ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE XXVII, 1951, SUPPLEMENTUM l.

THE FIRST REVISION OF THE EUROPEAN SPECIES OF THE FAMILY ()

By ZnENEK BouoEK The Charles University, Institute of Parasitology, Praha. (Accepted for publication September 5, 1950.)

Praha 1951 CONTENTS:

Introduction ...... 5 Morphological Part ...... 7 Taxonomical Part ...... 14

Brachymeriinae . • ...... 17 9. Haltichella SPIN. • . • • • . • . . • • . 51 1. Brachymeria WESTW...... 17 H. rufipes (0LIV.) . . . • • . • ...... 52 B. femorata (PANz.)...... 21 10. Antrocephal·us KBY...... 53 B. intermedia (NEES) • ...... 22 A. hofferi, n. sp...... 54 B. rugulosa (FoRST.) . • ...... 23 11. Euchalcis DuF...... 56 B. secundaria (RuscH.) ...... 24 E.miegiDUF...... 57 B. vitripennis (FORST.) ...... 24 E. nuda, n. sp...... 59 B.punctulata (FoRST.)...... 25 E. hyalipennis, n. sp...... 60 B. moerens (RuscH.)...... 26 12. HockeriaWALK...... 61 B. fonscolombei (DuF.) ...... 26 H. magna, n. sp...... 64 B. vicina (WALK.) • • ...... • • . • 27 H. ~nopina;ta, n. sp...... 66 B. minuta (L.)...... 28 H. susterm, n. sp...... 67 B. neglecta (Ms.) ...... 29 H. mengenillarum (S!Lv.) ...... 68 Ohalcidinae ...... 29 H. unicolor WALK...... 68 H.bifasciataWALK ...... 70 2. Spilochalcis THOMS. • . • • . . . • • • 30 S. xanthostigma (DALM.)...... 30 H. hoff~~i, n. sp...... 7l 3. Ohalcis FABR...... 31 H. mastt, n. sp. , ...... 72 n. 73 0. sispes (L.) ...... • ...... 33 H. singularis, sp...... 0. myrifex (SULz.)...... 33 Hybothoracini ...... 75 13. InvreiaMs...... 75 0. biguttata SPIN.. • • • • • . • . • . • . . 33 I.ligustica Ms...... 78 Dirhininae ...... 34 I. clavipes (Rossi) ...... 80 4. Dirhinus DALM. • ...... 34 I. nigimima Ms...... 81 D. hesperidum (Rossi) ...... 35 I. subaenea Ms...... 82 D. parotideus (Ms.) ...... 36 I. mirabilis, n. sp...... 83 D. cyprius (Ms.) ...... 36 I. subarmata (FoRST.) ...... 84 H altichellinae ...... 36 14. Euchalcidia Ms...... 86 Haltichellini...... 36 E. nigripes (WALK.) ...... 87 5. Belaspidia Ms...... 37 15. Peltochalcidia STEFF...... 88 B. obscuraMs...... 38 P. benoisti STEFF. . . • . . . . . • . . • . 90 6. Neochalcis KBY...... 40 P. oranensis, n. sp...... 91 N. osmicida (SAUND.) . . • • • • . • . 42 P. clypeata, n. sp...... 92 N. fertoni (KiEFF.) ...... 43 16. Hybothorax RTZBG...... 93 N. hippotoides (Ms.) ...... 45 H. hetera (WALK.) ...... • . . 95 N. hockerioides, n. sp...... 45 H. graffi RTZBG...... 96 7. Ohirocera LATR...... 4 7 17. Lasiochalcidia Ms...... 97 0. pectinicornis LATR...... 47 L. dargelasi (LATR.) ...... 99 8. Neophasganophora Ms...... 48 L. indescripta, n. sp...... 101 N. gallica (SICH.) ...... • • . • 49 L. cincticornis (WALK.) ...... 102 N. palestinensis, n. sp...... 50 L. igiliensis (Ms.) ...... 103 N. armeniaca, n. sp...... 50 L. dijferens BCK...... 104 Abbreviations ...... 104 Conclusion ...... 104 Bibliography ...... 105 Appendix ...... 107 Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1 5.

Introduction.

The first and foremost task of the present paper was given by the question of the of the family Ohalcididae, and this determined also the method of investigation. After a study and evaluation of the morphological peculiarities of the body the inain task was the classifica­ tion of the specimens into species; not till this had been done was it possible to identify them according to the descriptions in the literature. The statements in the literature thus played only a secondary part. Thus I was able -on the whole without being burdened by the opinions of others - to solve the synonymics of many forms; in this I was assisted by an unusual large material, as I examined more than 4:000 specimens from the whole western part of the Palearctic region. Apart from the genera Brachymeria WESTN. and Ohalcis F., which had already been excellently studied by R uscHKA ( 1920 and 1922) e,nd Dirhinus MASI (194 7) there did not exist any key to the species or even to the genera. These conditions are well illustrated by the fact that of seventeen European genera taxonomically valid there is not one new one, and yet the compre­ hensive work of f. inst. SCHMIEDEKNECHT, 1930, gives only six· genera from Central and Northern Europe (in Czechoslovakia today 13), and that of NIKOLSKAJA, 1948, only nine. · I am indebted for material lent especially to Professor Jan Obeli­ berger and Dr. Karel Taborsky (coll. Narodni Museum, Praha, incl. colt 0. Sustera); Dr. Augustin Hoffer, Prague (private collection), Dr. Laszl6 M6czar, Budapest (coli. Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest), Dr. J6zsef Erdos, Tompa, Hungary (private collection), Dr. Fr. Maidl, Vienna (coil. Natur­ historisches Museum, Wien), further to Dr. W. Hellen, Helsinki, and Professor Vilem Rezek, Breclav. I wish to thank the best expert on the family Chalcididae, Dr. Luigi Masi, Genoa, for much valuable advice and for the revision of some determinations, similarly Mr. G. J. Kerrich, London, Mr. J. R. Steffan, Paris, and my teacher Director 0. Sustera, Prague, our best hymenopterologist. Further I thankIng. Sv. Nowicky, Vienna, Dr. L. Berhind, Paris, and all others who helped me with litera~ ture or in any other way: * The family Ohalcididae has the greatest number of its representatives in the tropics. In this paper I list 58 species, and this number will probably not be 'increased by more than I 0 species. As all species are parasites, some of them [Brachymeria secundaria (RuscH.), perhaps also Br. fons­ colombei (DuF.), and certainly also other species] even hyperparasites, 6 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) and as besides almost all are oligophagous to polyphagous they have a considerable geographical distribution. The reports in the literature on the hosts of the Chalcididae have always to be taken with a certain reservation (as in the case of all difficult groups of parasitic ), for the determination of the single speci­ mens of most species is always very difficult. For this reason I do not give a complete list of the hosts, but I mention all reports which I have been able to check. Of this group it is only Brachymeria intermedia (NEEs) which has a special economic importance in Europe according to our present know­ ledge; it attacks among other butterflies also the pests Lymantria dispar L., Tortrix viridana L., Malacosoma neustria L., Aporia crataegi L., Sparga­ nothis pilleriana L., Pieris brassicae L., Euproctis chrysorhoea L. etc. It lives parasitically on the larvae or in mature caterpillars. Br. intermedia (NEss) is abundant especially in Southern Europe, also in Slovakia, where it helps to combat the above-mentioned pests. For the taxonomic investigation it was necessary to start from the earliest authors. Little can be used however of their descriptions as far as they were not clarified earlier, because of their briefness and incom­ pleteness. This applies especially to FABRICIUS, FoNSCOLOMBE and WAL­ KER, for the types of most of the species described by them do not exist any longer today, or it is not possible to find them today. The descriptions and ideas of LATREILLE and N EES are hardly more useful. I used the old names after a long search for the types and a careful study of the diagnoses, and I took into consideration also the possibilities which the early col­ lectors had in the collecting and study in their days, as well as all the experience gained from the very rich material from the whole of Europe. I always tried to use the earliest name, even if sometimes I was in doubt (see e. g. Lasiochalcidia dargelasi LATR. ). In the last century the authors WALKER and FoRSTER described most of the species of Europe. Thanks to Dr. L. M6czar of the Budapest Museum, Dr. Maidl of the Vienna Museum, and Ing. Nowicky of Vienna I was able to check some of FoRSTER's types and to identify almost all his European species according to this original diagnoses, and thus to fill up what had so far been a serious lacuna in our knowledge especially of the Central European fauna. With the assistance of Mr. G. J. Kerrich, London, it was also possible to elucidate some of WALKER's species. After FoRSTER and WALKER the outstanding taxonomist C. G. THOMSON in Sweden studied this group, but he knew only some species; at the end of the century DALLA ToRRE introduced much erroneous and unusable knowledge into the subject by the unfortunate synonymics in his Catalogue, and after him J. J. KIEFFER in his papers. It was only F. RuscHKA, 1920 and 1922, who gave a really critical study; unfortu­ nately he studied only the genera Brachymeria WESTW. (Chalcis auct.) and Chalcis F. (Smicra). The other groups are studied excellently till this day by the best expert of the family L. MAsi in Genoa, who for a long time was isolated in his work. Only in recent years have new research workers (f. inst. STEFFAN, ERnos, KERRICH, MENON) begun to pay atten­ tion again to these important and interesting, but also difficult, parasitic insects. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl, 1. 7

Morphological Part.

On the surface of a thick chitinous integumen is a varying sculpture eztrrying all in all three kinds of hair-like formations. One kind are ordi­ nary covering bristles separated at the base by a joint, without sensory function. They are mostly thin, bent, rarely straight, and per­ pendicularly distant (Chalci8 F.) or somewhat flat so that viewed from a certain angle they shine (Euchalci8 DuF., LaBiochalcidia Ms., Invreia mirabiliB, n. sp. etc.). Here we can place also the bristles of the cleaning apparatus on the metatarsus of the forelegs and the spurs at the end of the tibiae. The second kind of bristles are the setae, the organs of touch. They are situated on the mouth organs, especially on the palpi, but also on the feelers (rarely, e. g. in the genus Brachymeria WESTW., very short, perpendicularly distant), on the submarginal vein of the wings, and on the rudiments of the cercoid formations of the lOth dorsal segment! called pygostyli. They have a slightly different function on the genita, apparatus of the males, where they seem to act as stimulus. Thus f. inst. on the aedeagus of 6'3 (especially in the genus Dirhinu8 DALM. in greater number) they are extremely short, but in the preparation a channel for innervation can be seen leading to them (see fig. 36). The third kind are inarticulate trichoid formations on the feelers, sensillae, which serve for smelling. They have (in the family Chalcididae) either the shape of long discs, long squamae (placoid sensillae), or also more or less the form of distant cylinders or cones terminating in an oblique, shining disc [in Europe only 6'6' of Brachymeria femorata (PANZ.)- see fig. 12- and intermedia (NEES), in other parts of the globe related species] or they are trichoid (other European species). The funicle of the feelers has usually besides the smell sensillae also small normal covering bristles which are only rarely lacking (e. g. W ofthe genus LaBiochalcidia Ms). The sculptures of the surface fall into two types: a coarse sculpture, sometimes called also primary, and a microscopic sculpture, called also secondary. By coarse sculpture we understand pit-like, bristle-bearing (pilifere) punctures, wrinkles, carinae, grooves, furrows, areols delimited by carinae, etc. The punctures are of different types and sizes, and there is really no sharp limit between them and the microscopic sculpture. An abundant type is given by umbiliform pits, circular, with a flat bottom, with a slight elevation in the middle, carrying a bristle. When the punct­ ures are very close together, so that they touch each other, they have often a polygonic shape. By microscopic structure (shagreening in the wider sense of the word) we understand a minute punctuation (without bristles) as found e. g. on the tergites of the abdomen, a minute striola­ tion, which separates either regular fields - reticulation, or is in the form of a fine wrinkling; also a leathery sculpture (shagreening in the narrower sense of the word); then minute polygonic fields separated by carinae (also called areolation) etc. Minute and coarser sculptures sup­ plement each other and form characteristic. combinations; e. g. bristle~ carrying punctures from which radiate minute striae forming a network (on the femora of the genus Hockeria WALK.). The head is in a front-to-back direction always much shorter than in width and height, carried either vertically (orthognathic type) pr slight- 8 The First Revision ofthe European Species ofthe Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) ly obliquely and with the mouth opening a little backwards, this being here connected with the curving of the body. Seen from the front it has mostly a triangular outline (especially N eophasganophora Ms., I nvreia Ms.) or a more or less trapezoid one, often with very strongly rounded corners, so that in some species of the genus Brachymeria WESTW. it is almost transversally oval. Conspicuous are always the large compound eyes, which have many hundreds of minute facettes, either bare or with short fine covering bristles (Hockeria WALK., Invreia Ms. etc.). The space between the eyes is in its upper part called vertex. It has always three ocelli (simple eyes) situated in an equilateral triangle where the vertex is broad in a front-to-back direction ( Dirhinus DALM. ), mostly however in· an obtuse-angular· triangle. In species with a very narrow vertex (Lasiochalcidia Ms.) the ocelli are almost in a straight line, the middle,. anterior one is often turned forwards, the two lateral ones backwards. In the genus Antrocephahts KBY. a striking keel, the carina frontalis, is situated between them, turning· forwards on the sides and continuing at the inner margins of the compound eyes, the orbita, where it is called carina preorbitalis, preorbital keel. The space above the jointing of the feelers between the compound eyes is the frons: It is mostly a vaulted plane, sometimes slightly bump-like on the sides (Chirocera LATR., Brachymeria moerens RuscH.), or even elevated, in a forward direction, into striking, large horns (Dirhinus DALM.). Above the jointing of the antennae is a part delimited by a fine sculpture, mostly concave, into which the scapes of the feelers insert themselves; it is called the frontal (or also the facial) concavity or frontal impression, or scrobe. Only rarely is it little distinct, almost quite flat (Hybothorax RTZB., Belaspidia Ms., Lasiocnalcidia Ms.); sometimes, with a greater depression, it is distinctly marked o££ carinaceously (Dirhinus DALM., Brachymeria WESTW.) ..The·feelers are jointed in theantennal pits, some­ times ·called incorrectly toruli antennales, separated by a narrow or broader, and then grooved, more or less projecting callus interanten­ nalis, which often continues with a slight median keel into the scrobe (see fig. 117). In the antennal pit the antenna is anchored by a minute, bent and often very slender segment called radicula. This is immovably connected with the first segment proper of the feeler, the scape. The scape is always conspicuously long, the remaining part of the feeler (fJagellum) is connected with it by a joint allowing a movement of 180° in the vertical front-to·back plane. For this purpose the scape embraces the joint laminiformly at the end.· In the basal hal£ it is gene­ rally thicker than in the narrowed or incised (e. g. some species of the genus Invreia Ms.) distal part; sometimes it forms in the middle a conspic­ uous tooth (c3' c3' of Lasiochalcidia dargelasi LATR., I nvreia mirabilis, n. sp.). Originally there ani 13 antennal segments, but the last three fuse .into the immobile c 1u b · (clava) on which the sutures of the original three segments are often quite indistinct so that the club is in such a case oompact. Eleven antennal segments can be distinguished in all European· species, and the exotic species have certainly not less. The second segment of the feeler, i. e. the first segment of the flagellum, mediates the j oirited connection with the scape; it is called pedicel. It is followed by the second segment of the flagellum, which is often strikingly short, and is then Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 9

·called annellus, ring-joint, whereas the remaining segments of the £lagellum to the club, seven in number always·(!); are· called funicle. The second segment of the £lagellum is unshortened only in the ~ ~ of Invreia Ms., Euchalcidia Ms., Peltochalcidia STEFF. and Lasiochalcidia Ms., little shortened in the genus Hybothorax RATZ. (i. e. only the tribe Hybothoracini). In 66 of the phylogenetically old genera it is also little shortened (Belaspidia Ms. and Neochalcis KBY.). The segments of the funicle are mostly cylindric, rarely slightly knotty, i. e. swollen in the middle (66 of Euchalcis hyalipennis, n. sp., Lasioch. dargelasi LATR.). In 6 of the genus Ohirocera LATR. each segment has a long, conspicuous processus, longer than several of the following segments together, so that the feelers are branched, comb-like. The segments of the funicle and club are covered with smell sensillae, dense especially in 66. The different segments are only slightly movable against each other. The part of the head below the feelers is the face, facies. Some authors extend this name also to the frons, so that e. g. they call the scrobe facial concavity. Close below the feelers are above the clypeus two often very distinct pits, marking the places ·from which run inside the head the strongest beams of the chitinous stiffening, the tentorium. They are called aJlterior tentorial pits; they are especially conspic­ uous e. g. in the genus Belaspidia Ms. Between them is found rarely a smooth tubercle (Dirhinus DALM.), which has nothing in common with the- clypeus, a more or less delimited platform above the mouth opening. It is mostly transverse, only rarely considerably high (Neophas­ ganophora Ms.). Its upper margin is sometimes edge-like or ridge-like raised (InvreiajMs., Euchalcidia Ms.). In the genus Peltochalcidia STEFF. this margin is extended downwards in roof-shape, and the originally anterior surface of the clypeus is here turned downwards in the direction towards the labrum. On the sides of the clypeus are sometimes perceptible tubercles, which are connected with the upper mandibular joint (Neo­ chalcis KBY). The labrum is movably connected with the clypeus; it is mostly flat, sometimes· with the suggestion of a median carina ( N eo­ chalcis KBY.), sometimes deepened in the basal part (Euchalcis DuF., Antrocephalus KBY.). The mandibles are bent, convex, rarely straight (Dirhinus DALM). At the base they have above a joint-tubercle, below a· joint-pit, which correspond to a tubercle and pit in the hulk of the head. The lower edge of the mandible is sometimes strikingly bent near the end, so that even an accessory tooth can develop here (Invreia ligustica Ms. ). Otherwise the left mandible has as a rule two, the right one three small teeth or two larger ones. Lasiochalcidia Ms. has three teeth on both mandibles. The part between the bases of the mandibles and the eyes are the cheeks, genae, which-have as a rule a slight keel instead of a fronto­ genal suture. Behind it is in most species of the genus Brachymeria WESTW. an oblique keel shaped formation called carina postorbitalis, postorbital keel, delimiting the depression for the composed anterior legs. The cheeks pass imperceptibly into the temples; against the poste­ rior part of the head they are delimited below distinctly by a keel or thin ridge, above they are rounded. Sometimes the head behind the eyes is so strongly ctmtraeted"t;hat one cannot speak of temples (Lasiochal- I 0 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) cidia Ms., see fig. 146). Also the vertex behind the ocelii is mostly strongly sloping, the occiput proper is, however, often only close to the foramen magnum (the opening in the skull of the head for the connection with the thorax) marked by a fine sculpture. On the sides of the foramen are the posterior tentorial pits and sulci occipitales, where the tento­ rial skeleton is attached. As the thorax is formed in all Hymenoptera except in the suborder Symphyta, in addition to the three segments with the organs of move­ ment, also by the fused abdominal segment, the American MICHENER (1944, Compar. extern. morphology ... of the bees, Bull. Amer. Mus. N. Hist. 82: 6) introduces for this section of the body the designation mesosoma and for the remaining part of the abdomen the designation metasoma. I do not adopt these terms, as the metasoma ·is not alwaya compact as in bees, but has often the first segment (e. g. Ohalcidoidea) or also the second segment (some ants) strikingly differentiated in the shape of a petiole. Besides we may use the term thorax for the whole of the body segments serving for movement in the insects, and the first abdominal segment by its fusion with the thorax proper really assists its locomotive function. The prothorax has a large dorsal part, the pronotum, which em­ braces on both sides the flanks of the propleurae and part of the meso­ thorax. The anterior part (collum) is constricted towards the foramen of the head, and set off keel shaped at least on the sides, from the posterior part, designated collare. The propleurae begin at the foramen of the head and are connected below by jointing with the coxae of the anterior legs. Above they touch each other, below a small triangular prosternum is inserted between them, which has a complicated configuration, within the cavity of the thorax. The prothorax is always slightly movable against the other parts of the thorax. The mesothorax has strongly developed dorsal and pleural parts. The dorsal part is composed of the me so scutum (in front), divided into three parts by backwards converging parapsidal furrows, and of the mesoscutellum or, briefly, scutellum which is separated from the anterior part by a deep scutoscutellar suture. The lateral parts of the mesoscutum separated by parapsidal furrows are called scapulae, the central part is the mesopraescutum. The axillae are similarly separated from the scutellum; they are alwaya much shorter, inconspicuous. The scutellum is hemmed in on the sides by a marginal ridge, often running out at the back into two dents. The lower margin of the scutellum is only rarely ridge-like and forms at the back a striking process ( Belaspidia Ms., see fig. 43), .or ridges are comple­ tely lacking (In'lireia Ms. and related genera of the tribe Hybothoracini). When an upper ridge is developed, then there is still another ridge running from the inferior margin of the axillae obliquely upwards, connecting the inferior margin with the first ridge and delimiting on the flanks of the scutellum a triangular field (see fig. 21). The mesoscutum runs out in front inwards into a membranous vertical lst phragma; similarly the scutellum forms at the back the 2nd phragma. Close to the scapulae and axillae is freely attached the tegula of a convex disk-like shape, which protects the base of the anterior wing. The mesopleurae are broad; they occupy the greater part of the Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl, 1. 11 flanks of the thorax and connect completely below. In front the anterior coxae imprint themselves on them. This part has usually a different, fine sculpture, a median carina, and is also on the margin carinately set off against the remaining mesopleura. It is called epicnemium. In strongly convex and bent species it reaches to the base of the middle coxae (Belaspidia Ms). The original division of the mesopleurae into an anterior episternum and a posterior epimerum is not preserved in the species of the family Chalcididae, but there is here a secondarily delimited part against which the middle femur leans, with usually ma'.'ked hori zontal wrinkles. I call it facies femora lis mesopleurae. Some authors call the part of the mesopleurae between the epicnemium and the base of the middle coxae mesosternum, but this is not a correct designation as the mesosternum proper is restricted to a small corner between the middle coxae. In front of the coxae, in the middle, is a pit, from which the forked endoskeleton of the thorax runs inwards. The metathorax is strongly reduced. The metanotum forms a narrow strip below the margin of the scutellum and is studded as a rule with a row of pits (see fig. 123). Between the metanotum and the larger metapleura the posterior wing is jointed. The metapleura is undivided, always coarsely punctured, without wrinkles or carinae, strongly dee­ pened at the back, below, for the large posterior coxae. Dorsally it passes indistinctly into the propodeum (segmentum medium, epinotum), which was originally the first abdominal segment fused with the thorax. The propodeum is sometimes strikingly developed, and we can always distin­ guish carinate wrinkles on it, arranged according to a roughly uniform plan. It is never smooth. Very rarely is it formed by an odd median keel, carina media. More often there are two keels, the carinae sub­ mediae, in the middle part; laterally from them are the carinae accessoriae usually developed only in front; further there are the carinae su blaterales (also called carinae suprastigmales) converging obliquely backwards. ·Quite on the sides the propodeum is delimited by the costae laterales, which often project like a horn or dent (e. g. Neophasganophora Ms.). The posterior corners of the propodeum run out backwards along the base of the abdomen in the genus Hybothorax RTSB. In addition to these longitudinal keels, also called primary keels, there are. on the propodeum more or less distinct secondary transversal keels. The fields delimited by the primary keels are in the middle the areola media, between the carina sublateralis and the costa lateralis is the area lateralis. Its part with the stigma, sometimes delimited by secondary transversal keels, is called areola stigmalis. The stigma (spiracular opening) is long- or shorter-reniform. The coxae touch in all pairs of legs; they are short-conical or pyra­ midal, the posterior ones always strikingly large. Where the femur or another part of the body leans against them they have a fine sculpture or are smooth, in the free places they are as a rule punctured and pube­ scent. The posterior coxae have usually a small dent exteriorly. The ·connection with the femur is effected by one trochanter. The trochan­ ters of the anterior and middle legs are longer than broad, simple. The simple posterior trochanters run out below the femur into a lobe; the femur almost touches the coxa with its base. The femora are strong, 12 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

in the middle pair sometimes strongly narrowed at the base, and theri so strikingly cudgel-shaped (Invreia Ms., Peltochalcidia STEFF.), posterior femurs are always strongly thickened (family character), at the lower margin with simple dents (Brachymeria WESTW., Chalcidinae) or with large, lobate dent along which stretches a fine comb of minute denticulations alternating with fine bristles (Dirhininae, ). When the tibia is bent the lobate dents are either all outside (Haltichel­ lini) or the proximal dent if developed projects inward from the com­ posed tibia, which thus crosses the course of the comb (Hybothoracini). The tibia is in the anterior and middle legs straight, in the posterior legs more or less curved. The anterior tibia has one large, bent spur. The posterior tibiae end either obliquely and below run out in a spine when they have only one spur (Brachymeriinae) or apparently none (Chalcidinae, Dirhininae), or they are at the end more or less straightly truncate, with two spurs (Haltichellinae). When they run out into a short spine they are in front of it on both· sides incised and both spurs project in the incision. The outer spur is often shorter than the inner one. The tarsal joints are five in number, the anterior and middle metatarsi (1st joint) are often strikingly longer than the other joints; the pretarsus, i. e. the fifth segment, has always two claws, which often have some tiny dent at the base; at the end it is simple or, rarely, divided (66 of Chalcis F.). Posterior legs generally more robust than the anterior and middle pairs, as a rule somewhat compressed from the sides. Wings except at the base entirely covered with fine, brown, rarely white bristles (in Euchalcis hyalipennis, n, sp., and on the spots in some species of the genus Hockeria WALK.). Nervature very reduced. As it has not yet been possible to demonstrate the homologisation with the nervation of the more primitive insects, I give the different sections under the special names as first proposed by HowARD, 1888, and f:'vc­ cepted by most authors. From the base of the wing runs a single vein at first parallel to the outer margin, which it then approaches in a bend. After reaching it, or immediately in front of it, it runs again parallel to it in its immediate proximity (Hybothoracini) or directly along it (the other groups). Before its section on or at the margin, it is c<:11led submarginal vein, in its further course to its ramification marginal vein. Usually both branches are developed, of which one lies at the margin of the wing and is called postmarginal vein (Brachymeriinae, Chal­ cidinae, Haltichellini) or, less frequently, the branch at the margin is lacking, and only the obliquely distant, short stigmal vein is developed (Dirhininae, Hybothoracini). The stigmal vein is always relatively short, even when the postmarginal vein is developed; sometimes it is cudgel­ shaped; rarely it sends out a rudimentary beak-shaped formation obli­ quely to the margin of the wing ( Belaspidia Ms. ), from which continues an atrophied veinlet indicated either by a darker shade of the colouring or bya row of bristles. · The second abdominal segment proper is developed in the form of a minute ring, sometimes considerably elongated (Chalcidinae), called petiole. It usually has above 4 or 6 longitudinal keels (see fig. 33). · Only the third abdominal segment, the postpetiole, is divided· into a dorsal part called the first tergite and a ventral part, the first Acta Entomologica Musei NationaJis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 13

