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SITE SPECIFIC WILDLIFE CONSERVATION / MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR TIRINGPAHAR MANGANESE MINES OF TATA STEEL LIMITED DISTRICT: KEONJHAR, ODISHA

Prepared by:

P . K . SARANGI, IFS (Retd.) S . K . RAY, OFS (I) (Retd.) B . R . DAS, OFS (I) (Retd.

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CONTENTS

Sl Sub Particulars Page No. .No. Sl. 1 Executive Summary 1 2 Preamble 6 Chapter ʹ 1 Introduction Project:- /ƚ͛ƐĂƌĞĂĂŶĚŝŵƉĂĐƚĂƌĞĂ A Location of the project and its impact area 8 i Forest Block, Beat, Forest Range etc 8 Ii Extent of Project area. 9 Iii Land Schedule of Project area 9 iv Proposed land use pattern of Project area 9 v GPS co-ordinates of Project area 11 vi Status of statutory clearances ʹ Forest Diversion 11 Proposal, Environment Clearance, Mining Plan, SPCB. B Villages and habitation within the Project area and Project impact 13 area i Villages and habitation profile 13 ii Demographic profile 13 iii Occupational profile 16 iv Existing cropping pattern 17 v Extent of biotic pressure of villages on forest resource. 17 vi NTFP collection, Method of collection and impact on 18 Wildlife vii Cattle population and grazing habit. 18 C Geo-morphology of Project area and Project impact area. 18 i Description of Topography 18 ii Drainage pattern 19 iii Water bodies - natural and manmade 20 D Linear infrastructure in the Project area and Project Impact area 20

i Road, Railway, Water ways, Canals and other 20 developmental structure. ii Impact of linear infrastructures on movement of mega 21 fauna. iii Possible ameliorative measures for movement of mega 21 fauna. iv Details of water reservoirs, vertical mining pits and 21 unguarded dug well in the Project area and Project impact area. v Available safeguards and proposed safeguards. 23 E Description of flora and fauna in Project area and Project impact 23

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i Details of available flora & fauna. 23 ii Details of ETS (Endemic, threatened & scheduled) Flora. 34 iii Details of ETS (Endemic, threatened & scheduled) 34 Fauna. F Description of forest and habitation 34

i Forest type and ecological setup. 34 ii Wildlife habitat and prevailing wildlife scenario. 36 iii Wildlife census result (if any) Tiger, Elephant, Water 36 fowl etc. G Movement of mega Wildlife in impact area. 37 i Information on Wildlife movement (Last 3 years and 37 current year) ii Wildlife movement map 37 H Man-Animal Conflict 37 i Information on Wildlife depredation in Project area and 37 Project impact area. ii Man-Animal conflict map. 41 iii Possible trend in Man-Animal conflict due to project 41 implementation. I Survey of Working Plan prescriptions fir management of forest and 41 wildlife in the Project area and Project impact area. i Prescription of Working Plan for project and project 41 impact area. ii Status of implementation of the prescription. 67 J Indicative Plan 67 i Other Projects proposed / operating in the impact zone. 67 ii Summary of mitigate measures proposed in the 68 Conservation Plan of proposed / operating Projects. K Detailed study report of Project and Project Impact area. 69

i List of Experts involved in the study 69 Ii Sites visited. 69 Iii Period of study / duration of study. 69 iv Methodology and sampling procedure. 70 v Findings 71

Chapter ʹ 2 Project Impact A Project impact on Environment. 72 i Impact on soil. 73 ii Impact on vegetation. 73

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Iii Impact on water regime. 74 iv Impact on air 75 B Pollutants ʹ Quantum and Impact 76 i Soil 77 Ii Air 78 iii Water 78 iv Vegetation 78 v Animals 78 C Anticipated Degradation of Forest Resource 79 i Model adopted for quantification of anticipated 79 degradation. ii Qualitative changes in Wildlife habitat pattern. 79 D Perceived threats due to Project implementation. 80 i Threat to forest flora. 80 ii Threat to forest fauna. 80 E Vehicular traffic and its impact. 81 i Probable increase on flora & fauna. 81 ii Impact on flora & fauna. 82 F Pollution and its impact 82

i Noise Pollution 82 ii Water Pollution 83 iii Air Pollution 83 iv Underground pollution 84 v Probable impact on flora and fauna. 84 G Study and observation 85

i Experts visited 85 ii Areas visited 85 iii Duration of visits 85 iv Observations 85 v Records referred to 85 vi Sampling methods adopted 86 vii Justification in extrapolation 88

Chapter ʹ 3 Management objectives and mitigation strategies. i Objectives of management to address issues of Wildlife 89 Conservation. ii Strategies to mitigate the adverse impact on Wildlife. 89

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Chapter ʹ 4 Proposed management strategies within the Project site. A Intervention inside Project area. 93 B Location of proposed intervention. (location map to be superimposed 104 on proposed land use plan) C Provision of EMP for the project with overlapping interventions. 104 D Flow chart of intervention over 10 years span. 105 E Financial Forecast 106 Chapter ʹ 5 Proposed Management strategies within project impact zone A Intervention to be adopted by DFO. 107 i Habitat improvement 107 ii Man-Animal conflict mitigation 109 iii Measures to facilitate movement of mega fauna across 110 man made linear infrastructure. B Location of proposed intervention (location map with linear 112 structure) C Monitoring & evaluation 112 D Flow chart of interventions over 10 years span 112 E Undertaking for preparation of subsequent plan in continuation to 112 subsisting plan (When lease period exceeds (10 years) this plan period).

F Cumulative total of interventions proposed for the Project area and 113 Project impact area. Financial Forecast 114 Chapter ʹ 6 Enclosures and Appendices

A Maps (1 : 50,000) 115 i Existing land use plan maps of the project. PLATE ʹ 1

ii Proposed land use plan maps of the project. PLATE ʹ 2

iii Location map of other Proposals in the impact area. PLATE ʹ 3 iv Location Map w.r.t. PA, Elephant Corridors and PLATE ʹ 4 Elephant Reserves, ESZ etc. along with linear infrastructures. v Location map of interventions in Project / Project PLATE ʹ 5 impact area. vi Location map of Man-Animal conflicts. PLATE ʹ 6

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B Copy of Relevant orders 115

01 Copy of approval letter of Mining Plan, Letter Annexure ʹ I No.MSM/OTFM/66-ORI/BHU/2011-12 dated 13.04.2012. 02 Copy of ͞ŽŶƐĞŶƚ ƚŽ KƉĞƌĂƚĞ͟ KE^Ed KZZ EK͘ ϭϭϱ Annexure ʹ II communicated in Letter No. 7251/IND-I-CON-190 dated 12.04.2012 of State Pollution Control Board, Odisha. 03 Copy of Environmental Clearance, Letter No. J- Annexure ʹ III 11015/87/2004-IA.II(M), Dt. 17.09.2005 of MoEF, Government of India. 04 Copy of the GoI, MoEF letter F.No. 8-80/2004-FC dated Annexure ʹ IV 28.03.2007 communicating approval of the diversion of 52.348 ha of forest land. C Cost Schedules. 116

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i. The Tiringpahar Manganese Mines Site Specific Wild Life Conservation Plan is prepared in compliance of Environment Clerance (EC) Condition No. xiv stipulated by Govt. of India, Ministry of Environment and Forest, in their Letter No. J-11015/87/2004-IA.II(M), Dt. 17.11.2005. ii. Tiringpahar Manganese Mines were having original area of 643.71 ha. Now the project proponent has restricted the mining activities over 169.000 ha. Out of the total area of 169.000 ha. the forest land covers an area of 68.914 ha. iii. The Govt. of India has approved diversion of 52.348 ha. of Forest Land vide their Letter No. F.No. 8-80/2004-FC dated 28.03.2007. iv. The location of the ML area is as follows:

State Orissa District Keonjhar Sub-division Champua Taluka Barbil

Villages Gurda, Palasha, Khondbandh & Jaribahal

Project Area 169.00 ha Topo sheet No. F-45-N-5 v. The project area is connected by all weather motorable road of 03km span to Barbil- Keonjhar State Highway No.-10. The nearest railway station is at Bansapani at a distance of 08 km connected by Tata-Barbil branch railway line on South-eastern railway at Padapahar. vi. Tiringpahar leasehold area is located in the central gentle slope. The leasehold area has two hillocks on Northern and Southern part with a valley like region in between. Highest elevation at the hillocks is around 700 MSL whereas the central valley is at 640 MSL.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 1

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines vii. The climate is tropical with a very hot summer, the temperature during summer rises very high. The maximum temperature rises to 42°C in hot summer where as the minimum temperature is 7°C during winter months. viii. The existing Forest kissam lands can be classified as Moist Peninsular valley Sal. ix. The project area does not form a part of any National Park or Sanctuary or Critical Wild Life habitat. No protected area is situated in the vicinity or within the Impact area of 10 km radius. x. The project area is an existing mine. No important wild animals are noticed in the area as there is no substantial vegetation. There is no endangered Flora and Fauna within project area. In the Impact area the important Schedule-I fauna found are Sloth bear, Elephant and Python. xi. The process of mining will be opencast, fully mechanized method with drilling and blasting. xii. The Mega wild animals like elephants have been found approaching Baitarani, Sidhamath RFs & its vicinity forests. xiii. There are no new man made infrastructures for the project or due to the project in the project impact area. xiv. The Impact as perceived due to the project operation are:

ƒ Reduction of wild life habitat ƒ Soil erosion ƒ Water pollution & water scarcity ƒ Dust hazards ƒ Noise disturbance ƒ Lighting problems ƒ Garbage problems ƒ Physical threats such as fall of animals in the pits, poaching etc. ƒ Forest fire

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

The management plan has addressed all the above threats and tried to minimize such threats. xv. PROJECT AREA

1. In the process of habitat restoration dump stabilization will be done over 21.996 ha by planting of grasses and local tree spacies. Fencing, protection & regeneration of the safety zone area (7.50 mt strip all along the outer boundary of the mining lease area) shall be maintained with vegetative cover and plantation.

2. Proper mitigative measures to minimize soil erosion and chocking of streams to be done by providing garland drains around the dumps. Rain water to be channeled through easy gradient drains provided with check dams to minimize soil erosion.

3. Dust control to be done by regular sprinkling of water on haul roads, at the time of loading and unloading, wet drilling practice and provision of dust arresting system in dust generating equipments.

4. Water pollution will be checked by diverting the water to pass through garland drains and settling pits and subsequently coused to natural drainage in the area.

5. Garbage will be disposed of through efficient garbage management methods.

6. Fall of animals in to the mine pits is checked by providing solar electric fencing around the mine pit.

7. A person will be engaged for anti-poaching and anti depredation duties.

8. A vehicle will be hired for movement of Rapid Response Team.

9. Awareness will be created around the project area for protection of wildlife.

10. Health camps and Cattle Immunization camps will be organized in the forest fringe villages.

11. Total amount porposedto be spent within the project area is Rs. 35.70 lakhs.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines xvi. PROJECT IMPACT AREA

Management/Restoration of habitat

a. Assisted Natural Regeneration with gap plantation and Silvicultural operations over 200.00 ha at a cost of Rs. 58.10 lakhs.

b. Soil & Moisture conservation activities like Check dams and percolation pits will be taken up within the treatment area. An amount of Rs.13.30 lakhs proposed for the same.

c. One large Water body will be renovated and maintained through out the plan period of 10 years at a cost of Rs. 13.30 lakhs, to provide water for the animals throughout the year within the treatment area.

d. Salt Licks will be maintained at a cost of Rs. 5.99 lakhs at identified locations.

Prevention of Forest fire

e. Forest Fire will be prevented by deployment of 05 numbers of Fire Watchers and clearing of 10 kms of fire lines annually along with cost of fire fighting equipments with a total expenditure of Rs. 23.70 lakhs.

Wildlife protection and Anti-depredation

f. Provision of Corpus Fund of Rs. 15.00 lakhs for quick settlement of compassionate grants.

g. Grain Bins will be supplied to the villagers of the affected area.

h. Deployment of Antipoaching-cum-Antidepredation Squad (consisting of 05 members) with an expenditure of Rs. 36.00 lakhs.

i. An amount of Rs.5.00 lakhs is proposed to be provided for logistics such as transport, equipments, camping facilities etc.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

j. Solar powered electric fencing will be taken up around the affected villages and the proposed cost is Rs. 10.00 lakhs.

k. Awareness will be created in Forest fringe villages. Training and capacity building will also be taken up. Proposed expenditure is Rs.5.00 lakhs.

