, and thereby actively discussed marriage, gender roles, assumptions about gender, the nature of the family and other issues. The forum was a great success. In the autumn semester, another interdisciplinary seminar, “A Study on Nationality and Descent from the Perspective of the Legal Status of ‘Nikkeijin’ ” was held. The issues of dual nationality, the return of Nisei (second generation Japanese immigrants) to Japan and the reacquisition of Japanese nationality were discussed from legal as well as sociological points of view. The third event was a film screening and discussion. The film The Return to Homs (directed by Talal Derki) was screened, and the participants actively discussed global justice, with facilitation by Associate Professor Shun Kaku.

2. Themed seminars and lectures In 2018, “Fintech” (Financial Technology) was the theme of the year, and two symposia “Where Are Cryptocurrencies Heading?” (28 November 2018), and “UNCITRAL Model Law on Secured Transactions: Cryptocurrencies and Block Chain” (16 March 2019) were held. Many non-lawyers participated on both occasions.

3. Public workshop for young researchers A public workshop, “How to Teach Anglo-American Law in Japanese Universities” was held on 27 October 2018. The participants described their practices and experiences as tutors of Anglo-American law in Japanese universities at graduate as well as at undergraduate level, not exclusively in faculties of law but also in other faculties, including faculties of education. A lively discussion followed between senior and junior lecturers, and between students and lecturers, over effective and informative teaching of Anglo-American law in Japan.

25 Interdisciplinary Event Report “The analysis of the TV drama series We married as a job! from the perspectives of gender, law and society” 28 June 2018, 16:30-19:00 Co-Hosts: ICL and Gender Studies Institute, Waseda University 138 participants (Political Science and 1, Law 97, Humanities and Social Sciences / Culture, Media and Society 1, Education 3, Social Sciences 1, International Liberal Studies 1, Sport Sciences 4, Graduate students 3, faculty and staff 12)

Topic of analysis: We married as a job!, a popular TV drama series broadcast in 2016, based on the manga by Tsunami Umino, Nigeru wa Haji da ga Yaku ni Tatsu ["Running away is shameful, but useful"]

In their opening remarks, Professor Tamio Nakamura (Director of the ICL) and Professor Akiko Murata (Director of the Gender Studies Institute) explained the overall framework of the workshop, which consisted of two parts, the poster sessions, followed by the forum theater. They hoped this event would facilitate discussion among participants on gender roles and the relevance of law in our society.

Poster sessions Participants were free to take part in any of the four poster sessions, listening to presentations and then asking questions afterwards. A. The students’ team “Gender issues: Running away is shameful and in vain ” The team presented the results of their research into newspaper articles covering various gender issues, including differences of opinion between women and men over their roles in housework and childcare, and domestic violence. (The team consisted of four students from different faculties, i.e., the International Liberal Studies Faculty, the Political Science and Economics Faculty, the Culture, Media and Society Faculty, and the School of Law.)

B. The university staff’s team “Coping with family issues from the perspective of joint management responsibility – Hiramasa’s future as a man assuming the role of childcare” The team gave presentations from the perspective of married working adults. The team drew a comparison between two cases based on the TV drama. One was that the main characters Hiramasa and Mikuri remained unmarried. The other was that Hiramasa and Mikuri married. The team also analyzed each hypothetical family’s way of living, and how a man would assume the role of childcare in each case. (The team consisted of three members, respectively from the Office for Promotion of Equality and Diversity, the Alumni Affairs Section, and the School of Law.)

C. The combined students and working adults’ team “How adults can learn from the TV drama We married as a job!” The team presented their own experiences of two kinds of courses; practical courses in childrearing for men run by childcare groups, and community centre courses, with creche facilities, run by community centres. (The team consisted of graduate students from the Graduate School of Letters, Arts and Sciences, and working adults.)

D. The students’ team “Exploitation in the name of love: can we remain unaware?” The team presented their posters on the following issues: the disproportionate share of the burden of housework that falls to women, racial discrimination, and reluctance to accept families that do not follow the traditional model of marriage between and parenting by a man and a woman, and the lack of awareness of these social issues. (The team consisted of two undergraduate students from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, and two graduate students from the Graduate School of Letters, Arts and Sciences.) Each team’s poster presentation generated active exchanges of opinions, in addition to which question and answer sessions were held.

