DOCSLIB.ORG

Missing Pathways to 1.5°C the Role of the Land Sector in Ambitious Climate Action

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Missing Pathways to 1.5°C the Role of the Land Sector in Ambitious Climate Action Missing Pathways to 1.5°C The role of the land sector in ambitious climate action Climate ambition that safeguards land rights, biodiversity and food sovereignty CLARA Climate Land Ambition and Rights Alliance Missing Pathways to 1.5°C The role of the land sector in ambitious climate action Lead authors: Kate Dooley, Doreen Stabinsky. Contributing authors: Kelly Stone, Shefali Sharma, Teresa Anderson, Doug Gurian-Sherman, Peter Riggs. Editor: Mark Olden Design: Andy Omel Graphics: Ethan Cornell Cover photo: Rhett A. Butler / Mongabay Acknowledgements: Hanna Aho, Mary Booth, Dominick DellaSala, Alain Frechette, Lili Fuhr, Chloe Ginsburg, Jason Hill, Claire Hoolohan, Stephanie Keene, Cyril Kormos, Sara Lickel, Stephen Leonard, Brendan Mackey, Christopher Martius, Bernard Mercer, Hannah Mowat, Anne-Laure Sable, Linda Schneider, Christoph Thiess, Karin Ulmer, Virginia Young, Linde Zuidema. Citation: Dooley, K et al. (2018) Missing Pathways to 1.5°C: The role of the land sector in ambitious climate action. Climate Land Ambition and Rights Alliance. Available from: climatelandambitionrightsalliance.org/report Contact CLARA Media: Don Lehr (CLARA) / [email protected] / +1 917 304 4058 Mark Olden (Fern) / [email protected] / +44 7973884718 Sophia Har (ActionAid) / [email protected] / +1 651 815 1818 Network Coordination: Peter Riggs (Pivot Point) / [email protected] / +1 360 426 0959 Twitter: @CLARA_Alliance Table of Contents Acronyms � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � v List of Figures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �vi List of Boxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �vi Introduction � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �1 Climate, rights and biodiversity—intersecting crises � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �1 1�5°C pathways and the trouble with ‘negative emissions’ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 2 The missing pathway—ecosystem based approaches � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3 Part 1. Indigenous and Community Land Rights � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5 1.1 Global land tenure baseline � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5 1.2 Carbon and biodiversity in collectively held lands � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6 1.3 Community managed lands and protected areas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7 Part 2: Ecosystem-based restoration � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9 2.1 Avoiding emissions from conversion and degradation of natural ecosystems � � � � � � � � � �11 Protecting natural forests � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �11 Peatland protection and restoration � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12 Avoiding conversion of grasslands � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13 Potential for avoided emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13 2.2 Forest ecosystem restoration � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14 Importance of intact ecosystems to biodiversity, livelihoods and climate � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15 Potential for restoration to intact ecosystems � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15 2.3 Natural forest expansion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16 Natural regeneration and reforestation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16 Potential for natural forest expansion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 2.4 Responsible use of forests � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17 Mitigation potential through responsible use of forests � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 Plantations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 Part 3: Agriculture � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 21 3.1 Agroecological approaches � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22 Principles and practices of agroecology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22 Potential for sequestration in agroforestry systems � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 24 Nitrogen in agricultural systems � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26 3.2 Livestock and climate change � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 28 Current livestock production trends � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 