sternite; The first lergite is often large, bell-shaped, rounded at the .back, rarely slightly incised (A ntrocephalus KBY.). It has sometimes a pit on its basis, the fovea. The following tergites 2 to 5 are progressively shorter, at the back straight or moderately incised, the fifth tergite at the back broadly incised, so that the sixth tergite appears always stri­ kingly larger than the preceding one. At the back it is rounded; it covers the so-called epipygidium. The epipygidium is a formation composed of two fused tergites (dorsal parts of 9th and lOth abdominal segments, i. e. 7th and 8th tergites). Its anterior part corresponding to the 7th tergite is always convex. The posterior part corresponding to the 8th tergite is more or less set off, in 9'12 compressed from the sides (except in Spilochalcis xanthostigma DALM. ), with a median keel above, and at the base on the sides always with rudimentary cercoid formations in the shape of small tubercles carrying several touch-setae. The tubercles are called pygostyli in contradistinction to the true cerci, proper to the llth abdominal segment of the more primitive insects. 9 has 5, 6' 7 sternites. In 99 the last sternite isincised at the back, only· rarely is it not incised and is then prolonged ( Ohalcis F.) and called hypopygidium; The seventh sternite of 6' is; on the contrary, incised only in the genus Ohalcis F. (see figs. 30, 31 ). It cannot be called by the same name as the fifth sternite of 9. The outer genital apparatus, phallus, of 6' (see figs. 8-10) is in the genital chamber between the anal aperture lying below the epipy­ gidium and the seventh sternite. It is composed of a flatly cylindrical case, dorsally open in the subfamily Haltichellinae (always~), whose lateral part is generaHy homologised with the paramerae. At the incised ventral end are movably attached two, often long-triangular, discs, provided at the distal margin with dents directed towards the sides. These formations are called digiti volsellares; their homologisation has not as yet been demonstrated. The muscles. which drag the aedeagus proper from the cylindric case are attached at their base. The aedeagus is formed by chitinous apodemae in pairs, chitinous in front, only "membranously connected at the base. They protect the minute duct, through which the spermata are ejected. The apodemae are connected in about hal£ their length by a thin chitinous bridge to which the muscles (extensor and flexor aedeagalis) are attached. The duct opens Close in .front of the point at the ventral side of the aedeagus. 9 apparatus (see fig. ll) is formed by the 8th and 9th sternite and is really hid entirely in the.· abdomen. Outside projects the apparently simple proper ovipositor protected by a pair of sheaths. From the 8th sternite two discs, called first valvifers; start, to which is added joint­ edly the awl-shaped formation pointed at the end and with several minute dents which is called first valvula. From the basal part of the 9th sternite a quite analogous formation starts, i. e. the second v a 1vi f er s, .which are larger tha,n the first one.s, and the .. originally free ·second valvulae grown together in the. imago; these fuse longitudi- nally, and from the sides the valvulae of the first pair lean against them, thus. forming a channel through which the laid egg glides. The third valvulae, the sheath of the ovipositor, are formed from the distal part of the 9th sternite. The whole formation is at the base connected 14 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) with the processus of the epipygidium. The limb formations of the ovi­ positor are by some morphologists homologised with the original dorsal limbs. An interference colouring (metallic and mother-of-pearl) does not occur in the European species, the pigment is in the chitinous integumen, sometimes it is perhaps also hypodermal, i. e. close below the chitinous carapace (yellow and white spots on the legs of the genus Brachymeria WESTW.?). . Taxonomic Part. The family is divided in Europe into the following groups: I. subf. Brachymeriinae ...... I. Tribus Brachymeriini, II. subf. Chalcidinae ...... 2. Tribus Chalcidini, Ill. subf. Dirhininae ...... 3. Tribus Dirhinini, IV. subf. Haltichellinae ...... 4. Tribus Haltichellini, 5. Tribus Hybothoracini. According to affinity the groups Epitranini and A plorhinini, to which MASI 1947 assigned only the value of a tribe, still belong between the subfamilies Ohalcidinae and Dirhininae. They have no representatives in the European fauna.

Key of the Genera (for the European representatives). 1. End of the posterior tibiae obliquely truncated, so that they run out at the lower side distinctly spinally (see figs. 15-17, 26, 28, 29); the jointing of the posterior tarsi is above the end of the tibia; spurs of the posterior tibiae little developed, either one or none ...... sub£. Chalcidinae, Brachymeriinae, Dirhininae ..... 2. Ends of the posterior tibiae almost straightly truncated, sometimes at the underside prolonged into a short spine-like process, but always with two distinct spurs in the incision in front of it (see figs. 38, 39, 42, 49, 50, 134, 136, 138 etc.); posterior femur in the distal part of the lower margin :with a comb of fine denticulations ...... sub£. Haltichellinae ...... 5. 2. Abdomen sessile (petiole very short, invisible from above), posterior femur with a row of up to fifteen dents: tribus Brachymerilnl L Brachymeria WESTW. Abdomen distinctly petiolated ...... : . .... 3. 3. Head normally developed, without horns ...... trib. Chalcldini . . . . 4. head with two strongly developed horns on the forehead a tthe inner margin of the eyes; wings without postmarginal vein; posterior femur with at most one basal dent, from it to the end with a fine comb of minute denticulations; without yellow or white colouring ...... trib. Dlrhlnlnl ....·...... •...... 4. Dlrhlnus DALM. d"i!· 4. Thorax with paired yellow spots, median tibia with a conspicuous spur; in Sf:

stigrrial vein on the wings short, distant almost under a right angle, cuneiform ...... 7. Chirocera LATR. ~ feelers different, never comb-like ...... 7. 7. The scutellum runs out at the back into a short but distinct unpaired tooth (see fig. 43); frons without concavity; feelers jointed high on the face, stri­ kingly short (figs. 44, 45); tarsus slender; stigmal vein with long, beak-shaped rudiment obliquely to the margin of the wing; whole body black, dull, densely punctured; in~ abdomen shortly oval, ovipositor slightly projecting (fig. 46) ...... 5. Be/aspidia Ms. ~~ scutellum at the back with two lobate or spinal teeth (figs. 40, 65, 70, 71), stigmal vein without beak-shaped rudiment ...... 8. 8. Head with conspicuous keels, which extend from below along the inner margins of the eyes upwards, where they connect in an arc between the median and lateral ocelli (carina frontalis, figs. 24, 64); feelers jointed only below, close above the clypeus; postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein (the forl)lS with a short postmarginal vein are placed to the genus Stomatoceras KBY. but this genus is probably taxonomically not justified), ..... 10. Antrocephalus KBY. ~~ frons at the inner margin of the eyes with at most a slight keel (carina preor­ bitalis in Haltichella SPIN.), which disappears above, i. e. the frontal keel is lacking ...... •...... 9. 9. The scutellum runs out at the back into two horizontal, parallel, spinous dents (see fig. 71); the first tergite is strikingly large, tongue-shaped, at the back broadly rounded; at the base with two keels carinae and between them with fine longitudinal wrinkles; postmarginal vein often very indistinct; flagel­ lum of ~ distinctly cuneiform, in ~filiform; preorbital keel distinctly developed, but ending above in front of the lateral ocellus ..... 9. Haltlchella SPIN. ~~ scutellum only with two flatly lobate, short teeth; when the teeth are longer (fig. 76), the adbomen has striking white pubescence and the body is larger than 6 mm. (Euchalc-is miegi DuF.) ...... •...... 10. 10. ~; abdomen long-conical or shortly pointed; epipygidium with median keel; when the abdomen is shorter the wings have two distinct dark spots ...... ll ~; abdomen rounded at the back; epipygidium without any keel; pedicel always shorter and narrower :than the lst segment of the funicle; between them always duced a ring-joint ...... 15. 11. Feelers jointed only down at the clypeus, long, slender; pedicel at least 3 times longer than broad at the. end; the long scape reaches to the middle ocellus; when the feelers are not so strikingly long the wings have two spots ...... 12. feelers shorter stronger jointed higher on the face; when lower (Neochalcis KBY.) the wings are equally darkened; callus interantennalis is not much pro- and thin ...... 13. 12. Face strongly concave, feelers very long; posterior femur coarsely, not densely punctured, shiny; thorax often more or less red; large species ...... 11. Euchalcis DUF. ~- face less concave, feelers mostly shorter, abdomen without conspicuous pu­ bescence; posterior femur with a fine sculpture, dull; thorax in all European species black ...... 12. Hockeria WLK. ~- 13. Head long-triangular, the relatively small eyes shorter than the cheeks, on which the facial carina is distinct; antennae jointed high above the mouth aperture, clypeus very high;-scape shorter than half the height of the head; pedicel considerably shorter than the lst segment of the funicle, the narrowly extended part of the abdomen (epipygidium with ovipositor), as long as the anterior broad part, ...... 8. Neophasganophora Ms. ~­ head transverse, feelers jointed lower, scape longer, abdomen not so strikingly extended and narrowed in the same case ...... 14. 14. Frons at the inner orbitae moderately bumped; ocelli small, distance of the lateral ocellus from the compound eye as great as from the median. ocellus;. stigmal vein distant under an angle of more than 45°; pedicel as long as it is broad; lobate dents of the scutellum very short ...... 7. Chirocera LATR. ~­ frons not bumpy-convex, distance of the lateral ocellus from the eye equal to its diameter only; stigmal vein distant under an angle not exceeding 45°, post­ marginal vein always very long; pedicel longer; dents of the scutellum more recognizable ...... 6. Neochalcls KBY. ~- , 16 The First Revision of the European Species ofthe Fam. Ohalcididae (Hymenoptera)

15. Clypeus at least twice as high as the labrum, smooth in its upper haJf; feelers jointed high on the face; ,scape shorter than half the height of the head; pedicel shorter than the width; annellus very transverse, difficult to distinguish; first segments of the funicle nodular, i. e. slightly swollen in the middle; fronto-genal suture distinct, eyes shorter than cheeks, head triangular ...... ~ ...... 8. Neophasganophora Ms. d'. c~ypeus shorter than labrum, feelers jointed lower, scape longer, segments of the funicle cylindric; fronto-genal suture at most only indicated below; eyes larger; head never so strikingly triangular ...... 16. 16. Feelers not thickened, filiform; annellus very distinct; labrum with slight indi- cation of median keel ...... 6. Neochalcis KBY. d' . . annellus apparently lacking (it is so short that it fuses with the 1st segment of the funicle), funicle often slenderer at the end, labrum concave, without traces of a keel ...... , ...... l 7. 17. Posterior femur shiny, coarsely punctured, below· in the middle with a small pointed dent; feelers strong, narrowed at the end; 1st segment of the funicle long, thick, bent; rare, large species, ...... 11. E:uchalcis DuF. Cf. posterior femur with a fine sculpture, dull; the dent in the. middle is not sharp; scutellum with short, lobate dents; feelers often only simply filiform; wings at most very slightly smoke-coloured, with indication of two spots; abdomen without striking pubescence, smaller species ...... 12. Hockeria WLK. d'. 18. Propodeum extended backwards on the sides of the abdomen in big horns ...... 16. Hybothorax RTZB.c)'4?. propodeum at the abdomen almost straight, without striking extension into large dents on the sides ...... ·...... 19. 19. Scutellum terminated by two distinct dents; propodeum strongly sloping; head above, in an anterio-posterior direction very thin, so that the temples and vertex are almost lacking; face covered with dense silvery bristles; feelers of 4! long· and slender; scape of 6 often with a dent below; posterior margin of the pronotum with a border of minute white bristles ... 17. Lasiochalcidia )YI:s. c)'4?. scutellum circular or subcircular or subtruncated (Invreia nigerrima Ms·.) always without dents; propodeum often horizontal; head above always thicker; face without striking pubescence (except Invreia mirabilis n. sp.); pronotum without border of small bristles ...... ; ...... 20. 20. Clypeus strikingly prolonged into a projecting four-sided disc which covers in front the labrum and in part also the mandibles. Scrobe very shallow; feelers strikingly slender, long; thorax sparsely punctured, shiny ...... :...... 15. Peltochalcidia ( STEFF.) 4!. clypeus not prolonged into a four-sided roof above the labrum ...... 21. 21. Feelers slender, their third segment is not conspicuously shorter than the fourth segment, i. e. behind the pedkel are eight approximately equally large joints of moderately decreasing length; scape long, moderately slenderer in the distal half; epipygidium with median keel; 4! ••.•••.•••..•..••...•• 22. feelers shorter, scape sometimes incised in the distal half, third joint of the feeler developed in the form of an annellus, very short, narrower than the lst segment of the funicle; d' ...... ; ...... 23. 22. First tergite at the base with two short but always very distinct keel shaped ridges ...... 14. E:uchalcidia Ms. 4?. first tergite at the base with an often· developed fovea, always without any keels ...... 13. lnvreia Ms. 4?. 23. Upper edge of the clypeus semicircularly thrust imbricatedly over the labrum; thorax shiny, sparse punctured; propodeum subhorizontal ...... ·...... 15. Peltochalcidia STEFF·. 6 clypeus at most with slightly raised upper edge, not overturned in a semi- circular roof ...... 24. 24. First tergite as in 4! .with two distinct keels at the base, between them a small basal cavity (fovea) ...... 14. E.uchalcidia Ms. c)'. first tergite only with a slight fovea without any traces of keels on its sides ...... • ...... · ...... · . . . . 13. lnvreia Ms. d'. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 17

I. Subfamily Brachymeriinae Tri bus Brachymeriini Posterior tibiae at the end obliquely spinously truncated, with one spur. Posterior femur always without a comb, with simple dents. Feelers jointed high above the cly-_peus. Abdomen sessile, as the petiole is very short, transverse. Up till now only one genus is known from Europe.

I. Brachymeria WESTWOOD. Brachymeria WESTWOOD 1832; Ohalcis auct. Description: Feelers short. The thick scape reaches as a rule to the anterior ocellus; pedicel short, transverse; annellus very transverse, often indistinct. All seven segments of the funicle either slightly trans­ verse or basally barely' longer than wide, in 6' the first 4 to 6 below with conspicuous trichoid or rather cylindric smell sensillae obliquely truncated at the end. Club compact, sutures of the original three joints distinct. Head from the front transversally oval, closely punctured. Feelers jointed above the level of the lower margin of the eyes; scrobe deep, narrow, delimited only above carinately. Frontogenal suture indicated by a keel. Clypeus arched, transverse, smooth, labrum semicircularly oval, trans­ verse. Right mandible with two to three teeth, left mandibula always two teeth. Temples often with a keel (carina postorbitalis), which delimits the concave lower part where the anterior tibia is partly leant on. Ocelli large, in a broad triangle. Thorax densely coarsely punctured, inconspicuously shortly pube­ scent, strongly convex. Pronotum at the back broadly shallowly incised, without a border of bristles. The ridge-shaped margin of the scutellum either runs out at the back into two lobes or is only simply rounded. Propodeum coarsely wrinkled, the usual keels little distinct, costa late­ ralis running out at most into an obtuse-angular dent. Posterior femur strongly thickened, below with a row of 8 to 15 simple dents. Posterior tibia arched, at the end terminated obliquely spinally, with only one spur. Wings clear or slightly smoky, marginal vein relatively long like the postmarginal vein, stigmal vein shortly cuneiform. Petiole very short, invisible from above. Tergites with straight posterior margin, without a conspicuous pubescence. In ~~ the abdomen is sometimes conical but never elongated long and slender. Head and thorax (except the tegulae) unicoloured, usually. black, legs often with yellow, red, white drawing. Sexual dimorphism small; in~~ the feelers are a little slender, without special smell organs,. which 6'6' have underneath on the funicle. Epipy­ gidium. of 6'6' flat-convex, in~~ slightly compressed from the sides, with a median keel. · The genus is distributed in a great number of species in the warm regions of the whole world. From Europe 13 species were recorded, · established especially thanks to RusoRKA. This author distinguishes in his classic work of 1922 12 species: femorata PANZ., intermedia NEES, rugulosa FoRST., punctulata FoRST., secundaria Ruson., moerens Ruson., 18 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) vitripennis FoRST., fonscolombei DuF., vicina WALK., obtusata FoRST., minuta L. and neglecta MAST. As thirteenth species was described in 1929 Brachymeria tauriensis MAST. Br. tauriensis Ms. is a synonym of Br. secundaria RuscH. and Br. obtusata FoRST is most probably conspecific with Br. vicina WLK. Thus the number of species known from Europe is reduced to eleven. Though I had at my disposal an exceptionally rich material just for this genus, I did not find any new species.

Key of the Species.

l. ~; epipygidium with median keel, compressed from the sides, under it the end of the ovipositor; thus the abdomen appears more or less pointed; feelers only with uniform fine pubescence (rather strong magnification!) ...... 2 .. d'; epipygidium flat-convex; median keel rarely slightly indicated; abd()men rounded behind; feelers below on the 1st to 5th joints of the funicle with compact groups of special smell sensillae, which have the form of conspicuous. more or less trichoid formations ...... 14. 2. Posterior femur red, with a yellowish or whitish spot at the end, without any black colour; second tergite in the middle without characteristic punc­ tuation; red and yellow (white) colours predominate on the legs; scape also often with a yellowish white spot ...... ·. . . . 3. posterior femur always at least at the base or in the middle black, never only red ...... 4 .. 3. Posterior femur finely and very closely punctured, punctures connected with each other by fine grooves, therefore dull; thorax with strongly convex scritel­ lum; temples with coarse sculpture; their pubescence not dense; species not rare in southern Europe ... ·, ...... •... 8. Br. fonscolombei DuF. ~­ posterior femur rather coarsely, sparsely punctured, shiny, considerably slenderer (length twice the width), dents far apart, their points black; abdomen shorter than in B. fonscolombei DUF.; punctuation of the thorax less close; temples above the postorbital ·keel very finely punctured and very densely white pubescent; very rare species ...... Br. neglecta 11. (Ms.) ~- 4. Second tergite coarsely closely punctured; all tergites except the first white pubescent; scutellum with two distinct dents, above which dense white bristles form a characteristic double spot; tibiae entirely, posterior femur at the base and end yellow; abdomen short, broad;. 5-7 mm .. I. Br. femorata (PANZ.) ~­ second tergite at least in thEt posterior half finely punctured or without any punctuation; scutellum wihout spots; posterior femur never yellow at the .... . base ...... 5. 5. Second tergite with ·characteristic, though mostly very fine punctuation; abdomen shortly pointed ...... ·...... 6. second tergite without characteristic punctuation, shiny (under a magnifica­ tion of 40 times one can sometimes see a fine indication of a squamous sculpture); abdomen conically prolonged; postorbital keel always developed ...... 11. 6. Scutellum at the back with two lobate dents; posterior femur rather coarsely and very densely punctured; finely wrinkled, quite dull; colouring dark, also femur and tibia almost quite black; punctuation of the second tergite often little marked, sculpture rather squamous; head at the inner orbitae slightly bumpy convex; scrobe does not reach the ocellus, distant from it by the diameter of the ocellus; postorbital keel developed; very rare species ...... 7. Br. moerens (RuscH.) ~- scutellum rounded; head normal; scrobe reaching much nearer to the ocellus ... • . . . . . • • ...... ' ... 7 .. 7. Second tergite at the base with coarse punctures, behind finely densely punctu­ red; posterior tibia usually (not always) outside all yellow; posterior femur coarsely sparsely punctured; limit between black and yellow colouring usually straight; posterior tarsi thick; postorbital keel developed; abundant species in southern Europe; 4 to 6 mm ...... 2. Br. intermedia (NEES) ~. second tergite finely punctured, only sometimes at the base with interspersed isolated coarser punctures; tibiae never wholly yellow ...... 8. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1. 19

s. Posterior femur dull, very closely punctured, between the punctures finely wrinkled; punctures sometimes so fine as to fuse with the wrinkly sculpture ...... 9. posterior femur more or less shiny; punctures at least on the lower half (outside, near the dents) distinct and without fine wrinkles ...... 10 9. Postorbital keel not developed; femur with a very fine sculpture, punctures in tiny wrinkles often indistinct; posterior tibia at the base usually black (exceptionally red), then with a short, pale-yellow ring, the rest again black; abdomen very short, broad, posterior half of the second tergite usually with less distinct punctures; smallest species, 2.5-3 mm ...... 6. Br. punctulata (FORST.)

scutellum without spots, legs almost completely dark, posterior femur very " closely punctured, completely dull; 2nd tergite with fine, sometimes somewhat indistinct punctuation; frons on both sides slightly bumpily convex; smell organs of the feelers trichoid ...... B. moerens 7. (RuscH.) r5. 17. Second tergite at the base sparsely coarsely punctured, in the posterior half minutely closely punctured; posterior tibia on the outside as a .rule entirely yellow, posterior femur with coarse, not close punctuation, black; yellow colour of the distal end delimited almost straight; posterior tarsi robust; smell organs in the shape of cylinders ending in an oblique disc ...... 2. B. intermedia (NEES) r5. second tergite only with very fine punctuation; tibiae always with black colouring, smell sensillae trichoid ...... 18. 18. Posterior femur fairly shiny, always with distinct punctures, without a fine wrinkling ...... 19. - . Posterior femur dull, the close fine punctures often lose themselves in the microscopic wrinkly sculpture ...... 20. 19. Right mandible 3 teeth; posterior femur closely uniformly punctured, posterior tarsi robust, compactly built, incisions between the joints indistinct; length 2 of the last tergite greater than / 3 of the distance of the pygostyli from each other; tegulae usually yellow ...... 3. B. rugulosa (FoRST.) r5. right ·mandible 2 teeth; posterior femur in the neighbourhood of the dents very sparsely punctured, shiny, at the opposite, upper end, however, sometimes with a longitudinal rugous sculpture, in it rather close punctures, posterior tarsi slender, incisions between the joints distinct; last tergite shorter than 2 / 3 of the distance between the pygostyles; tegulae usually dark ...... 5. B. vitripennls (FoRST.) r5. 20. Postorbital keel distinctly developed; posterior femur very closely punctured and finely wrinkly, punctures distinct; posterior tibia at the base only yellow; right mandible 3 teeth; very rare ...... 4. B. secundaria (RuscH.) r5. postorbital keel lacking; right mandible 2 teeth; posterior femur with a very fine sculpture, minute, sometimes little distinct punctures connected by a network of grooves; posterior tibia at the base usually ~lack, then with a yel- lowish white ring, rest again black ...... 6. B. punctulata (FORST.) r5. 21. Posterior femur dull, very closely punctured and wrinkly; dents of the scutel- lum distinct ...... 22. :...._ posterior femur shiny, sparsely punctured ...... ·. 23. 22. Forehead at the orbitae bumpily convex; legs almost entirely black; second tergite usually slightly squamosely punctured ..... 7. B. moerens (RuscH.) 0· forehead normal, scrobe reaching almost to the ocellus, scutellum strongly convex, distinct dents raised upwards; scape often with a light spot; tibiae predominantly coloured red and yellow· ...... 8. B. fonscolombei (DuF.) r5. 23. Scutellum in the posterior half flat, scarcely incised, or roundedly truncated; punctuation of the femora closer than in the following species; coloration of the posterior femora sometimes threefold: the black colour is sharply deli- mited against a red zone separating the yellow or yellowish white end...... 9. B. vicina (WLK.) r5. scutellum distinctly incised, normally convex ...... 24. 24. Posterior femur with dents without spaces between them, broader, the yellow to white spot at the base extends in a lobe into the interior area of the femur; pit-sculpture on the temples above the postorbital keel very shallow, pits broad, shiny, pubescence here sparse, inconspicuous; abundant species ...... , ... , ...... 10. Br. minuta (L.) r5. posterior femur red, at the base often black, relatively slender, twice as long as wide, dents far from each other; pit sculpture on the temples deeper, very close, pits minute, pressed together, each with a white or yellowish bristle, pube­ scence therefore close, conspicuous; very rarespecies .... ll. Br. neglecta (Ms.) r5

The species of the genus Brachymeria WESTW. seem, to form several natural groups, but without a knowledge of tropical material very rich in species these groups cannot be accurately delimited: According to various criteria four groups .can be. distinguished. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 21

To the first group belongs Br. femorata (PANZ.) with a coarsely punctured and pubescent abdomen, very short also in <;2, further with a characteristic tuft of white bristles on the two-dented scutellum, "etc. This species has many relatives in the tropics. The second group seems to be characterised by a three-teethed right mandible, a rounded scutellum without conspicuous bristles, relatively robustly built posterior tarsi, and other features. Here belong of the European species Br. intermedia (NEES ); rugulosa (FORST. ), and secundaria (RusoH.) of which the former approaches closely the species Br. femorata (PANZ.) and the latter the following group in which can be placed Br. vitripennis (FoRST.) and punctulata (FoRST). They have a two-teethed right mandible, a short and finely punctured abdomen, a rounded scutel­ lum, and the postorbital keel is lacking in them. The last group has" in ¥¥ usually a relatively long abdomen with slightly shagreenated or completely smooth tergites, a two-teethed right mandible, and most of the species belonging to it live parasitically on Dipterae (always?). I saw Br. minuta (L.) said to have been reared from Diprion sp., and another from Lymantria dispar (L.). Such species are Br. moerens (RusoH.) fonscolombei (DuF.), vicina (WLK.), minuta (L). and neglecta (Ms. ). The species are arranged according to the affinity assumed. For .each are given supplements and remarks to the diagnosis given by RusomcA, 1922; I. Brachymeria femorata (PANZER) (f~gs.l2-14).

