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The ESO Survey Telescopes — Mapping the Sky in the Finest Detail

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The ESO Survey Telescopes — Mapping the Sky in the Finest Detail The ESO Survey Telescopes — Mapping the Sky in the Finest Detail European Southern Observatory The Milky Way arches over the VISTA telescope. Credit: ESO/Y. Beletsky The ESO Survey Telescopes — Mapping the Sky in the Finest Detail Two powerful survey telescopes — the sky at near-infrared wavelengths. VISTA National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF). Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope was conceived and developed by a The VST became operational at Paranal for Astronomy (VISTA) and the VLT Survey consortium of 18 UK universities led by early in 2011. Telescope (VST) — are sited at ESO’s Queen Mary, University of London, and its Paranal Observatory in northern Chile. construction was managed by the UK The scientific goals of the surveys include They are arguably the most powerful Science and Technology Facilities Coun- many of the most exciting problems in dedicated imaging survey telescopes in cil’s UK Astronomy Technology Centre in astrophysics today, ranging from the nature the world and greatly increase the scien- Edinburgh. VISTA was given to ESO as of dark energy to the threat of near-Earth tific discovery potential of the Paranal an in-kind contribution as part of the UK’s asteroids. Large teams of astronomers Observatory. accession agreement. throughout Europe are conducting the surveys. Some cover most of the southern Many of the most interesting astronomical VISTA’s main mirror is the most highly sky while others focus on smaller areas. objects — from tiny, but potentially dan- curved mirror of its size ever made and its gerous, near-Earth asteroids to the most construction is a formidable accomplish- Both VISTA and the VST are producing remote quasars — are rare. Finding them ment. At the heart of VISTA is a 3-tonne huge quantities of data — far more every is like looking for a needle in a haystack. camera containing 16 special detectors night than all the other instruments on The largest telescopes, such as ESO’s sensitive to infrared light with a combined the VLT put together. A single picture Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the NASA/ total of 67 megapixels. It has the widest taken by VISTA has 67 megapixels and ESA Hubble Space Telescope, can only coverage of any astronomical near-infrared images from OmegaCam on the VST study a minute part of the sky at any one camera. have 268 megapixels. Together, the two time, but VISTA and the VST are designed survey telescopes produce more than to photograph large areas quickly and Observing at wavelengths longer than 100 terabytes of data per year. deeply. The two telescopes are busy per- those visible to the human eye allows forming a total of nine carefully designed VISTA to study objects that are impossible surveys and creating vast archives of to see in visible light because they are both images and catalogues of objects cool, obscured by dust clouds or because that will be harvested by astronomers for their light has been stretched towards decades to come. redder wavelengths by the expansion of space during the light’s long journey from The survey telescopes have a vital role the early Universe. in preparing the way for future facilities such as the European Extremely Large VISTA can detect and catalogue objects (glphoto.it) Lombardi ESO/G. Credit: Telescope (E-ELT) and the James Webb over the whole southern sky with a sen- Space Telescope (JWST). sitivity that is 40 times greater than achieved with earlier infrared sky surveys The surveys are producing science such as the highly successful Two Micron directly, but, in addition, interesting objects All-Sky Survey. The VISTA surveys started discovered by the survey telescopes early in 2010. are forming targets for detailed study both by the neighbouring VLT and by other The VST is a state-of-the-art 2.6-metre telescopes on Earth and in space. Both telescope equipped with OmegaCAM, survey telescopes are housed in domes a monster 268-megapixel CCD camera close to the VLT and share the same with a field of view four times the area exceptional observing conditions as well of the full Moon. It complements VISTA as the same highly efficient operational and is surveying the visible-light sky. model. The VST was the result of a joint venture VISTA has a main mirror 4.1 metres in between ESO and the Capodimonte diameter and is by far the largest telescope Astronomical Observatory (OAC) of The VLT Survey Telescope (VST) at in the world dedicated to surveying the Naples, a research centre of the Italian Cerro Paranal. About ESO ESO, the European Southern Observatory, is the foremost intergovernmental astronomy organisation in Europe. It is supported by 16 countries: Austria, Belgium, Brazil, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, along with the host country of Chile. ESO carries out an ambitious programme focused on the design, construction and operation of powerful ground-based observing facilities enabling astronomers to make important scientific discoveries. ESO plays also a leading role in promoting and organising cooperation in astronomical research. ESO operates facilities at three unique world-class observing sites in the Atacama Desert region of Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. ESO education and Public Outreach Department Tel. +49 89 320 060 Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2 Fax +49 89 320 2362 85748 Garching bei München E-mail [email protected] Germany www.eso.org.
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