28 The problems with confinement-based systems � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29 Limitations of an emissions intensity approach for a 1�5˚C pathway � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 30 Agroecological approaches with well-managed pasture and grazing systems � � � � � � � � � 31 Livestock system transformation with an ecological leftovers approach � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 31 3.3 Food systems � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32 Reducing meat consumption based on healthy diets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 32 Reducing over-consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 33 Addressing food loss and waste � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 34 Reducing energy use from transport and heating in food systems � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 34 Food processing and refrigeration � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 35 Conclusions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 36 Toward a holistic vision of climate action � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 36 Policy recommendations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37 Glossary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 38 Bibliography � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 40 Acronyms AMP: Adaptive multi-paddock grazing BECCS: Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage CAFO: Concentrated animal feeding operations CFS: Committee on Food Security FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GHG: greenhouse gasses IPBES: Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change REDD+: Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation RFS: Renewable Fuel Standard SDGs: Sustainable Development Goals UNCCD: United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification UNFCCC: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change List of Figures Figure 1: The missing pathway: 1�5°C compatible actions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �4 respecting land rights; ecosystem integrity and food security� Figure 2: Indigenous and community lands across ����������������������������������������������6 64 countries store >293 gigatonnes of carbon� Figure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Missing Pathways to 1.5°C the Role of the Land Sector in Ambitious Climate Action
    Missing Pathways to 1.5°C The role of the land sector in ambitious climate action Climate ambition that safeguards land rights, biodiversity and food sovereignty CLARA Climate Land Ambition and Rights Alliance Missing Pathways to 1.5°C The role of the land sector in ambitious climate action Lead authors: Kate Dooley, Doreen Stabinsky. Contributing authors: Kelly Stone, Shefali Sharma, Teresa Anderson, Doug Gurian-Sherman, Peter Riggs. Editor: Mark Olden Design: Andy Omel Graphics: Ethan Cornell Cover photo: Rhett A. Butler / Mongabay Acknowledgements: Hanna Aho, Mary Booth, Dominick DellaSala, Alain Frechette, Lili Fuhr, Chloe Ginsburg, Jason Hill, Claire Hoolohan, Stephanie Keene, Cyril Kormos, Sara Lickel, Stephen Leonard, Brendan Mackey, Christopher Martius, Bernard Mercer, Hannah Mowat, Anne-Laure Sable, Linda Schneider, Christoph Thiess, Karin Ulmer, Virginia Young, Linde Zuidema. Citation: Dooley, K et al. (2018) Missing Pathways to 1.5°C: The role of the land sector in ambitious climate action. Climate Land Ambition and Rights Alliance. Available from: climatelandambitionrightsalliance.org/report Contact CLARA Media: Don Lehr (CLARA) / [email protected] / +1 917 304 4058 Mark Olden (Fern) / [email protected] / +44 7973884718 Sophia Har (ActionAid) / [email protected] / +1 651 815 1818 Network Coordination: Peter Riggs (Pivot Point) / [email protected] / +1 360 426 0959 Twitter: @CLARA_Alliance Table of Contents Acronyms � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 IPCC SRCCL
    Second Order Draft Chapter 1 IPCC SRCCL 1 Chapter 1: Framing and Context 2 3 Coordinating Lead Authors: Almut Arneth (Germany) and Fatima Denton (Gambia) 4 Lead Authors: Fahmuddin Agus (Indonesia), Aziz Elbehri (Morocco), Karheinz Erb (Italy), Balgis Osman 5 Elasha (Cote d’Ivoire), Mohammad Rahimi (Iran), Mark Rounsevell (United Kingdom), Adrian Spence 6 (Jamaica) and Riccardo Valentini (Italy) 7 Contributing Authors: Peter Alexander (United Kingdom), Yuping Bai (China), Ana Bastos (Portugal), 8 Niels Debonne (The Netherlands), Thomas Hertel (United States of America), Rafaela Hillerbrand 9 (Germany), Baldur Janz (Germany), Ilva Longva (United Kingdom), Patrick Meyfroidt (Belgium), Michael 10 O'Sullivan (United Kingdom) 11 Review Editors: Edvin Aldrian (Indonesia), Bruce McCarl (United States of America), Maria Jose Sanz 12 Sanchez (Spain) 13 Chapter Scientist: Yuping Bai (China), Baldur Janz (Germany) 14 Date of Draft: 16/11/2018 15 Do Not Cite, Quote or Distribute 1-1 Total pages: 87 Second Order Draft Chapter 1 IPCC SRCCL 1 Table of Contents 2 3 Chapter 1: Framing and Context .......................................................................................................... 