Ghalcis femorata PANZER 1801, etc. In addition to the normal placoid smell sensillae 6'6' have still special sensillae in the form of moderately distant flat cylinders ending at the. end obliquely in a shiny disc (fig. 12); these sensillae form compact groups at the underside of the lst to 5th funicle joints. The right mandible has three (median tooth sometimes slightly developed), the left one two teeth. In specimens from the southern part of the area of distribution a reddish brown to red colouring ·occurs frequently instead of the black one, especially on the abdomen. It lives parasitically in the larvae of various butterflies, just as does the following species, but it is more rare. In Czechoslovakia it about in June-August, very rare even in the warmest localities. Like the other species of the genus it sits preferably on Umbelliferae. Distribution: from Sweden through the whole of Europe to Egypt, Iraq, Transcaucasia and Siberia. I checked specimens from the following localities: Spain: Cuenca, Castilia (Korb); - Corsica: Ajaccio (coil. Marshall);- France: Le Lavandou (Obenberger);- Czechoslovakia: Praha, ex Aporia crataegi (Vavrousek); - Moravia: Lednice (Boucek); Hlohovec (Boucek); Bfeclav (Rezek); - Slovakia: Nitra (Bck., Hffr., Sustera), - Sturovo with environment: Dunaj, Kamenica, Kovacov, (Bck., Hffr., Sustera, Tichy); Hamor nad Iplom (Bck.); Slov. N. Mesto (Sustera ), Seleska (Sust. ), Ladm.ovce (Sust. ), Kral. Chlumec (Bck) Cierna nad Tisou (Hffr). -Poland: Olkusz (Pongracz).-U.S.S.R.: Ukraina: Uzhorod (Vavra); Berehovo, ex Pieris; Achtjuba coil. Duske); 22 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Russia, Sarepta; Caucasus, Gori (Csiki, exp. Zichy). - Roumania: Transylvania, Dicsoczentmarton (Csiki); Nagyenyed, ex A. arataegi (Szi­ lady); Kaisd Saschiz (v. Silbernagel); Comana Vlasca (Montandon). Hungary: Budapest with environment, R6zsadomb; Kamaraerdo, Gel­ Ierthegy (Bir6, Pavel; Szepligeti); Bugac (Szilady); Fony6d (Szepligeti); Gy6n (Kertesz); Kalocsa (Erdos); Kecskemet (Bir6); Nagyteteny (Bartk6); Szeged, Nagyszeks6s (Szab6-Patay); Simontornya; Szod (Bir6); Usz6d (Erdos).-Yugoslavia: Curzola (Apfelbeck); Deliblat (Kertesz); Lastua, Dalm. (Horvath); Prenj, 1916m, Herzeg. (Grabowski); Subotica (Taubert); Vrdnik (Pavel). - Greece: Salona (Horvath). - Turkey: Anatolia, Konia (Korb); Eregli (Lendl). -Iraq: Bagdad (Kalalova). - U.S.S.R. in Asia: Bir Kara, Semirjecensk; Cupan Ata, Samarkand.

2; Brachymerici intermedia (NEES). (fig. i5)

Chalcis intermedia NEES, 1834, etc. Sensillae on the feelers of 6'0' arranged as in Br. femorata (PANZ.) Right mandible with three, left one with two teeth. Posterior tarsi very robustly and compactly built, incisions between the segments weak. It lives parasitically in the larvae of the most different butterflies. ;:? lays the eggs often into the full-grown caterpillars. As it is abundant here and there it is also of practical importance, for it attacks also pests as Lymantria dispar L., Aporia crataegi L., Euproctis chrysorhoea L., Tmetocera ocellana L., Oenophthira pilleriana L., a. s. o. Because of its polyphagy it cannot be used effectively in the biological control of the pests. The imago flies about in June-September in southern Slovakia, here and there abundantly; especially on bushy oaks and on the Grami­ neae and Umbelliferrae around them. Distributed from Britain and Spain through temperate Europe and the Mediterranean to Algeria, Iraq and Turkestan. Introduced also into North America. I checked the following finds: Algeria: Batna (exp. Obenberger); Bone (Marshall); Le Tar£ (Marshall). - Spain: Cuenca (Korb). - France: Agay-Var (exp. Obenberger). :- Italy: Aspromonte (Paga­ netti); Gerace, Calabria (Paganetti); Gorizia (Palmen). - Germany: Dessau, Sieglitzerberg (Koller); Mecklenburg (Konow).-Austria: Sit­ tendorf, ex. Lep. (Macek).- Czechoslovakia: Bohemia: Svarov (Paw­ lik); Brzanky (Hffr); Praha, ex Hipocrita jacobaea (Vavrousek); ex Aporia crataegi (Vavrousek); eZygaena (Schwarz), Chuchle (Sust), Modfany (Sust), Nusle (Sust); Moravia: Ubusin (Gregor); Mohelno (Snoflak); Brno (Sno£­ lak, Hffr); Pouzdfany (Gregor, Hffr); Turold (Hffr); Hlohovec (Bck); N. Dvur, Lednice (Rezek); Breclav (Rezek); Dol. Bojanovice (Hffr); - Archlebov (Hffr); Kobyli (Snoflak, Sust); Cejc (Sust, Hffr); Rohatec (Hffr); Hodonin (Hffr); Bzenec (Snoflak); Uh. Hradiste, Mikovice (Hffr); Chfiby (Hffr); Javornik (Hffr); Slovakia: Nitra, Zobor, Kalvaria, Drazovce (Sust, Bck); Sturovo: at Danube, Nana, Hedfarok, Kamenica, Kovacov (Hffr, Sust, Balthasar, B'ck); Kamendin (Hffr, Bck); Mala Torona (Sust); Sahy, Somos (Bck); Ban. Bystrica (Sust); Turna nad Bodv. (Bck, Hffr); Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 23

Slov. N. Mesto (Hffr); - Pilis (Sust); Streda nad Bodrog. (Sust); Seleska; Ladmovce (Sust); Kevedz (Bck); Kral. Chlumec (Bck, HHr); Vinna u Mich. (Bck). - U.S.S.R.: ,Podolia" (Hanus); Taganrog-Nikolajevka (Ahnger); Caucasus (Leder);-·Armenia Turk., Kulp (Korb ).-Roumania: Banat, Mehadia (Ujhelyi); Nagyvarad (Mocsary); Szovata, Transs. (Csiki); -Hungary: Budaors (Bartk6 ); Budapest (Bir6, Dudich, Kertesz, Pavel, Szepligeti, Uhryk); Budafok (Bartk6); Debrecen (Ujhelyi); Erdobenye; Esztergom (Bokor); Fony6d (Szepligeti); Gellerthegy; Gy6n; Kiskun­ halas (Szilady); Kalocsa (Erdos); Kamaraerdo; Koszeg (Visnya); Mecsek­ hegy (Pavel); Paszt6; Peszer (Uhl); Pomaz; Rakosszentmihaly (Bartk6); Satoraljaujhely; Simontornya; Si6fok, exZygaena (Szepligeti); Szigetszent­ mikl6s (Bir6 ); Szod (Bir6 ); Torokbalint (Kertesz, Bartk6 ); Turkeve; Vacduka: Csoroghegy(Bir6),Dukaihegy.- Yugoslavia: Djakovar; Gre­ benac (Mocsary); Hrasno (Apfelbeck); Novi (Horvath); Opalina; Rad; Subotica (Taubert); Trogir (Apfelbeck); Ulma (Pavel); Vrdnik (Pavel); Zrmanja.- Albania: Valona. -Bulgaria: Burgas (Apfelbeck); Kam­ cija (Gregor); Knazevo; Rila pl. (H. Lindberg); Sado:vo; Sofia (Szilady); Varna (Gregor); Velka Papija, Strandza pl. (Taborsky). - Greece: Panaon; Parnass; Prionia-Vermion (Bartun).- Turkey: Stambul (Hor­ vath); Hamidie (Lend!); Karacabey,- Brussa (Ajtai); Konia (Korb). - Iraq: Bagdad (Kalalova); and 1 ~sine loc., design. "scirropoda, typus".

3. Brachymeria rugulosa (FoRSTER). (figs. 16, 18)

Ohalcis rugulosa FCiRSTER 1859, etc. By its slenderer feelers it approaches the following species. The smell sensillae on the underside of the funicle are trichoid. Posterior tarsi thick, ()Ompact, the individual joints not constricted at the base, pretarsus thickest, very finely shortly pubescent. By the structure of the tarsi and by the mandibles, of which the right one has three and .the left one two teeth, Br. rugulosa (FoRST.) approaches very much the preceding species. 'The abdomen of ~ is somewhat longer than in the related species. It lives in old oak-galls of Oynips kollari where it seems to live parasitically on the tiny butterflies living in the pulp of the gall-nuts. Distributed through Central and Southern Europe and as far as the Volga region. I checked 76 6'6' and 69 ~~from the following localities: Austria: Wien, 1 ~' "typus". -Czechoslovakia: Bohemia: Celako­ vice (Hffr); Karany~nad Lab. (Obenberger); Moravia: Mohelno (Hffr); Brno, Hady (Hffr); Zidlochovice (Hffr); Pouzdfany (Gregor, Hffr); e Oy­ nipidis kollari (Pelikan); Kobyli (Gregor, Kocourek); Markuvky (H£fr); Archlebov (H££r); Bofetice (Hffr); Klausen, Pavlov. Kopce (Hffr); Mikulov, Sedlec (Rezek); Bfeclav (Rezek); Slovakia: Nitra-Zobor (Bck); Stlirovo Dunaj, Nana, Muzla, Kovacov (Hf£r, Sust); Kamendin (Hffr, Bck);. Sahy, Somos (Bck); Turna nad Bodv. (Bck, Hffr); Slov. N. Mesto (Sust, Hffr); Somotor (Bck, H££r); M. Kevezd (Sust); Kral. Chlumec (Bck); Cierna nad T. (Bck, H££r); Vinna (Bck). -Roumania: Tasnad (Bir6). Hungary: Budapest, Sashegy (M6czar, Bir6); Rakos (Bir6), Svabhegy (Szepligeti); Csepel (Bir6); Cered; Gy6n (Kertesz); Kalocsa (Erdos'); Kiste­ teny (Szepligeti); Mak6; Orszeritmikl6s (Saj6); Pilismar6t (Szepligeti); 24 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Szigetszentmikl6s (Bir6); Turkeve; Ujfehert6; Ujpest (Gabrieli). - Yu­ goslavia: Novi (Horvath); Senj (Bir6); Serbia (Hlf.); Subotica (Taubert). - Bulgaria: Kamcija (Gregor).

4. Brachymeria secundaria (RuscHKA). Chalcis secunda1'ia RusOHKA 1922, etc., Bmchyme1'ia tau1'iensis MASI 1927. Masi confirmed to me the conspecifity of the two species after comparing the type of this species with RusCHKA's cotypes. Br. tauriensis Ms. was established on differences from RuscHKA's diagnosis, according to which Br. secundaria Ms. has "Hinterschenkel verhaltnismassig schma­ ler als bei den meisten Arten." Besides, R USCHKA does not mention the strikingly large eyes, a feature Masi stresses. Right mandible three-teethed, left one with two teeth. Posterior femur very closely punctured and dull, finely wrinkly. It attacks Braconids living parasitically in the larvae of butterflies and is thus a hyperparasite. Very rare species, I have not yet seen reared specimens. All minute species of the genus Brachymeria WESTW. have so far been confused in various ways and their distribution is thus very little known. This applies especially to the species Br. rugulosa (FORST.), secundaria (RuscH.), vitripennis (FORST.) and punctulata (FoRST.). According to reliable reports Br. secundaria (RuscH.) is distributed through Central and Southern Europe as far as the Crimea. I checked the following finds (3 6'6' and 11 ~~): Italy: Calabria, Gerace (Paganetti); - Czechoslovakia: Sturovo (Ob{:mberger); Slov. N. Mesto (Hffr). - Roumania: Kaisd-Saschiz (v. Silbernagel). - Hungary: Budapest, Hiivosvolgy (Szepligeti); Orszentmikl6s (Sajo); Simontornya; Tiszabercel (Horvath.). - Yugoslavia: Subotica (Taubert); Hrasno (Apfelbeck).

5. Brachymeria vitripennis (FORSTER) (figs. 17, 19). Ohalcis vitripennis F6RSTER 1859, RusoHKA 1922; Brachyme1'ia vitripennis ERDOS 1946. RusCHKA, 1922, reports only two 6'6' from Bohemia and Transcau­ casia. ERnos, 1946, mentions from Hungary also 1 <;:, but does not describe it. I saw the specimen in question. ~ 2.5-3. 7 mm., 6' 2-3.3 mm. Coloration the same in both sexes. ~has the abdomen of a similar structure as in the species Br. punctulata (FoRST.), in contradistinction to Br. rugulosa (FoRST.) which it otherwise resembles much. Epipygidium very short. Posterior tarsi slender, second joint above more than twice as long as wide, pretarsus slender, only slightly broader than the preceding joints. Head as broad as the thorax between the tegulae. Feelers slender; first segment of the funicle slightly. longer than broad, second and third segments as long as broad. Both mandibles two-teethed as in cj'. Parasites in Oassida spp., Ooleoptera. Imago rare, in xerothermic localitins. Distributed from western Germany through Central and Southern Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1. 25

Europe as far Transcaucasia. I checked 37 (S(S and 61 ¥¥from the follo­ wing localities: l (S, sine loc., "typus" (from the Nat. Mus. Budapest); 2 ¥¥, sine loc., with pupae of Oassida sp. -Czechoslovakia: Moravia: Modfice (Sno£lak); Pouzdrany (Hffr); Klentnice (Hffr); Cejc (Kocourek); Sobulky (Sust); Cejkovice (Rezek); Breclav (Rezek); Slovakia: Sturovo, at Danube (Hffr, Bck); Kovacov (Hffr); - Kamendin (Hffr, Bck); Slov. N. Mesto (Hffr); Vinna (Bck). - Roumania: Nagyenyed, Marospart (Bir6); Nagyvarad (Mocsary).- Hungary: Budapest (Bir6), R6zsadomb (Csiki), Rakos (Bir6); FoktO (Erdos); Jaszb~reny (M6czar); Kalocsa (Erdos); Kecskemet (Bir6); Koszeg (Visnya); Orszentmikl6s (Saj6); Pi­ lismar6t (Szepligeti); Simontornya, in quercetis (Bir6); SzOd (Bir6); Vac, Gajaritelep (Bir6); Vacduka-Csoroghegy (Bir6); Dukaihegy. - Yugo­ slavia: Subotica (Taubert); Petrovaradin (Pavel); Wght. Pule ( ~). - Bulgaria: Camkorija (Szilady); Sofia (Szilady). -Greece: Corfu (Paga­ netti); Parnass.

6. Brachymeria punctulata (FoRSTER) (fig. 20).

Ohalcis punctulata FoRSTER 1859, RuscHKA 1922. Brachymeria punctulata ERDOS. 1946. In CS on the underside of the funicle trichoid sensillae. Both mandibles two-teethed. Basal dark ring of the posterior tibiae rarely red, always narrow. Host unknown. Imago here and there abundant in the warmest (xerotherm.ic) localities, especially on flowering U mbelli ferae. It is really strange that RuscHKA knew only four specimens as it is a species here and there common in Central and Northern Europe. It is possible that it escaped attention because it is the smallest species, and because it flies during the greatest noon heat. I examined some 220 specimens, of which about two thirds were n. . Distributed through Central and Southern Europe, in the East as far as into Roumania and Asia Minor. I checked specimens from the. following localities: Czechoslovakia: Moravia: Pouzdrany (Hffr); Cejc (Sno£lak); Bzenec (Hffr); Klausen (Hffr); Turold (Hffr); Breclav (Rezek); Slovakia: Nitra, Zobor (Bck); Sturovo, at Danube (Bck, Hffr); I~ovacov (H££r, Bck); Kamendin (H££r, Bck); Nagysall6 (Dudich); Velka Calomija (Bck); Turna n. Bodv. (Bck); Slov. N. Mesto (Sust, H££r); Streda n. Bodrog. (Sust); Somotor (Bck, Hffr); Kevezd (Bck); Kral. Chlumec (Bck); Cierna n. Tis. (Eck). - Roumania: Orsova (Horvath); Bucarest (Montandon). - Hungary: Budapest: Hiivosvolgy (Bir6), Budai h. (Erdos), Rakos (Bir6), Ujpest (Gabrieli); Buj (Horvath); Fehervarcsurg6; K6taj (Hor­ vath); Mariabesnyo (Fodor); Miske (Erdos); Nagykanizsa; Papa (Wachs­ mann); Pomaz (Szilady); Racmecske (Erdos); Szigetszentmikl6s (Bir6); Szigliget (Horvath); Szod (Bir6); Tompa (Erdos); Ujfehert6 (Horvath); Vac: Gajaritelep (Bir6), Csoroghegy. - Greece(1): Sarina (Paganetti). -Turkey: Sindzakoi, Angora (Stanek); Eski-Tshehir (Lendl).. 2 6 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

7. Brachymeria moerens (RuscHKA). (figs. 22, 23) Ohalcis moerens RusCHKA. 1922; Brachymeria moerens MASI 1927. In()' on the underside on the funicle trichoid smell sensillae. Frons at the inner orbitae slightly but distinctly bumpily convex; the keel shaped delimitation of the scrobe does not reach the median ocellus which is distant from the limit (this limit is sometimes not distinctly developed at the ocellus) by about the length of its diameter. Both mandibles two-teethed. Punctuation of the second tergite indistinct, perhaps better described as shagreening. Posterior femur very broad, entirely dull, punctuation very close together and surface between the punctures wrinkly. It is not known how it lives; it is everywhere very rare. RuscHKA, I922 and MAsr, I927c report it from Austria and Italy. But it is certainly distributed in the whole of Southern Europe, to the north as far as Cze­ choslovakia and the Ukraine. I checked the following finds: Czechoslo­ vakia: Plesivec, IS. VI. 19I5, I ¥ (Kertesz). - U.S.S.R.: Novorossijsk, I ¥ (Luther). - Hungary: Budapest, I ¥ (Kuthy). - Yugoslavia: Brazda planina, I ¥. -Bulgaria: Rila planina, VI. I929, I ¥ (Pfeffer) and I ()' sine loc.

8. Brachymeria fonscolombei (DuFOUR). (fig. 21) Ohalcis Fonscolombei DUFoR 1841, RusCHKA, 1922, etc. Trichoid sensillae on the funicle of ¥. Both mandibles two-teethed. Scutellum in the posterior third (observed from the side) strongly convex. RuscHKA's statement (I922, p. 229): "Schildchen beim Mannchen etwas vorgezogen, abgestutzt oder schwach ausgerandet", sems to refer to some specimens of the species Br. vicina WALK. It lives parasitically in Sacrophagidae, therefore the imago visits places with spoiled meat, carrions and excrements. Distributed from Sweden to North Africa and to the East as far as Mongolia. I checked the following finds: France: Le Lavandou, Var (exp. Obenberger).­ Czechoslovakia: Moravia: Brno, Rajecek (Hffr); Pouzdrany (Snofli1k); Dol. Vestonice (Hffr); Turold (Hffr); Breclav (Rezek); Cejc (Hffr, Sust, Snof); Hodonin (Hffr); Mor. Pisek (Hffr); Slovakia: Radvan (Hffr); Nitra (Bck); Sturovo: at Danube (Hffr); Nana (Sust); Kovacov (Sust, Hffr); Kamendin (Hffr); Vel. Calomija (Bck); Turna n. Bodv. (Bck, Hffr); Streda n. Bodrog. (Sust); Seleska (Sust); Somotor (Sust, Hffr, Bck); Krai. Chlumec (Bck); Cierna n. Tis. (Hffr). - U.S.S.R.: "Rossia" (coli. Duske); Sarepta; Caucasus, Axtafa (Horvath).- Hungary: Budapest (Bir6, Bartk6); Budaors (Horvath); Bag (Uhl); Budafok (Uhl); Rakos (Frivaldszky); Csepel (Uhl); Bugac (Szilady); Debrecen (Bir6); Dunakeszi (Bartk6); Gy6n (Szepligeti); gyor (Sekera); Hortobagy (Szab6); Kalocsa (Erdos); Kelebia (Taubert); Orszentmikl6s (Saj6); Rum (Gyorffy); Sar­ szentmiha,ly (Horvath); Simontornya (Bir6); Szekszard (Erdos); Szenten­ dre; Szekesfehervar (Thalhammer); Soltvadkert (Bartk6); Vac (Bir6). - Yugoslavia: Subotica (Taubert); Treska-Tal(?); - !stria (Palmen). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl, I. 27

9. Brachymeria vicina (WALKER). (figs. I, 24, 27) Ohalcis vicina WALKER, 1834, MAsi, 1916, RusCHKA, 1922, etc; Ohalcis walkeri DALLA TORRE, 1897; Ohalcis obtusata FoRSTER 1859(?). Trichoid sensillae on the funicle of()'. Both mandibles two-teethed. Lateral ocelli nearer the eye than half the distance between the lateral ocelli Median ocellus a little removed from the limit o£ the scrobe, but the frons always without bumpy convexity. Bottom of the pits on the vertex of the head as a rule with a fine reticulation. Scutellum either completely flat or at least flattened in the posterior part, the ridge-like elevated margin at the back in smaller specimens usually rounded, in larger specimens in the middle moderately incised. Posterior femur some­ 2 what broader and more oval (land / 3 to twice as long as broad) than in Br. minuta (L.), where also the punctuation is more variable. Punctua­ tion of the femora in Br. vicina ~WLK.) moderately close, the individual punctures minute but characteristic. I consider Chalcis obtusata FoRSTER described after 1 <;?from southern France to be a synonym of Br. vicina WALKER. Among several hundreds of specimens of this species I found several tens of such which FoRSTER's and HuscHKA's descriptions (1859 and 1922) fit. But these specimens cannot be considered specifically different from the typical species Br. vicina (WLK.). According to the information of Dr. Maidl the type of Br. obtusata (FoRST.) is no longer in Vienna, so that it cannot be re-exa­ mined. From my experience in re-examining about 2,500 specimens of the genus Brachymeria WESTW. from the whole of Europe I came to the conclusion that Br. obtusata (FORST.) cannot be maintained as a valid species and that it can be placed most probably as a synonym to Br. vicina WALKER. Because of its great variability it is often difficult to determine with certainty some specimens, especially()'()'. <;?<;? are far easier to deter­ mine. It lives probably like Br. minuta (L:) with which it was confused, and thus there are no more detailed reports on its life. But it shows a greater fastidiousness for localities than minuta (L.). It lacks in regions with a more severe climate. Distributed from Germany and France as far as North Africa, Iraq and Transcaucasia. Checked finds: France: Agay, Var (exp. Obenberger). -Corsica: Ajaccio (coil. Marshall). - Sicilia: Catania (Matsumura). - Italy: Ucciani (?,coiL Marshall); Gorizia (Palmen).- Austria: Wien (Sekera). -Czechoslovakia: Bohemia: Vrsovice at Louny (Bck); Libceves at Louny (Bck); Hadonice n. Oh. (Bck); Hazmburk (Bck); Brzanky n. Lab. (Hffr); Moravia: everywhere in southern part; Slovakia: everywhere in southern part. - U.S.S.R: Caucasus, Axtafa (Horvath). - Houmania: Constanza (Montandon); Kaisd-Saschiz (v. Silbernagel); Tasnad (Bir6); Dicsoszentmarton (Cziki). - Hungary: Budapest with environment (Bir6, Bartk6, Kertesz, Kovacs, M6czar, Szepligeti, Szilady, Sztudva); Debrecen (Bir6); Fony6d (Szepligeti); Gy6n (Cziki, Kertesz); Kalocsa (Erdos); Kistarcsa (Bartk6); Kjsteteny (Szep~~geti); Nagyteteny (Bartk6); N agyharsany (Mehely); Kecel, Orjeg (Erdos ); Orszentmikl6s (Saj6 ); Hevfu- ·28 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) lop (Szihidy); Simontornya; Si6fok (Szepl.); Soroksar (Uhl); Szeged (Me­ hely); Szentendre (Bir6); Szigetszentmikl6s; Szod (Bir6); Tata (Bartk6); Tihany (Mihalyi); Vac, Tud6sdomb (Bir6). - Yugoslavia: Subotica (Taubert); Ljubljana (Palmen); Novi (Horvath); Rab (Horvath); Bakar; Deliblat. -Albania: Ipek (Akad. Balk. Exp. Csiki).- Greece: Creta: Amari (Bir6); Canea (Bir6); Knossos (Maran). - Turkey: Stambul (Horvath); Seraj-Koj (Naday). -Iraq: Bagdad, 1 ()' femoribus posticis rubris! (KaJalova).