Monitoring

l. Intelligence will be collected through engagement of informers and decoys. An amount of Rs. 05.00 lakhs will be provided for the purpose.

m. The implementation of this Plan needs to be monitored and evaluated at regular intervals. Such monitoring and evaluation can be undertaken along with the Wildlife Management Plans of the adjoining areas. The user agency proposes to contribute Rs. 5.00 lakhs for the purpose.

n. Escalaltion cost will be 20% of the total cost is Rs. 38.56 lakhs. xvii. The proposed cost for implementation of this plan is Rs. 276.17 lakhs out of which the project proponent will take up the activities for Rs.35.70 lakhs and the Forest Department will take up various measures for Rs. 240.47 lakhs including 20% escalation charges. This amount of Rs. 240.47 lakhs will be deposited with the Forest Deptt. xviii. This plan is prepared for a period of 10 years and after completion of the plan period the objectives as well as the achievements will be reviewed, and further steps as required will be taken. However interim revision can also be made basing on the actual need. xix. As a number of mines are situated around the lease area it is desirable to prepare a comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Plan for the entire area.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

PREAMBLE

The mining lease was originally granted in 1930. The second renewal for a period of 20 years over an area of 643.71 ha has expired on 29.2.2000. TISCO has subsequently applied for third renewal of the lease over reduced area of 169 ŚĂ ;'ƵƌƵĚĂ ďůŽĐŬͿ ĨŽƌ ϮϬ LJĞĂƌƐ ǀŝĚĞ d/^K͛Ɛ >ĞƚƚĞƌ EŽ Dͬ>Kͬϯϯϲͬϴϲϵ ĚĂƚĞĚ 31.12.1998.

x The lease was originally granted in favour of M/s Tata Steel Limited (TSL) in 1930.

x The 2nd renewal for a period of 20 years over an area of 643.710 ha has expired on dated 29.02.2000.

x M/s. TSL has applied for third renewal of the lease for 20 years over reduced mining lease area of 169.000 ha as agaist 643.710 ha vide TISCO Letter No. MD/LO/336/869 dated 31.12.1998.

x The break up of the reduced M.L area is given below.

Reserved Forest - 0.000 ha.

Khesra Forest - 10.392 ha.

DLC Forest - 58.522 ha.

Total Forest Land 68.914 ha.

Non forest land 100.086 ha.

Total Project Area 169.000 ha.

x Out of the total area of 169.000 ha, the MoEF, Govt. of India approved Stage-II Clearance 52.348 ha vide their Letter No. F.No. 8-80/2004-FC dated 28.03.2007 ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶƚŚĂƚ͕͞The quantum of utilization of Forest land as well as the non forest land will remain the same during the current mining plan͟.

x After further exploration, additional area will be put to mining activities.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines CHAPTER- I INTRODUCTION PROJECT: ITS AREA & IMPACT AREA

The proposed project is for expansion of Tiringpahar Manganese Mines (0.43 LTPA to 0.85 LPTA) of M/s The Tata Iron & Steel Company Limited (TISCL) located in villages Guruda, Plasha, Khondbond & Jaribahal under Barbil Tahasil of Keonjhar District, Orissa.

A) Location of the Project and its impact area : i. Forest block, Beat, Forest Range etc.

¾ Forest Range: The project area falls under Champua Forest Range of Keonjhar Forest Division.

¾ Forest Sections: The project area fall within Joda Forest Section.

¾ Forest Beat: Khondbondh

¾ Forest Block:

Project area: No Reserved Forest.

Project Impact area: RF such as Baitarani (A & B), Sidhamath & Chamakpur PF.

State Orissa District Keonjhar Sub-division Champua Taluka Barbil Villages Gurda, Palasha, Khondbandh & Jaribahal Project Area 169.00 ha Topo sheet No. F-45-N-5 x Road: The project area is connected by all weather motorable road of 03km span to Barbil-Keonjhar State Highway No.-10.

x Railway: The nearest railway station is at Bansapani at a distance of 08km connected by Tata-Barbil branch railway line on South-eastern railway at Padapahar.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines ii. Extent of Project area

The total project area is 169.00 ha out of which Reserved Forest area is NIL, Khesra forest 10.392 ha and DLC forest is 58.522 ha thus making a total of 68.914 ha of Forest Land. iii. Land schedule of Project area

The project area spreads in three patches with the following area.

Reserved Forest - 0.00 ha. Khesra Forest - 10.392 ha. DLC Forest - 58.522 ha. Total Forest Land 68.914 ha. Non forest land 100.086 ha. Total Project Area 169.000 ha. iv. Proposed land use pattern of Project area

The mining lease was originally granted in 1930. The second renewal for a period of 20 years over an area of 643.71 ha has expired on 29.2.2000. TISCO has subsequently applied for third renewal of the lease over reduced area of 169 ŚĂ ;'ƵƌƵĚĂ ďůŽĐŬͿ ĨŽƌ ϮϬ LJĞĂƌƐ ǀŝĚĞ d/^K͛Ɛ ůĞƚƚĞƌ EŽ Dͬ>Kͬϯϯϲͬϴϲϵ ĚĂƚĞĚ 31.12.1998.

Existing Land use Pattern

Area in ha. Sl. Purpose Non No. Forest Total Forest 1 Mining 36.552 44.115 80.667 2 Storing Mineral / Ore 4.560 7.000 11.560 3 Dumping of overburden 9.636 12.360 21.996

3 A Stacking of Sub- Grade Minerals & Top Soil 0.000 0.000 0.000

4 Storing of tools & machineries 0.000 0.000 0.000 Construction of Building, Power Station, 5 0.000 0.450 0.450 Workshop

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Area in ha. Sl. Purpose Non No. Forest Total Forest 6 Township, Housing, Colony 0.000 0.000 0.000 Construction of Road, Ropeway, Railway 7 1.600 2.178 3.778 Line 8 Magazine 0.000 0.000 0.000 Sub Total 52.348 66.103 118.451 9 Safety Zone 1.958 3.505 5.463 Grand Total 54.306 69.608 123.914

Proposed Land Use pattern

Sl. Area in ha. Purpose No. Forest Non Forest Total

1 Mining 46.134 55.233 101.367 2 Storing Mineral / Ore 8.596 8.554 17.150 3 Dumping of overburden 9.636 12.360 21.996 Stacking of Sub- Grade Minerals & Top 3 A 0.000 15.865 15.865 Soil 4 Storing of tools & machineries 0.000 0.000 0.000 Construction of Building, Power Station, 5 0.000 1.761 1.761 Workshop 6 Township, Housing, Colony 0.000 0.000 0.000 Construction of Road, Ropeway, 7 1.780 2.178 3.958 Railway Line 8 Magazine 0.000 0.000 0.000 Sub Total 66.146 95.951 162.097 9 Safety Zone 2.768 4.135 6.903 Grand Total 68.914 100.086 169.000

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines v. GPS Co-ordinates of the project area:

The project area can be located on Topo-Sheet Nos. F-45-N-5.

GPS Coordinates Longitude Latitude North ϴϱ϶Ϯϯ͛ϱϳ͘ϴϭϬϯϲ͟ Ϯϭ϶ϱϲ͛ϭϬ͘ϲϲϲϳϮ͟ East ϴϱ϶Ϯϰ͛ϭϬ͘ϳϲϯϱϯ͟ Ϯϭ϶ϱϱ͛ϰϱ͘ϱϵϮϯϰ͟ South ϴϱ϶Ϯϯ͛ϯϴ͘ϳϵϬϳϯ͟ Ϯϭ϶ϱϰ͛ϱϮ͘ϵϯϵϵϭ͟ West ϴϱ϶Ϯϯ͛ϮϬ͘ϴϴϬϱϯ͟ Ϯϭ϶ϱϱ͛ϯϰ͘ϳϴϴϭϳ͟ vi. Status of Statutory Clearance:

x Status of Lease:

The lease was obtained in the year 1930, but is in operation since 8th Feb 1972. The second renewal for a period of 20 years over an area of 643.71 ha has expired on 29.2.2000. TISCO has subsequently applied for third renewal of the lease over reduced area of 169 ha (Gurda block) for 20 years.

Forest diversion proposal under the Forest Conservation Act, 1980 for diversification of 52.348 ha of forest land for mining and allied purposes, has been submitted to State forest department in Keonjhar. Mining plan report as required under Rule 24 A of MCR, 1960 has been approved by Indian Bureau of Mines.

x Status of Mining Plan:

The modification of approved scheme of mining of Tiringpahar Manganese Mines alongwith Progressive Mine Closure Plan (PMCP), over an area of 643.710ha, in Keonjhar district of Odisha was approved and communicated by the Regional Controller of Mines (IBM), Bhubaneswar vide their Letter No. MSM/OTFM/66-ORI/BHU/2011-12 dated 13.04.2012. This approval under rule 10 of MCDR, 1988 is valid from 2011-12 to 2014-15 in continuation to

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

their approval for scheme of mining Letter No. MS/OTF-MECH/21- ORI/BHU/2010-11 dated 09.07.2010.

x Status of Forest Diversion Proposal:

In response to the proposal given by the Govt. of Orissa, F & E Deptt., Letter No. 10F(Cons)90/2004/14459/F&E dated 23.09.2004, and after receipt of compliance of various conditions submitted by the Govt. of Odisha, F&E Deptt. In their Letter No. 10F(Cons)90/2004/3397/F&E dated 02.03.2007, the GoI, MoEF approved the diversion of 52.348 ha of forest land vide their letter F.No. 8-80/2004-FC dated 28.03.2007.

x Status of Environmental Clearance:

The Environmental clearance has been issued vide their Letter No. J-11015/87/2004- IA.II(M) dated 17th November 2005 of the Govt. of India, MoEF for expansion from 0.43 LTPA to 0.85 LTPA Manganese ore of M/s. The Tata Iron & Steel Company Limited located in the villages of Guruda, Plasha, Khondbond & Jaribahal under Barbil Tahsil. The specific condition laid down in the said EC at condition No. (xiv) is: ͞ ŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ WůĂŶ ĨŽƌ ĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚ ĨĂƵŶĂ ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐ ƚŚĞ /ŶĚŝĂŶ Elephant found in and around the mine area shall be prepared and implemented in consultation with identified agencies / institutions and with the State Forest Department. The Plan should be dove tailed with that prepared / under implementation / proposed for endangered fauna found in the Reserved Forests in the buffer zone of the project site. The costs for the specific activities / tasks should be earmarked in the Conservation Plan and shall not be diverted for any other purpose. Year wise status of the implementation of the Plan and the expenditure there on should be reported to the Ministry of Environment & Forests, R.O, BhubanĞƐǁĂƌ͘͟

x State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) consent order:

The SPCB, Orissa, Bhubaneswar accorded necessary consent order vide CONSENT ORDER NO. 115 communicated in Letter No. 7251 dated 12.04.2012 for the Tiringpahar Manganese Mines of TATA STEEL LTD. The

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

aforesaid consent order has allowed 0.085 MTPA Manganese Ore production in the aforesaid mines.

B. Villages and habitation within the Project area and Project Impact area:

i. Villages and habitation profile

Project area: There are four villages within the project area e.g. Gurda, Palasha, Khondbandh & Jaribahal.

No population of the project area in the villages is affected by the mining project. Hence no displacement is required.

Project Impact area: The Impact area within a radius of 10 kms spread over 26 Census villages.

Sl. No. Name of Village Sl. No. Name of Village 1 Kamargoda 14 Gurudacamp 2 Banspal 15 Palasa 3 Bholabeda 16 Jajanga 4 Jalahari 17 Bhandaridiha 5 Khadabandha 18 Jamunaposi 6 Langalakanti 19 Kundaposi(Kunaposi) 7 Jadibahal 20 Belda 8 Kamalpur 21 Pidhapokhari 9 Bandhuabeda 22 Unchabali 10 Kolhabarapada 23 Kalimati 11 Chormalda 24 Jaganathapur 12 Kamalangi 25 Nayagarh 13 Guruda 26 Katupali

ii. Demographic profile.

The impact area comprises of 26 villages. The population structure of these villages are furnished below:

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Total number Population Sl. No. Name of Villages of households Total Male Female

1 Kamargoda 250 1141 570 571 2 Banspal 325 1589 766 823 3 Bholabeda 395 1967 979 988 4 Jalahari 746 3021 1576 1445 5 Khadabandha 266 1163 595 568 6 Langalakanti 103 562 277 285 7 Jadibahal 358 1266 661 605 8 Kamalpur 165 706 362 344 9 Bandhuabeda 96 476 235 241 10 Kolhabarapada 372 1601 791 810 11 Chormalda 99 445 225 220 12 Kamalangi 100 464 232 232 13 Guruda 249 1108 603 505 14 Gurudacamp 58 249 138 111 15 Palasa 96 508 247 261 16 Jajanga 1448 5799 3111 2688 17 Bhandaridiha 66 265 130 135 18 Jamunaposi 35 155 78 77 19 Kundaposi(Kunaposi) 180 802 420 382 20 Belda 187 875 431 444 21 Pidhapokhari 119 552 274 278 22 Unchabali 199 948 458 490 23 Kalimati 118 647 317 330 24 Jaganathapur 85 409 218 191 25 Nayagarh 250 1139 551 588 26 Katupali 101 439 231 208 Total 6466 28296 14476 13820

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Schedule Cast Schedule Tribe Sl. No. Name of the Villages Male Female Male Female

1 Kamargoda 0 0 564 566 2 Banspal 61 68 649 702 3 Bholabeda 72 75 775 774 4 Jalahari 355 363 799 711 5 Khadabandha 64 61 410 418 6 Langalakanti 3 3 187 186 7 Jadibahal 41 37 448 428 8 Kamalpur 24 28 172 149 9 Bandhuabeda 0 0 235 241 10 Kolhabarapada 127 114 474 533 11 Chormalda 28 26 180 177 12 Kamalangi 0 0 123 117 13 Guruda 44 40 462 424 14 Gurudacamp 32 30 40 23 15 Palasa 0 0 247 261 16 Jajanga 350 346 1943 1735 17 Bhandaridiha 4 3 68 70 18 Jamunaposi 0 0 34 33 19 Kundaposi(Kunaposi) 40 33 222 207 20 Belda 20 25 354 363 21 Pidhapokhari 0 0 219 224 22 Unchabali 4 6 316 332 23 Kalimati 0 0 317 330 24 Jaganathapur 0 0 210 185 25 Nayagarh 54 63 484 517 26 Katupali 0 0 66 76 Total 1323 1321 9998 9782

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines Category of Population:

Total population of the impact area villages is 28,296 nos. with average household size being 4 - 5 members. Average sex ratio in the study area village is 955 females per 1000 males. Majority of the villages were tribal dominated with percentage of ST and SC population is 69.90 and 9.34 respectively.