Forum theater At the Forum Theater, students and faculty members performed three sketches, based on episodes from the TV drama We married as a job! The three sketches showcased 1) a scene about corporate restructuring followed

26 by a marriage proposal 2) a morning scene representing exploitation in the name of love and the division of housework and 3) a scene querying assumptions about making lunch boxes and attending drinking parties. The original scenes changed when members of the audience stepped into the roles and improvised. Discussions then followed. (The scripts were written and performed by ten graduate and undergraduate students from the Faculties of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, Culture, Media and Society, Social Sciences and the Graduate School of Law.)

Corporate restructuring and a marriage proposal Students acted a scene when Hiramasa was dismissed by his boss after corporate restructuring and Hiramasa subsequently went home and proposed to Mikuri. The audience reacted to the scene by posing such questions as -Why was Hiramasa selected for dismissal during corporate restructuring on the grounds that he was not married, regardless of his excellent work abilities? -When choosing candidates to lay off during corporate restructuring, is it appropriate that a deciding factor is whether they are married or not?

Morning scene representing exploitation in the name of love and the division of housework Students acted a scene set in a conventional family whose father is the breadwinner while the mother looks after the housework and the children. Participants explored modern alternatives to this traditional model for married couples and families by acting additional scenes, of a mother sharing household chores with her husband, and a couple discussing the value of housework.

Lunch boxes and drinking parties: gender roles Students acted a scene invoking such questions as “Why should women be modest and why is it assumed that women should be able to cook?” or “I don’t drink and I wonder why I have to pay more money than a woman for a drinking party just because I am a man.” Subsequent actors changed the script by adding or modifying characters in the story, and then participants further discussed new possibilities for diversified ways of living which do not adhere to stereotypes.

At the forum theater, participants (both actors and audience) provided various insights into the social background of the TV drama and thereby actively discussed marriage, gender roles, assumptions about gender, the family and related issues. The forum was a great success. The moderator of the forum theater, Assistant Professor Kotoe Yauchi, (School of Humanities and Social Sciences) noted how the executive committee members had worked creatively together to organize the forum theater, creating new scripts to build on the TV drama’s episodes so as to present situations inviting fruitful exploration and discussion of gender issues in modern society. She praised the students’ creative efforts.

Closing remarks: Professor Naoko Yuge stated that this event was remarkable in that it was co-hosted by the ICL and the Gender Studies Institute under the auspices of the Waseda University Law Association and the Office for Promotion of Equality and Diversity. The event was worthy of note because of the great diversity of its participants, including the collaboration of undergraduate students and faculty members. This event provided the important opportunity for us to reevaluate our ways of living. Professor Tamio Nakamura gave concluding remarks from a legal perspective. He hoped that students from faculties other than law faculties would try to increase their awareness of law as it relates to gender issues. Society will not achieve beneficial changes immediately through law; nevertheless law is a powerful means of changing society. We can defend ourselves in critical situations if we are armed with knowledge of law. He welcomed participants who were not specialists in law to this event, and to other such future events.

27 Organization of the Institute of Comparative Law

Director Deputy Director NAKAMURA, Tamio (Professor, Faculty of Law) KURONUMA, Etsuro (Professor, Faculty of Law)

Committee members HAKOI,Takashi AOKI, Noriyuki EIZUMI,Yoshinobu GOTO,Makinori HASEBE,Yasuo (from Sep. 2018) HASHIMOTO,Yuki HONMA,Yasunori ISHIDA, Kyoko KAI, Katsunori KAMANO,Kuniki (until Sept. 2018) KAWANO, Mariko KIKUCHI, Yoshimi KITAGAWA,Kayoko KONISHI,Tokikazu KUBOTA,Takashi

KURONUMA,Etsuro KURUMISAWA,Yoshiki MATSUMURA MATSUZAWA,Shin NAKAMURA, (until Sept. 2018) Kazunori Tamio (from Sep. 2018) OBA, Hiroyuki OGAWA, Yoshiki OHKI,Masatoshi OKADA,Masanori OSAKI, Yasuhiro