10. Brachymeria minuta (LINNAEUS) (figs. ll, 25, 26). Vespa minuta LINNAEus, 1767, etc.; Chalcis minuta FABRICIUS, 1787, etc.; Brachy­ meria minuta WESTWOOD, 1832, etc.; Chalcis tricolor FoRSTER, 1859. Trichoid sensillae on the funicle in()'. Both mandibles two-teethed. In contradistinction to the preceding species, with which it is related~ it has usually the following features: Funicle more cuneiform, basal segments longer and narrower than distal ones. Lateral ocelli as distant from the eye as half the distance between them. Scrobe touching the anterior ocellus. Vertex with at the bottom shiny pits. Punctuation of the thorax more sparse, therefore surface shinier. Pronotum on the sides with a ridge-like raised division of the collar, so that the line of narrowing is hollow. Scutellum in the posterior half distinctly convex, ridge-like margin at the back prolonged into two lobate dents, slightly raised upwards. Posterior femora longer, slenderer, punctuation very variable. Usually very sparse and then the femur sometimes with a tinge of metallic lm;tre; or the punctures are very close together and coarse - RuscHKA recognized correctly that scrobiculata FoRSTER is an aberrant specimen of the species Br. minuta (L.). Very variable is also the light colouring of parts of the legs and of the tegulae. MASI, 1916 established for specimens with white spots the name var. alborufa; but it is not a taxonomic unit, but only the designation of one form in the individual variability of the species, and such specimens can be designated at most ab. alborufa MASI. Among the synonyms we have to place also BrachymeTia tricolor FoRSTER, the type of which, preserved in the Budapest Museum, I was able to revise. It lives parasitically on Sarcophagidae in carrions and in general in decomposing organic matter. As it has minimum demands with regard to climatic conditions its area of distribution is very large. From Finland, Britain and the Canary Islands through the whole of Europe, the Mediter­ ranean and Asia Minor to China. I checked the following finds:Algeria: Sidi-bel"Abbes; Constantine (colL_Marshall). -Tunisia: Sfax (Bedo). - Egypt: Cairo (Schmiedeknecht). - Spain: Picos Europa (Frey). - France: Cavalaire (Obenberger); Agay, Var (exp. Obenberger);Nantes (coli. Marshall). -Corsica: Ajaccio (Marshall). - Sicilia (Kranz). - Italy: Ohiavari (Menozzi); Gorizia (Palmen). -Austria: Wien (Meusel, Bir6). - Germany: "Brachymeria tricolor Frst., Typus"; 4 ()'()' sine loc. ex coli. Ratzeburg; Mecklenburg (Konow); Fiirstenberg i. M. (Konow); - "Ohalcis fumata Thoms., Subtyp". - Czec\hoslovakia: everywhere but not abundant. - U.S.S.R.: Humenne (Mocsary); Podolia (Hanus); Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, SuppL I. 29

"Rossia;. mer." (Ahnger); Taganrog (Ahnger); Sarepta. - Roumania: Arad (Ory Bela); Arad-Kovi (Fenyes); Bel (Mocsary); Bethlen (Bir6); Borosjen6 (Di6szeghy); Borossebes (Horvath); Dobrudja (Merkl); Gyer­ gy6remete (Csiki); Hatszeg; Kaisd-Saschiz (v. Silbernagel); Orsova (Hor­ vath); Per (Szepligeti); Szovata (Csiki); Tasnad; Torda. - Hungary: everywhere, often abundant. - Yugoslavia: Bakar (Bir6); Cattaro (Horvath); Crkvenica; "Dalmatia" (Enslin); Grebenac (Mocsary); Gri­ zane; Horgos, Banat; Krk; Nis (Horvath); Novi (Kertesz, Horvath); Pirot (Horvath); Pola, Dalm.; Rab (Horvath); Ragusa (Mehely, Reitter); Senj (Pavel, Bir6); Stara Pazova; Subotica (Taubert); Vaganski Vrh (Bir6); Vitkovac (Bir6); Zadar; Zelenika (Mehely, Horvath). - !stria: Triest (Palmen). -Bulgaria: Sofia (Lindberg); Varna (Gregor); Burgas (Ma­ ran). - Greece: Parnass, Attica (Maran); Creta: Canea (Bir6); Amari (Bir6); Rhodus; - Turkey: Istambul (Horvath); Angora (Stanek); Konya (Lendl);- Tarsus (Sahlberg). Syria: (Morice).- Iraq: Bagdad (Kalalova). - Iran: Badawa Orbil, Kurdistan (Kalalova). - U.S.S.R. in Asia: Turkestan (Bejl); Tomsk (Exp. Zichy).

11. Brachymeria neglecta (MAsr) (fig. 147). Chalcis neglecta MASI 1916, RusCHKA, 1922. In CS trichoid sensillae on the funicle. Both mandibles two-teethed. Punctuation of the temples above the preorbital keel 'very close and fine, much finer than in Br. minuta (L.), with dense characteristic white pubescence. Bristles shorter than in Br. minuta (L.). By this character also CS can be recognized with certainty; otherwise it might be confused with the species Br. vicina (WLK.) and minuta (L.). Also the punctuation of the thorax is closer and relatively finer than in Br. minuta (L.). Biology still unknown, distribution from North Africa through the Mediterranean as far as Central Europe. In the literature the northern­ most locality recorded is Trieste. I checked the following finds: Tunisia: Carthage, 15. V. 1927, 1 ~ (Maran).- Egypt: Cairo, 1897, 1 CS (Schmiede­ knecht). - Sicilia: Catania, 1 CS (Matsumura). -Italy: Gorizia, 1 CS· - Czechoslovakia: Kovacov, 15. VII. 1947, 1 CS (Hffr); Ciz-kupele, 1 6' (Pawlik). -,-- Roumania: Transs.: Per, 1 CS (Szepligeti); Bethlen, 1 6' (Kiss).- Hungary: Ormand, 2 ~~.(Vasvari); Szod, VI. 1920, 1 ~ (Bir6); Simontornya, 27. VII. 1911, 1 CS.- Yugoslavia: "Croatia", l CS (Apfel­ beck); Senj, 18. VI. 1905, 1 CS and 1 ~ (Bir6); Zadar, 25. VII. 1899, 1 cs. II. Subfamily Chalcidinae Tribus Chalcidini Posterior tibiae ending spinously apica,lly, with .one spur sometimes difficult to observe. Posterior femur without a comb, with simple dents. Abdomen distinctly petiolate as the petiole is conspicuously developed. Wings with well developed postmarginal vein. In Europe only two genera totalling four, relatively well-known species. 30 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

2. Spilochaicis THOMSON. Spilochalc·is THOMSON, 1875. Description: Feelers with eleven joints as the sutures of the club formed by the fusion of three original joints are indistinct. Annellus transverse, also in ~· Jointing of the feelers high above the clypeus, in the middle of the anterior part of the head. Feeler pits distant from each other. Scrobe not delimited keel shaped, preorbital and postorbital keels lacking. Left mandible 2, rarely 3 teeth, right one 3 teeth. Head trans­ verse in front-view. Compound eyes bare. Head and thorax closely punctured, pubescence not distinct. Thorax strongly convex. Posterior margin of the pronotum broadly incised, parapsidal furrows distinct. Scutellum on the sides and at the back with raised ridge usually inter­ rupted in the middle. Propodeum coarsely wrinkly, without characte­ ristic keels. Legs strong, tarsi short. Middle tibia with distinct spur. Posterior femora on underside with a row of simple dents (without comb). Posterior tibia with blunted spinal ending [at least inS. xantho­ stigma (DALM. )], spur concealed. Petiole longer than broad. First tergite with straight margin at the back. Last sternite in ~ not projecting, normal, in <3 not incised. Species with coloured drawings. The genus was described in 1875 by THOMSON for Ohalcis xdntho­ stigma DALMAN, which is the generotype and the only European species. The centre of development of the genus lies in the New World, where there is also the greatest wealth of species. Some species were described also from Africa and Asia.

I. Spilochalcis xanthostigma (DALMAN). (fig. 28) Ohalcis xanthostigma DALMAN, 1820; Spilochalcis xanthostigma THOMSON, 187 5.

Description: ~ : 5.5 - 10 mm. Black; light yellow are: the spot on the mandible, the inner orbitae with the upper part of the posterior or­ bita, two small spots on the pronotum, two larger ones on the mesoscu­ tum, two on the scutellum, further on the anterior and middle legs the knees, almost the whole tibiae, the tarsi, the posterior femora at the base and in two small spots in the distal half outside and in one spot inside. Otherwise the posterior knees dark, posterior tibiae reddish brown, with a yellow spot near the end and with a light ring in the basal third. Feelers short, relatively thick. Scape 3 times longer than broad, reaching to the ocellus. Pedicel shorter than broad, annellus 3 times shorter than broad. Segments of the funicle as long as they are broad, only the first one a little longer. Club as long as the two preceding joints taken together. Flagellum slightly longer than the transversal diameter of the head. Feelers jointed distinctly above the level of the inferior margin of the eyes. Feeler pits as far from each other as from the com­ pound eye. Callus interantennalis slightly convex, ending above in an angle above the deep scrobe; angle smaller than 60°. Tentorial pits close above the level of the inferior margins of the eyes, ·far from each other, relatively deep. Clypeus indistinctly delimited. Labrum transverse, four Acta. Entomologica. Musei Na.tiona.lis Pra.ga.e, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1. 31 times broader than long. Right mandible with 3, left one with 2 teeth. Cheeks with developed suture, half as long as the large diameter of the eye. Fine shagreening between the close punctuation. Head from the front twice broader than height from the inferior edge of the clypeus. Thorax strongly' convex, only one third longer than broad, collar on the sides strongly set-off ridge-like; setting-off in the middle narrowly interrupted. Punctuation of the mesoscutum unequal, punctures closest in the median line and at the parapsidal furrows. In between and on the scapulae with almost smooth, only finely striated places. Scutellum strongly convex, but in the median line flatly furrow-like compressed, broader than long; marginal ridge on the sides raised, weak in the middle. Propodeum with projectingly wrinkly sculpture, reminiscent of a dry prune. Tarsi shorter than tibiae; posterior tarsus shorter than half the posterior tibia. Posterior femur almost two and a half times longer than broad, with a boat twenty dents decreasing in size in the direction towards the knee. Petiole twice as long as broad, shiny. Abdomen shiny, only at the back on the sides very finely sparsely punctured and pubescent. Sixth tergite above bumpily convex. Epipygidium without any keel, the whole as long· as the distance between the pygostyli. Ovipositor not projecting. · 6· THOMSON, 1875, p. 16: "Mas differt: facie cum orbita, antennarum scapo subtus, coxis anterioribus subtus lunulaque laterali collaris flavo­ citrinis; mesonoto crebrius subrugoso-punctato, antennis subtus et clava ferrugineis." It lives parasitically in the larvae of the saw-flies of the genus Arge. I saw 1 9 reared by A. Saarinen, 1946 from Arge metallica L. in Finnland, Espoo. I have not yet seen another specimen. Species distributed in Europe from Finland to northern Italy (MAsi 1922) and France (BERLAND 194 7), but everywhere very rare. Not yet found in Czechoslovakia.

3. Chalcis F ABRICIUS.

Chalcis FABRICIUS, 1789, etc. Description: Feelers long, the scape reaches high above the anterior ocellus. In 9 the scape is longer, cy-lindric; pedicel and annellus longer, always distinct. Flagellum as a rule moderately thickened towards the end, club short, distinctly of three joints. In 6 scape a little flatly enlarged in the distal half, pedicel shorter than broad, annellus very short, barely distinct, funicle everywhere equally broad or slenderer apically, first segment longest. Last three joints fused into a short club, shorter than the two preceding joints together. Jointing of the feelers high on the frons, above the level of the inferior margin of the eyas. Feeler pits distant from each other, callus interantennalis very distinct. Face below the feeler pits slightly swollen, below the swelling with relatively deep and broad tentorial pits above the narrow-band­ shaped clypeus. Labrum flat, transverse. Right mandible with three, left one with two to three teeth. Cheeks and temples moderately convex. Compound eyes bare. Scrobe deep, forehead at the inner orbita more or less bumpily convex. 32 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hyrnenoptera)

Thorax coarsely punctured, pubescence inconspicuous, the bristles . straight, perpendicularly distant. Posterior margin of the promnotum broadly obtuse-angularly incised. Mesoscutum often with a median de­ pression. Scutellum with two distinct lobes at the back. Propodeum strongly narrowed backwards. Epicnemium at the back not delimited by a keel. Legs long, tarsi slender. Anterior and middle femora cuneiform. Posterior coxae long, slender, posterior femora on the underside with a row of simple dents, the basal one usually the largest in if!, femur on the outside with a fine sculpture. Claws of 6 split, in if! simple. Wings with long ;marginal and postmarginal veins; short stigmal vein cuneiform. Petiole always long, in 6 longer than in if!. The first tergite comprises about half the abdomen, is strongly convex; its posterior margin straight. In 6 last sternite behind incised, in front of the incision concave. In if! hypopygidium distinctly p:rolonged backwards. This genus, like Spilochalcis THOMS., is found in many species in North and South America which are evidently the centre of development of the whole tribus Ohalcidini. In the western part of the Palearctic region only 3 species are known for certain, which live also in Czechoslo­ vakia. They live parasitically on .

Key of the Species.

l. Posterior femur for the major part red or yellowish red, outside in front of the black end as a rule with a small yellowish spot, on _the unders·de with less than eight (very rarely more) dents situated far apart; face without light spots, black, as also the petiole ...... : ...... 2. - posterior femur without red colour, black with yellow or white spots, more than ten dents; as a rule two light spots on the face ...... 3. 2. Scape enlarged in the distal half, flagellum narrowed towards the end, petiole 1 above 2 / 2 to 3 times longer than broad; last sternite at the back broadly shallowly incised, in front of the incision flatly concave ..... l. Ch. slspes (L.) d'. - scape not conspicuously enlarged, flagellum not slenderer apically ; petiole about twice as long as broad, basal dent of the posterior femur the largest; hypopygidium lengthened, covering the ovipositor below ...... 1, Ch. slspes (L.)

I. Chalcis sispes (LINNAEUS). (figs. 3, 31) Sphex sispes LINNAEUS, 1761, etc. The characters of all three species are given sufficiently in the key and are therefore not repeated here. Smicra sispes TASCHENBERG, 1866 is a synonym of the name Oh. my­ rifex SuLZER, 1776, and not of Oh. sispes (L.) as stated erroneously by DALLA. TORRE, 1898. The larvae are entoparasites of the flies of Stratiomyidae. According to GIRAUD (writes RuscHKA 1920) the species Oh. sispes (L.) lives para­ sitically on chamaeleon L. The imagines about around water bodies seeking their host, especially towards evening before sunset. Distributed in the whole of Europe from Sweden and Finland to Tunisia. I checked the following finds: Germany: Jadebusen (Eigen); Mecklenburg (Konow); Fiirstenberg i. M. (Konow); Brandenburg (coil. Rupow). -Cze chos lov akia: Bohemia: Cheb (Gradl); Michle (Nick~rl); Moravia: Prerov (Holik); Adamov (Snofhik); Brno, Jundrov (Hffr); Cejc (Sust, Bechyne); Dol. Vestonice (Hffr); Rakvice (Bechyne); Lednice (Bck); Hodonin (Hffr); Slovakia: Svaty Jur (Trakal). -Roumania: Comana Vlasca (Montandon); Deva (Szepligeti, Csiki); Szovata (Csiki); Borosjepo (Szepligeti). -Hungaria: Aba, Szentivan p. (Csiki); Balf (Kertesz); Budapest (Szilady); Bugac; Dinnyes (Horvath); Dunaors; Farmos (Szi­ lady); Fertc5t6 (Szepl); Fiilopszallas (Bartk6); Dunaharaszti (Bir6); Ka·­ locsa (Thalhammer); Kecel (Erdos); Kecskemet (Bir6); Miske (Erdos); Szeged, Nagyszeks6s (Szab6-Patay); Nezsider; PestszentlOrinc {Ujhelyi); Soltvadkert (Bartk6); Szod (Bir6); Tihany (Sebess); Ujfehert6 (Horvath). -Yugoslavia: Palic; Travnik; Bosna. 2. Chalcis myrifex (SuLZER). (figs. 29, 30) Sphex myrifex SULZER, 1776, etc. According to R USCHKA Giraud gives as host Stratiomys longicornis L. As it lives in the same way as the preceding species it is found in simi~ lar localities. Distributed in Central Europe and the Mediterranean as far as Tuni­ sia. I checked the following finds: Germany: Fiirstenberg i. M. (Konow); Halle (S), Seeben Salz. (Koller). -Czechoslovakia: Bohemia: Cheb (Gradl); St. Boleslav (Holfeld); Celakovice (Kavan); Moravia: Cejc (Hffr, Bechyne); Dol. yestonice (Bechyne); Lednice (Bck); Bzenec (Hf~~); Slo­ vakia: Trencin (Cepelak); Somotor (Hffr). -Roumania:. Aiud; Okorit6 (Szilady); Szamosfalva (Daday). -Hungary: Budapest: Nadorkert (Pavel); Buda; Rakos; Derosma (?); Galgamacsa (Szab6-Patay); Duna­ keszi (Bartk6); Kalocsa (Erdos); P6tharaszt (Sz. Ivany); Satoraljaujhely; Ujfehert6 (Horvath). -Yugoslavia: Split (Csiki). 3. Chalcis biguttata SPINOLA .. ' (fig. 32) Ohalcis biguttata SPINOLA, 1808. It lives also in Stratiomys, but is much rarer than the two preceding species. Distributed from Sweden to North Africa and to Turkestan, 34 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

I saw specimens from the following localities: Italy: Genoa, Stagliene (Fiori). -Germany: Brandenburg (Rudow). -Hungary: Satoral­ jaujhely; Szakmar (Erdos); - Crete: Herakleion (Bir6). - U.S.S.R.: Turkestan (Ochs). Ill. Subfamily Dirhininae. It includes only the tribus Dirhinini. Two striking horns on the forehead, wings with a long marginal vein with a rudimentary stigmal vein, without a postmarginal vein. Thorax flat, propodeum subhorizontal. Posterior tibiae without spurs, prolonged into a point. Petiole distinct, abdomen petiolate. First tergite with longitudinal furrows at the base. The only genus in Europe is

4. Dirhinus DALMAN. Dirhinus DALMAN, 1820, etc.; Eniaca KIRBY, 1882, etc.

Description: Antennae of ~ cuneiform, last segments of the funicle transverse; in 6' longer, only slightly thickened towards the end or filiform, annellus very transverse. First segment of the funicle longer than the pedicel. At the sides of the scrobe the head runs out in a forward direction into striking, triangular horns. Two of their edges form the rims of the concavity, the third runs from the point backwards to the upper end of the compound eye. The deep and narrow concavity between the two horns reaches upwards to the anterior ocellus, downwards to below the level of the compound eyes, high above the clypeus where the antennae are inserted. The interantennal projection is very low, flat, indistinct. Below the insertion of the antennae are large tentorial pits, between them is a bright tubercle, from which the transverse clypeus is separated by a fine furrow. Labrum triangular, moderately concave. Mandible slender, long, straight. Compound eye relatively small. Thorax above flat, coarsely punctured, pubescence very short. Scu­ tellum rounded behind. Horizontal propodeum broad, narrowing poste­ riorly, carinae submediales and sublaterales distinct, costa lateralis behind the areola stigmalis without striking dents. Petiole short, but always very distinct, with four or six dorsal keels. First tergite large, occupying over half of the abdomen, at the base with fine longitudinal furrows. Abdomen of ~ rounded posteriorly, ovipositor scarcely raised. Anterior 4 femora cuneiform, posterior oval, at the base with a small dent, for the rest on the underside only with a simple comb to the end, without large dents. The posterior tibiae run out in a long spine, without spurs. Tarsi very thin. Wings with long marginal vein; at the end with a head-like rudiment of the stigmal vein; postmarginal vein lacking. Eniaca KIRBY, 1883 was a much used synonym; it was established on the basis of sex differences which were mistaken for generic characters. The whole group was well studied by MASI 1947, who gave also a key of all species known to him. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1. 35

Of the six palearctic species three occur in Europe: D. hesperidum (Rossrus) all through southern Europe as far as Slovakia, D. cyprius MASI in Albania (and Cyprus), and D. perotideus MAsr at Rjeka. All specimens I revised belong to the one species D. hesperidum Rossr.

Key to the European Species of Dirhinus (sec. Masi, 1947).

1 1. Capo, di profilo, di aspetto trapezoidale, corto, al piu di lunghezza l volta e / 2 maggiore della larghezza; corni bassi, apice del corno, di profilo, non spostato all'indietro, margine interno del corno poco piu rilevato del margine esterno; capo, visto di sopra, con le guance convergenti; annello della Q quasi quadrato 3. articolo del funicolo in ambo i sessi quadrato o poco piu lungo che largo; scutello con punteggiatura relativamente fitta, talora con un piccolo spazio centrale levigato; grande tergite con 15-20 solchi neP/3 anteriore ...... l. D. hesperidum (Rossr). - capo, di profilo, non trapezoidale ma ovato-triangolare, cioe con la parte al disopra di un piano, che passi per le inserzioni antennali ed il foro occipitale, foggiata quasi a triangolo; capo, di profilo, di larghezza minore del 60% della lunghezza; margine della fossa antennale, osservando il capo dal disopra, piu o meno largamente concavo-arcuato avanti all' ocello anteriore ...... 2. 2. Guance, viste di sopra, non convergenti e non orlate al margine; parti laterali posteriori del capo rigonfie e sporgenti all'indietro; grande tergite con i solchi in numero di 9-10 contando nella parte anteriore, circa 14 nella posteriore; Volosca, Istria, ...... 2. D. parotideus Ms. - guance, viste di sopra, convergenti all'indietro, orlate al margine; grande tergite con 7-8 solchi; Cipro, Albania, ...... 3. D. cyprius Ms.

I. Dirhinus hesperidum (Rossr) (figs. 33-36). Ohalcis hesperidum Rossms, 1790, etc. Description: Black, antennae, anterior 4 legs and posterior tarsi in part red. . In ~ the pedicel of the antennae is twice as long as wide, annellus as long as wide. First segment of the funicle F/2 times as long as it is wide at the end; 2nd segment wider, as wide as it is long; the following segments gradually shorter, the last one twice as wide as it is long; club pointed, as long as the two preceding segments together. Antennae of d' longer, only scarcely perceptibly thickened towards the end, pedicel Il/2 times as long as it is wide, annellus very small about 4 times shorter than wide, 1st segment of the funicle 21/2 times as long as it is wide, the 7th slightly transverse, club slightly longer than the two preceding joints together. Head in profile P/2 times as high as it is long, anterior edge of the horns above very moderately bent away from the level of the face. In a top view the hicision between the horns is as deep as the length of the eye, interior edges of the horns moderately divergent, bent at the end, exterior edge, running to the eye, close behind the point of the horn distinctly incised. Temples almost straightly converging posteriorly. Both mandibles three-teethed, middle tooth the longest. Thorax coarsely closely punctured, only the scutellum in the middle with a small smooth area. Petiole shorter than long, above with four distinct keels. First tergite in the basal third with 12_;..15 longitudinal furrows. 3 6 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Ohalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Size of 6: 3.5-4 mm., of~ 4-4.5 mm. Its biology is unknown. In analogy with the related species and from what is known about its occurrence we may infer that it is presumably parasitical on Diptera. I revised the following finds: France: Le LavandJu, Var 1930, 2 ~~ (Exp. Obenberger). -Czechoslovakia: Slovakia: Kovacov, 15. VII. 47,466, ll W (Hffr); Kamendin, 17. VIII. 48,466, 1 ~ (Bck); Nitra-Zobor 22. VI. 48, 1 ~ (Bck); Plesivec, 22. VII. 48, 1 ~ (Snoflak); Turna n. Bodv ., 12. VIII. 48, 5 66 (Bck); Kral. Chlumec, 6. VIII. 36, I ~ (Hffr). - Hungary: Orszentmikl6s, 1 ~; Szentendre, 7. VII. 86, 1 6 (Bir6). - Yu­ ,goslavia: Cirkvenica, VI. 1908, 3 ~~ (Szilady). - !stria: Triest, 1 ~ (Graeffe); Volosca, VIII. 1901, I 6 (Graeffe); and 3 cM, 2 ~~sine loc.

2. Dirhinus parotideus MAst.

Dirhinus parotideus MASI, 1942, 1947. This species is unknown to me. Only type locality, Volosca, !stria, 16.

3. Dyrhinus cyprius MASI.

Dirhinus cyprius MASI, 1939, 1942, 1943, 1947. This species is unknown to me. Described from Cyprus (2 66), known also from Albania (2 66).

Ill. Subfamily Haltichellinae Posterior tibia with two spurs, at the end evenly truncated, or running out below in a minute spine. Posterior femur with at the most three dents, along these a comb with minute denticulations alternating with short hairs. I. tribus Haltichellini Wings always with the marginal vein directly at the margin, post, marginal vein more or less developed. All dents of the posterior femur when developed projecting outside the tibia when it is bent back. Scutel, lum never only simply rounded posteriorly. No sparse punctuation on the thorax. The following genera occur in Europe: Belaspidia Ms., N eochalcis KBY., Ohirocera LATR., Neophasganophora Ms., Haltichella SPIN., Antro­ cephalus KBY., Euchalcis DuF. and Hockeria WLK. The last four genera form a more natural unit, with the antennae inserted directly at the clypeus, with raised callus interantennalis, and with characteristic sex dimorphism. N eophasganophora Ms. and Ohirocera LATR. stand on the whole isolated. The insertion of the antennae higher on the forehead, not directly at the clypeus connects them with the group Belaspidia Ms. - Neochalcis KBY. characterised by a very small sex dimorphism in the antennae. Ohirocera LATR. is the only genus in which 6 has comb-shaped antennae, but it shows a considerable affinity with the genera Neochalci8 Acta Ent.omologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. I. 37.

KBY and Belaspidia Ms. For a more accurate determination of the affinity and for understanding the phylogenetic relations it would be necessary to know all the genera of the whole world.

