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The First Revision of the European Species of the Family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

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The First Revision of the European Species of the Family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE XXVII, 1951, SUPPLEMENTUM l. THE FIRST REVISION OF THE EUROPEAN SPECIES OF THE FAMILY CHALCIDIDAE (HYMENOPTERA) By ZnENEK BouoEK The Charles University, Institute of Parasitology, Praha. (Accepted for publication September 5, 1950.) Praha 1951 CONTENTS: Introduction . 5 Morphological Part . 7 Taxonomical Part . 14 Brachymeriinae . • . 17 9. Haltichella SPIN. • . • • • . • . • • . 51 1. Brachymeria WESTW. 17 H. rufipes (0LIV.) . • • . • . 52 B. femorata (PANz.)............ 21 10. Antrocephal·us KBY. 53 B. intermedia (NEES) • . 22 A. hofferi, n. sp.. 54 B. rugulosa (FoRST.) . • . 23 11. Euchalcis DuF. 56 B. secundaria (RuscH.) . 24 E.miegiDUF. 57 B. vitripennis (FORST.) . 24 E. nuda, n. sp. 59 B.punctulata (FoRST.)......... 25 E. hyalipennis, n. sp. 60 B. moerens (RuscH.)........... 26 12. HockeriaWALK. 61 B. fonscolombei (DuF.) . 26 H. magna, n. sp. 64 B. vicina (WALK.) • • . • • . • 27 H. ~nopina;ta, n. sp............. 66 B. minuta (L.)................ 28 H. susterm, n. sp. 67 B. neglecta (Ms.) . 29 H. mengenillarum (S!Lv.) . 68 Ohalcidinae . 29 H. unicolor WALK. 68 H.bifasciataWALK . ........... 70 2. Spilochalcis THOMS. • . • • . • • • 30 S. xanthostigma (DALM.)........ 30 H. hoff~~i, n. sp. 7l 3. Ohalcis FABR................. 31 H. mastt, n. sp. , . 72 n. 73 0. sispes (L.) . • . 33 H. singularis, sp.. 0. myrifex (SULz.)............. 33 Hybothoracini . 75 13. InvreiaMs.................. 75 0. biguttata SPIN.. • • • • • . • . • . • . 33 I.ligustica Ms.. 78 Dirhininae . 34 I. clavipes (Rossi) . 80 4. Dirhinus DALM. • . 34 I. nigimima Ms. 81 D. hesperidum (Rossi) . 35 I. subaenea Ms. 82 D. parotideus (Ms.) . 36 I. mirabilis, n. sp. 83 D. cyprius (Ms.) . 36 I. subarmata (FoRST.) . 84 H altichellinae . 36 14. Euchalcidia Ms. 86 Haltichellini. 36 E. nigripes (WALK.) . 87 5. Belaspidia Ms. 37 15. Peltochalcidia STEFF. 88 B. obscuraMs. 38 P. benoisti STEFF. • . • . • . 90 6. Neochalcis KBY. 40 P. oranensis, n. sp. 91 N. osmicida (SAUND.) . • • • • . • . 42 P. clypeata, n. sp. 92 N. fertoni (KiEFF.) . 43 16. Hybothorax RTZBG. 93 N. hippotoides (Ms.) . 45 H. hetera (WALK.) . • . 95 N. hockerioides, n. sp. 45 H. graffi RTZBG. 96 7. Ohirocera LATR. 4 7 17. Lasiochalcidia Ms. 97 0. pectinicornis LATR........... 47 L. dargelasi (LATR.) . 99 8. Neophasganophora Ms. 48 L. indescripta, n. sp. 101 N. gallica (SICH.) . • • . • 49 L. cincticornis (WALK.) ......... 102 N. palestinensis, n. sp. 50 L. igiliensis (Ms.) ............. 103 N. armeniaca, n. sp. 50 L. dijferens BCK. 104 Abbreviations . 104 Conclusion . 104 Bibliography . 105 Appendix ........................................................... 107 Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1 5. Introduction. The first and foremost task of the present paper was given by the question of the taxonomy of the family Ohalcididae, and this determined also the method of investigation. After a study and evaluation of the morphological peculiarities of the body the inain task was the classifica­ tion of the specimens into species; not till this had been done was it possible to identify them according to the descriptions in the literature. The statements in the literature thus played only a secondary part. Thus I was able -on the whole without being burdened by the opinions of others - to solve the synonymics of many forms; in this I was assisted by an unusual large material, as I examined more than 4:000 specimens from the whole western part of the Palearctic region. Apart from the genera Brachymeria WESTN. and Ohalcis F., which had already been excellently studied by R uscHKA ( 1920 and 1922) e,nd Dirhinus MASI (194 7) there did not exist any key to the species or even to the genera. These conditions are well illustrated by the fact that of seventeen European genera taxonomically valid there is not one new one, and yet the compre­ hensive work of f. inst. SCHMIEDEKNECHT, 1930, gives only six· genera from Central and Northern Europe (in Czechoslovakia today 13), and that of NIKOLSKAJA, 1948, only nine. · I am indebted for material lent especially to Professor Jan Obeli­ berger and Dr. Karel Taborsky (coll. Narodni Museum, Praha, incl. colt 0. Sustera); Dr. Augustin Hoffer, Prague (private collection), Dr. Laszl6 M6czar, Budapest (coli. Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest), Dr. J6zsef Erdos, Tompa, Hungary (private collection), Dr. Fr. Maidl, Vienna (coil. Natur­ historisches Museum, Wien), further to Dr. W. Hellen, Helsinki, and Professor Vilem Rezek, Breclav. I wish to thank the best expert on the family Chalcididae, Dr. Luigi Masi, Genoa, for much valuable advice and for the revision of some determinations, similarly Mr. G. J. Kerrich, London, Mr. J. R. Steffan, Paris, and my teacher Director 0. Sustera, Prague, our best hymenopterologist. Further I thankIng. Sv. Nowicky, Vienna, Dr. L. Berhind, Paris, and all others who helped me with litera~ ture or in any other way: * The family Ohalcididae has the greatest number of its representatives in the tropics. In this paper I list 58 species, and this number will probably not be 'increased by more than I 0 species. As all species are parasites, some of them [Brachymeria secundaria (RuscH.), perhaps also Br. fons­ colombei (DuF.), and certainly also other species] even hyperparasites, 6 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) and as besides almost all are oligophagous to polyphagous they have a considerable geographical distribution. The reports in the literature on the hosts of the Chalcididae have always to be taken with a certain reservation (as in the case of all difficult groups of parasitic insects), for the determination of the single speci­ mens of most species is always very difficult. For this reason I do not give a complete list of the hosts, but I mention all reports which I have been able to check. Of this group it is only Brachymeria intermedia (NEEs) which has a special economic importance in Europe according to our present know­ ledge; it attacks among other butterflies also the pests Lymantria dispar L., Tortrix viridana L., Malacosoma neustria L., Aporia crataegi L., Sparga­ nothis pilleriana L., Pieris brassicae L., Euproctis chrysorhoea L. etc. It lives parasitically on the larvae or in mature caterpillars. Br. intermedia (NEss) is abundant especially in Southern Europe, also in Slovakia, where it helps to combat the above-mentioned pests. For the taxonomic investigation it was necessary to start from the earliest authors. Little can be used however of their descriptions as far as they were not clarified earlier, because of their briefness and incom­ pleteness. This applies especially to FABRICIUS, FoNSCOLOMBE and WAL­ KER, for the types of most of the species described by them do not exist any longer today, or it is not possible to find them today. The descriptions and ideas of LATREILLE and N EES are hardly more useful. I used the old names after a long search for the types and a careful study of the diagnoses, and I took into consideration also the possibilities which the early col­ lectors had in the collecting and study in their days, as well as all the experience gained from the very rich material from the whole of Europe. I always tried to use the earliest name, even if sometimes I was in doubt (see e. g. Lasiochalcidia dargelasi LATR. ). In the last century the authors WALKER and FoRSTER described most of the species of Europe. Thanks to Dr. L. M6czar of the Budapest Museum, Dr. Maidl of the Vienna Museum, and Ing. Nowicky of Vienna I was able to check some of FoRSTER's types and to identify almost all his European species according to this original diagnoses, and thus to fill up what had so far been a serious lacuna in our knowledge especially of the Central European fauna. With the assistance of Mr. G. J. Kerrich, London, it was also possible to elucidate some of WALKER's species. After FoRSTER and WALKER the outstanding taxonomist C. G. THOMSON in Sweden studied this group, but he knew only some species; at the end of the century DALLA ToRRE introduced much erroneous and unusable knowledge into the subject by the unfortunate synonymics in his Catalogue, and after him J. J. KIEFFER in his papers. It was only F. RuscHKA, 1920 and 1922, who gave a really critical study; unfortu­ nately he studied only the genera Brachymeria WESTW. (Chalcis auct.) and Chalcis F. (Smicra). The other groups are studied excellently till this day by the best expert of the family L. MAsi in Genoa, who for a long time was isolated in his work. Only in recent years have new research workers (f. inst. STEFFAN, ERnos, KERRICH, MENON) begun to pay atten­ tion again to these important and interesting, but also difficult, parasitic insects. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl, 1. 7 Morphological Part. On the surface of a thick chitinous integumen is a varying sculpture eztrrying all in all three kinds of hair-like formations. One kind are ordi­ nary covering bristles separated at the base by a joint, without sensory function. They are mostly thin, bent, rarely straight, and per­ pendicularly distant (Chalci8 F.) or somewhat flat so that viewed from a certain angle they shine (Euchalci8 DuF., LaBiochalcidia Ms., Invreia mirabiliB, n. sp. etc.). Here we can place also the bristles of the cleaning apparatus on the metatarsus of the forelegs and the spurs at the end of the tibiae. The second kind of bristles are the setae, the organs of touch. They are situated on the mouth organs, especially on the palpi, but also on the feelers (rarely, e. g. in the genus Brachymeria WESTW., very short, perpendicularly distant), on the submarginal vein of the wings, and on the rudiments of the cercoid formations of the lOth dorsal segment! called pygostyli. They have a slightly different function on the genita, apparatus of the males, where they seem to act as stimulus. Thus f.
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