Literacy

The average literacy rate of the buffer area villages as per Census 2001 was 34.05% and average male and female literacy rate were 23.14% and 10.91% respectively. iii. Occupational profile:

The occupational profile of the villages within the impact area is described as follows:

Main Worker Marginal Worker Non Worker S.N Village Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 Kamargoda 286 103 30 108 254 360 2 Banspal 345 30 78 222 343 571 3 Bholabeda 428 94 86 212 465 682 4 Jalahari 732 364 67 22 777 1059 5 Khadabandha 307 115 4 1 284 452 6 Langalakanti 170 34 5 4 102 247 7 Jadibahal 410 257 15 30 236 318 8 Kamalpur 166 34 24 84 172 226 9 Bandhuabeda 90 2 16 0 129 239 10 Kolhabarapada 245 77 114 79 432 654 11 Chormalda 94 8 13 5 118 207 12 Kamalangi 110 47 18 42 104 143 13 Guruda 351 153 6 4 246 348 14 Gurudacamp 67 13 9 0 62 98 15 Palasa 112 117 24 29 111 115

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

16 Jajanga 1732 693 48 107 1331 1888 17 Bhandaridiha 66 20 6 42 58 73 18 Jamunaposi 41 9 0 9 37 59 19 Kundaposi (Kunaposi) 225 99 2 3 193 280 20 Belda 124 4 101 74 206 366 21 Pidhapokhari 119 9 12 21 143 248 22 Unchabali 213 99 32 123 213 268 23 Kalimati 158 5 7 171 152 154 24 Jaganathapur 101 25 7 55 110 111 25 Nayagarh 279 166 52 182 220 240 26 Katupali 86 5 45 21 100 182 Total 7057 2582 821 1650 6598 9588 Percentage 42.79 27.84 14.95

As per the Census 2001 findings, total workers comprised of about 12,110 i.e. 42.79% of the total population. The total number of male workers & female workers are 7,878 & 4,232 and their percentages are 27.84% and 14.95% respectively i.e. 2:1. iv. Existing cropping pattern

The percentage of Agricultural Land within the project impact zone is around 24% of the total land area. Therefore about 25% of the population depend on Agriculture alone. Crops like Paddy, maize, millets such as bajara, jawar, cowpea, barsim etc. are raised for their own domestic consumption. At places where there is water availability the people also grow vegetables. The agricultural products are mostly used by people for their own bona-fide consumption. v. Extent of biotic pressure of villages on forest resource

The forests in the impact area are under heavy biotic pressure. The local people depend on these forests for fuel wood, small timber, construction timbers and several NTFP items. Similarly the cattle populations of the area depend solely on grazing. Stall feeding is not practiced in the area. Besides

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these pressures, Forest fire occurs repeatedly every year which destroys the humus content of the soil and also damages the regeneration. vi. NTFP collection, Method of collection and impact on wildlife

Various types of NTFP viz. Kendu leaf, Mahua flower & seeds, Siali leaves, fruits, flowers, roots, bark, gums, fiber etc. of various species used to be freely collected from the forest area in past. The Kendu leaves, are collected by the forest department in a time tested systematic manner. But for the other, the local people collect all other NTFP in an unorganized way as they had rights to collect the produce from the protected forests.

Collection of NTFP from the forest area definitely has a negative impact as it leads to habitat degradation and disturbance, which results in shortage of food and cover of wild animals. The collection of Mahua flower and seed may lead to outbreak of forest fire as the ground is cleaned by burning. vii. Cattle population and grazing habit

As per the Census-2007 obtained from the Veterinary Department, Govt. of Odisha, a total of bovine animal 3805 nos. and goats/sheeps 8807 nos. are domesticated in the villages within the project impact area. These animals in total 12612 solely depend on grazing in the forest. Stall feeding is not practiced here.

C. Geo-morphology of Project area and Project impact area:

i. Description of Topography:

Topography of the project area:

Tiringpahar leasehold area is located in the central gentle slope. The leasehold area has two hillocks on Northern and Southern part with a valley like region in between. Highest elevation at the hillocks is around 700 mRL whereas the central valley is at 640 mRL.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Topography of the impact area:

Villages are located mostly in the central part of the study circle on plain (or gently sloping) land. Average ground level in Tiringpahar lease is 700 mRL. Highest elevation at hilly regions at Baitarani RF and Chamakpur PFs are 805 mRL and 572 mRL respectively. Mixed forests are sparsed mostly beneath the hilly reserve forests on moderate slope and also on smaller hillocks occupied on the southern part. ii. Drainage pattern:

The natural drainage system is distinct due to hilly topography in most part of the study circle. Baitarani river flowing at a distance of about 4.5 km on eastern side of the Tiringpahar lease forms the major drainage system of the area. Kundra nala or Sona nadi originating little distance beyond the study circle on southern hilly region flows across the study circle from N to NE at a distance of about 6.6 km from the lease. Major part of the area has dendritic drainage pattern. The hill ranges are drained by seasonal nallahs in all directions. A few seasonal streams flow through the lease. High flood level of Baitarani river and Sona nadi is much below the mining lease.

The following nala / streams are noticed in the area & all of them are perennial in nature.

1. Baitarani nadi 2. Kundra nala (Suna nadi)

Prominent among streams is Kundara nala which is the life line of Joda township and adjoining villages.

Natural drainage system existing within the radius of 10 kms of the project area are as follows:

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Name Distance (km) Direction Status

Baitarani nadi 4.5 E Perennial Kundra Nala / Suna Nadi 6.6 N ʹ NE Perennial

All the drainage of the area join Baitarini River which forms the sole drainage line of the area. Baitarani River originates from the hills of Gupta Ganga in the district of Keonjhar of Orissa state and after flowing South-East joins the Brahmani river and ultimately falls into Bay of Bengal.

iii. Waterbodies-Natural & Manmade

Kundra nala or Suna nadi originating little distance beyond the study area flows from SW towards NE and joins Baitarani river on NE part. Kundra nala passes closure to the Boneikela block (minimum distance: 0.27 km on South). Distance of Kundra nala from Joribar and Bamebari blocks are 3.8 km on NW and 6.5 km on NW respectively.

D. Linear Infrastructures in the project area and project impact area:

i) Road, Railway, Water ways, Canals and other developmental structure

Road: The lease area is located at about 25km from Barbil town, in the district of Keonjhar. The project area is connected by all weather motorable road of 03km span to Barbil-Keonjhar State Highway No.-10.

Railways: The nearest railway station is at Bansapani at a distance of 08km connected by Tata-Barbil branch railway line on South-eastern railway at Padapahar.

Canal: There is no canal or developmental structure in the project area.

Airport: The nearest Airport ʹ Bhubaneswar is approximately 300kms.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines ii) Impact of linear infrastructures on movement of mega fauna

No such new structures have been constructed by the project proponent. iii) Possible ameliorative measures for movement of mega fauna

The possible ameliorative measures may be by providing protection to the migratory Mega fauna in the PA & PIA as well as providing maximum possible food shelter and cover. iv) Details of water reservoirs, vertical mining pits and unguarded dug well in the project area & project impact area

Details of Water reservoir: There is no water reservoir and canal in the PA & PIA.

Vertical mining pits: There are 35 numbers of mining lease area existing within 10 km radius of the project area. Most the mining pits are nearly vertical. The average bench slope is 450 while individual bench is having 600 slope.

Sl No Name of the ML area Area in Ha 1 Bhanja Mineral-Inganijharan Iron & Mn M* 218.039

2 Bhulbeda MTS Mine 95.778 3 Essel Unchabali Iron & Mn Mine 107.657

4 Indrani Pattanaik 106.418 5 Inganijharan B.C. Deb 63.444 6 Jalhari Iron & Mn Mines 177.656 7 Jiling Iron & Dolomite Mines 452.909 8 KJS Alluwalia Nuagaon Iron 194.212 9 KMC-39 40.620 10 KMC-54 54.625 11 KMC-73 72.634 12 OMC-Banspani 401.751

13 OMDC-Kolharoida 75.632 14 OMDC-Bhadrasahi 1011.143

15 Patnaik-Jaribahal Iron Mines 117.894

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

16 Patnaik-Jaribahal Iron-Mn 14.188 17 R.B. Das-Dalpahar Iron-Mn Mines 4.837 18 RM Pandya-Jajang 100.126 19 Rungta-Jajang 668.072 20 Rungta-Silioda 712.798 21 Rungta Katasahi Iron & Mn Mines 206.341 22 Rungta Kolmang 218.525 23 Rungta Oraghat 82.944 24 Rungta Sanindpur 135.010 25 S.N. Mohanty-Khuntpani 14.555 26 S.N. Mohanty-Unchabali 8.913 27 Serazudin-Balda 344.156 28 Shri Metaliks 35.757 29 Tarini-Jururi 65.710 30 TISCO- Bamebari-2 140.000 31 TISCO- Joda East 486.361 32 TISCO- Joda West 1437.719 33 TISCO- Khandbandh 978.000 34 TISCO- Bamebari(Block-3) Joribahal 91.000 35 TISCO- Tiring Pahar Mn Mines 169.000 9104.424

The total area of the mining projects adjoining the project area is 9104.424 ha. Due to the mining activities undertaken in this area there is lot of disturbance and the wild animals avoid the area.

Unguarded dug well: Within the impact area 15 nos of water ponds are there which are meant for human use as well as domestic cattle use. As per the information collected by interaction with the villagers surrounding the project area, no unguarded dug well has been reported within the impact area.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines v) Available safeguards and proposed safeguards

Most of the mining area within the impact zone have been fenced with barbed wire. The wild animals within the impact area usually avoid the project areas due to regular activities, lighting, movement of vehicle in and around the mining projects. The available safeguards are indicated under para-J. The proposed safeguards are indicated under Chapter-IV and Chapter-V.

E. Description of flora & fauna in the project area & project impact area i. Details of available Flora and Fauna

Project area:

The project ĂƌĞĂ ĚŽĞƐŶ͛ƚ form part of any National Park, Wild Life Sanctuary, Elephant Reserve, Biosphere Reserve or any critical wildlife habitat. There are no endangered or endemic wildlife species in the area. Some of the common species of flora and fauna available in the area are as follows.

Flora

Sl No Local name Species Family TREE SPECIES 1 Amla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 2 Amba Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 3 Asan Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 4 Bahada Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 5 Badhan Ougeinia oogeinensis Papilionaceae 6 Bara Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 7 Bela Aegel marmelos Rutaceae 8 Chara Buchnania lanzan Anacardiaceae 9 Bada Chakunda Cassia siamea Ceasalpiniaceae 10 Dhaura Anogeisus latifola Combretaceae 11 Gambhari Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae 12 Harida Terminalia chebula Combretaceae 13 Jamun Syzygium cuminii Myrtaceae

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Sl No Local name Species Family 14 Karanja Pongamia pinnata/glabra Papilionaceae 15 Kasi Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae 16 Kendu Diospyrus melanoxylon Ebenaceae 17 Karam/Kurum Adina cordifoilia Rutaceae 18 Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 19 Kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae 20 Mahula Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 21 Moi /Zia (Daka) Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae 22 Mundi Mitragyna parviflora Rubiaceae 23 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 24 Putuli/Padal Stereospermum suaveolens Bignoniaceae

25 Sidha Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 26 Simuli Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae 27 Sirisa Albizzia lebbeck Mimosaceae 28 Sal Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae

29 Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo Papilionaceae

30 Sunari Cassia fistula Ceasalpiniaceae

SHRUBS / HERBS

1 Apamarga Achynthes aspera Amaranthacea

2 Bajramuli/Bisiripi Sida spp. Malvaceae

3 Dhatki Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae

4 Kasunda / Ghoda Cassia sophera Ceasalpiniaceae chakunda 5 Khajuri Phoenix spp. Palmae

6 Kurei / Keruan Holarrhena antidysenterica Apocynaceae

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Sl No Local name Species Family 7 Kurudu Gardenia spp. Rubiaceae 8 Nagaairi Lantana camara Verbinaceae 9 Panwar / chakunda Cassia tora Ceasalpiniaceae 10 Pokasunga Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae GRASSES

1 Khadika grass Aristida setacea Gramineae 2 Kasatandi/Payal Saccharum spontaneum Gramineae (Poaceae) 3 Ghasa Panicum spp. Gramineae (Poaceae) 4 Guguchia Chrysopogon aciculatus Gramineae (Poaceae) 5 Duba Cynodom dactylon Gramineae (Poaceae) 6 Dinanath ghas Pennisetum pedicillatum Gramineae (Poaceae) 7 Kahr ghas Imperata cylindrical Gramineae (Poaceae) 8 Sinkola Heteropogon contortus Gramineae (Poaceae) CLIMBERS 1 Atundi Combretum decandrum Combretaceae 2 Anantamula/ Hemidesmus indicus Asclepiadaceae Sugandhi 3 Baidanka Mucuna pruriens Papilionaceae 4 Satabari Asparagus racemosus Liliaceae