5. Be/aspidia MASI. Belaspidia MASI, 1916, l927b; ERDOS, 1946. Description: Antennae in both sexes very short, shorter than the transversal diameter of the head, of 1l joints. Pedicel nearly as long as· the first joint of the funicle, annellus short, in 6' more transverse and the funicle thicker. The short scape does not reach the ocellus; insertion only at the level of the lower margins of the eyes. Scrobe very shallow, com­ pound eyes relatively small, strongly prominent, bare. Face at the lower margin of the eyes with a distinct depression. Below the insertion of the feelers both tentorial pits are very distinct and relatively deep. Clypeus transverse; labrum flatly concave, right mandible with 3; left with 2 teeth. Cheeks without indication of the frontogenal suture, but in its place is found the limit between the finer sculpture of the face and the coarser genal sculpture. Head in frorl't view triangular, vertex broad. Thorax strongly vaulted, closely punctured. Scutellum with an odd, narrow dent, sometimes at the end slightly incised (fused from originally two dents), formed by the lower marginal ridge and not as in the other gene­ ra by the upper one. Propodeum without characteristic dents at the sides. Epicnemium reaching to the middle coxae. Abdomen closely punctured, mat, in Sj? oval with shortly extended epipygidium and ovipositor. Posterior femur very enlarged, below in the middle with a broad dent, in the distal third with a second, broadly rounded one (similarly as in the genus Neochalcis KBY:) Tarsi strikingly slender. Wings without oharacteristic spots, postmarginal vein long, also stigmal vein relatively long, running from the margin in an acute angle, with a .beak-like indi-. cation of the anterior radial branch. The genus Belaspidia Ms. was established in 1916 with one species, which its author L. MASI called B. obscura, Ii. sp. Since that time ·no ·other specimen has been known in literature under this name except typical Si? from the island of Giglio (in the Tuscan Islands between Corsica and Italy, SE of the island of Elba). The same author described as a second species after 1 6' Belaspidia nigra n. sp., 1927 from Belgium. 1 have tried to give the separating characters (after MAsr's description) in the' following key: · · l (2) Head in front view slightly narrower, antennae inserted below the. level of the interior margins of the eyes; antennae slenderer, longer, annelh:is as long as broad; pronotum 3 times as wide as long; wings with a yellowish spot · at the marginal vein, stigmal vein shorter than half the marginal vein which ~s about half as long as the postmarginal one; tarsi, ends of the tibi(te an(! knees reddish ...... B. obscura MASI,. 1916 ~ ....•, 2 (1) Head in front view slightly broader, antennae inserted at t.he level· ofth(:} lower margins of the eyes; antennae thicker, shorter, annellus about op.e third shorter than wide; pronotum more transverse, wings not yellowish 2 smoky, stigmal vein as long as / 3 of the marginal vein; legs entirely black ... . . , .... , ...... , ...... B. njgra J\IIAsi, 1927 fc{),; 38 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Ohalcididae (Hymenoptera)

I sent Masi a pair of specimens under the name of B. nigra Ms., and he confirmed in a letter to me the correctness of this determination. For a long time I considered B. obscura Ms. and B. nigra Ms. different species, of which the former remained unknown to me. But it was su­ spicious that in the large material containing more than 220 specimens of both sexes from Central and Southern Europe, it was not possible to distinguish the two species. Therefore I revised all characteristics listed by MASI, and found that we have here most probably one and the same species which according to priority has to be called Belaspidia obscura MASI, 1916, and which is rather variable especially in size and in all features listed by MASI as separating criteria. The characters of the anten­ nae and head are sex differences; the length of the marginal vein is vari­ able; southern specimens show lighter legs and smoky wings, wherea13 the central European specimens (of a more severe climate; as may be seen in many species) have as a rule a darker colouring and hyaline wings. I. Belaspidia obscura MAsi (figs. 42-46). Belaspidia obscura MA.sr, 1916; Belaspidia nigra MASI, 1927.

Description:~: 1,9-4,6 mm. (!). Entirely black; or tarsi, tibiae and whole underside of the abdomen more or less brown to reddish brown; in one specimen from Hungary the whole of the legs, the posterior femora included, reddish brown (ex. maturum!). Wings hyaline or in the middle slightly yellowish smoky, veins reddish brown to blackish brown. Antennae short, slender, funicle filiform or very slightly thickened towards the end. Scape not reaching by far the ocellus, pedicel P/2 to twice as long as wide; annellus P/4 to P/2 times as wide as long, 1st joint of the funicle about P/4 as long as wide; the last segment as long as wide or slightly transverse, club a little shorter than the two preceding segments together. Antennae inserted close below the level of the lower margins of the eyes, scrobe flat, finely transversally shagreened. The fine granula­ tion of the lower part of the face almost indistinct on the cheeks, which thus are more shining. Labrum mat, finely granulated, right mandible with 3, left with 2 teeth. Cheeks longer than the scape, frontogenal suture indistinct. Compound eye bare, strongly prominent, roundedly oval. Thorax strongly convex, gibbous, closely punctured, the interspaces between the punctures closely reticulate, mat or slightly shining. Prono­ tum strongly transverse. Scutellum shorter than wide, at the back with a blunt, odd dent (fused from two - see fig. 43), formed by the lower ridge of the margin of the scutellum. Propodeum coarsely carinate, areola stigmalis opening outwards, costa lateralis forming behind it an obtuse tubercle. Epicnemium reaching to the middle coxae, anteriorly with a median keel inserted between the anterior coxae and ending in the middle of the epicnemium spiniformly. Posterior coxae thick, a little longer than wide. Posterior femur strongly flatly broadened, with a broad dent behind the anterior third, course of the comb from here to the end Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. I. 39 more strongly convex in the distal third. On the comb 34-40 small dents. Posterior tibia with exterior spur 3 times as short as the inner one. Wings with marginal vein of considerably variable length, as long or up to twice as long as the stigmal vein, which is relatively long, distant under an angle of only about 30°, and sending out a lengthy beak-like rudiment obliquely to the anterior margin. Postmarginal vein Il/ 2 to twice as long as the marginal vein. Abdomen closely finely punctured. First tergite short, shorter than the two following ones together, posterior margin straight. Basal part of the epipygidium (9th abdom. segm., = 7th tergite) strongly convex, distinctly set off against the distal part compressed from the sides whose median keel is as long as the distance of the pygostyles from each other. First four sternites (together) considerably shorter than the 5th sternite in the middle part, where it is deeply incised. Petiole from below 3 times as wide as long. (J: 1.8-3.4 mm. Antennae slightly thicker, annellus nearly twice as broad as long. Last joints of the funicle generally slightly transverse, club slightly obliquely truncated (as in Neochalcis KBY.). Posterior femur slimmer, abdomen oval, shorter than the thorax. According to our present knowledge it lives parasitically on the butterfly Apterona crenulella f. helix SuL., from which the type B. nigra Ms. was reared; and also specimens in Bohemia, !stria and Greece. Occurs in Central and Southern Europe. Listed in the literature up till now only from Belgium (B. nigra, MASI 1927b), island of Giglio (B. obscura, MAsi, 1916) and Hungary (B. nigra Ms., ERDos 1946). I saw specimens from the following localities: France: Agay, Var (Obenber­ ger);- Austria: Wimpassing, Leitha-Geb. (Ruschka); Tlirkenschanze, A. inf. (Handlirsch); Eichkogel, A. inf. (Ruschka); Piesting (Tschek):­ Czechoslovakia: Bohemia: Hazmburk (Bck); Praha-environment, ex Apterona crenulella, 1 ~ (Nickerl); Praha, Podhof (Hffr); Moravia: Mo­ helno (Gregor, Snoflak, Obrtel); Brno (Snof, Hffr); Uhercice (Hffr); Pouzdfany (Hffr); Dol. Vestonice (Hffr); Turold; Klausen (Hffr); Hlo­ hovec (Bck); Bofetice (Hffr); Ko~yli (Sust, Gregor, Hffr, Snof, Kocou­ rek); Brumovice (Sust); Cejc (Sust, Hffr); Mutenice (Hffr); Bzenec (Hffr); Slovakia: Nitra (Bck, Hffr); Sturovo with environment (Sust, Hffr, Bck); Kamendin (Hffr, Bck); Somotor (Bck). - U.S.S.R.: Sarepta. - Rou­ mania: Gyulafehervar, Transs. (Thalhammer); Nagyenyed (Bir6). - Hungary: Budapest with environm~nt (Bir6, Szepligeti); Buj (Horvath); Csaszartoltes, Csala p. (Erdos); Orszentmikl6s (Saj6); Pr6nayfalva (Erdos); Sarszentmihaiy (Horvath); Szigetszentmikl6s (Bir6, Vag6); Szod (Bir6); Vac (Bir6). - Yugoslavia: Subotica (Taubert); Pirot, Serb. (Horvath); Lacroma, Dalm. (Zerny). -!stria: Triest, 1 ~' ,ex Psyche helix Sui.". -Greece: Athen, Akropolis, ex A. crenulella. 40 The First Re-vision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

6. Neochalcis KIRBY. Euchalcis DuFoUR, 1861 (ex p.),HalticellaSAUNDERS, 1873, Euchalcis LICHTENSTEIN, 1874, 1879, Halticella ANRE, 1881 (ex p.),. Neochalcis KIRBY, 1883, Neochalcis DALLA ToRRE, 1898, Euchalcis KIEFFER, 1899 (ex p.; nee 1904), Orthochalcis KIEFFER, 1904, Orthochalcis SOHMIEDEKNEOH, 1910, Orthochalcis MASI, 1916, 1943,. OrthochalcisERDos, 1946. Description: Short antennae, little different for the two sexes~ of 11 segments: the species N. hockerioides, n. sp. forms an exception. Scape short, not thickened, not reaching the ocellus. Annellus in both sexes shorter than the pedicel, relatively long, at most (in c:n twice as broad as long. Funicle not thickened even in 6', last joints slightly trans­ verse. Club, of originally three joints, compact, sutures little distinct. Antennae inserted at a small distance above the clypeus, which has the shape of a transverse, arched band. Labrum with median keel indicated,. at the sides of the latter moderately concave. Right mandible with 3, left with 2 teeth. Cheeks short, compound eyes large. No praeorbital keel. Scrobe very shallow. Vertex considerably wide in an anteroposterior direction. Head and thorax closely punctured, pubescence inconspicuous. Scu­ tellum with two dents at the end. Posterior femur closely punctured, with a big, broad dent in the middle of the lower margin; behind it a second dent is indicated by the convex course· of the comb. Wings with distinctly developed postmarginal vein, usually brown smoky. Abdomen of Si2 lengthy conical, closely punctured in both sexes, but especially in 6' . Coarse pilifere punctures very shallow, restricted to the sides and posteriorhalf of the abdomen. Pubescence inconspicuous. The species stand morphologically very close to each other, only N. hockerioides, n. sp., is somewhat divergent. The genus Neochalcis was described by KIRBY 1882 for the species Halticella osmicida SAUNDERS 1873, which KIRBY designated as the type of the genus. AB the species of SAUNDERS was considered by some authors to be conspec:lfic with the species Etwhalcis vetusta DuFOUR, we find also this species listed in the literature under the same generic name, but no other species. In studying the family I found that the species N. osmiGida (SAUND) is represented also in Czechoslovakia; Dr. Ho£fer had it in his collection as N. vetusta (DuF.), quite correctly besides another species of ours called Orthochalcis fertoni (KIEFF.). A closer examination showed, however, that these species are really congeneric. In 1943 MASI determined the close affinity of other species, but as he, too, did not know the species osmicida (SAUND.) he used the generic name OrthochalGis KIEFF. He included in this genus the species fertoni KIEFFER, 1899 (generotype of Orthochalcis!), hippotoides MASI, 1916, barbara BENOIST, 1922 and miegi DUFOUR, 1861. When I revised these opinions I found in CEBALos' paper of 1941 a good figuring of Euchalcis miegi DuF. which caused me to suspect that this species is not congeneric with the others. Therefore I asked MM. L. BERLAND and J. R. STEFFAN from the Museum d'Histoire naturelle in Paris to re-examine the types in order to determine whether CEBALOS' figuring was correct or whether E. miegi DuF. belonged to the genus Orthochalcis KIEFF., as stated by MAsi 1943. M. STEFFANwas so kind as to carry out the comparison for me and fully confirmed the correctness Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 41 of all my opinions; not only does the species miegi DuF. belong to the genus Euchalcis DuF. and not to the other Orthochalcis KIEFF., but Ortho­ chalcis KIEFF. and Neochalcis KBY. are synonyms, and Euchalcis barbara BEN. belongs to the genus Neochalcis KBY. The correctness of these conclusions was confirmed again when I myself was later able to revise them directly in material of the species Euchalcis miegi DuF. To the genus Neochalcis KBY. belong according to our knowledge the species H alticella osmicida (SAUND. ), Orthochalcis fertoni KIEFER ( = Euchal­ cis barbara BEN.), Orthochalcis hippotoides MASI, and the new species Neochalcis hockerioides, n. sp. Perhaps also the dubious species Euchalcis vetusta DuF. can be placed here; but it may perhaps belong to the genus Antrocephalus KBY. or Hockeria WLK. Orthochalcis mengenillarum SIL­ VESTRI, 1943 from Italy seems rather to be a Hockeria WLK., Euchalcis haematomera DuFOUR, 1861 remains doubtful. The statement "Abdomine ... nitido, impunctato" cannot refer to Neochalcis. KBY. The ensiform termination of the abdomen of this species is interesting and unique; it is visible in Mmm's figuring in the DUFOUR's paper. ·

Key of the species:

1. ~: abdomen conically prolonged, ·pointed shortly projecting ovipositor distinct ...... 2. C)': abdomen rounded posteriorly ...... , ..... 6; 2. Antennae relatively long, slender, pedicel and first joint of the funicle about 3 times as long as wide, also annellus longer 'than wide; thorax above red. eyes· thinly pubescent ...... ·. . . . 4. N. hockerioldes n. sp.; ~. - antennae much shorter, pedicel always shorter than the double width; eyes bare ...... 3.

3. Abdomen red with black end ...... o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4. - abdomen entirely black ...... ·...... , ...... 5 . . 4. Tergites 1-4 and posterior femora red coloured; other parts black; head only as wide as the thorax; size 8-10 mm.; parasite on the bee Osmia tridentata

DuF. & PERR...... o •••••••••••••••••••••• l. N. osmlcida (SAUNA.), ~· tergites 1-4 and tegulae red, the rest entirely black, also the legs; doubtful species described 1861 from Madrid, since then unknown ...... N. vetusta (DuF.);.~ .. . 5. Entirely black, posterior femora red; 6-7 mm.; up till now only from the island of Giglio ...... 3. N. hippotoides (Ms.), ~· head distinctly broader than thorax, legs entirely black, thorax either entirely black (f. typica) or scutellum more or less red (ab. scutellata m.), or thorax above entirely red except for black spots in front on the mesoscutum (ab. barbara ·

BEN.); 3.5-7.5 mm...... o 2. N. fertoni (KIEFF.), ~ 6. Eyes distinctly pubescent; head as broad as the thorax; areolae of the propodeum very distinctly delimited; posterior femora and coxae red; 4.8 mm...... • ...... 4. N. hockerloides n .. sp., C)'. eyes bare; posterior coxae black, head often broader than thorax ...... 7. 7. Posterior femora red, only at the base sometimes blackish, 4.5-5.5 mm......

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 •• o...... 3. N. hippotoides (Ms.), a. legs entirely black .... 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 8. 8. Thorax partly red, 4-5 mm...... 10.

- thorax black ...... 0 •••••••••••••••••••••• 0 • • 9. 9. Size 6.5-8 mm ...... l. N. osmlcida (SAUND.), C)'. - size 4-5.m¥1...... 2. N.fertonif. typ., C)'. 10. Only scutellum red ...... • ...... 2. N. fertonl ab. scutell.ata, C)'. in addition .to the scutellum also the pronotum, part of the mesoscutum and pleurae red ...... 2. N. fertonl ab. barbd,ra C)'. 42 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

I. Neochalcis osmicida (S.AUNDERS) (figs. 8-10, 47-52). Halticella osmicida SAUNDERS 1873; N eochalcis osmicida KIRBY, 1882, etc.

Description:~: 8-10 mm. Black; the posterior femur and the abdomen are red except for the end beginning apically with part of the 4th tergite. Tarsi brown to black. Wings entirely smoky brown, veins dark brown. Antennae short, flagellum shorter than the maximum diameter of the head, twice as long as the scape (without radicula). Funicle very slightly thickened towards the end, pedicel and annellus narrower. Pedicel

'as long as broad, annellus shorter, width P/2 times the length; lst joint of the funicle length 11/2 times the width, the following joints gradually 1 shorter, 5th joint of the funicle as broad as long, 7th joint / 4 broader than long. Club a little shorter than the two preceding joints together. Antenna! pits separated from each other by a perpendicular double ridge, scarcely more distant from each other than from the clypeus. Distance from the eyes much greater. Scrobe undeep. Between the insertion of the antennae and the clypeus are small and shallow tentorial pits. Clypeus in the shape of a transversally arched band, smooth, with a distinct callus continuing laterally in the mandibular condylus. Inwards from this callus the clypeus has usually six minute punctures arranged in two rows. Labrum transversally oval, with flat median keel, at its sides slightly concave. Right mandible with 3, left with 2 teeth. Fronto­ genal carina indicated only below where at the base of the mandible it enlarges into a smooth, shiny, triangular space. Cheeks scarcely longer than half the maximum diameter of the eye; compound eyes prominent. Head as broad as the thorax (tegulae included). Thorax very closely punctured, the narrow interspaces between the punctures on the mesoscutum and scutellum smooth. Pronotum broadly cut out posteriorly, collar separated by a keel only on the sides. Scutellum as long as broad, strongly convex. The ridge-like margin forms posteriorly two approached, relatively small, lobate dents. Keels of the propodeum very coarse, areola media oval, deep anteriorly; carinae submediae connected by a strong keel with the carinae sublaterales, which in their turn are connected by a strong keel with the costa lateralis, thus delimi­ ting the large areola stigmalis opening outwards. Costa lateralis behind the stigma high, forming a slight callus. Posterior femur finely, closely punctured; pubescens fine, close. Length to width as 7 : 4, at the underside closely in front of the middle with a large, rectangular dent, in the last third with a broad rounded lobe. Comb with 45 small denticulations. 1 Wings with marginal vein about 4 / 2 times shorter than the submar­ ginal one. Postmarginal vein as long as the marginal one; cuneiform stigmal vein 3 times shorter. Abdomen a little longer than head and thorax together, conical. Tergites above finely and rather closely punctured, base of the first with punctures about double as fine and close as the rest; base of the following ones smooth. First tergite as long as the three following ones Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl, l. 43 together, 2nd tergite at least 5 times as broad as long. Median keel of the epipygidium longer than twice the distance between the pygostyles. ()': 6.5-8 mm., entirely black. Scape of the antennae slightly broader, annellus shorter, width twice the length, club below slightly obliquely truncated. Abdomen oval, of same length as the thorax, matter, a little more closely punctured than in Sj:. Parasite in the cells of the bee Osmia tridentata DuF. & PERR., in briar and bramble twigs. Very rare. Described in 1873 from Greece (Epirus), then listed from Southern France (1874-81, LICHTENSTEIN, ANDRE). Distribution: From Tunisia through Southern Europe to the north to Czechoslovakia. Revised finds: Tunisia: Tunis (Schmiedeknecht), l ()'. - Italy 0): "Muggio, auf Forulago, 9. VII." 0, badly readable), 1 5j: (c. Graeffe). -Switzerland: Wallis, Sierre, l 5j: (Schmiedeknecht). - Czechoslovakia: Moravia: Cejc, 7. VII. 41, l 5j: (~noflak); Slovakia: ~tlirovo, 12. VII. 47, l 5j: (Balthasar); KeveZd, 28. VI. 48, l 6' (Bck). - Greece: Tinos, 1868, 1 5j: (Erber).

2. Neochalcis fertoni (KIEFFER) (figs. 53, 54).

Euchalcis fertoni KIEFFER, 1899; Orthochalcis fertoni KIEFFER 1904; Euchalcis barbara BENOIST, 1922; Orthochalcis barbara MAsi, 1943. Description: Sj:: 3.5-7.5 mm. (Central European specimens smaller than Mediterranean ones.) Entirely black, only the tegulae brown - f. typ. - or scutellum red -ab. scutellata m. - or almost the whole thorax dorsally red, often with a small black spot anteriorly on the mesoscutum - ab. barbara BEN. (Similar variability as in 6'6' Euchalcis miegi DuF.) The aberrations are ·only individual deviations without taxonomic importance; designations for practical reasons. - The clouding of the wings is more intensive at the marginal vein and towards the end of the postmarginal vein so that in most cases two· darker spots stand out distinctly. Antennae towards the end more distinctly thickened than in N. osmicida (SAUND.), slimmer. Pedicel almost twice as long as wide, an­ nellus slightly longer than wide; first joint of the funicle 12/3 as long as wide; the following joints progressively shorter and moderately broader, 1 6th joint of the fun. almost as long as wide, 7th / 4 wider than long. Club short, P/2 as long as the preceding joint. Compound eyes shortly oval, more rounded, broader and more prominent than in N. osmicida (SAUND. ). Head distinctly broader than the thorax. Interspaces between the close punctures of the thorax slightly sha­ greened. Scutellum moderately convex, dents\broader, shorter, farther a part than in N. osmicida (SAUND.) Keels of the propodeum relatively not high, costa indicating a double dent behind the spiracular opening. Posterior femur slightly slimmer than in the preceding species, shape 1 of the dents the same. Stigmal vein 2 / 2 times shorter than the marginal vein. 44 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Abdomen distinctly longer by epipygidium and ovipositor than head and thorax together; closely but often shallowly dotted. First tergite of about equal length as the two following ones in a normal position; 2nd tergite at most 4 times as wide as long. Epipygidium with median keel 3 times as long as the distance between the pygostyles. ({: 4-5 mm. Variability of the colouring as in~; wings only very slightly smoky.

Pedicel as long as broad; annellus P/2 times as wide as long; 1st joint of the funicle P/2 as long as wide; funicle cylindrical; 7th joint 1 2 / 4 shorter than wide, club about 1 and / 3 of the preceding joint, ventrally obliquely truncated. Punctuation of the thorax more close. Abdomen as long as the thorax, oval. Ferton reared a typical CS' (f. typ.) from a bramble twig inhabited by the wasp Leptochilus gallicus SAuss. on Corsica. BENOIST obtained typical material of E. barbara BEN. from dry stalks of the umbelli£era Thapsia garganica, where the bee Anthidium lituratum PANZ., near Casablanca, had its nests. Further details about its life are not known. This species is very variable in coloration (analogy to Euchalci8 miegi DuF. ). KIEFFER's description fits very well black()'()'; thus I consider KIEFFER's species conspecific with that of BENOIST. Apart from the di££eri:mces in colouring no morphological differences can be found, al­ though such differences exist in all other species even when they are very closely related. MAsi designates the dark specimens as "Orthochalcis bar­ bara BEN. var.". The dark specimens come from the northern part of the area of distribution of the species, whereas in the Mediterranean region and in North Africa red-coloured specimens predominate. Distribution: from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia through Southern Europe to Czechoslovakia. I revised the following finds: forma typica (6 ()'()', 12 ~~):Italy: Liguria, Varazze, V. 21, 1 ~ (Invrea). - Istria: 1 ~· (Grae££e). -Hungary: Budapest, Sashegy, 27. V. 18, l CS' (Bir6); Fel­ debro, 12. VII. 38, 1 ~ (Erdos); Szigetszentmikl6s, 13. IX. 1910, 1 ()', 30. VI. 1895, 1 ~ (Bir6). - Czechoslovakia: Bohemia: Msene-lazne,. 5. IX. 43, 1 ~ (Hffr); Klecany 5. VI. 1911, 1 CS' (Sust); Praha, Podhor, 7. VII. 44, 1 ~ (Hffr); Moravia: Cejc, VI. 40, 1 ~'VIII. 40, 1 CS' (Hffr); Bzenec, 11. VII. 40, 1 ~ (Snofhik); Mor. Pisek, 20. VII. 40, 1 ~ (Snof); Slovakia: Nitra, Zobor, 22. VI. 48, 2 ~~ (Bck); Kovacov, 8. VII. 4 7, 1 ()', 17. VII. 48,. 1 ~ (Hffr); Somotor, VII. 36, 1 ~ (Hffr). -Ab. scutellata: (4 ~~): Italy: Dint. di Genova, VI. 1918, 1 ~ (Invrea). - Istria: Triest, VI. I~ (also posterior part of mesoscutum red), (c. Graeffe).- Hungary: Budapest, I2. VII. 1903, I ~ (Bartk6). - Cz.echoslovakia: Sturovo, VII. 47, 1 ~· (Balthasar). - Ab. barbara (Ben.), 3 ~~: Tunisia: 1 ~ (Magretti). - Algiers: Hammam bou Hadjar, Oran, l ~ (Schmiedeknecht).- France~ H. A., Serres, VI, on Umbelliferae, l ~ (Lombard). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl, l. 45

3. Neochalcis hippotoides (MAsi). (figs. 37, 38) Orthochalcis hippotoides MASI, 1916.

Description:~: 6-7 mm. Black; the posterior femora and the anterior and middle tarsi are red. Posterior tarsi and ends of the posterior tibiae brown. \Vings smoky brown. Antennae short, towards the end moderately thickened. Pedicel 1 1 dorsally / 4 longer than wide. Annellus / 3 wider than long. First joint 1 of the funicle / 3 longer than wide; the following joints very moderately thicker and shorter, the 4th as long as wide, 5th-7th joints moderately transverse. Club only slightly shorter than the two preceding joints toget.her. Compound eyes bare. Pubescence of the forehead yellowish. Median keel of the clypeus distinct. Frontogenal suture indicated by an elongated triangular, unpunctured space. Punctuation of the thorax very close, interspaces between the punc­ tures on the scapula very finely transversally striolated. Dents of the scutellum distinctly broader than the space between them. On the pro­ podeum the carinae submediae, sublaterales and the transversal secon­ dary keel connecting them are very distinct. Posterior femora twice as long as wide. Abdomen very closely and finely punctured. Only a very narrow strip at the end of the first tergites without punctuation. (f: 4.5-5.5 mm. Posterior femur blackened at the base, for the rest red as in ~· Anterior and middle tarsi dark red. Antennae only slightly shorter than in ~· Pedicel dorsally as long as wide; 3rd joint of the funicle as long as wide. Biology of the species not known. It was described from the island of Giglio in the Tuscan Archipelago. From this locality I saw l ~from the same bag as the typical material (VII. 1901, G. DoRIA). I determined also l d' from Spain, Andalusia, Granada, l.-'-7. VI. 1925, Zerny 1gt.

