Sustainability and Visitor Management in Tourist Historic Cities
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Sustainability and Visitor Management Historic in Tourist Cities Sustainability • Rubén Camilo Lois González, Pérez Guilarte Yamilé and Lucrezia Lopez and Visitor Management in Tourist Historic Cities Edited by Rubén Camilo Lois González, Yamilé Pérez Guilarte and Lucrezia Lopez Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Sustainability www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Sustainability and Visitor Management in Tourist Historic Cities Sustainability and Visitor Management in Tourist Historic Cities Special Issue Editors Rub´enCamilo Lois Gonz´alez Yamil´eP´erez Guilarte Lucrezia Lopez MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade • Manchester • Tokyo • Cluj • Tianjin Special Issue Editors Yamil´ePerez´ Guilarte Ruben´ Camilo Lois Gonzalez´ University of A Coru na˜ University of Santiago de Compostela Spain Spain Lucrezia Lopez University of Santiago de Compostela Spain Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050) (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability/ special issues/visitormanagement). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03936-244-8 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-03936-245-5 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Jorge Ricardo Pinto (Livraria Lello e Irmao).˜ c 2020 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... vii Preface to ”Sustainability and Visitor Management in Tourist Historic Cities” .......... ix Carmen M´ınguez,Mar´ıaJos´ePi˜neira and Alfonso Fern´andez-Tabales Social Vulnerability and Touristification of Historic Centers Reprinted from: Sustainability 2019, 11, 4478, doi:10.3390/su11164478 ................ 1 InˆesGusman, Pedro Chamusca, Jos´eFernandes and Jorge Pinto Culture and Tourism in Porto City Centre: Conflicts and (Im)Possible Solutions Reprinted from: Sustainability 2019, 11, 5701, doi:10.3390/su11205701 ................ 25 Dario Bertocchi and Francesco Visentin “The Overwhelmed City”: Physical and Social Over-Capacities of Global Tourism in Venice Reprinted from: Sustainability 2019, 11, 6937, doi:10.3390/su11246937 ................ 47 Luis Alfonso Escudero G´omez Residents’ Opinions and Perceptions of Tourism Development in the Historic City of Toledo, Spain Reprinted from: Sustainability 2019, 11, 3854, doi:10.3390/su11143854 ................ 67 Yamil´eP´erez Guilarte and Daniel Barreiro Quint´ans Using Big Data to Measure Tourist Sustainability: Myth or Reality? Reprinted from: Sustainability 2019, 11, 5641, doi:10.3390/su11205641 ................ 91 Ana Mu noz-Maz˜ on,´ Laura Fuentes-Moraleda, Angela Chantre-Astaiza and Marlon-Felipe Burbano-Fernandez The Study of Tourist Movements in Tourist Historic Cities: A Comparative Analysis of the Applicability of Four Different Tools Reprinted from: Sustainability 2019, 11, 5265, doi:10.3390/su11195265 ................111 Antonietta Ivona, Antonella Rinella and Francesca Rinella Glocal Tourism and Resilient Cities: The Case of Matera “European Capital of Culture 2019” Reprinted from: Sustainability 2019, 11, 4118, doi:10.3390/su11154118 ................137 v About the Special Issue Editors Rub´en Camilo Lois Gonz´alez is Full Professor of Geography in the Department of Geography at the University of Santiago de Compostela. He was the General Director for Tourism of the Autonomous Government of Galicia (2005–2009). Currently, he is the coordinator of the research group ANTE (Territorial Analysis), at the University of Santiago de Compostela, director of the Department of Geography, and Vice-president of the International Geographical Union. His main research lines are Geography and Urban Planning, Regional Studies, and Social Geography and Regional Planning. He has been an invited Professor at the Universities of Le Mans, Caen and Toulouse-Le Mirail (France), Bergen and Finmark University College (Norway), and visiting Professor in Calgary (Canada). He is the author of more than two hundred publications and has published a considerable number of articles in scientific reviews, such as Geographical Research, Tourism Management Perspective, Die Erde, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, and Tourism and Hospitality Research. He has been the main researcher of various international projects, including the “Spatial Indicators for a Europe 2020 Strategy Territorial Analysis” from the ESPON Programme. He is a counselor for research in Italy and Romania. Yamil´eP´erez Guilarte is Interim Lecturer of Didactics of Social Sciences at the University of A Coruna˜ and Associate Researcher at the Institute for Studies and Development of Galicia (IDEGA) of the University of Santiago de Compostela. She holds an International PhD in Tourism Management and Planning from the University of Santiago de Compostela (2014). She is a member of the Geography group of Tourism, Leisure and Recreation of the Spanish Association of Geography (AGE). Her main lines of research are heritage education, cultural and urban tourism, sustainable management, and application of big data in tourism. She has published in international scientific peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of Heritage Tourism, Sustainability, Italian Journal of Planning Practice, Cuadernos de Turismo, Revista Anuario de Turismo y Sociedad, and Revista Investigaciones Tur´ısticas. She has also contributed to chapters in books published by prestigious publishers, such as Springer, Peter Lang, and Thomson Reuters. She has been invited as a reviewer in several scientific publications. She has presented the results of her research at various international conferences and has been a member of several organizations and scientific committees. She has also participated as a member of the research team in various competitive research projects at regional, national, and European levels. vii Lucrezia Lopez is Lecturer of Geography at the Department of Geography of the University of Santiago de Compostela. She holds a European PhD in Geography from the University of Santiago de Compostela (2012). Her main research lines include the following: human and cultural geography; tourism geography; heritage and heritage management; geography of pilgrimages and geography of sacred spaces (cultural itineraries and the Way of St. James); geo-humanities. She has published in international scientific reviews, such as Mobilities, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Gender, Place and Culture, Emotion, Space and Society, and Sustainability. She has also published books and has contributed to chapters in prestigious publishers, such as Springer and Thomson Reuters. She has worked on and is a member of various research projects at international, national, and regional levels. She has participated in the organization of international R&D activities and has presented several works at national and international conferences. She is a reviewer in several scientific academic journals and research projects. She has been Visiting Researcher at the Universite` Paris 1- La Sorbonne (France), at the Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL) (United Kingdom), and at the University of Bari (Italy) and the University of Siena-Arezzo. viii Preface to “Sustainability and Visitor Management in Tourist Historic Cities” From a cultural point of view, historic cities have a secular legacy that expresses the basis of the community’s identity, while, from an economic perspective, they are linked to the consideration of heritage and culture as drivers of development [1]. In this sense, historic cities are major tourist attractions that lead to an influx of visitors, which threatens their sustainability [2–4]. G. J. Ashworth and J. E. Tunbridge [5] developed the concept of tourist historic cities (THCs) as areas in which urban structure, architecture, and artifacts are used to create heritage assets that are based on place. Historic cities are also “convergent spaces”: They lead to coinciding social behaviors, as various activities take place within their “borders”. Tourist activity is continually increasing in tourist historic cities. It contributes to local and regional economic development but also creates significant social and environmental problems that are heightened by the increase in the population living in these spaces. Sustainable practices are key factors in reaching balanced economic, social, and environmental development. The concept of sustainable tourism management means regulating and controlling the rate of growth within a destination [6–9]. However, putting sustainability into practice is a complex process, due to the lack of practical tools for measuring the impacts of tourism in all their dimensions. In fact, UNWTO launched the Measuring Sustainable Tourism (MST) project to develop an international statistical framework for measuring the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of tourism. As new sources of