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines Fauna Found/Reported within Project Area

Sl,No. Scientific Name Common Name Schedule Amphibians 1 Rana tigrina Indian Bull Frog IV 2 Rana hexdactyla Frog IV 3 Rana cyanohryictis Water skipper IV Reptiles 4 Varanus salvator Monitor Lizard I 5 Naja tripudians Common Cobra IV 6 Bangarus coerulens Common Krait IV 7 Bangarus fasciatus Banded Krait IV 8 Chamelion spp Bahurupi II 9 Python molurus Python I Birds 10 Columba livia Pegion - 11 Coturnix coturnix Common quail - 12 Milvus migrans Common kite - 13 Pavo cristatus Common peafowl I 14 Passer domesticus Common sparrow - 15 Psittacula columboides Parrot - 16 Gallus gallus Jungle fowl - 17 Streptopellica sp. Dove - 18 Brachypternus bengalensis Wood pecker II 19 Ploceus phillippinus Baya weaver Bird 20 Cuculus microptens Cuckoo IV 21 Gyps bengalensis Vulture IV 22 Bulbulcus ibis Cattle egret IV 23 Ardea alba Large Egret IV 24 Acridotheres tristis Myna IV 25 Molpastes cafer Bulbul -

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines Flora

Sl no Local name Species Family TREE SPECIES 1 Acacia/sunajhari Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae 2 Achu Morinda tinctoria Rubiaceae 3 Amba Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 4 Amla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 5 Ankula Alangium lamarckii Alangiaceae 6 Asan Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 7 Aswatha Ficus religiosa Moraceae 8 Bahada Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 9 Bandhan Ougeinia oojenensis Papilionaceae 10 Bara Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 11 Barabakalia Dalbergia paniculata Papilonaceae 12 Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 13 Bhalia Semicarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae 14 Bheru Chloroxylon swietenia Meliaceae 15 Bija/Piasal Pterocarpus marsupium Fabaceae 16 Bodaka Hymenodictyon excelsum Rubiaceae

17 Chakunda(Sana) Cassia siamea Ceasalpiniaceae

18 Chara Buchnania lanzan Anacardiaceae

19 Chhatian Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae 20 Dalasinga Canthium dicoccum / didymium Rubiaceae

21 Dhaman Grewia tillaefolia Tiliaceae

22 Dhaura Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae

23 Dimiri(Bai) Ficus glomerata Moraceae

24 Eucalyptus(Nilagiri) Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Sl no Local name Species Family 25 Gandha palas Miliusa velutina/ tomentosa Annonaceae 26 Genduli Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae 27 Giringa Pterospermum heyneanum Sterculiaceae 28 Gohira Acacia leucophloea Mimosaceae 29 Harida Terminalia chebula Combretaceae 30 Jamun Syzygium cuminii Myrtaceae 31 Jhari(Kasaki) Ficus tinctoria Moraceae

Kadamba Anthocephalus cadamba Rubiaceae

32 Kakuchia Diospyrus sylvatica Ebenaceae 33 Kaitha Feronia elephantum Rutaceae

34 Kamalagundi Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae

35 Kanchan/Barada Bauhinia purpurea Ceasalpiniaceae 36 Kapacia Kydia calycina Malvaceae

37 Karanja Pongamia pinnata/glabra Papilionaceae 38 Karada Cleistanthus collinus Euphorbiaceae 39 Khakada Casearia elliptica Flacourtiaceae 40 Kashi Bridelia retusa Euphorbiaceae

41 Kendu Diospyrus melanoxylon Ebenaceae 42 Kendu(Mankada) Diospyrus embryopteris Ebenaceae

43 Khair Acacia catechu Mimosaceae

44 Kurum/Haldu Adina cordifolia Rubaceae

45 Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 46 Karam/Kurum Adina cordifoilia Rutaceae

Kusum Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae

47 Mahula Madhuca indica/ Bassia latifolia Sapotaceae

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Sl no Local name Species Family 48 Mohi Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae 49 (Raj) Moi Bursera serrata Burseraceae 50 Mundi Mitragyna parviflora Rubiaceae 51 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 52 Padal Stereospermum suaveolens Bignoniaceae 53 Palas Butea monosperma Papilonaceae 54 Panas Artocarpus heterophyllus / Moraceae integrifolia 55 Rai Dillenia pentagyna Dilleniaceae 56 Sal Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae 57 Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 58 Semul Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae 59 Sidha Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 60 Siris Albizzia lebbek Mimosaceae 61 Siris (dhala) Albizzia procera Mimosaceae 62 Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo Papilonaceae 63 Sissoo(Kala) Dalbergia latifolia Papilonaceae 64 Som Soymida febrifuga Miliaceae 65 Sunari Cassia fistula Ceasalpiniaceae 66 Teak/Saguan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae

67 Tentuli Tamarindus indica Ceasalpiniaceae

SHRUBS / HERBS

1 Apamarga Achynthes aspera Amaranthacea

2 Baghaairi Litsea glutinosa / Lauraceae Sabira glutinosa 3 Baincha Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Sl no Local name Species Family 4 Bajramuli/Bisiripi Sida spp. Malvaceae 5 Bana-kolthi Atylosia scarabacoides Papilionaceae 6 Bana-mirchi Croton sparsiflorus Euphorbiaceae 7 Bana-nila/kulthi Tephrosia purpurea Fabaceae 8 Begunia Vitex negundo Verbinaceae 9 Bhuinnimba Andrographis paniculatus Acanthaceae 10 Bichhamalia Evolvulus nummularius Convolvulaceae 11 Chitakutei Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae 12 Damkurudu Gardenia latifolia Rubiaceae 13 Dhatki Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 14 Gandhaguria Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae 15 Kanteikoli Ziziphus numularia Rhamnaceae 16 Khajuri Phoenix spp. Palmae 17 Kurei/Keruan Holarrhena antidysenterica Apocynaceae 18 Koelekha Hygrophila spp. Acanthaceae 19 Kulthia Atylosia scarabaeoides Fabaceae 20 Kurudu Gardenia spp. Rubiaceae 21 Nagaairi Lantana camara Verbinaceae 22 Pokasunga Ageratum conyzoides Asteraceae

23 Telkuria Ixora arborea Rubiaceae GRASSES

1 Khadika grass Aristida setacea Gramineae 2 Mutha grass Cyperus rotundus Cyperaceae 3 Ghasa Panicum spp. Gramineae(Poaceae) 4 Guguchia Chrysopogon aciculatus Gramineae(Poaceae) 5 Duba Cynodom dactylon Gramineae(Poaceae) 6 Sinkola Heteropogon contortus Gramineae(Poaceae)

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Sl no Local name Species Family 7 Kasatandi/Payal Saccharum spontaneum Gramineae(Poaceae) 8 Dinanath ghas Pennisetum pedicillatum Gramineae(Poaceae) 9 Kahr ghas Imperata cylindrical Gramineae(Poaceae)

Fauna Found/Reported within Project Impact Area

Sl,No. Scientific Name Common Name Schedule Amphibians 1 Rana tigrina Indian Bull Frog IV 2 Rana hexdactyla Frog IV 3 Rana cyanohryictis Water skipper IV Reptiles 4 Hemidactylus brooki Gekko/Jhitipiti - 5 Cyrtodactylus nebulosus Kandi endua - 6 Chameleon zeylanicus Bahurupi - 7 Varanus bengalensis Sorisia Godhi II 8 Varanus flavescencs Matia Godhi II 9 Varanus salvator Monitor Lizard I 10 Chamelion spp Bahurupi II 11 Naja tripudians Common Cobra IV 12 Bangarus coerulens Common Krait IV 13 Bangarus fasciatus Banded Krait IV 14 Ptyas mucosus Dhamana IV 15 Amphiesma stolata Dhanda IV 16 Python molurus Python I Birds 17 Columba livia Pigeon - 18 Coturnix coturnix Common quail - 19 Pavo cristatus Common peafowl I

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Out of the total forest land, only 1669 Sq.km. is Dense Forest and the balance area is either open forest or degraded. As per the India State of Forest Report 2009 & 2011 Keonjhar District has the following types of Forests. Type of Forest Area in Sq. Kms 2009 Report 2011 Report Geographical Area 8303 8303 Very dense Forest 308 308 Moderately dense Forest 1410 1401 Open Forest 1511 1507 Total 3229 3216 % of Geographical Area 38.89 38.73 Scrub 51 55

It can be seen that, during the two years period, there has been a loss of 13 sq. km of Forest, besides, 4 sq. kms of Open/moderately dense forest has been degraded to Scrub. But when compared to recorded forest area, the Forests over (3360.93 -. 3216)= 144.93 sq. km. has no Forest growth.

It will be of great help if this area can be identified and restoration measures taken up.

As per the Champion & Seth classification of Forest types of India, the forest within the leasehold area can be classified as-

Group 3C: Northern Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest.

Sub-group-3C/C (iii) Moist peninsular valley Sal.

The geological formation and the soil conditions are very suitable for the growth of sal and its associates.

This area is subjected to heavy Biotic pressure and ongoing mining activities. The vegetation of the area is completely disturbed.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Climate: The lease area falls with in the Tropical region which is marked by very hot and prominent summer. There are three distinct seasons, a prominent summer season from March to June. Well defined rainy season from July to October and moderate winter from November to February.

The average annual rainfall is 1260 mm. Maximum rainfall is received due to South West Monsoon. About 80% of the rainfall is received during the month of July & August. The number of rainy days varies from 65 to 80 days during the year.

The temperature during summer rises very high. The maximum temperature rises to 42°C in hot summer where as the minimum temperature is 7°C during winter months. ii. Wildlife Habitat and prevailing wildlife scenario:

A large part of the Forest areas mentioned above are under active mining operation. Hence the habitat condition of the area is very poor. Practcally wild animals are very rare in this area. Most of these areas are having degraded forests and therefore placed under Improvement Working Circle or Rehabilitation Working Circle. Repeated Forest fire destroys the ground flora and also causes serious setback to forest regeneration. Hence steps need to be taken for prevention of Forest fire and protection of forest. iii. Wildlife Census result (if any) Tiger, Elephant, Water fowl etc.

As per the elephant census conducted during 2012, there were only two elephants in Champua Range. One was adult cow and the other was sub-adult bull.

During the census of 2010, there were 6 elephants in Champua Range (tusker-1, adult cow-2, sub adult-1 and juvenile-2). In Barbil Range there were 11 elephants (adult cows- 5, sub adult tusker-2, sub adult cow-1, Calves-3).

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines G. Movement of Mega wildlife in Impact area:

i. Information on Wildlife movement (last 3 years and current year)

The impact area is subjected to heavy biotic pressure and ongoing mining activities. The vegetation of the area is completely disturbed. This district originally was having excellent contiguous forest and therefore contained very rich fauna. Due to various reasons the forest areas are now scattered and available in pockets interspersed with human habitations and large scale mining activities. The wild animals are now rarely seen except elephants.

The Mega wild animals like elephants have been found to be roaming in Karo Reserved Forest which is adjoining Karampada RF in Jharkhand and Toda RF of Sundargarh district. Similar movement is also reported in the southern portions of Sidhamath R.F. as well as Baitarani RF.

During the paddy harvesting season elephants are found to be roaming around the nearby villages. Information collected from recorded data as well as interaction with the local people indicate that, movement of elephants is noticed around Jyotipur RF, Bramhanijhari KF, Baitarani PRF, Kalika Prasad RF, Jamudhalk KF, Chautia KF,Katbelinkala KF, Kalinga KF and the villages surrounding these forest areas. Incidentally most of these areas are beyond the impact area. ii. Wildlife movement map:

The Map showing movement of Mega wild animals is enclosed.