4. Neochalcis hockerioides n. sp. (figs. 39, 40, 41, 143, 144) Description:~: 6 mm. Black; the pronotum, mesonotum with the scutellum, tegulae, an­ terior part of the mesopleurae, and the legs with the coxae included are red coloured; abdomen ventrally reddish brown, Also the head is reddish in the region of the mouth. Wings slightly smoky brown, with two darker spots. Antennae unusually slender for a member of the genus N eochalcis 'KBY. By their structure and by other features this species greatly ap­ proaches the genus Hockeria WLK The slim scape reaches to the middle ocellus. Pedicel 3 times shorter than the scape,, 3 times longer than its ,maximum width. Annellus P/2 times as long as Wide, 1st joint of the 1 funicle 2 / 2 times as long as wide, the following joints just as wide, but progressively shorter, 6th joint of the funicleY/3 times as long as wide. 4 6 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Behind the 6th joint of the funicle both antennae are broken of£ in the typical ~- Insertion of the antennae near the clypeus, callus interanten­ nalis semicircularly raised, narrow. Frontogenal suture weak, but distinct. Labrum deepened, median keel distinctly indicated. Right mandible with 3 teeth. Compound eyes shortly but distinctly ciliated. Lateral ocellus a little more distant from the compound eye than its diameter. Thorax closely punctured, interspaces on the mesopraescutum and scutellum smooth, corresponding in size to half the diameter of the indi­ vidual pits. Interspaces between the pits on the pronotum transversally shagreened. Scutellum with the dents included as long as broad, dents as long as the width of the interspaces between them. Propodeum as in &',but the bottom of the fields less shiny. Legs of the structure usual in the genus, but the posterior femur is 1 exceptionally slim, 2 / 2 times as long as wide. Proximal dent relatively slightly projecting. The whole comb with 30 dentations; the second rounded dent with 21 dentations. Nervature of the wings typical for Neochalcis KBY. Postmarginal vein as long as the marginal vein. Abdomen relatively short, without ovipositor as long as the thorax. First tergites in the anterior part not punctured, in the posterior half closely and distinctly, but rather shallowly punctured. Epipygidium at the pygostyles as broad as the length of the median keel. &': 4.8 mm. Black; pronotum, mesonotum with scutellum, and tegulae, posterior coxae, posterior femora, to a small extent the knees, and the tarsi of all legs red. Wings smoky brown as in the other species. In the typical &' both antennae are broken o££ behind the pedicellus. Pedicel dorsally as long as wide. Head as wide as the thorax (tegulae included). Compound eyes with distinct, close, white pubescence; pubes­ 1 cence on the eye / 3 shorter than the brown hairs on the vertex of the head. Compound eye in front view as broad as half the front dorsally. Callus interantennalis twice narrower than the width of the antenna! pits. Median keel of the clypeus in the basal part indistinct, clypeus here shiny. Frontogenal suture indicated by a fine furrow; the triangular shiny indication lacking. Narrow interareas between the close punctures of the thorax smooth. Scutellum without dents as broad as long; dents as broad as the space between them. Areas of the propodeum very distinctly and regularly delimited (fig. 41). 1 Posterior femora relatively slimmer than in the other species, 2 / 4 1 times as long as wide. Femur only 2 / 2 times as wide as the maximum width of the posterior tibia. Angular dent behind the middle, the further . course of the comb indicates another dent. Abdomen relatively shinier than in the other species, punctuation just as close, but shallower, a narrow unpunctured strip at the end of the first tergite. Biology not known. Typical ~' holotype, from Greece, Attica (Kruper 1gt.); typical &', allotype, labelled ,Bozen, S. Tiro}". Areal distribution probably the whole of Southern Europe. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 47

The taxonomic placementofthis species causes no small difficulties, especially when the genus is taken as a systematic monophyletic unit. 6 fits well into the genus Neochalcis KBY,. though even here the femora are unusually narrow, and the frontogenal suture is distinctly developed. But the following features make .~ fall outside the affinity of the other species of the genus: the insertion of the antennae, the structure of the antennae themselves, the pubescence of the compound eyes (in 6 still more striking), and the shape and punctuation of the abdomen. The remai­ ning structure of the body is however the same as in the other species of this genus. According to the key this species can be determined as a Hoc­ keria WLK., therefore I placed N. hockerioides, n. sp., also in the key of the species of this genus. The discovery of this species makes it also rather difficult to give a pertinent generic analysis; I believe however that further research will confirm the correctness of the placement unless it should prove necessary to establish a separate genus for N. hockerioides, n. sp.

7. Chirocera LATREILLE.

Chirocera LATREILLE, 1825; Hippota WALKER, 1871, etc.

Description: Striking sex dimorphism. In ~ the antennae are simple, the funicle filiform, moderately thickened towards the end, an­ nellus transverse, only slightly shorter than the pedicel, which is as wide. In CS the antennae are comb-like, with seven branches and swollen club. Annellus very short, indistinct. Antennae in both sexes inserted rather high above the clypeus. Forehead at the orbitae moderately boss­ like convex. Scutellum slightly two-lobed, propodeum at the sides without dents. Posterior femora with two broad dents (as in Neochalcis KBY. and Belaspidia Ms.). Wings with long postmarginal vein and short stig­ mal vein, which is distant from the margin under an angle exceeding 45°. According to GAHAN and FAGAN 1923 there is no reason why the name Ohirocera LATREILLE, 1825 should be pre-occupied and thus the later name of Hippota WALKER, 1871, profusely used up till now, has to be regarded as its synonym. This genus is monotypic and stands isolated in the system by its striking sex differences; in the remaining features it approaches however closely to the genera Neochalcis KBY. and Belaspidia Ms. The single species is:

I. Chirocera pectinicornis LATREILLE (figs. 55-58). Chalcis pectinicornis LATREILLE, 1809, etc. Description:~: 5-7 mm. Black; the posterior legs except the tarsi red. Wings slightly brown, a little more smoky at the marginal vein. Antennae relatively short; the scape does not reach the ocellus, pedicel as long as wide; annellus broader by one half than long. First joint of the funicle twice as long as wide, the fol1owing progressively shorter and moderately thicker, 7th joint square, club as long as the 48 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) two preceding joints together. Insertion o£ the antennae high above the clypeus, forehead on the sides boss·like convex, also the £ace above the mouth; at the lower margin o£ the eyes a slight depression. Tentorial pits small, but distinct; clypeus in the shape o£ transverse band, with several punctures. Labrum transversally oval, £1at. Right mandible with 3 teeth, left one with 2 teeth. Cheeks with a coarse, irregularly digitali­ £orm sculpture, without frontogenal suture or keel, as long as the ma­ ximum diameter o£ the eyes, which are relatively small, little prominent, bare. Ocelli minute, the l8teral ones as far from the eve as from the median ocellus. • Thorax normally arched, closely punctu.:red, but relatively shiny. Scutellum strongly arched, posteriorly with two slight lobes, seen from above as if truncated. Metanotum laterally broadly canaliculate. Propo­ deum almost straightly narrowed to the petiole. Areola medialis distinct, short. Carinae sublaterales posteriorly strongly approached, the pube­ scent part behind them vertical. Posterior femora ventrallym the middle with a broad, obtuse-angular dent, in the posterior third with another, broadly rounded dent. Stigmal vein twice shorter than the marginal vein, cuneiform, forming with the margin an angle exceeding 45°. Postmarginal vein about F/4 times as long as the marginal one. Abdomen oval, longer than the thorax only by the shortly projecting ovipositor. First tergite posteriorly broadly rounded, a little longer than the 4 following tergites in a normal position, posteriorly finely shallowly punctured. Pygostyles on the epipygidium relatively large, their distance from each other equalling the length o£ the median keel. (J: 4.5-5.5 mm.; entirely black, only the posterior femora red. Pedicel shorter than wide,·annellus very short, £used with the pedicel. All seven joints o£ the funicle have on the dorsal side a long flat process, which in the basal joints is as long as hal£ the £lagellum, in the last joints shorter. Club as long as the two preceeding joints together, twice as long as wide, on the dorsal side strongly inflated. Forehead more strongly arched than in ~. Abdomen oval, shorter than the thorax. On the wings stigmal vein more strongly cuneiform, distant from the margin almost under a right angle. · Typical West-Mediterranean element, which seems to be lacking in Cen­ tral Europe. Known from Algeria, Tunisia, Southern France, Italy. Revised finds: Tunisia: Tunis, V. (Grae££e); Le Ke£ (Obenberger) .. - Algeria: Hammam bou Hadjar, Oran (Schmiedeknecht). - Spain: Andalusia, Algeciras (Zerny). - Sicily (Mann). - France: Var, Agay (Oben­ berger). 8. Neophasgan~phora MASI. Phasganophora SICHEL, 1865 (ex p.); Neophasganophora MASI, 1942, etc. Description: Antennae in both sexes relatively short, the pedicel ;is not longer than wide; annellus transverse; funicle (7 joints) o£ ~,all through equally wide; club compact, short. In 6' the joints o£ the funicle are slightly nodular. Antennae inserted high above the arched £ace, scrobe narrow, fairly deep, the scape reaches the ocellus. Clypeus high, almost square, cheeks long, compound eyes small, head in front view lengthy triangular. Vertex narrow in an anteroposterior direction. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 49

Thorax short, arched, scutellum with two dents, propodeum with a spine on the sides. Posterior femora with an indication of three dents. Abdomen of s;2 with lengthy elongated epipygidium and ovipositor. Tergites dorsally with rare, strange, coarse and irregular punctures, which do not carry any hairs. Postmarginal vein of the wings long. The only European species, N. gallica (SICH.), was long placed to the genus Phasgonophora WESTW., which belongs however to the sub­ family Brachymeriinae. MASI 1942 elucidated the problem. The genus N eophasganophora Ms. is a strange and foreign element among the other European species, to which it does not show a close affinity. Up till now only one species is known in Europe, another was described from North Africa. In addition to these I know further two new species from Palestine and Trai:lScaucasia. All are very close to each other morphologically, but can easily be characterised by their coloration. Of the old species Haltichella bidens FoRSTER might be a male of the genus Neophasganophora Ms., but the species is not known to which the statement "Kopf und Mittelleib t>tark weisslichgrau behaart" could be applied.

Key ofthe females of Neophasganophora Ms .. l. Thorax dorsally black, only scutellum red; anterior and middle legs black. only knees and tarsi red ...... l. N. gallica (SIOH.),

I. Neophasganophora gallica (SICHEL) (fig. 60). Phasganophora gallica SICHEL, 1865, etc. Description: 7-12 mm. · Black; scutellum (as a rule the whole), posterior femora and posterior tibiae, and at least the distal half of the posterior coxae red. Posterior tarsi black, anterior and middle tarsi red or brown. · Pedicel transverse, annellus 3 times as wide as long; 1st joint of the funicle P/4 times as long as 'Yide, the following joints progressively shorter, preclava slightly shorter than wide, club as long as the two pre­ ceding joints together. Temples drawn together backwards in an angle of about 30°. Dents of the scutellum about twice shorter than the distance between their points. Costa lateralis forming behind the stigma a narrow spine placed perpendicularly. First tergite of the abdomen with numerous, strange, irregular, rather close punctures. Epipygidium with projecting ovipositor about as long as the remaining part of the abdomen. c)': 6-6.5 mm. . Black; only the posterior femora and posterior tibiae red; tibiae sometimes partly dark. Antennae thicker, annellus 4 times as thick as long, joints of the funicle slightly nodular, i. e. swollen in the middle 50 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

and narrower at the ends; 1st joint P/2 times as long as wide, 7th joint 1 1 / 5 times as wide as long. First tergite more. closely punctured in the basal half. Parasitic on the butterfly N ephopteryx sublineatella STGR. Similarly as Ghirocera LATR. a typical Mediterranean element, the. northernmost locality known to me is Senj near Rjeka. It does not seem to live in central Europe. Revised finds: Tunisia: 1 6, 1898 (Schmiedeknecht). -Algeria: Batna, 1 6 (Exp. Obenberger). -Spain: Castilia, Cuenca, 3 n (Korb ). - France: Var, Agay, V. 1927, 1 Sf! (Exp. Obenberger). - Yugoslavia: Dalmatia, 2 66 (Simony); Dalmatia, VIII. 1891, e Nephopteryx subli­ neatella, 4 66 (Rogenhoffer); Senj, 16. VI. 1905, 266 1 Sf! (Bir6); Split­ environment, 7.-20. VI. 1948, 1 6 (Balthasar); Bilek, Herzegov., 1 Sf!. -'­ Greece: 1 SF! (Kriiper).

2. Neophasganophora palestinensis n. sp. Sf! (figs. 61, 62) Description: S[!: 9,5-11,5 mm. Black; the following parts are red: pronotum, tegulae, scutellum~ outer part of the scapula (sometimes also a strip along the parapsidel furrow), knees and tarsi of the anterior and middle legs, posterior femora and tibiae. Posterior tibiae in the middle often black. Scape as long as the pedice] with the annellus and the first two­ joints of the funicle. All joints of the funicle longer than broad, first joint P/4 times as long as broad, 7th only scarcely perceptibly longer­ than broad. Club as long as 12/3 preceding joint. Interspaces between the close punctures of the thorax smooth. Scu­ tellum usually with median longitudinal depression. Punctuation of the. posterior femora a little finer than in N. gallica (SrcH.). First tergite smooth, shiny, only with a few shallow, large punctures without pubes­ cence. Cauda (epipygidium plus ovipositor) as long as the rest of the. 1 abdomen. Median keel of the epipygidium 3 / 2 times as long as the. distance between the pygostyles. In the other features like N. gallica, (SICH.). 6 not known and probably difficult to distinguish from related species. Biology not known. At present only from Palestine: Jerusalem~ 3. IV. 1946, 4 Sf!Sf! (1 holotype, 3 paratypes, Houska lgt., coil. N. Mus. Prague); Jericho 1 S[!, paratype (Schmie9-eknecht)incoll. N-H. Mus. Wien.

3. Neophasganophora armeniaca n. sp. Description: Sf!: 9 mm. Black, the whole dorsal part of the thorax is light red except a trian­ gular spot anteriorly on the mesoscutum, further the anterior and middle femora, the posterior coxae, femora and tibiae. Anterior and middle tarsi red, dorsally darker.

Antennae as in N. gallica (SrcH.), 1st joint of the funicle 12/3 times as long as wide, 7th joint of the funicle as long as wide. Club as long as the two preceding joints together. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1. 51

Thorax shiny between the punctures. Scutellum with the median depression indicated. First tergite with numerous scattered punctures. Posterior femora punctured as in N. gallica (SICH.), with which it agrees also in the other characters not mentioned here. The le£t pair of wings is lacking in the typical specimen. 6 and biology not known. Holotype, I ~ from Kulp, Summer 1901 (Korb); Armenia turcica, Asia Minor. in coil. mea.

9. Haltichel/a SPINOLA. Haltichella SPINOLA 1811, etc.; Microchalcis KIEFFER 1904, etc.

Description: Antennae of ~of moderate length, thickened towards the end. Last joint, the club, compact, without distinct sutures, about as long as the two preceding joints together. Antennae of 6 equally long, funicle strong, filiform, scarcely discernibly narrower towards the end, joints thickened, pedicel very short, annellus ,;shortly transverse, indi­ stinct; Ist joint of the funicle twice as long as wide, the following joints progressively moderately shorter. Insertion of the antennae at a small distance above the clypeus on a convex callus. Interantennallobe narrow, projecting. Scrobe deep, a distinct preorbital keel at the inner orbits. Eyes ciliated. Head and thorax closely punctured, thorax dorsally Hat. Scutellum longer than wide, with two cylindrical spinose dents directed horizontally backwards. Propodeum with compact, archedly projecting costa late­ ralis. Abdomen in both sexes oval; 1st tergite covering more than hal£ the abdomen, lengthy tongue-shaped; posterior margin rounded, at the base with two short, distinct keels, between them a transversal fovea, on them longitudinal furrows. Posterior femora long-elliptic, without dents, with a comb from the first third of the underside. Wings long, projecting over the abdomen, pubescent on their whole surface, smoky brown, with darker spots indicated at the marginal vein and behind the end of the postmarginal vein, which is well developed. I give the diagnosis of the genus on the basis of the knowledge of the only European species, H. rufipes (OLIVIER). ScHMITZ 1946 lists this species also from Central Africa, but from the figurings and descrip­ tion we may infer that ScHMITz's identification is erroneous, and with MENON and KERICH I consider it very probable that ScHMITZ's African species belongs to a quite different genus. The principal difference lies in the presence of the formation of a frontal keel which in the African species runs along the inner orbi~s and connects between the anterior and lateral ocelli just as in the genus Antrocephalus KBY. H. rufipes (OLIV.) from Europe has only a preorbital keel developed, ending above anteriorly to the lateral ocelli. (In SCHMITZ's paper several mistakes can be found; thus the genus Oratocentrus CAM. does not belong among the Haltichellinae, but to the subfamily Brachymeriinae; the genus Hockeria WLK. is wrongly interpreted- Afrochalcis ScHMITZ, n. g. is presumably a synonym of Hockeria WLK., whereas Hockeria ScHMITZ is Antrocephalus KBY.; etc.). 52 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fa m. Chalciclidas (Hymenoptera)

L Haltichella rufipes (OLIVIER) (figs. 59, 71, 72). Chalcis 1·ujipes 0LIVIER, 1790; Oynips armata PANZER, 1801, Ohalcis bispinosa FABR., 1804 ( ?), Ohalcis rufipes LATREILLE, 1805; Haltichella bispinosa SPINOLA, 18ll; Haltichella armata SPINOLA, 1811; Ohalcis armata DALMAN, 1820; Ohalcis bispinosa FoNSCOLOMBE, 1832, Ohalcis armata NEES, 1834, Hockeria rufipes W AL­ KER, 1834; Halticella armata Fi:iRSTER, 1859; Haltichella armata THOMSON, 1875; Microchalcisquadridens KIEFFER, 1904; Haltichella bispinosa MASI, 1929 and 1936; Microchalcis quadrttm GYi:iRFI, 1942 (ERDos vidit); Haltichella bispinosa ERDos,; 1946; Haltichella bidentata ScHMITZ 1947, (ex parte; only the European specimen) Haltichella rufipes KERRICH & MENON, 1949. Description:~: 3.5-4.5 mm. Black; the base of the flagellum of the antennae (usually pedicel, annellus and 1st joint of the funicle), all tarsi and trochanters, more or less the anterior 4 tibiae, and the end of the posterior tibiae are red. The scape reaches to the anterior ocellus; pedicel twice as long as 1 wide, annellus square, lst joint of the funicle longer by / 4 than wide, a little wider than the aiJ,;nellus, the following joints of about equal length, gradually moderately thickened towards the end, 3rd joint as long as thick at the end, 7th joint shorter by one third than wide, club compact, a little longer than the two preceding joints together. Pubescence of the thorax rather coarse, appressed. Scutellum very 1 flat, longer by about / 4 than wide, posteriorly with two conical, hori­ zontal, subparallel dents. Each of them is almost as long as the distance between their points. Costa lateralis often forming in the middle an obtuse-angular, broad dent. In the middle of the propodeum posteriorly a projecting callus to which corresponds the fovea of the lst tergite delimited by two strong short keels, between them behind fovea fine lol;lgitudinal furrows. First tergite entirely smooth or with fine punctures in the posterior part. Posterior half of the abdomen strongly shortened, 1 pubescent. Posterior femur 2 / 2 to 3 times as long as wide, lower margin by superficial observation without dents, but three dents are indicated (in this and in the configuration of the head it is related rather to the genus Antrocephalus KBY. than to Hockeria WLK.). The first dent is in the first third scarcely discernible; the comb starts from it and forms two moderate undulations anteriorly to and close behind the posterior third. There are about 45 fine denticulations on the comb. 6: 3-4mm. Antennae entirely black. The scape does not reach the anterior ocellus; pedicel broader than long, annellus about 5 times as wide as long; joints of the funicle thickly cylindrical, first joint twice as wide as long, 2nd - 7th almost equally long, 7th P/2 times as long as wide; club a little shorter than the two preceding joints together. Abdomen a little more punctured than in ~ but shiny. . Host not known. Imaga in summer on blossoms. ~~ hibernate in hollow trees, tree-stumps, in thick layars of old leaves and in similar places, so that in winter they may be found by chance also e. g. in mole nests. Not common species, but it seems to live everywhere. Distributed all through Europe. I revised specimens from the following localities: Sicily: Catania (Graeffe). - Italy: Caril (Paganetti); Is. Elba (Hold­ haus); Bolzano.- France: Var, Agay (Oben~erger); Vaux. -.Germany: Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 53

Aachen, "Halticella rufipes LAP." (FORSTER); Berlin-env. (Schirmer); Thii­ ringen (Schmiedeknecht). __:.Austria: Arnfels, Styria; Bisamberg; Dorn­ bach, A. in£. (Handlirsch); Innsbruck (Clement); Wimpassing, Leitha­ Geb. (RuscHKA); Piesting (Tschek). - Czechoslovakia: Bohemia: Brzanky n. Lab. (H££r); Karany n. Lab. (H££r); M. Kysice (Obenberger); Nebusice (Obenberger); Radotin (Sust); Sv. Prokop (H££r); Smichov; Koulka; Jince; in a nest of Talpa europea L. (Roubal); Houska (Sust ); Praha, Stromovka (Roubal); Zvikov (Maran); Prachatice (Handlirsch); Moravia: Kohoutovice (Gregor); Brno-env. (Gregor, Snof, H££r); Modrice (Snof); Zidlochovice (H£fr); Uhercice (H££r); Pouzdrany (Hffr); D. Vesto­ nice (H££r); Klausen (JIHr); Breclav, Bofiles (Rezek); Boretice (Gregor); Kobyli (Sust, Gregor); Cejc (H££r); Mikovice (H££r); Chriby (H££r); Slovakia: Turna n. Bodv. (Bck); Slov. N. Mesto (H£fr); Somotor (H£fr, Bck); Kral. Chlumec (Bck); Vinna (Bck); Veh1ty. - U.S.SR. Mukacevo, Klastromalja, Transcaucasia, Helenendorf (south of Kirovabad)- Rou­ mania: Comana Vlasca (Montandon); Nagyenyed (Bir6, Szilady); Radnai havas, 1500m(Pavay).- Hungary: Budapest (Bartk6); Buj {Horvath); Debrecen (Ujhelyi, Rostkovisz); Felde1:?r6 (Erdos); Kalocsa (Erdos); Kis­ pose (Mehely); Mariabesnyo (Fodor); Orszentmikl6s; Vacduka (Bir6). ~ Yugoslavia: Gospic; Dalmatia (Simony).

