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Effects of Headings and Computer Experience in CBI: by Jonathan D nd 22 Annual Proceedings Of Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at The National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology Sponsored by the Research and Theory Division Long Beach CA 2000 Editors Kristin E. Sparks R.T.S. & Associates International, LLC Columbus, OH And Michael Simonson Professor Instructional Technology and Distance Education Nova Southeastern University Fischler Graduate School of Education and Human Services North Miami Beach, FL i Previous Proceedings Published in ERIC Year Location ED Number 1979 New Orleans 171329 1980 Denver 194061 1981 Philadelphia 207487 1982 Dallas 223191 – 223326 1983 New Orleans 231337 1984 Dallas 243411 1985 Anaheim 256301 1986 Las Vegas 267753 1987 Atlanta 285518 1988 New Orleans 295621 1989 Dallas 308805 1990 Anaheim 323912 1991 Orlando 334969 1992 Washington, D.C. 347970 – 348041 1993 New Orleans 362144 1994 Nashville 373774 1995 Anaheim 383284 1996 Indianapolis 397772 1997 Albuquerque 409832 1998 St. Louis 423819 1999 Houston ii Preface For the twenty-second year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. Papers published in this volume were presented at the National AECT Convention in Long Beach, CA. A limited quantity of these Proceedings were printed and sold. It is also available on microfiche through the Educational Resources Clearinghouse (ERIC) system. REFEREEING PROCESS: Papers selected for presentation at the AECT Convention and included in these Proceedings were subjected to a rigorous blind reviewing process. All references to authorship were removed from proposals before they were submitted to referees for review. Approximately fifty percent of the manuscripts submitted for consideration were selected for presentation at the convention and for publication in these Proceedings. The papers contained in this document represent some of the most current thinking in educational communications and technology. This volume is indexed by both author and descriptor. The index for volumes 1 – 6 (1979 – 1984) is included in the 1986 Proceedings, and the index for volumes 7 – 10 is in the 1988 Proceedings. After 1988, each volume contains indexes for that year only. M. R. Simonson Editor iii Research and Theory Division OFFICERS Delia Nueman President University of Maryland Deborah Lowther 301-405-2054 University of Memphis 901-678-5645 Susan Land [email protected] The Pennsylvania State University 814-863-5990 Past-President [email protected] Robert Hannafin 757-221-2315 Greg Sherman [email protected] Virginia Polytechnical University 540-231-9122 President-elect [email protected] Al Januszewski [email protected] Leslie Hall [email protected] Board Members David Shutkin Tom Brush [email protected] Auburn University iv Reviewers Adams, Scott Harvey, Francis Seels, Barbara Sherman, Greg Andre, Thomas Hauck, Rita Shrock, Sharon Anglin, Gary Hettinger, Gary Sindt, Kathy Bannan-Ritland B. Hill, Janette Smith, Douglas Bassoppo-Moyo, T. Hlynka, Denis Smith, Patricia Bohlin, Roy Igoe, Ann Spiegel, Harriette Brush, Tom Jost, Karen Squire, Kurt Carr, Ali Klein,Jim Sugar, Bill Cates, Ward Koontz, F.R. Tennyson, Bob Chang, Shujen Kovalik, Cindy Tessmer, Marty Childress, Marc Land, Susan Villerreal-Stewart, I. Christy, Sheila Ley, Kathryn Voithofer, Rick Clariana, Roy Lowther, Deborah Wagner, Kathleen Crooks, Steve Mazur,Joan Ward, John Churda, L. McAuliffe,Carla Wedman, John Chruda, Steve Moore, Mike Welbeck, P. Dabbagh, Nada Morrison, Gary Wong Ruthledge, K. Dexter, Sara Neuman, Delia Woodman, Deborah Dick, Walk Oliver, Kevin Zellner, Ron Doughty, P. Reeves, tom Driscoll, M. Reigeluth, Charlie Eggers, Derek Richey, Rita Farquhar, John Ritchie, Don Foshay, Rob Savitt, Charles Goldsworthy, Rick Schnackenbert, H. Grabowski, Barb Schoffner, Mary Hannafin, Bob Scott,Barry Hannafin, Mike v What Is AECT? The Association for Educational Communications & Technology is the leading international organization of its kind. The mission of the association is to provide leadership in educational communications and technology by linking professionals holding a common interest in the use of educational technology and its application to the learning process. Who Belongs to AECT? AECT members are people who need to keep up with changing technology for education and training, including: Media Specialists Learning Resource Specialists College and University Faculty Curriculum Developers K-12 Classroom Teachers Communications Specialists Librarians Education Administrators Instructional Designers School Network Administrators Corporate/Military Trainers How Long has AECT Been at the Forefront of Technology? Unique among technology organizations, AECT has provided more than 