H. Man-Animal Conflict: i. Information on wildlife depredation in Project area and Project impact area. (Human Kill/Injury/Cattle kill/Crop Damage/Animal Kill)

Due to absence of wild animals within the nearby areas, man-animal conflict is found to be comparatively less. The position of man-animal conflict which took place during the last three years in and around the locality is as follows:

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines INFORMATION ON WILD LIFE DEATH CASES (Other than Elephants)

Name of the Year Wild Life Animal Place of Date of Range Killed/Dead Occurrence Death Champua 2008-09 Male Wild Pig Sana Hundula, PS- 25.02.2009 Champua

Champua 2010-11 Saliapatni (Flying Jally Village, Near 04.02.2011 Squirrel) Mermeda Nalla

Champua 2012-13 Male Spotted Deer Near Village Jally 26.07.2012

Barbil 2009-10 Barking Deer Karo RF, Near Balani 15.06.2009

Barbil 2011-12 Porcupine Murga Beat of 26.03.2012 (1 Male & 1 Female) Bileipada

Barbil 2012-13 Male Spotted Deer Suna River, Lahanda 30.05.2012 Village

ELEPHANT DEATH

SI Date of Location Sex Reason of NO Occurrence Elephant Death

CHAMPUA RANGE

1 18.10.2008 Munda Basti, Hati Dari, One Female Due to Balibandh electrocution

10.11.2008 Near Palasa (Kha), One Male Due to 2 Village- Begunia Sahi electrocution 3 06.4.2008 Near Palasa (Kha) One Male Due to electrocution

07.10.2009 Jally Village, Mermeda One Male Due to 4 nalla, 200 m. away from electrocution Jyothispur RF 15.08.2012 Jajanga Railway siding., One Male & One Rail Accident 5 Bandhubeda Female 6 20.08.2012 Gunthuan Village One Male Rail Accident

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

7 23.09.2012 Gunthuan Village One calf Male Rail Accident

8 19.09.2012 Inside Brahmanijhari KF One Female

BARBIL RANGE 1 21.01.2009 Nalda Section, Uliburu One Female Natural death Beat

27.07.2010 Chormalda KF, Near the One Male calf (3 Starvation & 2 Mines of R.P. Sao, Guali months appx) dehydration Section

3 21.03.2012 Kanhupur Village, G.P. One Female Asphyxia, Kandra, By the side of Respiratory River Baitarani failure

HUMAN DEATH/INJURED DUE TO WILD ANIMAL ATTACK

SI Date of Location Number Death Animal NO Occurrence /Injured CHAMPUA RANGE 1 5.07.2008 Kodapasi One Death By Wild Elephant 2 08.12.2008 Kutugaon One Death ,, 3 09.12.2008 Brahmani Jhari One Injury ,, 4 26.05.2009 Khandbandh One Dead ,, 5 15.02.2010 Kainta One Dead ,, 6 15.02.2010 Sannaj, Tunguli Sahi, 3 people Injury ,, Sannaj 7 20.05.2010 Baitarani PRF, Banka, One Death ,, Kanhu Sahi 8 06.09.2011 Bhuyan Roida ,, 9 03.11.2011 Kadagadia, RF One Death ,, 10 29.06.2011 Rajabasa One Injured ,, 11 30.06.2011 Gambharia One 12 03.11.2011 Kadagadia, RF One Injured ,, 13 15.11.2011 Ragia, One Injured ,, 14 27.11.2011 Gamharia, One Injured ,, 15 05.04.2012 Jamudhalk KF One Death ,, 16 24.04.2012 Gopibalhabpur, One Death Bichitranandpur 17 03.05.2012 Adangapat, One Death ,,

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

SI Date of Location Number Death Animal NO Occurrence /Injured 18 02.06.2012 Arsala One Death ,, 19 02.06.2012 Arsala 4 people Injured ,, 20 01.07.2012 Arsala One Death ,, 21 25.08.2012 Chautia KF, Krushnapur One Injured ,, 22 11.10.2012 Salachampei/SanaNeuli One Death ,, 23 14.10.2012 Katbelinkala KF One Death ,, 24 23.10.2012 Regia village, One Death ,, 25 07.11.2012 Kalinga Village, Kalinga One Death ,, 26 19.03.2013 Ghodatopa, near One Death -do- Nayagarh RF BARBIL RANGE 1 27.11.2008, Badajala, Gada Hutting One Death ,, 2008-2009 2 2009-2010 Inside Rudukela KF, 500 One Death ,, m from Sidhamath RF

3 20.02.2009, Datika, Gopinathpur Two Death ,, 2009-10 4 2012-2013 Bhuyan Roida One Death ,, 5 2010-2011 Roida One Injured ,, 6 27.11.2012, Serenda, Bhadrasahi, One Injured ,, 2011-2012 Biju Hatting

Damage to Property (House/Crop)

Year House Damaged Crop damaged No. of Partly Fully No. of Area in Acre Cases damaged damaged Cases CHAMPUA RANGE 2008-09 65 42 23 15 15.63 2009-10 - - - 5 30.00 2010-11 - - - 62 63.64 2011-12 269 70 199 201 94.22 2012-13 106 35 71 171 75.93 BARBIL RANGE 2008-09 27 12 15 - - 2011-12 44 21 23 19 17.32 2012-13 103 60 43 30 27.00

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines ii. Man-Animal conflict map:

The map showing location of Man-animal conflict is enclosed.

iii. Possible trend in Man-Animal conflict due to project implementation.

This project has been in operation for the last several years. Besides, the project is also surrounded by a number of mining projects. Due to large scale mining activities in and around the area, the locality is completely disturbed. Wild animals are very rarely seen in the area. However, elephants visit the area particularly during the crop harvesting season. For this mining project, no new or additional conflict is perceived.

I. Survey of Working Plan, Prescriptions for management of forest and wildlife in the Project area and Project impact area

The Working plan has been prepared in the year 2007 and is force for 10 years from the year 2007-08 to 2016-17.

The following Reserved Forests are coming within the impact area (study area). The Working Circle to which the RFs are allotted as follows:

Sl. Name of RFs Working Circle Allotted Area (ha.) No. Sidhamatha RF Improvement 2754.1742 1 Rehabilitation 3011.8852 3 Baitarani RF(A) Rehabilitation 2378.8248 4 Baitarani RF(B) Rehabilitation 1138.8526

As most of the areas of Sidhamath and Baitarani Reserved Forests are under active mining operation, these areas cannot be taken for any habitat development work. The Reserved Forest areas beyond 10 km radius needs to be taken up for habitat improvement.

o. Prescription of Working Plan for project and project impact area: As per the Working Plan the following treatments are prescribed in these Reserved Forests:

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines Improvement Working Circle

The vegetation of these areas consists of mainly sal. These areas are susceptible to heavy biotic interference like grazing and illicit felling. The forest fire set by the primary collectors of NTFP has further damaged the soil conditionof the forest and restricts further regeneration.

1. The Special Objectives of Management are:

2. To regenerate the degraded forest blocks by providing silvicultural inputs and protection measures with massive participation of people through JFM programme.

3. To ensure soil and moisture conservation measures to enrich the micro-edaphic conditions for making the forest productive in near future.

4. To meet the bonafide needs of the local inhabitants for fuel wood out of thinning and other cultural operations as prescribed.

5. To tend the existing crop to get maximum growth.

6. To improve the density condition and composition of the crop.

The provisions are:

1. All dead, hollow, seriously diseased, uprooted and fallen trees shall be marked for felling. However, some such standing trees shall be retained if required for wildlife purpose.

2. Marking of unsound or malformed trees irrespective of girth class which are unlikely to survive or which will further deteriorate before the next felling unless they are required for seed or soil cover. Such marking and removal shall be subject to the following additional conditions:

x Such remval will benefit better growth.

x The marked trees form part of the congested crop and the principle of thinning warrants its removal.

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x There shall exist saplings, poles or established regeneration to take its place.

x No marking of fruit bearing trees such as Mahula, Mango, Tamarind, Amla, Chara, Harida, Bahada, Bela, Kusum etc. shall be done for felling.

x This marking shall be done in a very conservative manner.

x Such marking of trees shall be 100% checked by the Assistant Conservator of Forests followed by at least 25% test check by the concerned DFO as it requires greater technical skills.

3. The trees retained should be sound, dominant and growing vigorously.

4. All trees to be marked for felling shall be given two blazes approximately of size 15 cm x 15 cm, one at the breast height and the other as close to the ground as possible and marked with a departmental hammer and numbered serially.

5. Marking shall not be done within 50 meters radius around the key habitat of wild animals such as den, saltlick, wallows, game tank and water holes.

6. Marking should not be done in areas where the slope of terrain is more than 30º except for dead and uprooted trees.

Thinning: If after marking under the above rules, the crop is found to be congested; thinning operations shall be carried out so as to afford better opportunity of growth to the crop so retained after thinning. However, the thinning in general would include the following conditional operations:

a) For better diameter growth of trees marking should be carried out in the congested areas of the annual coupe. The unsound trees shall be preferred over sound trees.

b) It should be restricted to the congested pole crop and saplings.

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c) DĂƌŬŝŶŐ ƐŚĂůů ďĞ ĚŽŶĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ůŝŶĞƐ ŽĨ ͟͞ ŐƌĂĚĞ ƚŚŝŶŶŝŶŐ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ ƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ƌĞŵŽǀĂůŽĨŽŶůLJ͚ĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ͛Θ͚ƐƵƉƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ͛ƐƚĞŵƐ ďĞƐŝĚĞƐƌĞŵŽǀĂůŽĨƐŽŵĞ͚ĐŽ- ĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚ͛ ƐƚĞŵƐ ĂƐ ǁĞůů ΀ŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ ƐƚĞŵƐ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĞŝŐŚƚ ĂďŽƵƚ ϯͬϰƚŚ ǁŚĞƌĞ ĂƐ Suppressed stems are about half to 5/8th of the height of the predominant stems. The Dominant stems comprise of all trees which form the upper most canopy and are divided into (i) Predominant trees comprising of the tallest trees which determine the general top level of canopy and (ii) Co-dominant trees which are about 5/6th the height of the predominant].

d) No thinning shall be carried out in open areas nor any fruit bearing species such as Mahula, Mango, Tamarind, Amla, Chara, Harida, Bahada, Bela, Kusum etc shall be thinned out whatever be the extent of congestion.

e) Limit on removal of stems vis-à-vis retention per hectare shall be governed by the formula D=Ϭ͘ϱ΀;'ͬϭϬͿнϭ΁ǁŚĞƌĞ͚͛ŝƐƚŚĞĚŝƐƚĂŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚǁŽƐƚĞŵƐŝŶŵĞƚĞƌƐ ĂĨƚĞƌƚŚŝŶŶŝŶŐĂŶĚ͚'͛ŝƐƚŚĞĂǀĞƌĂŐĞŐŝƌƚŚĂƚďƌĞĂƐƚŚĞŝŐŚƚŽĨƐƚĞŵƐŝŶĐŵƐ͘

f) As thinning markings are to be done very sparingly with meticulous reflection of mind and extreme silvicultural restraints, this will need prior approval of the concerned D.F.O

SILVICULTURAL OPERATIONS

Simultaneous silvicultural operation shall be done along with the improvement operation in the annual coupe area. This departmental operation shall be done over the entire coupe area and comprises of the following operations

Cleaning and supplementary operations: This includes the operations to improve the crop condition, which consists of the followings:

(i) In order to take up silvicultural operation systematically, an annual action plan shall be prepared in advance along with treatment plan and treatment map.

(ii) Area shall be fully protected from fire, grazing, browsing and illicit felling.

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(iii) All fallen pieces of branches, lops and tops, small wood which could cause fire hazard shall be removed.

(iv) The requirement of soil and moisture conservation measures shall be assessed. The cultural operation such as gully plugging, contour bonding, dry stone packing, construction of check dams etc. shall be carried out in subsequent years.

(v) However, these cleaning & supplementary operations shall not be carried out in the highly degraded; open or steep precipitous slopes except for soil and moisture conservation measures.

Rehabilitation Working Circle:

GENERAL CHARACTER OF VEGETATION

These forests can be improved by cultural operations supplemented by artificial regeneration. The forests under this circle are mostly open mixed sal forests. The regeneration is poor because of biotic interference. Still sufficient rootstocks are available at places like Thakurani, Baitarani etc. Normally these forests are found in the close proximity to the human habitation and mines rich areas. Hence, the involvement of the local people through JFM would give a better result to restore the forests.

This Working Circle is the second largest working circle in the division. The degradation in the forests is because heavy mining activities and encroachment. This Working circle covers about 25% of the total forest area of Keonjhar (T) Division. In most of the areas of both the divisions, the stems are being removed at every stage of their growth for use as fencing materials and firewood. Even the young sal shoots and their leaves are not spared from being used as tooth sticks and leaf plates. In spite of such regular and heavy biotic oppressions, these forests still have sufficient rootstock and can be successfully regenerated through appropriate silvicultural operations coupled with stringent protection measures.

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Since the forests included in this working circle are widely scattered and spread over all the ranges, almost all the forest types occurring in the Divisions are well represented. However, majority of the areas are 3C/C2e (iii) Moist Peninsular Valley Sal. The detailed description of these forest types and their vegetation has already been dealt in Chapter- 2A. The topsoil in these forests has been found disturbed due to uninterrupted heavy biotic interference. The soil types are vividly discussed in Chapter I of Part I. The water retaining capacity of these soils, are generally low and they are highly prone to erosion due to steep slopes forming large number of gullies and ravines.

The forest crop is mostly open with poor to deficient regeneration and consists of various species like Sal, Piasal, Sisoo, Asan, Dhaura, Kurum and Kasi etc. These blocks have good rooted wastes.

SPECIAL OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT

The following special objectives of management are set for the Working Circle, which is within the ambit of the general objectives of management and aims at regeneration and restocking of the degraded forests.

i) To regenerate the degraded forest blocks including the areas once affected by shifting cultivation, by appropriate silvicultural inputs and protection measures with ƉĞŽƉůĞ͛ƐƉĂƌƚŝĐŝƉĂƚŝŽŶ͘

ii) To improve the micro-climate and micro-edaphic conditions though soil and moisture conservation measures.

iii) To increase the biodiversity in forest crop by encouraging natural regeneration.