10. Antrocephalus KIRBY. Antrocephalus KIRBY, 1882, etc.

Description: Antennae of~ long, slender, £iliform, annellus always shorter than the pedicel. 6' has shorter antennae, £lagellum thickened. Pedicel always much shorter and narrower than the 1st joint of the funicle, annellus very transverse. Thick joints of the funicle decreasing in length and usually also width in the direction towards the club formed of three joints whose sutures are often indistinct. Insertion directly above the clypeus, which is turned with the sudace downwards, transversally band-shaped. Labrum at the base deepened, right mandible with 2-3, left with two teeth. Frontogenal suture more or less indicated, keel shaped Forehead strongly concave, at the sides and above always with a distinct keel, which runs as preorbital keel along the inner orbits, proximally from the lateral ocelli it turns behind the middle ocellus where both branches unite in the frontal keel. Compou11d eyes large, more or less distinctly finely ciliated. Thorax punctured shortly pubescent, collar at least on the sides delimited by a keel; scutellum with two dents at the end. Wings often smoky, with two darker spots. Marginal vein· short, stigmal vein very short, postmarginal vein always distinctly developed. Abdomen of Sf! elongated, conicaL KIRBY 1882 described this genus and designated as type the species Halticella fasciicornis WALKER, 1871. As I do not know either this spe­ cies or the species Halticella liberator WALKER, 1862, the type of the related and according to some authors congeneric Stomatoceras KIRBY, 1882, I cannot solve the question of the generic name, and therefore I adopt the conception of MAsi, who in his publications uses the name 54 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Antrocephalus KBY. for species with a distinctly developed postmarginal vein. (Stomatoceras KBY. with a rudimentary postmarginal vein.) The genus is distributed in many species in the tropics, and the specific distinction is often difficult. From the western part of the pale­ arctic region the species so far described include only A. hypsopygiae MASI from Turkestan and Cyprus, A. turkestanicus MAsr from Turkestan, and Antrocephalus sp. (Ms.) from Albania. - Halticella bidens FoRSTER from Asia Minor, about which MAsr assumes that it also belongs to the genus Antrocephalus KBY., is rather a species from the affinity of the genus Neophasgaiwphora Ms. It would indeed have been paradoxical if such an acute observer as FoRSTER had not noticed the frontal keel, all the more so as in his diagnosis he describes also the clypeus. The central European species which I describe as A. hotferi, n. sp. is not conspecific with the Albanian species, for MAsr 1943 writes about the latter: "il femore posteriore manca del lobo basale ed ha gli altri due appena sporgenti." Our species has always three distinct dents. In addition to this species I know from Europe still two further s_pecies, one from Crete (l ~'perhaps conspecific with A. hypsopygiae Ms., but more probably with A. sp. (MAsr) from Albania), the other from Spain (l cJ). For the present I do not give their descriptions as a larger material than I have at my disposal at present would be necessary for this. · I. Antrocephalus hofferi n. sp. (figs. 2, 63-68)

Description:~: 7-7,5 mm. Black; spots on the mandibles and posterior .tibiae except on the inner side turned towards the femur red. Underside of the abdomen brown. Wings entirely slightly smoky brown, with two unclearly deli­ mited darker spots at the anterior margin; first spot at the marginal vein, second spot behind the end of the marginal vein. Veins dark brown. Antennae long, flagellum everywhere of the same width. Pedicel 3 times as long as wide, somewhat bent, 4 times shorter than the scape. Annellus slightly longer than wide, lst joint of the funicle scarcely longer 1 than the pedicel, 2 / 2 times as long as wide, the following joints progres­ sively shorter, prec]ava still longer than wide, 5 : 4. Club distinctly of three joints, pointed, almost as long as the two preceding joints together. Insertion of the antennae only at the clypeus, which is turned with the surface downwards and forms with the plane of the forehead a right fl,ngle. Interantennallobe very narrow, width one third of the transversal diameter of the antenna! pit .. A keel running from below the antenna! pit in the direction towards the eye very short, little distinct. Fronto­ genal suture indicated by a slightly carinaceous shiny line. Labrum shorter than wide, in the basal half with a transversal deep concavity, distal part flat with some coarse spots. Right mandible with three ahnost equal teeth (the outer one the largest), left one with two teeth. Scrobe deep, finely granulated. Lateral thirds closely punctured; punctures arranged in five to seven rows. Preorbital keel distinct as far as the lower part of the eyes, the part of the keel between the middle and Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 55

lateral ocelli everywhere equally characteristic. Lateral ocellus at a di­ 2 stance from the compound eye corresponding to / 3 of its diameter. Punctuation of the thorax close, interspaces between the punctures as large as one third of the diameter of the individual pits. Pubescence fine, short, scarcely reaching to the middle of the adjoining pit. Inter­ spaces between the punctures very finely transversally furrowed, on the mesonotum and scutellum almost quite smooth. Pronotum in the middle third without distinctly keel shaped delimited collar. Tegulae very finely 1 punctured. Scutellum flat in the anterior part, longer by about / 5 than wide, more than 3 times wider than the width of the two dents measured at their base. Dents small but characteristic. Central part of the propo­ deum flatly sloping, the lateral part is arched in an anteroposterior direction. Areola media elliptic, inside in its anterior half a slight keel connected with the submedian keel by two to three transversal furrows. Two to three longitudinal rows of pits, delimited by secondary keels, are more or less developed between the submedian and sublateral keels. The largest areola is here situated on the side of the base of the areola media, it is roundedly square. Areola stigmalis with a fine irregular sculpture, stigma long-reniform. Costa lateralis interrupted behind the stigma, then continuing in a broad blunt lobe whose blunt end is bent inwards and connects here with a transversal keel delimiting the areola .stigmalis against the posterior part of the lateral area which is white pubescent. Middle coxae almost twice as long as the distance of the margin Qf the epicnemium from their base. Posterior femora barely twice as long as wide, below directly in front of the middle with a small, rectan­ gularly ending dent behind which are still two almost equally large but blunter dents. Comb beginning at the first dent, with 40-45 dentations. Punctuation of the posterior femora fine and very close, nevertheless the small interspaces between the punctures are shiny. Sculpture of the posterior tibiae much closer and finer than the posterior femora.

On the wings the marginal vein is thick, aboutl/6 as long as the submar­ ginal vein, almost by one half shorter than the postmarginal vein. Abdomen long.:conical. First tergite in the posterior third of the dorsal part finely, fairly closely but shallowly punctured, smooth in front. Second to fifth tergites smooth above, at most with an indication of a very fine shagreening, on the sides with coarse punctures, bearing a hair, which cover almost the whole surface of the 6th tergite. Pubescence short, inconspicuous. Tergites 1-5 with broadly and shallowly emargi­ nated posterior margin. (j': 5 mm. Antennae thick, narrowing towards the end. Scape below moderately emarginated in the distal third, thick, always reaching the ocellus. Pedicel small, twice as broad as long, annellus as broad as the pedicel but about 3 times shorter, difficult to distinguish from the fol­ lowing joint. First joint of the funicle thickened, P/2 times broader than the pedicel, length to width as 3: 2, 2nd joint of the funicle only by 1 about / 5 longer than broad, the following joints progressively slightly shorter, but as their width decreases preclava is still a little longer than broad. Club small, compact (sutures indistinct), pointed, about as long as .the last joint of the funicle together with half the preceding one. 56 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Interspaces between the punctures on the thorax more distinctly shagreened than in Sj2. Propodeum with all keels more projecting. First tergite at the back in the middle with a close, fine punctuation; the area thus punctured in the shape of a triangle with one point directed forward. Rest of the tergite very finely and less closely punctured, behind on the sides with coarse, sparse, pilifere punctures. The following tergites coarsely sparsely punctured and shortly pubescent, between the coarse punctures with fine, close, microscopic punctuation. , Host unknown; relatives of our species are parasites on butterflies. The imago is certainly very rare and seems to fly only when the sun shines ·strongly. Under such conditions it was caught in Slovakia. The same may really be said in Czechoslovakia of most rare species of this subfamily. They are southern elements which seem to have the northern­ most limit of their distribution in our territory. Up till now known only from the following lacalities: Czechoslovakia: Stllrovo, Hed'farok; 15. VI. 1948, 2 88, paratypes (Hffr). - Hungary: Szigetszentmikl6s, 22. - 26. VII. 1912, 1 8 IO Sj2Sj2; 1 Sj2, holotype, I 8, allotype, 9 83, paratypes, (Bir6); Budapest, Sashegy, 25. VII. I895, I Sj2, paratype (Szepligeti). -Holotype and allotype in Nat. Mus. Budapest, paratypes in colls. Boucek, Hoffer and Nat. Mus. Budapest.

11. Euchalcis DuFOUR. Euchalcis DUFOUR, 1861; KIRBY, 1882, etc. Description: Antennae of Sj2 long, slender, filiform, with a mat surface; .shiny scape reaching the anterior ocellus; all segments, the third one included , longer than wide; insertion directly above the clypeus. Antennae of 8 strongly thickened, shorter than in the~- Pedicel transverse, annellus indistinct, funicle thick, towards the end moderately narrowed, lst joint bent. Scrobe deep, clypeus narrowly transverse, mandibules short, the right one with 3, the left one with 2 teeth. Cheeks long, below with a triangular shiny area in the place of the frontogenal suture. Prominent, bare or sparsely ciliated eyes longer than the cheeks; Thorax closely punctured, scutellum distinctly two-dented. On the propodeum the costa lateralis forms two pointed dents, or is without dents. Posterior coxae below and posterior femora outside coarsely, not closely punctured; femur below with two dents, a small sharp one in the middle and another, broadly rounded one in the distal third. Abdomen of Sj2 conical, long, 1st tergite the largest, tergites behind moderately broadly incised. Wings not ciliated at the margin. DUFOUR I86I established the genus for the species miegi DUFOUR, I86I, haematomera DuFOUR, I86I, vetusta DuFOUR, I86I, dargelasi LAT­ REILLE, 1805; at the same time the author enumerated as congeneric Ichneumon bimacu.latus FABRICIUS, I793, Chalcis tenuicornis FoNsco~ LOMBE, I832, Chalcis denticornis FoNSCOLOMBE, I832, Chalcis nebulosa FoNSCOLOMBE, I840 and Torymus albomaculatus LucAS, I846. KIRBY 1882 designated as type the species Euchalcis miegi DuF., which is also today the only species entitled to carry the original generic name. As nomina dubia remains haematomera DuF., as also albomaculata Luc. which belong presumably to the genus Hockeria WLK. E. vetusta DuF. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. I. 57 is Neochalcis KBY.; E. dargelasi LATR., tenuicornis FoNsc., are Lasiocha­ lcidia Ms: and E. nebulosa FoscN. seems to be Peltochalcidia STEFF. Euchalcis KIEFER and SCHMIEDEKNECHT are synonyms for Lasiochalcidia MASI 1927, Euchalcis MASI, 1916 are Lasiochalcidia MASI, 1927 plus Euchalcidia MASI, 1927. In the genus Euchalcis DuF. thus remains today with full right only the generotype E. miegi DuF. In the present work I describe two further species, one which is known only from ~~ and one which is known only from 66. One further species was described by HoFFER 1950, during the printing of this paper (see Appendix). These new species lack the striking pubescence of the ab3omen characteristic for E. miegi DuF. For the rest they stand morphologically very close to each other and especially the posterior femora are configurated very similarly in all species; this was the main reason why I combined these species in one genus. But this solution is not so simple as it looks, and today it cannot be regarded as final, as a considerable number of species belongs to the close affinity. The European species listed in this publication in the genus Hockeria WLK. stand especially close to each other, but it is difficult to determine where the non-European species should be placed. It will either be neces­ sary to include all species in one very wide genus (which would then be called Hockeria WLK.), or better, form several genera, but then it would certainly be difficult to delimit them .. Here I give all the species only in the two old genera. If however it should be possible to study at leats the west-palearctic species in a larger material, the result would certainly be different. With our present knowledge this question cannot be solved.

Key of the west-palearctic species of the genus Euchalcis. 1. 42; abdomen long-conical elongated, antennae slender, long, all joints longer than wide ...... 2. - 6'; abdomen not conically elongated; antennae thick, narrowed towards the end 2nd and 3rd joints transverse, the following joints long, more or less bent and swollen ...... 3. 2. First and second tergites on the sides and 6th tergite entirely very strikingly closely white or yellowish pubescent; wings dark smoky brown; scutellum see fig. 76; largest species 9-13 mm...... I. £, miegi DuF., 42• - abdomen only normally, very sparsely and shortly pubescent; wings ~lightly brown smoky under the marginal and behind the stigmal vein; scutellum see fig. 70; 8,5-11 mm. . • ...... 2. £. nuda n. sp., 42- 3. Size 6-8 mm.; distal joints of the funicle scarcely swollen (fig. 75); scutellum with two long dents as in 42 ••••••.•••••••..•••••••.• 1. £, mlegi DuF., 6'­ - size 3-3 5 mm.; all joints of the funicle strongly swollen (figs. 141, 142), scutel- lum strongly arched, dents broad, little distinct; wings milk-white ...... 3. £. hyalipennis n. sp. 6'·

I. Euchalcis miegi DuFOUR (figs. 73- 76). Euchalcis miegi DuFOUR, 1861; Phasganophora (Allocera) bicolor SICHEL, 1865; Halticella Miegii ANDRE, 1881; Euchalcis Miegii KIRBY, 1883; DALLA TORRE, 1897; Euchalcis Miegi plus E. bicolor KIEFFER, 1899; Euchalcis Miegii CEBALLOS, 1941; Orthochalcis Miegii MAsr, 1943. Description: ~: 9-13 mm. Black; thorax above either entirely red or anterior part of the me­ soscutum black or also the basal part and the end of the scutellum black. 58 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Sometimes also the orbita narrowly red. Wings strongly smoky brown, veins blackish brown. Sides of the abdomen in front and 6th tergite made to look entirely white or yellowish by the close pubescence. Antennae very slender. Scape slender, narrowed in the distal third.

Pedicel 3 times as long as wide, annellus Pj3 times to twice longer than wide. Funicle hardly noticeably thicker at the end, first joint 4 times longer than wide, 7th still P/2 times longer than wide; club longer by 1 / 2 than the 7th joint of the funicle. Hes,d in front trapezoid, by half the width of the compound eye wider than high. Praeorbital keel developed 2 in the upper / 3 of the inner orbita. Compound eyes very sparsely and shortly, inconspicuously ciliated. Labrum transverse, slightly concave. 'Thorax closely, coarsely punctured, the narrow interspaces between the punctures smooth; on the scutellum in these interspaces sparsely scattered fine punctures. Scutellum without dents as wide as long, often with a medial depression, posteriorly with two approached, subhori­ zontal, relatively narrow dents, longer than the distance between their points (fig. 76). On the propodeum a transversal keel connecting the weak carina sublateralis with the costa lateralis and running out on the costa in a narrow, pointed dent; the costa lateralis forms anteriorly to it still one more dent twice shorter. Stigma long-reniform, at least 5 times as long as wide. Posterior femora not closely, but coarsely punctured, twice as long as wide, below with a small pointed dent in the middle, and the comb behind it forms still one more broadly rounded dent. Less than 30 denticulations on the comb. Wings with postmarginal vein about as long as the marginal vein, which is twice as long as the obliquely distant, slightly cunei­ form stigmal vein. First tergite longer than the foilowing four in a normal position; posterior margin almost even; posteriorly in the middle a mat spot of fine close punctures which become finer and finer towards the margin until they disappear. Basal half of the tergite smooth, sides of the first tergite behind and of the whole 2n,d tergite with a striking, close and appressed, white or yellowish pubescence. A similarlystriking pubescence with hairs directed obliquely sidewards on the whole surface of the 6th tergite.Mediankeeloftheepipygidiumlonger than three times thedi:;;tance between the pygostyles which are slightly shifted away from the margin of the anterior part of the epipygidium (of the originally 7th tergite). 3 (not known up till now): 6-8 mm. Black; thorax as in ~ either entirely red above (forma typica), or black with a red ,scutellum (ab. scutellata m.), or entirely black (ab. nigra m.), analogously as in Neochalcis jertoni KIEFF. A tendency towards a red coloration is shown also by the underside of the scape of the anten­ nae, the mandibles, the middle tarsi and the posterior side of the poste­ rior tibiae. Wings smoky as in ~- Antennae thick, flagellum almost as long as the head together with the thorax. Scape as long as the pedicel with the 1st joint of the funicle. Pedicel behind the basal narrowing twice as wide as long; annellus very transverse (about 10 : 1), indistinct. First joint of the funicle bent, 1 2 / 2 times as long as wide, also the other joints of the funicle moderately bent, progressively shorter and moderately narrower; the 7th, joint still Acta Entomologica Musei NaMonalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. I. 59

!2/ 3 times as long as wide, wider than the club which is only about one fifth longer; sutures of the original three joints little visible. Antennae inserted somewhat higher above the clypeus than in +, callus interan­ tennalis very thin, projecting. Tentorial pits deep and broad, upper edge of the narrow clypeus projecting. Eyes more distinctly ciliated than in+. · Thorax still a little more closely punctured than in +, configuration of the dents of the scutellum and propodeum the same. Coarse punctua­ tion of the posterior femora closer, interspaces between the punctures as large as the punctures themselves. Abdomen shorter than the thorax, oval. The close fine punctuation of the Ist and 2nd tergites in the middle a little closer, on the sides and on the following tergites interspersed with coarse close punctures carrying a white or yellowish shiny pubes­ cence. The pubescence is most striking in front on the sides of the 2nd tergite and on the whole 6th tergite. Host not known; DuFOUR I861- assumes that E. miegi DuF. lives parasitically in the nests of wasps or related Aculeata. Known at present from Spain (type E. miegi DuF. from Madrid), from Algeria (type A. bicolor SIGH.), Tunisia, Sardinia and Albania (MASI). I have seen specimens from the following localities: Spain: Castilia, Cuenca, 1896, 1 6 ab. scutellata. (Korb ). -Greece: Athens, 16 ab. nigra. - Turkey: Halkali at Stambul, 1925, l 6, ab. nigra. (Horvath). - Armenia: Kulp, Sommer 1906, I 6, 2 ++,f. typica. (M. Korb). - Pa­ lestine: Jericho, I 6, ab. nigra. (Schmiedeknecht); Jerusalem, 7. VIII. I942, I 6, f. typica. (Houska), allotype, in N. Mus., Prague.

2. E.uchalcis nuda n. sp. (figs. 69, 70) Description:+: 8,5- ll mm. The ground-colour is dark brown to black. The thorax above, espe­ cially pronotum and mesoscutum, is usually reddish. Head with antennae and lower half of the thorax are black. Abdomen and legs always darker or lighter brownish red, anterior and middle tarsi red. Sometimes the whole thorax is black (ab. nigra m.). Wings with two relatively slightly smoky transversal spots in the usual places (lst at the beginning of the marginal vein, 2nd behind the stigmal vein). Antennae slender, similar as in E. miegi DuF. Pedicel three times as large as wide, annellus P/2 times as long as wide. Funicle filiform, all through uniformlynarrow.Its lstjointisdistinctly longer than the pedicel, three times as long as wide; the following joints are progressively moderately shorter, the 7th still 12/3 times as long as wide. Club as long as the 7th and half the 6th jointof the funicle together. Head in front transverse, by more than by the width of eye wider than high. Scrobe considerably shallower than in E. miegi DuF. Prae­ orbital keel scarcely indicated. Labrum distinctly deepened. Frontogenal suture indicated by a slight keel. Thorax a little more sparsely punctured than inE. miegi DuF.; on the scutellum without fine punctures in the smooth interspaces. Scutellum, the dents included, as long as wide, without a median depression. Dents broader and shorter than in the preceding species (fig. 7 0). Propodeum much 60 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Ohalcididae (Hymenoptera) on the sides without dents. Areola media not distinct as the secondary transversal keels are strongly developed at the expense of the primary longitudinal ones. Posterior femora with less projecting proximal dent (fig. 69), comb with 26 to 30 denticulations. The punctuation of the femora is till more sparsely and shallower than in E. miegi DuF. Post­ 1 marginal vein at least as long as the marginal one, stigmal vein / 2 the length of the marginal one. First tergite shorter than the four following ones in normal position. First five tergites above entirely smooth, not punctured. 6th tergite not closely, but coarsely and shallowly punctured. White pubescence of the sides of the abdomen and of the entire 6th tergite very sparse, thin, short, whitish. Median keel of the epipygidium 4 times longer than the interspace between the pygostyles. 6' and host not known. This species is not known as yet from the territory of Europe, but it probably lives in Southern Europe. Holotype and 1 paratype from Kulp, Armenia turcica Summer 1901 (Korb); SI>, paratype, from Caucasus, Araxesthal, 1889 (Reitter). - Holotype in coll. N. Mus. Budapest, para­ types in my own coll.

3. E.uchalcis hyalipennis n. sp. (figs. 141, 142).

Description: s;> not known. ()': 3,5-4 mm. Black; tarsi of the anterior and . middle legs red. The antennae, legs and lower part of the abdomen are reddish brown to black. Wings hyaline, pubescence on the whole surface white, therefore the total aspect of the colouring is milky white. Veins yellowish brown. Antennae as long as head and thorax together, distinctly slenderer apically, with very strikingly swollen joints of the funicle (figs. 141, 142). Scape straight, in the distal half slightly incised, shorter than the first joint of the funicle. Pedicel hemispheric, twice shorter than long; annellus quite indistinct. First joint of the funicle strongly bent into a quarter of a circle, in its second third swollen; 4 times as long as wide at the end. The following joints progressively shorter, moderately bent but all distinctly swollen. Club about as long as the 7th and half the 6th, joints together. Swelling ofthe joints in the two specimens known une­ qually strong (see figs. 141, 142). 1 Head transverse, 1 / 2 times as· broad as long, closely and coarsely punctured; punctures shallow only at the ocelli. Scrobe shallow; antennae inserted by the width of the scape above the clypeus. Tentorial pits deep, large. Labrum transverse as in E. miegi DuF., slightly deepened. Praeorbital keel lacking; a slight keel at the site of the frontogenal suture is developed only below. Thorax coarsely punctured; on the mesoscutum and scutellum the smooth interspaces are almost as broad as the punctures themselves. Scutellum with the dents included slightly shorter than wide, dents very short, broad. Propodeum without dents, keels irregular. Posterior femora of the same shape as in the two preceding species. The coarse punctures Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. I. 61

are closer in the upper half, below they leave broad surfaces smooth. Wings very characteristic not only by their colouring but also by their nervature. Postmarginal vein twice shorter, stigmal vein (strongly distant from the anterior margin) three times shorter than the marginal vein. Abdomen without striking pubescence. First and second tergites smooth above. Sides of the lst and 2nd, posterior halfof the 3rd to 5th, and entire 6th tergites covered with broad but very shallow punctures bearing a hair. Pubescence short, sparse, whitish. Only two 66 are known, somewhat different from each other. I am, however, convinced that this is due only to individal variability. The holotype is from the Sinai Peninsula, Tor, 1855 (Frauenfeld), the paratype from Araxesthal, 1890 (Reitter), both in my coli ..

12. Hockeria WALKER. Ohalcis F ABRICIUS, J URINE, LATREILLE, FONSCOLOMBE ( omnes ex p. ); H ockeria W AL­ KER (ex p.);- Halticella FoRSTER (ex p.);- WALKER, 1871 (ex p.);- Haltichella THOMSON, 1875 (ex p.); - Hockeria KIRBY, 1882 (ex p.); - DALLA ToRRE, 1897 (ex p.); Ohalcis MASI; 1908; - Hypochalcis GIRAULT, 1915; Hockeria MASI, 1916, etc., GAHAN & FAGAN, 1923;- Orthochalcis SILVESTRI, 1943(?);- Hockeria ERDOS, 1946, KERRICH & MENON, 1949. Description: Antennae, in Sf' long, filiform, scape slender, not thickened, reaching the ocellus. Pedicel always at least twice as long as the lst joint of the funicle. Annellus sometimes transverse, club short. In 6 antennae shorter, scape not reaching the ocellus, in the distal third slightly narrowed; pedicel short, annellus strongly transverse, indistinct, only rarely less transverse; funicle thickened, filiform or towards the end moderately·slenderer, joints towards.the end progressively shorter, club narrow, small. Insertion of the antennae directly above the clypeus, in 6 slightly higher, interantennallobe thin, convex. _Frontal concavity (scrobe) mo­ derate, reaching to the ocellus. Forehead closely punctured, praeorbital keel sometimes slightly indicated. Compound eyes large, projecting, in 6 finely ciliated, in <;> nearly bare. Cheeks long, shorter than the eyes, with frontogenal keel indicated. Clypeus minute, transverse, right man­ dible with 3 teeth, left one with 2 teeth. Labrum transverse, slightly concave. Temples developed. Head in front trapezoid, in Sf' more triangular. Thorax closely punctured, short, robust. Collar separated only on the sides of the pronotum, its posterior margin is without a border of hairs. Ridge-like margin of the scutellum forming posteriorly 2 short and broad lobate dents. Sometimes these dents are indistinct, which makes f. inst. SILVESTRI 1943write in his description of H. (0.) mengenil­ larum (p. 231): "scutello postice late rotundato." Propodeum short, strongly sloping, costa lateralis forming at most two minute dents. Areola media distinct. Epicnemium distant from the median coxae. Anterior and middle femora not thickened. Posterior femora thick, with fine punctures connected by a microscopic striation in the form of a reti­ culation. Below, behind the middle, an obtuse-angular dent; a second, more rounded dent in the distal quarter. Abdomen of Sf' pointed; lst tergite large, posterior margin straight or very broadly rounded. Wings with the postmarginal vein distinctly developed, stigmal vein shorter. 62 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Double dark spot always very distinct in the female, less or not distinct in the male. According to present knowledge it lives parasitically on Lepidoptera; H. mengenillarum (SILv.) on the strange Strepsiptera of the genus Menge­ nilla. The generotype is H. bispinosa WALKER 1834, a synonym of H. bifas­ ciata WALKER, 1834 as demonstrated by KERRICH and MENON 1949. Under the name of Hockeria WALK., 1834 a number of species was described, of which however (in the European fauna) only the generotype has been known under this name in the literature of the last fifty years. I succeeded in elucidating H. pachycera FoRSTER ( = unicolor ·WALKER; KERRICH had the kindness to compare my specimens of H. pachycera (FoRST.) whose type I saw) a.nd maculipennis DESTEFANI ( = bifasciata WALK.). Hockeria WLK. is the most difficult genus of the whole family because its species are still in evolution, and thus they stand morpholo­ gically often very close to each other, and are difficult to distinguish. To know them better it would be necessary to study a still larger material than that which I have had at my disposal, especially from the Mediter­ ranean region. The characters which can best be used I found for ¥¥ in the wings, but one may find specimens which diverge considerably from the typical forms. The greatest difficulties lie however in distinguishing the 66, where the wings lack those characteristic spots. Also individual specimens of the females are difficult to determine. It is interesting that all three species with a short and sturdy body, H. hofferi n. sp., masii n. sp. inopinata n. sp., have their counter­ part in slimmer forms such as H. bifasciata WLK., singutaris n. sp,. susterai n. sp. More natural groups are: H. magna n. sp. (alone), H. singularis n. sp. and masii n. sp. (posterior femora !), and the other species in a third group. I do not know Hockeria mengenillarum (SILV). . Key of the species of the genus Hockeria

l. ~: abdomen more or less conical, epipygidium with median keel, antennae with pedicel at least as long as the lst joint of the funicle ...... 2. - c)'; abdomen rounded, epipygidium without median.keel, pedicel always shorter than the lst joint of the funicle ...... 12. 2. Thorax red; dents of the scutellum as long as broad (fig. 40); labrum with distinct median keel shaped elevation; postmarginal vein very distinct, as long as the marginal vein, wings smoky brown, without hyaline spots ...... cf. Noechalcis hockerioides n. sp., ~. dents of the scutellum always much shorter, sometimes scarcely indicated, broad; labrum simply deepened; postmarginal vein usually shorter, wings often hyaline with brown spots or vice versa ...... 3. 3. Largest dent of the posterior femora (apparently the only one) in the distal fifth; abdomen in front, basal part of the antennae and legs yellowish red ...... 4. - distal dent never the largest one on the posterior femora; the proximal dent always at least as large as the distal one ...... , . 5. 4. Annellus transverse, dorsal part of the thorax closely punctured; interareas transversally striolated, not larger than the punctures themselves; abdomen shorter than the thorax, posteriorly covered with sparse hairs which are twice shorter than to almost as long as the median keel of the epipygidium; wings at apex without white spots ...... 8. H. masii n. sp., ~. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. I. 63

annellus distinctly longer than wide; thorax sparsely punctured, shiny, inter­ areas broader than the punctures themselves'; abdomen longer than the thorax, hairs posteriorly (except on the pygostyle) at least 4times shorter than the epipygidial keel; brownish wing with two rounded, white spots, the first at the stigmal vein, the other at the apex of the wing ...... 9. H. singularis n. sp.,

postmarginal vein distinctly twice shorter than the marginal vein or a little longer, but more distinct in tHe length of the stigmal vein only ...... 15. 13. Antennae long, thick, flagellum as long as head and thorax together, last segments of the funicle still nearly twice as long as wide; 3,5-4,5 mm ...... I. H. magna, n. sp., <5'. antennae distinctly shorter, smaller species ...... 14. 14. Slenderer, smaller species; epicnemium distant from the middle coxae by ahnost their length; stigmal vein much shorter than half the marginal vein; scutellum longer than wide; 2.2-2.8 mm...... 3. H. susterai, n. sp., d'· robuster species; epicnemium nearer to the middle coxae; stigmal vein nearly as long as half the marginal vein; scutellmn as long as wide; 2, 7-3 mm...... , ...... 2. H. inopinata, n. sp., d'·· 15. Abdomen ventrally, legs entirely and scape with pedicel yellowish red; annellus transverse, posterior femur with one dent in the distal fifth ...... 9. H. singularis, n. sp., <5'. abdomen, legs and antennae almost entirely black; posterior femur with two dents ...... 16. 16. Thorax shagreened between the close punctures, entirely mat; wings behind the stigmal vein entirely hyaline, epicnemium distant from the middle coxae by more than half their length, antennae relatively thicker; l. 7-2.7 mm...... 5. H. unlc:olor and 4. H. mengenillarum (SILV.) d'd'· thorax less strongly shagreened between the close punctures, slightly shiny; wing also in the distal third slightly smoky; postmarginal vein often a little longer than half the marginal one; epicnemium distant from the middle coxae only by half their length; antennae relatively slenderer; 2.5-3.5 mm...... 6. H. bifasc:iata and 7. H. hofferi,a n. sp., d'd'· 6'6' of all species are very difficult to determine and a thorough study of a large material, especially from Southern Europe, is still needed here. Perhaps material reared in both sexes from hosts would best elucidate these difficult species.