OTSUKA, Hideaki SHIMIZU,Akio SHIRAISHI,Dai SUAMI, Takao SUGAWARA,Ikuo

TAKADA,Masahiro TAMURA, Tatsuhisa TAYAMA,Satoshi TERASAKI,Yoshihiro TESHIGAHARA, (from Sep. 2018) Kazuhiko

WATANABE,Tetsuya WEN,Yuanchun YAMAGUCHI, Nariaki

28 Members（as of 1 November 2018） Research Members Public Law Commercial Law Faculty of Commercial Education and Constitutional ENDO, Mina Faculty of Law FUKUSHIMA, Hironao Law Company Integrated Arts Law Law and Sciences Constitutional Faculty of Law and Commercial GOTO, Mitsuo Faculty of Law HAKOI, Takashi Social Sciences Administrative Law Law Institute for Constitutional Faculty of Law HASEBE, Yasuo Advanced ISHIKAWA, Mai Company Law Law Study Constitutional Commercial Faculty of Law HATAEI, Satoshi Faculty of Law IWAHARA, Shinsaku Law Law Administrative Commercial Faculty of Law HITOMI, Takeshi Faculty of Law WAKABAYASHI,Yasunobu Law Law Constitutional Faculty of Commercial Faculty of Law KANAZAWA, Takeshi KAWASHIMA, Izumi Law Social Sciences Law Faculty of KAWAGISHI, Constitutional Commercial Political Science Faculty of Law KURONUMA, Etsuro Norikazu Law Law and Economics Administrative and Faculty of Faculty of Commercial KUROKAWA, Satoshi Environmental NAKAMURA, Nobuo Social Sciences Commerce Law Law Constitutional Commercial Faculty of Law MIZUSHIMA, Asaho Faculty of Law OSAKI, Yasuhiro Law Law Constitutional Commercial Faculty of Law NAKAJIMA, Toru Faculty of Law OTSUKA, Hideaki Law Law Administrative Faculty of Commercial Faculty of Law OKADA, Masanori SHIBAZAKI, Satoru Law Commerce Law Administrative Commercial Faculty of Law SUTO, Shigeyuki Faculty of Law TORIYAMA, Kyoichi Law、Tax Law Law Administrative Commercial Faculty of Law TAMURA, Tatsuhisa Faculty of Law UEMURA, Tatsuo Law Law Faculty of Faculty of Law WATANABE, Tetsuya Tax Law WADA, Munehisa Company Law Commerce Commercial Faculty of Law WATANABE, Hiroyuki Law

Civil Law Criminal Law Faculty of Law AKIYAMA, Yasuhiro Civil Law Faculty of Law AKUTAGAWA,Masahiro Criminal Law Faculty of Law AOKI, Noriyuki Civil Law Faculty of Law ENDO, Sota Criminal Law Criminal Faculty of Law GOTO, Makinori Civil Law Faculty of Law HIEDA, Masahiro Procedure Law Criminal Faculty of Law HASHIMOTO, Yuki Civil Law Faculty of Law INOUE, Masahito Procedure Law Faculty of Law ISOMURA, Tamotsu Civil Law Faculty of Law ISHIKAWA, Masaoki Criminal Policy Faculty of Law IWASHI, Waichiro Civil Law Faculty of Law KAI, Katsunori Criminal Law Faculty of Law KAMANO, Kuniki Civil Law Faculty of Law KIKUCHI, Kazuki Criminal Law Faculty of Education and KITAYAMA,Masayaki Civil Law Faculty of Law KITAGAWA, Kayoko Criminal Law Integrated Arts and Sciences Faculty of Law OBA, Hiroyuki Civil Law Faculty of Law KONISHI, Tokikazu Criminal Policy Faculty of Law OHMI, Koji Civil Law Faculty of Law MATSUBARA, Yoshihiro Criminal Law Faculty of Civil Law and ONISHI, Yasuhiro Faculty of Law MATSUZAWA, Shin Criminal Law Social Sciences Land Law Faculty of Faculty of Law SAIGUSA, Kenji Civil Law NAKAMICHI, Yuki Criminal Law Social Sciences Criminal Faculty of Law SHIRAISHI, Dai Civil Law Faculty of Law OGAWA, Yoshiki Procedure Law TANAMURA, Criminal Faculty of Law Civil Law Faculty of Law SAKAMAKI,Tadashi Masayuki Procedure Law Civil Law and Faculty of Law YAMAGUCHI, Nariaki Faculty of Law SUGIMOTO, Kazutoshi Criminal Law Medical Law Faculty of Law YAMANOME, Akio Civil Law Faculty of Law TAKAHASHI, Norio Criminal Law YAMASHIRO, Faculty of Law Civil Law Faculty of Law TAYAMA, Satomi Criminal Law Kazuma Criminal Faculty of Law YOSHIDA, Katsumi Civil Law Faculty of Law TERASAKI, Yoshihiro Procedure Law Faculty of Criminal YOSHIDA, Kazuo Civil Law Faculty of Law YOSHIDA, Hideyasu Social Sciences Procedure Law