1-1 4 Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 1-3 5 Introduction and scope of the report .......................................................................................... 1-5 6 Objectives and scope of the assessment ............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Trends of Land Degradation and Restoration and Associated Changes in Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functions
    IPBES/6/INF/1/Rev.1 Chapter 4 Status and trends of land degradation and restoration and associated changes in biodiversity and ecosystem functions Coordinating Lead Authors Stephen Prince (United States of America), Graham Von Maltitz (South Africa), Fengchun Zhang (China) Lead Authors Kenneth Byrne (Ireland), Charles Driscoll (United States of America), Gil Eshel (Israel), German Kust (Russian Federation), Cristina Martínez-Garza (Mexico), Jean Paul Metzger (Brazil), Guy Midgley (South Africa), David Moreno Mateos (Spain), Mongi Sghaier (Tunisia/OSS), San Thwin (Myanmar) Fellow Bernard Nuoleyeng Baatuuwie (Ghana) Contributing Authors Albert Bleeker (the Netherlands), Molly E. Brown (United States of America), Leilei Cheng (China), Kirsten Dales (Canada), Evan Andrew Ellicot (United States of America), Geraldo Wilson Fernandes (Brazil), Violette Geissen (the Netherlands), Panu Halme (Finland), Jim Harris (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Roberto Cesar Izaurralde (United States of America), Robert Jandl (Austria), Gensuo Jia (China), Guo Li (China), Richard Lindsay (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Giuseppe Molinario (United States of America), Mohamed Neffati (Tunisia), Margaret Palmer (United States of America), John Parrotta (United States of America), Gary Pierzynski (United States of America), Tobias Plieninger (Germany), Pascal Podwojewski (France), Bernardo Dourado Ranieri (Brazil), Mahesh Sankaran (India), Robert Scholes (South Africa), Kate Tully (United States of America), Ernesto F. Viglizzo (Argentina), Fei Wang (China), Nengwen Xiao (China), Qing Ying (China), Caiyun Zhao (China) Review Editors Chencho Norbu (Bhutan), Jim Reynolds (United States of America) This chapter should be cited as: Prince, S., Von Maltitz, G., Zhang, F., Byrne, K., Driscoll, C., Eshel, G., Kust, G., Martínez-Garza, C., Metzger, J.
    [Show full text]
  • Fast Retailing Policy on Wood-Derived Products and Forest
    Fast Retailing Responsible Product Policy: Wood-based Products and Forest Materials Ancient and endangered forests regulate our planet – providing clean air, fresh water, a stable climate and biodiversity. Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. and our brands including UNIQLO, Theory, GU, PLST, Helmut Lang, Comptoir des Cotonniers, Princess tam.tam and J Brand are committed to protecting the world’s ancient and endangered forests including efforts toward zero deforestation through our approach to procurement of wood- based fabrics, materials derived from forests, and/or manmade cellulosic fabrics. Conservation of Ancient and Endangered Forests and Ecosystems While it is commonly known that paper and wood come from forests, it is a little known fact that trees are being made into clothing. Fabrics originating from forest sources are almost exclusively referring to viscose (also known as rayon), and other fabrics are also covered in this “man-made cellulosic fabric” family. Fast Retailing Co., Ltd. is committed to undertaking reasonable efforts in the following: 1. Assess and map our existing use of forest materials and eliminate sourcing identified as coming from endangered species habitat and ancient and endangered forests. 2. Work to eliminate sourcing from companies that are logging forests illegally or tree plantations established after 1994, from areas being logged in contravention of indigenous and local peoples’ rights, and/or from other suppliers identified by Fast Retailing as controversial. 3. Should we learn that any of our forest materials are being sourced from ancient and endangered forests, endangered species habitat or through illegal logging, we will investigate our supply chain, engage our suppliers to change practices, and/or re-evaluate our relationship with them.