1. Hockeria magna n. sp. (figs. 77- 80). Description: '¥: 4-6.5 mm. Black, shiny, anterior four tarsi red. Antennae long, slender, filiform, scape everywhere of equal width, 1 reaching the anterior ocellus; pedicel 3 / 2 times as long as wide at the 1 1 end; annellus / 4 longer than wide, lst segment of the funicle 2 / 2 times as long as wide, the following segments equally wide, progressively shorter, 5th segment of the funicle twice as long as wide; 7th segment

P/2 times as long as wide. Club longer by one half than the preceding segment, pointed. Insertion of the antennae directly above the clypeus. Scrobe very moderate. Compound eyes very finely and sparsely ciliated. Cheeks as long as the shortest diameter of the eye, with a very slight but distinct frontogenal keeL Cheeks and temples below slightly concave, posterior margin raised ridge-like. Right mandible with 3 small teeth, 1 left one with 2large teeth. Head on top 2 / 3 times as wide as long. Thorax closely punctured, but shiny, interspaces between the punc­ tures either smooth or with a fine, shallow, transversal striolation. Dents of the scutellum lobate, obliquely turned upwards and backwards, per~ pendicularly to the adjoining part of the scutellum. Coarse ridges on the propodeum delimit always distinctly the areola media and espe­ cially the areola stigmalis, which is deep, bottom shiny. The costa late­ ralis forms behind it an obtuse-angular process. Posterior limit of the Acta Entorn:ologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Supp'. l. 65

2 epicnemium distant from the middle coxae by / 8 of their length. Meso­ pleura with elongated trapezoid or triangular, shiny space. Metapleura behind at the limit against the metapleura with elongated trapezoid or tl'iangular, shiny space Metaplema below and metacoxa on the underside with a close white pubescence. Posterior femora (reminiscent in shape of the genus N eochalcis KBY.) close behind the middle of the inferior margin with a rectangular dent, in the last third with a second, lower, more rounded dent. Wing 3 times as long as the maximum width, hyaline, withtw o separated, indistictly delimited, transversal, brown spots. Veins dark 1 brown to blackish brown, submarginal vein lighter. Marginal vein 2 / 3 times long as the stigmal vein. Postmarginal vein distinct at 1east for the same length as the marginal vein. Pubescence of the wing brown, on the hyaline spot below the stigmal vein white. Abdomen more than 3 times as long as wide, from the 2nd tergite to the end tapering in a straight line, shiny, smooth, tergites beginning with the 2nd tergite on the sides with a white conspicuous pubescence. Tergites 3 to 5 posteriorly very finely and shallowly shagreened; 6th tergite entirely finely shagreened, with scarcely discernible, very shallow and broad punctures bearing a hair. Epipygidium long, median keel longer than twice the distance between the pygostyles. C)': 3-4.5 mm. Anterior four tarsi brown to black. Antennae long, thickened, narrowed towards the end. Pedicel short, transverse; annellus scarcely discernible, about 10 times shorter than 1 wide. First segment of the funicle large, thick, moderately bent, 2 / 3 times as long as wide, the following segments always thickest in the middle. moderately narrowed towards the ends, slowly decreasing in width, almost equally long, 7th segment still almost twice as long as wide, shorter by 1 1 about / 4 than the club, which is narrower by almost / 4 than the funicle in the middle. Insertion of the antennae slightly higher above the clypeus. Compound eyes more closely ciliated. Shagreening of the thorax a little more distinct than in the ~' punc­ tuation closer. Abdomen long-oval, as long as the thorax without the pronotum, very finely but distinctly punctured except the basal part and the posterior margin of the 1st tergite. Wings with spots only slightly indicated, veins as in~' pubescence everywhere brown. Host not known. Distribution throught Southern Europe to the north as far a Bo­ hemia. I have seen all in all 26 ~~ and 14 6'6' (holo-, allo- and pam­ types) from the following localities: Switzerland: Sierre, Wallis (Schmiedeknecht). - Czechoslovakia: Lysa n. Lab. (Hffr); Mora­ via: Cejc (Hffr); Bzenec (Hffr); Slovakia: Nitra-Zobor, holotype and allotype (Bck); Sturovo (Snof); Kovacov (Hffr); Turna n. Bodv. (Bck); Somotor (Bck); Vinna (Bck).- Hungary: Budafok (Szepligeti); Csepel (:J{.ertesz, Uhl); Gellerthegy; Izsak (Bhl); Kisteteny (Szepligeti), - Orszentmikl6s (Saj6), - Szod (Bir6); -Roumania: Banat, Berzaszka (Ujhelyi). -Yugoslavia: Subotica Taubert); Dalmatia (Roggenhoffer). This is the species which I sent to several experts under the de­ signation of "Hockeria bimaculata FABR.". The bimaculata of FABRICIUS 6 6 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae \H.'¥111

Halle in is a Hockeria or :rather H. unicolor The abdominis ... " may :refer to H. N't/runA,uJJJ'''"/5. n. sp. But without material one mmnot for certain to which the of F A:BRICIUS

2. Hockeria n. sp. 149, 150). Acta Entomologica J\lfusei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 67

3, Hockeria susterai n. sp. 88, 89).

extent the knees and 68 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae

twice narrower

Host not known. At

Dedicated to

4. Hockeria Orthochalcis me:nq.eni.HanMn SILVESTRI, 1943.

do not to be a member its characters in the

.5. Hockeria unicolor WALKER. 92)

anterior 4 tarsi and knees reddish. a transversal zone ~~,~·~,~~~··' vein and vn•..

from the first between it and the is not distinct. vein about 4 times shorter

UWCLFl"'U'H one; the V'"'"~L·""""L~L vein is twice shorter than the

Pedicel 3 times as Ius se~[mt:mt of the funicle as as wide. Club eyes 7 0 The First Revision of the Enropean Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

6. WALKER

of the vein. Abdomen as as the head with the between one third and half of its to half the with a very the

than Acta Entomologica J\1usei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 71 72 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

less distinct than m

the female sex has be ''-<'7.H

the most ex-

8. Hockeria masii n. sp. 81-83) <;2: 2.8-3.2 mm. all

an- Acta Entomologica :Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl, l. 7 3

84, 85)

abdomen and some- brown to black. In some in front their comb and 7 4 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Antennae to the end two oval below the and situated close to the with a white

twice narrower twice as wide as one with 2 Acta Entomologica Jiifusei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. , 75 -----·

Para­ Vienna and in my own.

Tribus n. trib.

13. lnvrcia MASI. Invreia JY1ASI, 1927, etc. Des or less as the lst ""i~u,.ou than the lst ~v,.,.~•wu 7 6 'l'he First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

narrowed in the distal in sometimes Insertion of the antennae Sj2 distance above it. Scrobe shallow. Interan­ with the surface

MASI 1927 described the genus Invreia for the 4 """''"""" Acta Entomologica JYiusei N ationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1. 77

antennae.

than the 4th segment

the keel, below it the ""in,,oi·"·""" ()'; antennae of the arched 2. Base of the lst of the fovea the

3.

4. Posterior femur half the width of annellus and all segments of last segment often as wide as club as the two 'm'""'u'"'" se1~;mencts 3.8-4.5mm...... black; antennae either shorter or

5. Antennae segments of the funicle transverse, than wide; as the three segments 3.2-4mm...... segments of the funicle 7 8 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

6.

7.

even when the roof over the ...... 8. Two distinct keels at the base fovea; segments of the funicle without obtuse dent and "'"n"'~'"·n

lO.

n.

13.

sef~m(ont at abru1otlv n>Jrrn·wp,rl outside below femora subaenea Ms.,

MASI

Invreia &HJ"U&&'M::uMASI, l927d, 1934. <]2: 3.2-4mm. anterior and middle tarsi "'"YY)'~"'"'YY\'"' also the knees ends of the reddish. Acta Entomologica Jliiusei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1. 79

a hair.

half distinct­ Pedicel

as the two sternite

Host not known. So far this ~-n'"''""'a MASI 1927 and 1934 from. I have ¥ l 6 80 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) ll.-12. VII. 4 2

2.

1790; Hocke1·ia WALKER, 1834; Imxreia

a the Ms. to the Museum had the kindness

the older authors as "Gkalcis" in the

Rossi's

mm. anterior and middle tarsi and Posterior femora sometimes from the base Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. I. 81

as the thorB"X without indication of a minute squamose structure.

3. lnvreia MASI 99, lOO, Ill). Invreia nuwrlr1mw MASI, l927d, 1934, 1943. ¥: 4.4-4.6 mm. anterior and tarsi tarsi and ends of the tibiae reddish brown. 82 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididac (Hymenoptera)

4. lnvreia subaenea MASI. 97, 98, 109, llO) Invreia subaenea JIIIAsi, l927d. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 83 left one with two teeth. Cheeks a little shorter than the diamet,er of the eye. Head a little broader than Punctua- tion Thorax subhorizontal. Punctures on the mesoscutum scutellum very between them than the diameter of the

Host not Distributed in the Mediterranean till now in Czechoslovakia. I have l ¥

5. lnvreia mirabilis n. sp. 84 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalciclidae (Hymenoptera) and narrower to the end o£ the "'H"c"u'"•co as wide. Club as the two

from Hun-

6. lnvreia subarmata 101, 9: 2.4-3.2 mm. the ends of all and the tarsi are more or Antennae almost to the "'-""H'"-"'• shorter than the the club

reticulated. for the insertion o£ the antenna. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 85 I had vL"c;o:,Lu~u.r intended to describe as a new one ta1·salis s~tbarmata FoRST. described alter the

14. E.w::hakidia lVIASL Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 87

1934 from the of

l. E.w:::hak:idia 106-108)

Ohalcis aenea FABRIOIUS 1793 RoSSil'S 1790; Hockeria Ilaltieella sexdentata Fi:iRSTER, 1859; .Euchalcis nebu1osa MASI, 2-4mm.. knees of the anterior and middle ends tarsi red. at the

has at the base between them is the when the abdomen of the areola media on the nrnnnri

TAT'OT!.P in the distal

as rule less are often dark. Antennae vu.'''"'''-'L scape not u"""'''~u, lum u,~,_,uv".Y 88 The First Revision of the European Species of the Faro. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

between the second and third of costa lateralis Abdomen than half and second J-.<>Y"rt11-.A have seen l of San Remo of

of .U LlUCVIJ<]iO

15. Peltochalcidia ST'EFFA:N. Peltoehaleidia STEFFAN, 1948. on: Antennae than is almost as 6 scape 1st ""''""'-"" Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 89

search was without any and therefore me under the '-'-"'"'"""""""' it is a synonym of

known to me of the genus Peltochakidia. 90 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

- forehead below with at most twice finer a little closer than above, where punctures themselves;

l. Peltochalcidia benoisti STEFFAN. 6, 7, 113-116)

Ohalcis neb·ulosa 1840 Euchalcis nebulosa "-~-·~~.~~~ TORRE1897; nee JitiAS1 1916 benoi8ti STEFAN '",.~'~·"""1. STEFAN 1948, Peltochalcz:dia nitens STEFFAN 1948

often the about Thorax <~ncu"""''

delimited facies wrinkles. Me­ as is also the cuneiform. Posterior femora and the Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 91 hairs twice shorter than the width o£ the as as wide. Basal dent in the dent in the comb with 45-50 metatarsus on the side from the as the 2nd segmeJat vein shorter than the rudiment o£ the wv•,.,···~~ Abdomen uvJwwu behind the not visible from the middle

2. Peltochalddia orammsis n. sp. 117, 145)

metal tint. Redish are: the of the 92 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) oe,gnm1ng with the trochanters. In the the femora and tibiae dark the in the middle

as the .Lv.•.cwcQU>U. anterior to the dented dible with 3 left one with 2 broad teeth. Thorax more arched than in P. u~a'M''"'i" and much more diameter as in P. Areola as in this to the carina submedia in an benoisti

3. Peltochalcldia "''"'"'"'"'"""' n. sp. ll8). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 1. 93

Posterior tibiae and end of the antennae darker. the vein brownish. pr,eCt)mng ones. Antennae

a

Reit-

RATZEBURG.

1ln1Jttuorom RATZEBURG, 1844; Halticella FAIRMAIRE, 1875. the three narrowed in the the antennae

of a short aHJLLt)iluo 94 The First Revision of the European Species of the Farn. Ohalcididae (Hymenoptera)

Abdomen rounded.

of the genus

"AAn:t, of the antenna about as incised, abdomen somewhat po1nt:ect of the antenna as transverse, at least than the 4th segment; scape incised in the half; abdomen ~+~.~'··-'··· ro1.1nded ... ~ ~ ...... ~ ...... 3~ 2. rounded, with a the anterior third, almost the the width

tubercle-like nn.QUWHYI' femur without dentS as the width of the as wide;

...... 2. H. graf{i RATZB., Cjl. 3.

nn"t''""''n"lv with two distinct tubercle-like more femora without in the distal of the funicle as as wide; dark ...... C)' ...... 2. H. graf{i RATZB.,. • Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 95

l. hetera 124-128)

Hockeria hetera WALKER, 1834 ( ?).

Sometimes the '"'''~"'·Av the basal half of the anterior

to the north i.md to Czechoslovakia. I know from the France: V. l Sj2 96 'Ihe First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

2. RATZEBURG

ends of the tibiae and tarsi also the Acta Entornologica JYiusei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Snppl. I. 97 -----

17. Lasiochalcidia :M:ASI. CAMERON, 1904; Las'iochalcidia n. novum pro CAMERON. 98 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

last one is not wvc;cuc.a reasons, and because

of the Mediterranean of the genus Lasiochalcidia. l. than any of the about as tJunu:g<:Ju at the base; abdo:rne'n uost;erJ"orl

se~~m,snt of the funicle (4th «AcrrrH,nr, segment transverse \""rru<"n""h scape at the base often uo"uu··w>.o v"c'"u""''J~, domen G'· .....•...... 6. 2. except the coxae red, also the basal red .... 3. - at least anterior and tibiae and femora more or less black or

3. Acta Entomologica JYiusei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 99

BaK. is a very

4.

5.

one cannot

. Lasiochalcidia 131-135).

Ohalcis tenuicornis FONSCOLOMBE, Halticella tuberculata Fo,RS'TEj&, La:s~clcftalc,~cM:a r"'"or·~v,1s ERDOS, 1946; 100 The First Hevision o£ the European Species of the :Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

anterior TD1rnr,.,Q Tir><11",DY"1nT femora shorter than in

much more shorter than the 1st L.U.U>'-'"'u·" thrice as wide Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. L l 0 I

2. Lasiodu:ilcidia "''r.'"'~'·,.uu:I'J n. sp. 4, 5, 138 140).

downwards. Posterior femur is at the basal in the first less than 50 denticulations. Femur do not reach half the width the ..-.A~+n.Fi bent. The short hairs are about 102 The First Hevision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hyn1.enoptera)

shorter than the ).

two !J~<::Jv<:7UlHJ<; i:>Cli')HLQLLC" rounded. Host not known.

3. Lasiochalcidia cincticornis

H alticella cincticornis Euchalcis MAsi,

an and mesoscutum. costa lateralis Acta Entonwlogica Musei N ationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 10 3

in the basal and distal thirds almost and white two kinds as half width the T>r.QU>T'l dent of the femur in comb with about 45 denticula- almost twice as as the second the side is less than thrice as as

caucasia:

Lasiochalcidia

1927, Bou6EK, 1949, l 04 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

is it is thickest in the to the third dent at

from the island of in wide. I saw Gr. " l 6 from

148). Lasiochalcidia BoucEK, 1949. now this characteristic is known in one STEFFAN 1951 bases on this "n''""'"

Abbreviations.

Conch.1si on. in 17 genera. Re- are in most known from Euro-·. taxonomic re- Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. l. 105

and e, the Te,xonomic is discussed

as some have

ANDRE, J

Verbr. Chalc. - Descr. of a new sp. of Euchalcidia. Ann. Nat. v. 13: 475-479. and toler. of low temp. in E. Bull. Bull. Soc. -Not.

of the Ohalcididae. Ins. of the fam. Ohaleididae. of Oh. and ... gen. Euchalcis. - Ann

w., 1882 53-78. KonL, F. F., 1913 - Faune du District de 1916 - Die europ. Arten d. ~L.c~Lvluau.uu· 47, 363-368. LATREILLE, 1805 - Hist. nat. Crust. & . 1874 - Euchalcis vetusta ... Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 4, 1874,

- Ann. Soc. ent. - Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1879, Bull.: MASI, L., 1908 - Contr. alla conoscenza dei Calcididi Ital. II. - Boll. Lab. Zool. gen. 3, 1908: 86-149. MASI, L., Sullo studio dei Calcididi ... - BolL Soc. Zool. It. 9: 3-24. MAsi, L., Calcididi del I. - Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 47: 54-122. L., Note sui Calc. race. in - Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 48: Chalcididae race. in Cirenaica. - Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 49: di

alla conosc. dei Dirlvinini orient. - EOS 3: 29-48. -'--'<"'"-·"v'"" di una n. sp. di - Boll. Soc. ent. It. 59: di Ohalc. rare o poco note. - Boll. Soc. ent. It. 59: un n. gen. di Haltichellini ... Euchalcis. - Mem. Soc. 222.

di Giarabub 1926-

Haltichella.- Boll. Soc. ent. It. 61: ll-16. di. G. e di Cufra. -Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova

1933 - Race. ent. nell'Isola di v<>1.1.rvcm. - Mem. Soc. ent. It. 12: 25-28. 1934 - Calcididi dell'Isola di - Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova 57: Acta Entomologica Musci Nationalis Pragae, XXVII, 1951, Suppl. 107

:MAsr, L, I93o Notes sur lesHockeria ... -Bull. Soc. ent. 20: 252-258. 1937 di Calc. ed Imm. THl.T'>'l.!O:QrC.l Soc. ent. It. 137. 1939 - Descr. di un nuovo Dirhimr,s di BoL Soc. ent. It. 168. 1942 - Sul nome e sui caratteri della Soc. ent. It. 74: -86. l943a - Un nuovo Dirhinus facma - Bol. Soc. ent. It. 133. l943b - Note sui Calcid. race. Albania. BoiL Soc. ent. It. 75: 81- MASI, 1947 - Nuovo contrib. alla conosc. dei Dirhinini, EOS 23: 39-78. :lVIASI, L., -- Note sui Calcididi della Palestina. - Boll. Soc. ent. It. 79: 91-94. MoRLEY C. 1910 - of Brit. of fam. Ohalcididae. - London Brit. Mus. 1910. NEES· ab E. 1834 - Ichneumonibus affin. mr>nrm"·"·" 1834. PARKER H. L. 1923 Contrib. a la connaiss. de C. - BulL Soc. ent. Fr. 1923: 238-240. PARKER H. L. 1924- Recherches sur les form. des Chalcidiens.- Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 93: 262-379. HATZEBURG, ;r. T. C., 1844 - Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsekten I. - Berlin 1844. lii)SJ~NHAU:E]R, W. G., 1856 - Thiere Andalusiens. Rossrus, P., - Fauna Etrusca II. - 1792 - lVI:antissa Insectormn. - Pisis 1792. 1920 - Die europ. Arten d. Gatt. Smicra. - Ztschr. wiss. Insbiol.

-Die Ohalcis.- Konowia 1:221-233. SAUNDERS S. 1873 XVI. the habits econ. of cert. Insects. - Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1873: 407-414. SAUNDERS S. 1882a- Notes on Euchalcis vetusta. - Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1882: 291-305 l SAUNDERS S. l882b - - Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1882: Proc.: XXIII to XXVIII. SOHMIEDEKNEOHT Q. 1909 - Ohalcididae, in Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles 1909. Som&IEDEKNEOHT 0. 1914 m Schroeder Insect. lVHFI;eleUT01JaS Il. 1930-

Ohalcidiae. Inst. Pares Nat.

SIOHEL, d'une genres et Oonura. - Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. 1865: 345- SILVESTRI, F., 1922 - Contrib. alia conosc. d. Insetti d. Nocciuolo. - Boll. Lab. ZooL 16: 271-. - Studi ZooL gen. agr., STEFFAN, J. R., 1948- Deux nouv. genres d'Haltichellinae. - BulL Soc. ent. Fr. 53: 118-123. E. 1866 THOMSON, C. 1875. WALKER, F., 1834- 2. WALKER, F., 1871 Notes onur.;a;,~w.~a,?,

uviv0uu.<;.; papers were pu~ two remarks on some l 08 The First Revision of the European Species of the Fam. Chalcididae (Hymenoptera)

characters E. minor HFFR.: l Size: 6-8 mm.; 2nd a white or funicle

2

Remarks:

l. Lasiochalcidia becomes the aA-nAlrnt:'!lY>A of the new genus Bucekia STEFF. 2. Lasiochalci&ia Ms.; STEFFAN aC•DeT)ted the three L. 't,u·t-I!M','ru-;·,~15

; STEFFAN described a new from which seems to me to subaenea characters of P. nP'l'l•n"O'T1. 1948 and P. nitens ne de 4. Euchalcidia mHH'•l'l'lD .--..-.c.-non examined a Fabricius as Chalcis aenea. as its synonym 0. ·wun"vnv., LOMBE. 5. STEFFAN for the Ms. and I. cw~v~~oes ,~.-~w~·~· r n.r1;r.>.111",P.Ul. STEFFAN. characters of these two ""'''""," to express.

The own coli. are to be con- sidered I- Plate I.

2 Plate II.

4. abdomen, lateral view, ~; - 5. the

- 7. antenna. the in ventral Plate IIL

26. hind femur and tibia. Plate IV.

28. 29.- Chalds myrifex - 30. apex of abdomen of 6', ventral view. 3L Ch. sispes 32. Ch. l>i£1'utt•EEta 33.-313. - 34. <;>, head, - 313. ""''"1A>l,aro" Plate V.

I

37.- 38. Neochakis hippotoides 37. J, antenna; - 38.

42.

Neochalcis osmkldo - 50 hind head, fertoni hind femur and tibia; - 54. f. dorsal aspect. Plate VII.

55.-58. 55. - 56. 0 head lateral 58. 59. 60. Ne

63.-68. n. 63. ventral, basal in lateral view; - s;>, scutellmn; - 66. antenna. nuda, n. sp., 'jl: 69. hind femur and tibia; - 70. scutellum. Plate IX.

71.-72. Haltichel!a 71. female, habitus; - 72. antenna. 73.-76. E.uchalc:is 73. Cf', antenna; - 74. Cf', femur with tibia; 75. 6 antenna; - apex of scutellum. Plate X.

77.-80. Hockeria n. sp.: 77. - 80. ~ femur masii, n. sp. ~: 8L antenna; - 82. hind femur; - 83. abdomen,

H. singularis, n. sp.: 84. J antenna; - 85. ~' abdomen in lateral hofferi, n. sp. ¥: abdomen in lateral view. Plate XL

87. Hockeria hofferi, n. sp., H. susterai, n. bifasciata 92. H. unicolor Plate XII.

Ms.: 93. antenna of - 94. antenna of 6; 95. antenna - 96. antenna of 6; antem1.a of antenna of 6; 99. antenna Sjl; lOO. antenna of lOl. antenna, Cf; 102. <>ll.vCJLHEI 103. fore tarsus; - 104. middle Plate XIII.

106.-108. and abdomen; - 107.

113.-IHL Peltochalcidia benoisti - ll4. head frontal view; - ll5. the same of antennae, dorsal; 117. P. o:ranensis, sp., ¥: head in view; 118. P. dypeata, n. sp., ¥: head in frontal view. Plate XV.

RTZBG.: 119. 'j2, antenna; - 120. (S, antm:1n:'t; hind femur; - 123. 'j2, 124: hind femur with tibia in a same in a anteilllft: - 127, T'it>T' thorax abdomen; 129.-130. Lal>io•:l'w:lddia dm::ticomis ~: 129. antenna; - 130. hind femur. Plate XVI.

131.-135. Lasiochakidia Rlnr'"'l''d na; - 133. - 134. 136.- 138. 140. antenna; - 140. Cjl, antenna. Plate XVII.