To meet the bonafide needs of the local inhabitants for fuel wood, small timber, fodder and N.T.F.P. to the extent possible depending upon the productivity of the forests to ensure their participation.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines ANALYSIS AND VALUATION OF CROP

In all the blocks allotted to this Working Circle, the study on vegetation, crop condition and extent of erosion, degradation has been conducted. Detailed assessment of growing stock, biodiversity and regeneration study was carried out in all these blocks. As already mentioned, there exists variation in the crop condition in the various blocks included in this circle. These blocks require treatment to promote natural regeneration and also artificial regeneration in areas where there are permanent blanks. Simultaneously appropriate treatment will be required to conserve the soil and moisture. The average density of the crop included here varies from 0.1 to over 0.2. Even in many areas the density is < 0.1.

Category I: Sal rooted wastes, which are unable to establish due to heavy biotic interference.

Category II: Completely barren eroded and plain areas devoid of forest growth which can be restocked with fast growing species.

Category III: Hill slopes bereft of vegetation or with scanty forest growth where soil conservation measures and massive afforestation is required.

Category IV: Dead mines and mines spoil areas where no vegetation is present will be restocked with the fast growing species.

Treatment plan for Category I: Most of the forest blocks in close proximity to habitation have sal-rooted wastes where tending, cleaning and trench fencing can improve the present condition. Elimination of biotic interference and proper cultural operations in right time will boost up the growth of the Sal saplings and improve the forest cover. In the areas where VSS exist, these areas should be handed over to them for the protection. Even in areas, where VSS are not operating, attempts should be made by the concerned Range Officer/ Forester to form new VSS for better protection.

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Treatment plan for Category II: The first and foremost step is to be taken is to close the area from grazing, fire and illicit fellings. On the fencing line thorny species like Babul, Gohira or Agave shall be planted as line of defense. Thick sowing of Accacia auriculoformis on the ridge may be done. The topsoil in barren and degraded areas is normally hard and having absolutely no humus. Hence, soil working, mulching should be taken up to loosen the top soil before taking up any plantation. The recommended species to be tried are Accacia auriculoformis, Accacia nilotica, Eilanthus and Subabul, Stylosanlly hamata, Stylosanthes mucronate etc. Soil working including mulching shall be done.

Treatment plan for Category III: The area covered by this category should be provided with suitable soil conservation measures.

Treatment plan for Category IV: The dead mines and the mines wastes are the sorrows of mainly Keonjhar (T) Division. Stringent measures should be taken against the mine owners to restrict them from using the nearby forest areas as dump yards of mines wastes. Simultaneously the Divisional Forest Officer should see that earth-filling work has been taken up by the mine owners before closure of the mines. Immediately after closure of the mines, action should be taken for planting of species like Accacia Catechu, Azadiractan indica, Eilenthus excellensa, Accacia auriculiformis, Pongamina pinnata, Cassia siamia, Terminallia tomentosa, Grevellia pteridophollia etc.

Artificial Regeneration: For the artificial regeneration purpose, the site quality must be observed. The species suitable to the site condition should be preferred for gap plantation and block plantation. However, due importance should be given for fruit bearing species like Mango, Jack fruit, Zizyphus, Tamarind etc. at the village fringe areas. In the comparatively plain areas, importance should be given to NTFP species like Harida, Bahada, Aonla, Chara etc. For completely eroded areas, Quick growing species like Accacia, Chakunda etc. should be preferred and for the gullies and slopes the species like Moi, Bena, Begunia, Ipomia, Kaunsi etc. should be preferred. Babul and Agave shall be tried along bunds. A list of species that can be grown for treatment of different sites in this working circle is given below.

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SPECIES SUITABLE FOR PROBLEMATIC SITES Site Measure to be Taken Species to be Planted 1. Soil and water conservation Dalbergia Sissoo, Albizzia lebbek, measures Prosopis juliflora, Accasia 2. Full protection from grazing Catechu, Acacia niloteca, and fire Azadirachta indica, Agave 3. Safe disposal of run off americana, Agave sisalana, Ravine 4. Grassland development Eulaliopsis binata 5. Afforestation

1. Soil and water conservation Dendrocalamus strictus, Madhuca measures indica, Acacia auriculiformis, 2. Full protection from grazing Bombax ceiba, Soymida febrifuga, and fire Cleistanthus collinus, Albizzia Laterite Soil Laterite Soil 3. Afforestation lebbek, Agave spp, Cassia siamea, Hardwickia binata, Azadirachta 1. Contour bunding, trenching indica, Acacia nilotica, Acacia 2. Afforestation leucophloea, Derris indica, 3. Soil and water conservation Dalbergia sisoo,Tamarindus measures indica, Eulaliopsis binata, 4. Protection from grazing and Ailanthus excelsa, Acacia catechu.

Skeletal Soils Skeletal Soils fire 5. Showing grasses 6. Seed dibbling / Afforestation

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1. Preparation of mounds Anthocephalus chinensis, 2. Planting of tall plants Syzygium cumini, Terminalia 3. Application of anti termite arjuna, Bombax ceiba, chemicals Lagerstroemia speciosa, Dalbergia 4. Early planting sisoo, Derris indica, Acacia Water logged areas areas Water logged 5. Drainage nilotica.

Grass and Fodder: Grass planting in the exposed soil should be preferred. The presence of grasses controls soil erosion and increase the water retention capacity of the soil as well. Some local indigenous grasses suitable for plantation are given below.

IMPORTANT GRASS SPECIES

Species Type Habitat Factor

Aristida setacea Fodder Brown soil, Sandy loam with gravel, PH 7.0

Arundinella bengalnensis Fodder Yellowish brown soil, Sandy loam, PH 6.2 Slopes having good drainage and Arundinella nepalensis Fodder permeability, Sandy loam PH 6.5 Grows on a variety of soil in subtropical Bothriochloa intermedia Fodder conditions in level and hilly topography Grows in semi arid zone and sandy soil, Cenchrus ciliavis Fodder PH 7.5 to 7.7. It is a creeping rhizome and prefers sandy loam, acidic soils on level or moist slopes,

PH 5.1 to 6.1 Can withstand heavy Chrysopogon aciculatus Fodder grazing, cannot survive on dry stones and sandy soils. Promising species for stabilization of embankments Prefers hilly gravely, black cotton soils Chrysopogon fulvus Fodder and red soils and low level of moisture

Chrysopogon gryllus Fodder Strong acidic soil on high hills, PH4.2

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Species Type Habitat Factor Occurs on a variety of sites of dry areas having gravelly to sandy loam exposed Cymbopogon coloratus Non-fodder rocks, acidic to neutral soil on hill and plains Prefers level to hilly topography, sandy Cymbopogon jwarancusa Non-fodder and rocky soil, PH6.5 to 7.5

Cymbopogon martini Non-fodder Wide distribution, PH 5.2 to 7.0 Wide distribution, prefers moist and level Cynodon dactylon Fodder land, withstands moderate grazing and trampling Dactyloctenium sindicum Fodder Dry areas, prefers slightly alkaline soil Prefers semiarid and arid condition, can Demostachya bipinnate Fodder tolerate PH up to 9.5 A species of level land prefers sandy loam Dichanthium annulaltum Fodder to loamy soil moist areas A species of level land prefers sandy loam Dichanthium caricosum Fodder to loamy soil moist areas Prefers good drainage and permeability, Dimeris fuscescens Fodder PH4.2 Eleusine compressa Fodder A grass of arid region Eragrostis coarctata Fodder A xerophytic grass

Eremopogon foveolatus Fodder Grows in skeletal soil, PH 6.6 to 7.5 Eulalia trispicata Fodder Prefers deep soil and low land Can grow in slopes up to 50% hot dry Eulaliopsis binata Non-fodder localities, withstand forest fire

Shallow eroded, black or red soil, PHH 6.8 Heteropogon contortus Non-fodder to 7.0

Imperata cylindrica Fodder Prefers moist swampy areas, PH 4.0 to 7.5 Ischaemum indicum Fodder Low lying wet area, heavy black soil,

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Species Type Habitat Factor

PH7.1 to 8.5 Ischaemum timorense Fodder Damp land

Iseilema spp Fodder Low lying area, black soil, PH 6.1 to 7.4

Brown sandy soil, PH 8.5, cannot stand Lasiurus spp Fodder grazing Prefers low lying lands, semi aquatic Leersia hexandra Fodder condition Level land with good drainage and Narenga porphyrocoma Fodder permeability

Neyraudia regnaudiana Favors moist sandy loam area, PH 5.0 Paspalum conjugatum Moist area

Pharagmites karka Low lying land, PH 4.5

Pseudanthistria hispida Clay soil with good drainage, PH 6.0 Saccharum spp Mesophytic habitat

Clay soil in depression of Sal forest, PH Sclerostachya fusca 4.75

Sehima nervosum Fodder Wide range of soil, deep soil, PH 6.5

Withstand inhospitable soil, drought, PH Sporobolus indicus Fodder 4.5 Sporobolus narginatus Fodder Level sandy tract of arid zone

Themeda triandra Fodder Gravelly soil on hills, PH acidic to neutral Ill drained land where water table is high. Vetiveria zizaniodes Non-fodder Soil sandy loam to clay, PH 4.0 to 7.5

Silvicultural Treatments: The following silvicultural operation will be carried out in the area as per requirements at the site. a) High stumps will be cut flush to the ground to encourage coppice shoots. b) Singling out of multiple coppice shoots to retain the most promising ones c) Removal of congestion by cleaning operations aimed at encouraging the growth of locally desirable species.

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d) Adoption of few seedlings per ha. of locally important and desirable species from the available natural regeneration by giving these species preferential treatment. e) Removal of invasive weeds

Thinning Operations: Thinning operations should be carried out in the areas having a very congested forest crop. Such an operation would provide enough space to the retained crop and encourage adequate growth to them. It shall be carried out only if the situation warrants. It will be carried out under the supervision of the Range Officer. The VSS members should be involved where present. The following conditions would apply:

i. It should be restricted to the congested pole crop only and limited to the species with girth at breast height less than or equal to 75cms.

ii. DĂƌŬŝŶŐƐŚĂůůďĞĚŽŶĞŽŶƚŚĞůŝŶĞƐŽĨ͚͛ŐƌĂĚĞƚŚŝŶŶŝŶŐ

iii. No thinning shall be carried out in open areas

iv. Neither any fruit bearing species, nor any NTFP species shall be thinned out

v. Thinning markings are to be done very sparingly and will require the prior approval of the DFO.

Soil and Moisture Conservation Measures: Appropriate soil and moisture conservation measures should be taken up in Category III areas since most of these areas have steep slopes and are affected by soil erosion. These measures shall not only reduce the velocity of the water flow but also save the areas from soils erosion. Various measures to check soil erosion in these areas are prescribed as under may be followed.

(i) Tree Plantation as per the land capability: Proper species should be planted in proper areas. Species like Bena, Moi etc. should be planted in sloppy areas whereas species like Asan, Arjuna, Jamu, Gohira, Babul etc. should be planted in damp areas. Species like Chakunda, Accacia, Sisoo, Gambhar, Mango, Jackfruit, Cashew etc. should be planted in plains, which will increase the water retention capacity of the land.

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(ii) Stone Guard wall in the contour line: Stonewalls should be constructed on the contour lines. These walls would help to check the eroded soil of the hills to concentrate on the contour lines and subsequently help to reduce the erosion process. The water flow, instead of going down and getting wasted, will be absorbed in the soil.

(iii) Loose boulders check-dam in the gullies: Because of the sloppy land pattern, creation of gully is natural. However, if they are not attended properly in adequate time, the narrow gullies will be widened and will damage the standing trees. So in the newly born gullies, loose boulders check-dams should be constructed. These dams would check the force of the downward streams and help deposition of soil, which would subsequently repair the gullies in natural process.

(iv) Brush wood check dam: Alike loose boulder check-dam, Brush wood check dams can help checking the flow of water as well. Side by side, it would help recovery of greenery to the forest. Certain species like Moi, Bena, Begunia, Ipomia, Kaunsi etc. can be grown by planting stems only.

(v) Diversion drain: In spite of the various kinds of check dams, still some water would get flown. In order to check the speed of the streams, diversion drains should be constructed. Such drains should be constructed at different parts of the gullies so that the volume of water would go on reducing at different stages. Ultimately, the speed of the water would reduce and the top soil can be conserved.

(vi) Percolation Tank: Percolation tanks should also be constructed at considerably plain areas of each gully, which would store the loose soils that flows as silts. Besides this, it would help seepage of water into the soil of that area. These soil and silt would help the surrounding saplings to grow and will create a bushy surrounding. Ultimately the water retention capacity of the soil will increase.

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(vii) Run-off management structure: The outlet of each gully should be so managed that the force of the water flow is reduced. Simultaneously it would help spreading of water in adjacent areas. There will be well distribution of the wastewater without soil erosion. Watershed management should be adopted in the entire area.

(viii) Checking of Forest Fire: Both the divisions are very much susceptible to Forest fire. The causes of forest fire have been discussed in this plan vividly in other chapters. However, the forest fire not only deprives the formation of humus but also makes the topsoil loose. Hence, a slight rain plays a major role for soil erosion. A continuous rain promotes many new gullies in the forest. People should be well educated on the matter through motivation and other sources.