    [Show full text]
  • Cropland Restoration As an Essential Component to the Forest Landscape Restoration Approach—Global Effects of Wide-Scale Adoption
    IFPRI Discussion Paper 01682 October 2017 Cropland Restoration as an Essential Component to the Forest Landscape Restoration Approach—Global Effects of Wide-Scale Adoption Alessandro De Pinto, Richard Robertson, Salome Begeladze, Chetan Kumar, Ho-Young Kwon, Timothy Thomas, Nicola Cenacchi, and Jawoo Koo Environment and Production Technology Division INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), established in 1975, provides evidence-based policy solutions to sustainably end hunger and malnutrition and reduce poverty. The Institute conducts research, communicates results, optimizes partnerships, and builds capacity to ensure sustainable food production, promote healthy food systems, improve markets and trade, transform agriculture, build resilience, and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is considered in all of the Institute’s work. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world, including development implementers, public institutions, the private sector, and farmers’ organizations, to ensure that local, national, regional, and global food policies are based on evidence. AUTHORS Alessandro De Pinto ([email protected]) is a senior research fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC. Richard Robertson ([email protected]) is a research fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of IFPRI, Washington, DC. Salome Begeladze ([email protected]) is a programme officer for Forest Landscape Restoration in the Global Forest and Climate Change Programme of IUCN, Washington, DC. Chetan Kumar ([email protected]) is a manager, Landscape Restoration Science and Knowledge in the Global Forest and Climate Change Programme of IUCN, Washington, DC. Ho-Young Kwon ([email protected]) is a research fellow in the Environment and Production Technology Division of IFPRI, Washington, DC.
    [Show full text]
  • (CONUS) Land Cover Change with Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) M C
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research US Geological Survey 2014 Monitoring conterminous United States (CONUS) land cover change with Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) M C. Hansen University of Maryland, College Park, [email protected] A. Egorov South Dakota State University, [email protected] P V. Potapov University of Maryland, College Park S V. Stehman State University of New York A Tyukavina University of Maryland, College Park See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons, Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons Hansen, M C.; Egorov, A.; Potapov, P V.; Stehman, S V.; Tyukavina, A; Turubanova, S A.; Roy, D. P.; Goetz, S J.; Loveland, T R.; Ju, J; Kommareddy, A.; Kovalskyy, V.; Forsyth, C; and Bents, T, "Monitoring conterminous United States (CONUS) land cover change with Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD)" (2014). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 854. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/854 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- ubP lished Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors M C. Hansen, A. Egorov, P V. Potapov, S V. Stehman, A Tyukavina, S A. Turubanova, D. P. Roy, S J. Goetz, T R. Loveland, J Ju, A. Kommareddy, V. Kovalskyy, C Forsyth, and T Bents This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/854 Remote Sensing of Environment 140 (2014) 466–484 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Remote Sensing of Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rse Monitoring conterminous United States (CONUS) land cover change with Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD) M.C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Exceptional Value of Intact Forest Ecosystems 6 James E.M
    1 Re-submission to Nature Ecology and Evolution as a Perspective 2 3 RE: NATECOLEVOL-17072364A-Z_R3 4 5 The exceptional value of intact forest ecosystems 6 James E.M. Watson1, 2*, Tom Evans2*, Oscar Venter3, Brooke Williams1,2, Ayesha 7 Tulloch1, 2, Claire Stewart1, Ian Thompson4, Justina C. Ray5, Kris Murray6, Alvaro 8 Salazar2, Clive McAlpine2, Peter Potapov7, Joe Walston2, John Robinson2, Michael 9 Painter2, David Wilkie2, Christopher Filardi8, William F. Laurance9, Richard A. 10 Houghton10, Sean Maxwell1, Hedley Grantham1,2, Cristián Samper2, Stephanie 11 Wang2, Lars Laestadius11, Rebecca K. Runting1, Gustavo A. Silva-Chávez12, Jamison 12 Ervin13, David Lindenmayer14 13 1. School of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, 14 Queensland, 4072 Australia 15 16 2. Wildlife Conservation Society, Global Conservation Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 17 10460-1068, USA 18 19 3. Natural Resource and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, 20 Prince George, Canada, V2N 2M7 21 22 4. Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen St., Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada 23 24 5. Wildlife Conservation Society Canada, 344 Bloor St. West #204, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3AS7, 25 Canada 26 27 6. Imperial College London, The Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment and 28 Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London, UK 29 30 7. University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA 31 32 8. Division of Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, 33 New York USA 10024 34 35 9. Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Marine and 36 Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia 37 38 10.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intact Forest Landscapes 2000/2013/2016