70 years of service and innovation. We’ve grown up with technology, advocating its integration into education from blackboards to interactive video and hypermedia. AECT began as a department of the National Education Association in 1923. In 1947, the organization supported educators as they adapted to train World War II service personnel. In 1974, AECT achieved independence. Today, more than 3,000 professionals rely on this organization as they embrace new methods, new equipment and new techniques in the fast-changing field of education and technology. Why Join AECT Now? Join AECT and you’ll increase your effectiveness, your expertise and your skills. You will also enhance your professional standing and earning potential. All within a dynamic and growing organization, open to your ideas and suggestions. What Does AECT Offer Its Members? The association’s broad range of advantages includes: • Annual International Conference with over 300 educational sessions and workshops • Access to Technology + Learning Exposition (in partnership with NSBA) • Seven special-interest divisions and two special-interest councils • Summer Leadership Institute • Acclaimed publications, such as TechTrends, Educational Technology Research & Development and The Quarterly Review of Distance Education • Discounts on books and media • AECT listserv discussion group • Membership newsletter E-News • Web site with the latest Association activities • On-line job placement listings • Low-cost insurance through Forrest T. Jones • On-line Membership Directory • Affinity card (with credit approval) • Membership ID card • Internships • Awards and scholarship programs vi AECT Membership Form I want to join AECT! Enroll me as a member with the Division/Council types and additional options I have selected. I understand that membership extends for 12 months from the date my payment is received. REGULAR $85.00 Includes any number of free divisions and a year’s subscription (6 issues) to TechTrends for Leaders in Education and Training. STUDENT $35.00 Includes any number of free divisions and a year’s subscription (6 issues) to TechTrends for Leaders in Education and Training. Please include your institution name and department head on the line below. DIVISIONS: Design & Development Distance Learning Management Media & Technology Training & Performance Teacher Education Research & Theory International Council Council on Systemic Change ADDITIONAL OPTIONS: Outside the United States $15.00 Subscription (4 issues) to Educational Technology Research & Development $35.00 Subscription to Quarterly Review of Distance Education See enclosed TOTAL (payable in US dollars to AECT): Check MasterCard Visa Membership $___________ Account # ____________________________________ Additional Options $___________ Expiration Date____________________ TOTAL ENCLOSED: $___________ Purchase Order # __________________ Name_________________________________ Country________________________________ Address_______________________________ Daytime Phone__________________________ City__________________________________ Fax ___________________________________ State/Province_____________ Zip___________ Email Address __________________________ Fax or Mail to: AECT 1800 N. Stonelake Dr., Suite 2 Bloomington, IN 47404 Fax (812) 335-7678, Voice (812) 335-7675 vii viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Computer-based Cooperative, Collaborative and Individual Learning: A report of research: by Scott Adams………………………………………………………………..1 A Comparison Of Students' And Teachers’ Computer Affect And Behavior Effects On Performance: by Roy M. Bohlin............................................................................... 17 Effects of Headings and Computer Experience in CBI: by Jonathan D. Brinkerhoff, James Klein, and Carol M. Koroghlanian......................................................................... 23 The Use of CSCA to Support Argumentation Skills in Legal Education: by Chad S. Carr ................................................................................................................................... 35 Character versus Narration: Empirical Investigations of Drama's Role in Multimedia Instructional Software: byWard Mitchell Cates, Mary Jean Bishop, and Woei Hung........................................................................................................................ 43 What Price Metaphor? Calculating Metaphorical Interfaces’ Return-On- Investment: by Ward Mitchell Cates and Jeannette S. Berkley ...................................... 59 Murals: Artifacts from an International Telecommunications Project: by Lauren Cifuentes and Karen L. Murphy ......................................................................................
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