Wild life (Overlapping) Working Circle:

SPECIAL OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT

The special objectives of Management set for this Working Circle are within the ambit of the general objectives of management of the Working Plan. These include

i. To conserve, protect and improve wild life habitat with special emphasis on the proposed elephant reserve/corridor.

ii. To promote wild life in general and endangered species of fauna in particular.

iii. To create awareness among the local people regarding the necessity to conserve and protect the wild life and their habitat.

iv. To conserve and develop important wild life habitat for the purpose of eco-tourism.

v. To increase in biodiversity and wildlife population in the divisions.

vi. For prevention of wildlife related crimes.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines THE STRATEGIES:

In a totally undisturbed natural process, the habitat needs no improvement, as the natural processes are self-sustaining and self-supporting ones that can very well take care of themselves. But biotic interferences have ravaged the natural system of both the Divisions, therefore bringing the need of controlling the factors required by species to follow in the course of evolution.

In order to achieve the objectives the following strategies need to be adopted:

Strategies for Wild Life Management. Biological & Ecological Habitat improvement, increasing prey-base, 1 Measures weed eradication, corridor linking and strict fire protection measures. 2 Physical Measures Site specific structures viz. Water Harvesting Structures, Check Dams, Water holes, Soil and Water conservation measures. 3 Eco Development For fringe villages and villages located as islands Measures inside forest blocks. Eco-development measures in the Multiple Use Zones. 4 Administrative Measures Staff structure & amenities. 5 Landscape Approach Overall

AREA AND ALLOTMENT

All the forest blocks, included in the Plan have been allotted to this Overlapping Working Circle.

WILDLIFE HABITAT

Bulk of the area of this Division are terrestrial habitats. However, river Baitarani in BJP, Champua, Patna, Ranges besides other smaller rivers in the

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remaining areas of the Division, provide congenial aquatic wildlife habitat. They form ideal habitat for the aquatic wildlife including the transitory home for migratory birds. Numbers of other seasonal and perennial streams crisscross the entire Division providing water sources for the wildlife. Sub-terrestrial habitat consists of burrows and natural crevices interspersed extensively all over the forest areas. Many burrows are even dug by the locals in the process of removal of roots & tubers. Besides, the accumulated rock pieces at the foothills and cracks in the rocky patches on the steep slopes also serve as a shelter for many reptiles like snakes; lizards etc. The vast stretch of forest cover in different Ranges besides interspersed scrubs all through the Division, which are crisscrossed by many nallahs & streams, provide ideal arboreal habitat for varieties of rich avifauna as well.

The formation types in the terrestrial habitat are mostly covered with fairly dense woodlands of mixed deciduous species though some pure Sal patches are also encountered in areas, particularly in forest blocks like Kalapat, Rebena, Bandhanjhari, Krushnapur, Kodbil, Karo RF etc.

Special habitats for wildlife, which are biological in origin and provide habitat functions not served by successional stages, are also available in the forests. They include snags, snag recruits, den trees, down wood, isolated large old trees, trees with fluting boles, buttresses, lianas, some significant species of fruit bearing trees and shrubs. These special habitats need to be maintained and care should be taken to retain them during the course of silvicultural operations in the forests.

Unique wildlife habitats provide special functions not provided by successional stages and special habitats. They are geomorphic in origin and they include caves, overhangs, dens, cliffs, ledges etc, which are used by specific groups of rare wildlife. These unique habitats need to be identified and maintained during this plan period.

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Autotrophs: Most of the forest blocks of Kendujhar Forest Division support almost dry deciduous types of forest. The top canopy includes species like Shorea robusta, Terminalia alata, Lagerstroemia perviflora, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia belerica, Syzygium cumini, Mangifera indica, Schleichera oleosa. Adina cordifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Bombaxaiba, Bridelia retusa, Madhuca indica. The middle storey consists of Syzygium cumini, Ougeinia oojeinensis, Careya arborea, Treama orientalis, Emblica officinalis, Cassia fistula etc. The shrubs and undergrowth are characterized by Indigofera pulchella, Ardisia solenacea, Flemingia chhapar, Helicteres ixora and Clerodendron viscosum etc. Generally, sal is more aggressive than any of its associates and constitutes around 70 to 75% of the top canopy. The middle storey is rare. The quality of Sal varies from all India Quality II to IV. Quality II sal is mainly confined to the valleys while Q III occurs on the hill slopes of moderate gradient. Q.IV sal mainly confined in the ridges. Q I sal is completely absent. Interspersed amongst the wooded land is grasslands which may be in small or medium patches which are very important for the herbivores in the forests. And, in case of degraded forests, areas are mostly open and having scrubby growth of some of the above referred species.

Heterotrophs: The species structure of major communities is as follows: -

x Primary heterotrophs are Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Cheetal (Axis axis), Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Elephant (Elephas maximus) etc.

x Secondary heterotrophs are Leopard (Panthera pardus), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Civet cat ( Vivericula indica), Wild boar (Sus scrofa) etc.

x Scavengers and other animals are Hyaena (Hyaena hyaena); Jackal (Canis aureus); Wild dog (Cuon alpinus); Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus); Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsii); large Indian squirrel (Ratufa indica) and Otters (Lutrogale perspiciclata)etc

x The primates are represented by the common Langur (Presbytis entellus) and the common Pati (Macaca mullata).

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x Amongst the snakes, Ahiraj (Naja Hannah), Dhamana (Zamaris nucosus), Cobra (Naja tripudians), Viper (Vipera russelii), the Krait (Bungarus candidus) and common green whip snake (Dryophis nasutrus) with Python (Python molurus) and branded krait (Bungarus candidus - sp) are found all over the divisions.

The avifauna includes peafowl, red jungle fowl, common quail, green pigeon, the imperial pigeon, doves, the hill mynas, the red-vented bulbuls, the golden back and the pied wood-peckers, the koels, the crow pheasants, large Indian parakeets, the common king fisher, the common horn-bills, the common Indian night jar, the screech owl, the great horned owl, the swifts, pariah kite, the eagles, bush quail (Perdicula asiatica), the grey patridge, the cattle egret, storks, the jungle crow etc. they are found all over the division.

METHODS OF TREATMENT

Maintaining special habitats

Special wildlife habitats, which are biological in origin and provide habitat functions for small wild animals need to be protected and maintained. They include snags, snag recruits, den trees, downwood, isolated large old trees, trees with fluting boles, buttresses, lianas, some significant species of fruit bearing trees and shrubs. These special habitats have been neglected in the past in these Divisions. Care should be taken while implementing the plan to identify and maintain these special habitats especially in the areas coming under the Selection working Circle. These prescriptions have been included in the marking rules under selection working circle.

Snags: The traditional forestry operations prescribe removal of all existing or potential snags. Such trees are otherwise used by a variety of specific wildlife species, particularly wood peckers, barbets, owlets, nuthatches, hornbills and mammals that den in tree hollows and cavities. Living trees with cavities may have greater longevity. Considering its importance, it is proposed to retain 10 snags of large size twice the number of potential snag recruits per hectare in a randomly distributed pattern. The trees should normally be greater than 20

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cm GBH and greater than 5 meter in height. Retained snags need to appear in the compartment history.

Snag recruits: Likewise, 5 snag recruits per hectare should be maintained. These are dying trees, mostly affected by heart rot but not quite dead. They can be recognized by their external symptoms. All such trees, which are being retained, need to be reflected in the compartment histories. These, along with snags provide a very good substrate for epiphytic orchids.

Down wood: Fallen trees are subject to salvage logging. Large hollow logs are generically but encountered in worked coupes for reasons of being uneconomical in terms of haulage and subsequent disposal. Usually the local villagers are allowed to reduce such logs to firewood and cart away the pieces. Such habitat elements have otherwise value for a surprisingly diverse array of life forms, ranging from solid bacteria to fungi, mollusks, arthropods, amphibians, small mammals; it is studied that unique species, assemblages, occur, during different stages of decay. Thus, providing fresh, hard down wood begins the decay cycle and provides for the greatest opportunity for the most species.

It is problematic that such habitat elements such as retained standing large trees may be illicitly taken which is most likely. Under such circumstances, local people should be made to understand regarding their retention in the interest of biodiversity conservation.

Considering this it is proposed to retain at least 5 large hollow logs randomly distributed on the forest floor per hectare area. If there is a combination of fallen trees and hollow logs or fallen trees alone, the same number and pattern should be followed. Trees fallen partially in the stream should be treated as a separate category and they should be retained in their position as far as possible. Buffering of special lithic habitats, caves, overhang, cliffs, talus, rock shelters, earthen burrows and pen sites is also significant in the matter. These should suitably find place in the compartment history.

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Large old trees: The poorer the grain and bole condition for commercial use, the better it is for wild life. Examples are trees with deeply twisted boles, furrowed bark, peeling bark, many natural cavities etc. species such as creepers, bats, shrews, snakes and other than often use such natural crevices and cavities as hiding, resting and nesting sites.

The intent is to provide a scattered remnant of the original canopy super structure and large boles. It is the structure afforded by larger boles and by tall, deep canopies on large older trees that is the objective. In some stands, retention of existing mature seed or fruit bearing non-commercial trees will meet this objective if not, additional trees retained can help. The canopies of such trees are used by a variety of bird species normally found in the canopies of dense, older forests and by some arboreal lizards and snakes, although in lower densities and frequencies of occurrence than in true old ĨŽƌĞƐƚƐ͘ ^ƚŝůů ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ͚ĐŽŶŶĞĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ͛ ŽĨ ƐƵĐŚ ĐĂŶŽƉLJ ŚĂďŝƚĂƚ ĂĐƌŽƐƐ ďƌŽĂĚĞƌ landscape areas is invaluable for linking populations among denser forest stands. Considering its importance it is proposed that tree species which tend to have flaking and splitting bark of trees irrespective of the species label exhibiting such condition should be retained at the rate of 5 randomly distributed trees per hectare (managed forests). These are also likely to contribute aggregation of sloughed bark on the forest floor.

It is however feared that subsequent fires may destroy these trees, or that the trees themselves might induce fire spread into the canopy. The ground around each retained tree can be scarified to mineral soil (scrapping away existing litter or duff) to a radius of 2-3 meter.

Fruit bearing and some fodder bearing species are prohibited from felling but largely these are species important in context of use by tribal. The parallel wildlife interest is also served but without any consideration to wildlife. There needs to be an objective survey for documenting a list of fodder leaf, flowers, fruit, seed bearing tree species including or in addition tree species whose bark and roots are of significant value to wildlife. It should therefore be ensured to maintain such tree species as populations well distributed over the

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management area. The interest of their regeneration and recruitment needs to be safeguarded.

Trees with fluting boles and buttresses and holes at the base: These are expected to occur in very low densities represented by a small number of species. They provide significant microhabitat functions for different small mammals. One such tree at least, the largest possible, needs to be retained per hectare and entered in the compartment history.

Lianas and tangled climbers: Climber cutting operation is a standard practice and prescription for the same is there in all working circles. However lianas provide significant habitat functions in support of mobility of arboreal animals, and depending on animal species, serve as resting and escape cover for primates. They are equally

important for arboreal small carnivores, some rodents and lizards. A climber with tangles is especially important. Climbers like snags are routinely cut and removed under all felling, tending and cultural operations. If large climbers exist, then at least 5 large climbers per hectare should be retained.

Fruit bearing trees and shrubs: All fruit bearing tree species are not to be felled as they provide fruits to local human inhabitants and wildlife. The information on human use is probably complete but the same cannot be said of wildlife. The literature survey, expert consultations and personal observations undertaken earlier needs to be established. Such significant elements need to be retained. Marking rules need to be specific on this.

Roosting/Nesting trees: All trees which are known to support nesting colonies of water birds or roosting congregations of raptors/other birds need to be retained. This is crucial especially with reference to vultures, which are critically ĞŶĚĂŶŐĞƌĞĚĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚWĂůůĂƐ͛Ɛ Fishing Eagle, which have become very rare and on the verge of extinction. There should be a mention in the Compartment histories about the trees so retained.

Preservation of Grass Land: Grassland is popularly applied to a relatively large area dominated by grasses, sparse distribution or absence of trees. In

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ĨŽƌĞƐƚĞĚ ĂƌĞĂƐ͕ ƚƌĞĞůĞƐƐ ŽƉĞŶŝŶŐƐ Žƌ ƐŝƚĞƐ ĂƌĞ ĐĂůůĞĚ ͚ůĂŶŬƐ͛ Žƌ ŐƌĂƐƐ ďůĂŶŬƐ͘ KĨƚĞŶ grasslands in the vicinity of villages are planted to prevent encroachments, grasslands otherwise need to be managed for their associated characteristic structural, biological attributes, ecological functions and physical integrity. Notable identifiable meadows are available inside Baranga RF, Hatibandha RF, Patilo RF, Pradhanpada RF, Padmapur RF, Poipani RF, Santoshpur RF (Ratuan) & Samakoi RF. All these meadows are to be maintained for prevention of invasion of weed species annually.

As regards allowing the extent of occupation of trees in grasslands, it is proposed that trees in scattered form should be allowed to come due to obvious reasons. Trees which give good shed as well as fruit especially Ficus species should be planted in such a way that overall 2 trees are retained at the maximum per 1 ha of grassland area.

Keystone Species: The key stone species are animals or plants, which by virtue of their presence or absence alter the structure of a community. Ficus spps fruits through out the year, if not the same tree different tree at different times continue to fruit and frugivorous birds have a strong relationship with this species. Thus Ficus species represent key stone function recognition and maintenance of such species and elements is critically important and hence proposed.

Development of Habitat

Habitat shall be developed with the cooperation of local people using sound silvicultural techniques. The aim should be to provide more food, water and shelter to the wild life so as to even reduce the man-animal conflict.