    The Intact Forest Landscapes 2000/2013/2016 The IFL Mapping Team, May 2018 www.intactforests.org Product description An Intact Forest Landscape (IFL) is an unbroken expanse of natural ecosystems within the current forest extent, with no remotely detected signs of human activity, and large enough that all native biodiversity, including viable populations of wide-ranging species, could be maintained. For the purposes of our global assessment, an IFL is defined as a territory which contains forest and non-forest ecosystems minimally influenced by human activity, with (i) an area of at least 500 km2 (50,000 ha), (ii) a minimum width of 10 km (measured as the diameter of a circle that could be entirely inscribed within the boundaries of the territory), and (iii) a minimum corridor/appendage width of 2 km. Areas with the evidence of certain types of human influence are considered disturbed or fragmented and consequently not eligible for inclusion in the IFL. Specifically, we excluded from the IFL areas which in the last 30-70 years were affected by industrial activities (e.g. logging, mining, oil and gas exploration and extraction) or by stand-replacement fires in the vicinity of transport infrastructure or resource extraction sites, or which were cleared for agriculture or transformed into tree plantations. Settlements and infrastructure (including roads, navigable rivers, power lines, and pipelines) are excluded with a buffer zone of 1 km. Low-intensity and old (> 70 years) disturbances are treated as a "background" influence, and don’t lead to exclusion of the area from the IFL. Sources of background influence include historic (abandoned) shifting cultivation activities, diffuse grazing by domestic animals, low-intensity selective logging (without road infrastructure), and hunting.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Sciences
    A Comprehensive Book on Environmentalism Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction to Environmentalism Chapter 2 - Environmental Movement Chapter 3 - Conservation Movement Chapter 4 - Green Politics Chapter 5 - Environmental Movement in the United States Chapter 6 - Environmental Movement in New Zealand & Australia Chapter 7 - Free-Market Environmentalism Chapter 8 - Evangelical Environmentalism Chapter 9 -WT Timeline of History of Environmentalism _____________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES _____________________ A Comprehensive Book on Enzymes Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Introduction to Enzyme Chapter 2 - Cofactors Chapter 3 - Enzyme Kinetics Chapter 4 - Enzyme Inhibitor Chapter 5 - Enzymes Assay and Substrate WT _____________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES _____________________ A Comprehensive Introduction to Bioenergy Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Bioenergy Chapter 2 - Biomass Chapter 3 - Bioconversion of Biomass to Mixed Alcohol Fuels Chapter 4 - Thermal Depolymerization Chapter 5 - Wood Fuel Chapter 6 - Biomass Heating System Chapter 7 - Vegetable Oil Fuel Chapter 8 - Methanol Fuel Chapter 9 - Cellulosic Ethanol Chapter 10 - Butanol Fuel Chapter 11 - Algae Fuel Chapter 12 - Waste-to-energy and Renewable Fuels Chapter 13 WT- Food vs. Fuel _____________________ WORLD TECHNOLOGIES _____________________ A Comprehensive Introduction to Botany Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Botany Chapter 2 - History of Botany Chapter 3 - Paleobotany Chapter 4 - Flora Chapter 5 - Adventitiousness and Ampelography Chapter 6 - Chimera (Plant) and Evergreen Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • ROOTS of PROSPERITY the Economics and Finance of Restoring Land
    Embargoed for December 19th, 2017 9 AM CET / 3 AM EST. Embargoed for December 19th, 2017 9 AM CET / 3 AM EST. Embargoed for December 19th, 2017 9 AM CET / 3 AM EST. ROOTS OF PROSPERITY The Economics and Finance of Restoring Land HELEN DING, SOFIA FARUQI, ANDREW WU, JUAN CARLOS ALTAMIRANO, ANDRÉS ANCHONDO ORTEGA, MICHAEL VERDONE, RENÉ ZAMORA CRISTALES, ROBIN CHAZDON, AND WALTER VERGARA WRI.ORG Roots of Prosperity: The Economics and Finance of Restoring Land i Embargoed for December 19th, 2017 9 AM CET / 3 AM EST. Design and layout by: Julie Moretti [email protected] ii WRI.org Embargoed for December 19th, 2017 9 AM CET / 3 AM EST. Embargoed for December 19th, 2017 9 AM CET / 3 AM EST. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Foreword 3 Executive Summary 9 Introduction 10 Purpose of This Report 11 Why Is Land Degradation a Problem? 11 How Can Degraded Land Be Restored? 15 Overcoming Barriers to the Financing of Forest and Landscape Restoration 16 State of Play: Current Financing for Landscape Restoration 17 Financing Institutions and Instruments 18 What Stymies Investment in Restoration? 34 Recommendations 37 Estimating the Full Set of Benefits and Costs of Forest and Landscape Restoration 40 Distinguishing between Private and Public Benefits 41 Using Economic Analysis to Inform Decision-Making on Restoration 58 Recommendations 61 Conclusions 65 References 72 Endnotes 73 Abbreviations 74 Acknowledgments Roots of Prosperity: The Economics and Finance of Restoring Land iii Embargoed for December 19th, 2017 9 AM CET / 3 AM EST. iv WRI.org Embargoed for December 19th, 2017 9 AM CET / 3 AM EST.