29 Labor Law and Social Security Law Gender Studies Faculty of Law ASAKURA, Mutsuko and Law Social Security Faculty of Law KIKUCHI, Yoshimi Law Faculty of Law KOBAYASHI, Jyoji Labor Law Faculty of Law OHKI, Masatoshi Labor Law Faculty of Law SHIMADA, Yoichi Labor Law Faculty of Law TAKEUCHI, Hisashi Labor Law

Civil Procedure Law Theories of Law Civil Procedure Faculty of Social Faculty of Law HONMA, Yasunori HARADA,Toshihiko Legal History Law Sciences Civil Procedure Legal Professional Faculty of Law KATO, Tetsuo Faculty of Law ISHIDA, Kyoko Law Ethics MATSUMURA, Civil Procedure Faculty of Law Faculty of Law KAKU,Shun Law philosophy Kazunori Law Civil Procedure KURUMISAWA, Sociology of Law・ Faculty of Law NAKAMORI,Kaori Faculty of Law Law Yoshiki Land Law Civil Procedure Anglo-American Faculty of Law SUGAWARA, Ikuo Faculty of Law MIYAGAWA, Shigeo Law Law Civil Procedure Anglo-American Faculty of Law TAKADA Masahiro Faculty of Law NAKAMURA, Tamio Law Law TESHIGAHARA, Civil Procedure Faculty of Law Faculty of Law ODA, Hiroshi Russian Law Kazuhiko Law Civil Procedure Faculty of Law UCHIDA, Yoshiatsu Faculty of Law OHASHI, Asaya French Law Law Civil Procedure Faculty of Social International Faculty of Law YAMAMOTO, Ken TAGA, Hidetoshi Law Sciences Relations Faculty of UNO, Kazuo Sociology Commerce Sociology of Law, Faculty of Law WADA, Yoshitaka International Law Legal Practice History of Faculty of Law BANZAI, Hiroyuki International Law Faculty of Law WANI,Kaya Legislation Private Faculty of Law DOGAUCHI, Masato Faculty of Law WEN, Yuan Chun Chinese Law International Law Private International Law・ Faculty of Social Medical Law, Faculty of Law EIZUMI, Yoshinobu YOKONO, Megumu International Trade Sciences Bioethics Law Faculty of Law FURUYA, Shuichi International Law Faculty of Law KAWANO, Mariko International Law Environmental and Economic Law International Faculty of Law KUBOTA, Takashi Faculty of Law OKADA, Toshihiro Economic Law Finance Law Civil Law Faculty of Law SHIMIZU, Akio International Law Faculty of Law OTSUKA, Tadashi Environmental law International RADEMACHER, Intellectual Faculty of Law SUAMI, Takao Business Faculty of Law Christoph Property Law Transactions Faculty of Social SHIDO, Makoto Environmental Law Sciences Intellectual Faculty of Law TAKABAYASHI, Ryu Legal Practitioners Property Law Faculty of Law OKUYAMA, Takeshi Company Law Faculty of Law TSUCHIDA, Kazuhiro Economic Law Administrative Intellectual Faculty of Law KOJIMA, Nobuo Faculty of Law UENO, Tatsuhiro Law Property Law Civil Procedure Faculty of Law TANAKA, Masato Law MATSUBARA, Civil Procedure Faculty of Law Other social sciences Masaaki Law MATSUMOTO, Faculty of Faculty of Law Company Law IWAMURA, Mitsuru Finance Shinsuke Commerce Faculty of Political Western Political Science and NAKAUCHI, Eizo History Economics