    [Show full text]
  • Interim Guidance for the Delineation* Intact Forest Landscapes (IFL)
    ® Forest Stewardship Council FSC® Canada Interim Guidance for the Delineation* Intact Forest Landscapes (IFL) May 25, 2017 Document status This Interim Guidance for delineating Intact Forest Landscapes (IFLs) aims to support company implementation of FSC’s Advice Note of the implementation of Motion 65(Appendix A). The Interim Guidance is provided prior to the approval of Canada’s National Forest Stewardship Standard (NFSS) expected to be released in early 2018. Following the release of the NFSS, additional Phase II work in developing an integrated approach for intact forests and Indigenous Cultural landscapes will continue into 2018. The Interim Guidance is based on 2 years of discussions and testing with companies in addition to input from technical experts. The FSC Canada Standard Development Group, the cross- chamber group responsible for recommending approval to the FSC Canada Board of Directors has reviewed and supports the Interim Guidance. It is anticipated that refined versions of the guidance will be developed in the coming year. Revisions to the direction may address topics such as buffer widths and amount of non-forests eligible for inclusion, based on further investigation of scientifically-appropriate measures. The Guidance is compatible with FSC International direction for the identification of IFLs. *'Delineation' as it is used in this document refers to the precise demarcation an IFL - in other words defining it with lines on a map. Several considerations need to be addressed in order for an IFL to be identified on a map; constraints regarding size, shape, proximity to anthropogenic disturbances etc. are dealt with in this document in order to provide clear instructions so that IFLs can be spatially demarked.
    [Show full text]
  • International Generic Indicators
    International Generic Indicators FSC-STD-60-004 V1-1 EN Title: International Generic Indicators Document reference code: FSC-STD-60-004 V1-1 EN Approval body: FSC Board of Directors Contact for comments: FSC International Center - Policy and Standards Unit - Charles-de-Gaulle-Str. 5 53113 Bonn, Germany +49-(0)228-36766-0 +49-(0)228-36766-30 [email protected] © 20157 Forest Stewardship Council, A.C. All rights reserved. FSC® F000100 No part of this work covered by the publisher’s copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, recording taping, or information retrieval systems) without the written permission of the publisher. Printed copies of this document are for reference only. Please refer to the electronic copy on the FSC website (www.fsc.org) to ensure you are referring to the latest version. INTERNATIONAL GENERIC INDICATORS FSC-STD-60-004 V1-1 EN The Forest Stewardship Council® (FSC) is an independent, not for profit, non- government organization established to support environmentally appropriate, socially beneficial, and economically viable management of the world's forests. FSC’s vision is that the world’s forests meet the social, ecological, and economic rights and needs of the present generation without compromising those of future generations. FSC-STD-60-004 V1-1 EN INTERNATIONAL GENERIC INDICATORS - 2 of 93 - FSC-STD-60-004 V1-1 EN INTERNATIONAL GENERIC INDICATORS - 3 of 93 - Content A Objective B Scope C Effective date D References
    [Show full text]