30 Research Affiliates Research on Civil Procedure in Other Countries Comparative Study of Asian Constitutional Law ADACHI, Eiji Nagoya University of Economics MIZUSHIMA, Reo OsakaCityUniversity HISASUE, Yayoi MORIGUCHI,Chihiro KAWANAKA, Ritsumeikan University OKUDA, Yoshimichi Hiroyoshi Fukushima University KIM, Byonghak The University of Tokyo SHISHIDO, Joji KONDO, Takashi Research on Anglo-American Juvenile Law Meiji University NAKAYAMA, Koji Kumamoto University NAITO, Hiromi SAKAMOTO, Keizo SHISHIKURA, Yuta SUGIMOTO, Kokushikan University TATSUNO, Bunri Kazushi TAJIRI, Yasuyuki Kokushikan University YOSHIKAI, Taichi Comparative Legal Research on Economic Tokyo Metropolitan University TANAHASHI, Yohei Administrative Law and Theory YANAGISAWA, Meijo University Nagoya Gakuin University BANDO, Hiroyuki Yuji 2Change and Development of Constitutional Law Aoyama Gakuin University FUKAWA, Mayuko toward the 21st Century Iwate Prefectural University CHIKUNI,Ryosuke Kanazawa University HIRAKAWA, Eiko The University of Tokyo GIRAUDOU, Isabelle JO, Wonje JITSUHARA, Fukuoka University Ehime University KWON, Gibob Takashi Hirosaki University KAWAI, Masao MORI, Toshiki LEE, Dooyoung Kanazawa University OSANAI, Hiroki Kyorin University LIU, Di Nagoya University SHIMOYAMA, Kenji Saitama University MIYAKE, Yuuhiko Aichi Gakuin University SUGIHARA,,Takeshi NEMORI, Ken Toyo University TERA, Yohei Nanjing University of Finance and SAITO, Kazuhisa WANG,Shuliang Economics TAKAHASHI, Heisei International University YAMADA, Shinichiro Masato St.Andrew's University YAMAMOTO, Junichi EastChina Universityof YANG, Guanpeng PoliticalScienceandLaw AnalysisoftheLatestDevelopmentsinFrenchLawforthePurposeofMaking aDatabase Research on Recent Court Cases in China Rissho University BABA, Satomi Takushoku University CHOU, Tomoaki HINO, Tatsuya Hokuriku University HU, Guanghui ISHIKAWA, Higashi Nippon International Seigakuin University KONG, Xiaoxin Yuichiro University Oita University KOYAMA, Takaharu KUNIYA, Satoshi SHIRAISHI, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences LU, Yanbin Tomonori Comparative Research on Intellectual Property Law and Aichi University MATSUI, Naoyuki International Trade Law Aoyama Gakuin University HAMABE, Yoichiro Waseda University MITARAI, Daisuke Aoyama Gakuin University ITO, Takaya Hitotsubashi University TAJIMI, Makoto Tokyo Metropolitan University KIM, Jiman Asia University XIA, Yu TANEMURA, Tokyo Metropolitan University Wuhan University Xiong Qi Yusuke Research on the United States Supreme Court Comprehensive Study of Medical Law HARAGUCHI, Chuo University AMADA, Yu Yoshiaki The University of British Columbia MATSUI, Shigenori Hokkai-Gakuen University CHIBA, Kazuki Kanto Gakuin University YOSHIDA, Hitomi Shibaura Institute of Technology HONDA, Mari National Center of Neurology and IKKA, Tsunakuni Studies on Anglo-American Criminal Law Psychiatry Okayama University HARADA, Kazuyuki Kyushu University KAWAHARA, Naoto KATO, Katsuyoshi Toyo University MUTO, Masaaki Nagoya University KOJIMA, Jun Studies on the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom MATSUDA, Toyo University The University of Tokyo ASAKA, Kichimoto Masateru Shimane University OBA, Saori Tohoku University KITAJIMA, Shusaku

31 Doshisha University SHUMI, Mitsuo Tezukayama University SANO, Yutaka Meijo University TAKIYA, Hideyuki Miyagi University of Education TAKAHASHI, Shuichi TAMARUYA, Meiji University UCHIDA, Yukitaka Rikkyo University Masayuki WATANABE, University of Tsukuba Takuya

Studies of Current Development of European Law Study on International Law of Responsibility HASHIMOTO, Yoko Surugadai University KONAKA, Satsuki Lawyer (Ph.D) KUROIWA, Yoko Nagoya Gakuin University MINAKAWA, Makoto NAKANISHI, Kyoto University Kokugakuin University MIYAUCHI, Yasuhiko Yasushi Senshu University OBASE, Takuma Rissho University NAGATA, Takahide OFUJI, Noriko GakushuinWomen’s College SAKURAI, Daizo Osaka University SAIRENJI, Takayuki Aichi Gakuin University TAZUNOKI, Shinya J. F. Oberlin University SATOU, Ikuko Research on Fragmentation of International Law Toyo University TADA, Hideaki HIROMI, Masayuki Asia University UEDA, Hiromi Hokkaido University KOYANO, Mari Research on Scandinavian Law Aoyama Gakuin University SHIN, Hea Bong IMAI, Yosuke SETA, Makoto University of Tsukuba KIZAKI, Shunsuke Meiji Gakuin University TSURUTA, Jun Seiwa University LI, Yan Hong Fundamental Research on Amending Tort Law MATSUMOTO, HASHIMOTO, Saitama University Kyoto University Yoshifusa Yoshiyuki Takasaki City University of Ecomonics OGATA, Sho Aichi Gakuin University MAEDA, Taro Ehime University TAGAWA, Yasuhiro Tohoku University NAKAHARA, Taro Research on Law and Sustainability Toyo University OSAKA, Eri Comparative Law Research on the Remedy for Violation Senshu University II, Takayuki of Human Rights Norinchukin Research Institute KAMEOKA, Kohei Kaetsu University ISHIKAWA, Mitsuharu Chubu University KUME, Hideyo Nagoya University MURAKAMI, Masako Japan International Cooperation KUWAHARA, Yokohama National University NISHIKAWA, Kayo Agency Naoko Kochi University OGATA, Kenichi Nihon University ODA, Tsukasa Tokoha University OGAWA, Yuji Nihon University YOSHIDA, Junpei TAKAHASHI, Analysis of the problems of and the future amendment of University of Toyama Mitsuhiko the Basic Law of the Environment Takaoka University of Law UECHI, Ichiro Nagoya University AKABUCHI, Yoshihiro Comprehensive Research of Social Law in Population Nihon Fukushi University FUTAMI, Eriko Reduction Society Japan Association for International HokuseiGakuenUniversity HAYASHI, Kentaro Collaboration of Agriculture and FUJIOKA, Norio Forestry TheJapanInstituteforLabourPolicyandTraining HOSOKAWA,Ryo Tsuru University KOJIMA, Megumi Miyazaki Sangyo-keiei University KOGA, Shuhei Otsuma Women’s University KIMURA, Hitomi TheJapanInstituteforLabourPolicyandTraining NAITO,Shinobu Sophia University KUWAHARA, Yushin SUZUKI, Toshiharu Yokohama National University OIKAWA, Hiroki TSUNEMORI, Shitennoji University Kobe University SHIMAMURA, Takeshi Yusuke East China University of Political Science ZOU, Tingyun Meiji Gakuin University TSURUTA, Jun and Law Development of German Constitutional Theory Daito Bunka University FUJII, Yasuhiro Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Hong, Ji Astronautics Komazawa University MIYAKE, Yuuhiko Kanagawa University NEMORI, Ken Hokkaido University of Education OKUDA, Yoshimichi Takushoku University TAKAHASHI, Masato

32 S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 9 , Institute of Comparative Law, Waseda University

1-6-1 Nishi-waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan Email: [email protected] Phone: (+81) 03-3208-8610

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