Improving the Cover: Different wild animals require cover for different purposes. Cover for breeding, parturition, escape and shelter are common to all categories of wild animals. Carnivores require ambush covers to hunt their prey. Providing adequate forest cover to different wild animals within their habitat is necessary for shelter and protection of wild animals from weather, predators and enemies. Keeping in view this aspect, it has been prescribed in

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Selection Working Circle not to fell even those mature trees, which create a lasting gap in the canopy. It is also prescribed not to fell trees near water holes, wallows, and saltlicks to maintain cover. In case of rehabilitation working circle it has been prescribed for mixed plantations instead of monoculture, to create ground flora and middle storey to provide cover for different types of wild animals. Tree cover around the stream, water holes and salt licks shall also be maintained and improved.

Improving availability of Food: The adequacy of food in a particular wild life habitat depends upon the quality and quantity of food produced and the animal population living therein. Keeping in view this aspect of wild life management, the exploitable ĚŝĂŵĞƚĞƌŽĨĂůůƐƉĞĐŝĞƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶŬĞƉƚƚŽϱ͛ĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƌĞŵŽǀĂůŽĨĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂďůĞ size trees has been properly regulated and safe-guarded. Similarly under various subsidiary silvicultural operations like opening of canopy, thinning of congested patches, improving the general availability of food shall always be taken into consideration. For these reasons and also, for their utility as NTFPs, the fruit bearing trees have been prohibited from felling under the respective working circles. Further, the species as discussed in the following paragraphs will be part of any plantations taken in forest areas.

™ Food availability in a habitat changes with the season. Herbivores depend on plant materials like leaves, barks, twigs, flowers, fruits and seeds of species like Mallotus philippinensis, Adina cordifolia, Albizzia lebbek, Aegle marmelos, Cassia fistula, Ficus bengalensis, Ougeinia ougenensis, Shorea robusta, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia alata, Terminalia belerica, Zizyphus mauritiana, Bombax ceiba etc.

™ Deer, Monkey, Langur, Rats and Hare feed on wild fruits of plants like Ficus species, Terminalia belerica, Buchanania lanzan, Aegle marmelos, Syzygium cumini, Emblica officinalis, Zizyphus mauritiana, Diospyros melanoxylon, Grewia hirsute etc. These animals help in dispersal of fruits and seeds in the forests.

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™ ŵŽŶŐ ƚŚĞ ƉůĂŶƚ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ͕ ŐƌĂƐƐĞƐ ĐŽŶƐƚŝƚƵƚĞ ŵĂũŽƌ ƉŽƌƚŝŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚĞƌďŝǀŽƌĞƐ͛ food. Grasses, which are highly preferred and consumed by herbivores, are Axonopus compresses; Eragrostis pilosa; Saccharum bengalensis etc. These grasses should be raised in the wild life concentrated areas to meet the food requirement of herbivores.

™ Five herds of elephants have been noticed in both the divisions. On the way, they make heavy damage to the paddy fields, other agricultural crops and houses. To enrich fragmented corridor it is proposed to delineate a one Kilometer wide area and cover the same with tree species consisting of Ficus species, Dillenia species, Char, Kendu, Salia Bamboo and other palatable fruit bearing species.

Weed Eradication: Weed infestation is a major concern in management of Keonjhar Forests. All open areas, highly disturbed such as areas adjacent to human habitations, roadsides, fire affected and some of the otherwise degraded patches has been affected mainly by Eupatorium odoratum and Lantana camara. The infested areas are mainly confined to Atai, Kanjipani, Barabanka, Karo, Siddhamath, Uliburu, Khondbond, Baitarani A & B, Renda etc. This unbridled spread of weeds needs immediate eradication by uprooting during rainy season. The area after weeding should be taken up for meadow development. Total area under weed growth comes to 2000 hectares approximately and every year 200 hectares will be taken up to complete the assignment during the plan period.

Preservation of Swamps: Swamps are otherwise termed as waterlogged small sites. Swamps are materially different than the surrounding habitats. Their biological values and ecological functions are different. Swamps are drained by agriculturists. Unethical fishing practices pollute the swamp waters. Effluents from village washings led to swamps, swamps are even ignored in forest areas as well considering its importance; it is proposed to protect such sites from all such disturbances in order to maintain biological diversity.

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Water availability: Generally, there is no dearth of water from July to December. However, scarcity is felt from January to June, when most of the nullahs and streams dry up. Hence, it is necessary to create waterholes and check dams on the higher slopes across nullahs to improve water availability during summer. The important interventions required in different RFs / PRFs are given below.

Location for creation of Water harvesting structures

Name of the Name of the Nala Compartment / Name of the structures RF/PRF Location (Check dam/ water harvesting structures/ water holes etc. Badanala 23,24,29,27,28 Check dam Atei Dhaluanala 33,34 Check dam 14,15,16 Water holes Mushal Kanheigola Check dam Garagadabahal Check dam Rebana Ostiaposi Check dam Kusei Budhipada Check dam Nolha Check dam Renda Hanumantia Renda PRF Check dam Bandhanjhari Khajuria 2 Check dam Baranala 16,17,18 Check dam Kalapat Budhal Harini 21 Check dam Sindhi 20 Check dam Siddhamath Gamlei 13,14 Check dam Karo Pacheri 6,7,8 Check dam

Besides the above, the Divisional Forest Officer can construct more water holes in suitable areas for the interest of the wild animals. Grasslands should be developed in few pockets of the above areas.

Distribution of natural salt licks: There are good numbers of natural salt licks scattered being mostly on sides of nallas and in foothills. These shall be

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maintained and improved upon. New salt licks to be created in areas where more protection can be provided to the wildlife like near anti-smuggling/poaching camps, beat houses, rest houses etc after careful study. Some Reserved Forests like Baranga, Samakoi are rich with deer. Hence more salt licks should be made in these areas.

ii. Status of implementation of the prescription:

As regards implementation of prescriptions of approved Wildlife Management plan, no much work has been done in the area. However, the following works have been taken up under CAMPA.

Baitarani-A, B - R Fs Subsidiary Silvicultural Operations and Soil Moisture Conservation work over 683.46 ha during the year 2013- 14 Khandabandh Mining 2. Subsidiary Silvicultural Operations and Soil Moisture Conservation work over 800 ha. from the year Lease area 2010-11 to 2013-14 3. Fire lines over the entire area. Safety Zone of Joda East Subsidiary Silvicultural Operations and Soil Moisture Conservation work over 8.560 ha. mining Lease area Safety Zone of Joda West Subsidiary Silvicultural Operations and Soil Moisture mining Lease area Conservation work over 1.792 ha. Bamebari Mining Lease Subsidiary Silvicultural Operations and Soil Moisture area of TISCO Conservation work (RDF) over 7.097 ha. Khandabandh Mining area Subsidiary Silvicultural Operations and Soil Moisture safety zone Conservation work (RDF) over 5.962 ha. Jilling-Longlata Lease area Block Plantation over 29.598 ha. of ESSEL Mining

The following chapter indicates the provisions made for the surrounding projects of mining project under consideration.

J. Indicative Plan:

i Other Projects proposed / operating in the impact zone.

There are 35 nos. (including the current one) of mining projects coming within a radius of 10 kms. The list of such mining projects has been indicated earlier. The total area of these projects including the current one is 9104.424 ha.

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Therefore the effective impact area is within a radius of 12.008 kms radius. Out of the total 35 projects within the radius of 10 kms, the Site Specific Wild Life Conservation Plan for the following projects has been approved.

Sl. No. Name of the Project 1 Bhanja Mineral-Inganijharan Iron & Mn M* 2 Indrani Pattanaik 3 Jalhari Iron & Mn Mines 4 Jiling Iron & Dolomite Mines 5 KJS Alluwalia Nuagaon Iron 6 KMC-39 7 OMDC-Kolharoida 8 Rungta-Jajang 9 Rungta-Silioda 10 Rungta Katasahi Iron & Mn Mines 11 Serazudin-Balda 12 Tarini-Jururi ii. Summary of mitigative measures proposed in the Conservation Plan of proposed/ operating projects:

The total financial provision for these mines is Rs. 1801.06 lakhs. The activities which are proposed to be undertaken and the amount proposed are given below:

Particulars of proposed Intervention Amount (Rs. In Lakhs) Habitat development with ANR/ Plantation activities 403.22 Grass land & Fodder development 24.21 Soil & Moisture conservation activities (Check dams, Contour 67.50 trenches, WHS etc) Creation/ Renovation of Water bodies, Game Tanks 115.00 Forest Fire Prevention 136.50 Bio-diversity Study and Monitoring 66.00

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Provision of Salt Licks 15.50 Provision of Solar Fencing to restrict the movement of elephants 109.92 Formation and maintenance of Anti-Poaching-cum- Anti- 305.40 Depredation Squad Provision of Corpus Fund 84.00 Creation of Awareness 60.00 Intelligence collection 10.00 Provision of Equipments 93.50 Monitoring & Evaluation 25.00 Farm Forestry and distribution of free seedlings 24.00 Alternate avocation and Income generation activities for the local 54.00 people Unforeseen and Contingencies and others 165.85 Cattle Immunization 16.00 Support to VSS 29.00 Staff Training 4.00 TOTAL 1801.06

K. Detailed study report of Project and Project impact area:

i. List of Experts involved in the study.

Shri P. K. Sarangi, I.F.S (Retd.), Shri Sangram Ray, OFS(I) Retd. and Shri B. R. Das, OFS(I) Retd. took up the study along with the officials and staff of the TATA Steels Ltd.

ii. Sites visited

The project area is an old mining area and large portions have been broken up. Two pockets such as Block-A and Block-B of Guruda Block were selected where the original vegetation is available for detail study.

Since impact zone extends over two RFs i.e. Sidhamath and Baitarani Reserved Forests. The study was taken up in Sidhamath Reserved Forest area. iii. Period of study / duration of study

The study was taken up for a period of one week from dt. 10.11.2013 to 16.11.2013.

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iv. Methodology and sampling procedure

Vegetation study:

Project area:

The project area is an old mining area and large portions have been broken up. Two patches were selected where the original vegetation is available for detail study. The methodology followed for detail study was:

1. In each patch one sample plot of size 30m x 30m was laid. The list of trees was recorded.

2. Secondary sample plots of size 5m x 5m was laid at random within the primary sample plot. The list of all herbs and shrubs available in this sample plot was prepared.

3. Tertiary sample plots of size 1m x 1m were laid within the secondary sample plot and the list of ground cover including grasses was prepared.

Project Impact area:

Since impact zone extends over some RFs it was felt prudent to take up the study in the Reserved Forest area. Sidhamath Reserved Forest was taken for the study. The methodology adopted for the study was as follows:

1. A base line of 500mts was selected in E-W direction. 2. Two transacts lines of 500mts each perpendicular to the baseline one at a distance of 125 mts from the starting point and the other at a distance of 375 mts from the starting point was drawn. On the first transact line a sample plot of size 30m x 30m was marked at a distance of 150mts (transact line points 135mts to 165mts and 15 mts on either side of the transact line). On the second transact line the sample plot of size 30m x 30m was marked at a distance of 350mts (335 mts to 365 mts) as per the above procedure. 3. The list of the tree species available within the sample plot was prepared. Specimens of unidentified plants were preserved for further identification identification.

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CHAPTER - II PROJECT IMPACT

A. Project Impact on Environment:

Mining operation frequently involve a high degree of environmental impacts, which can extend well beyond the mineralised areas. An assessment of the environmental and health impact of the operation of mines has become essential and pre-requisite over the

years. Air pollution caused by the emission of particulate matter, Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) due to the operation of mines results in the health hazards to the exposed population. The environmental problem associated with Iron and Manganese ore during mining, in storage, handling and transportation results in severe impact. Keeping in mind environmental base line data has been collected for the project site as well as for 10 km ZoI.

The environmental base line has been assessed covering an area of 10 km radius, termed as Impact Area of the project. A reconnaissance survey of the study area was initially conducted to identify environmentally sensitive spots located within the study area. Environmental base line data was collected through primary surveys as well as from secondary sources by literature survey and discussions with the concerned departments/agencies.

Possible impacts:

The Environmental Impact Assessment study has elaborately described the possible impacts on the Human population, Flora & Fauna. The Environment Management Plan has set out broad guidelines and protective measures for amelioration of the impacts. But there will be specific impacts on flora and fauna which are to be dealt in detail under this plan. The following Impacts are anticipated in the project area and project impact area.

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Top Soil

Topsoil occurs over the ore and waste rock surfaces which will be taken up for ore excavation. The thickness of top soil varies from location to location from nil on exposed out crop and steeply sloping surfaces, to about 0.5 in valleys and depression.

During initial development of mine and subsequently top soil and alluvium is to be separately taken out to be stored exclusively in a dump for future use before taking up plantations.

Major part of the forest land will come under the mining pit setting aside the safety zone. Therefore soil erosion will take place which may cause formation of Gullies and Ravines leading to further destruction of Forest as well as wild-life habitat. The possibility of land slide also cannot be ruled out.

Overburden:

The over burden will be removed by mechanised means. Hydraulic shovel type excavators will be used for removal of over burden. Transportation of overburden will be done by dumpers. As envisaged in the Mining Plan, the accrued waste generation during the approved mine plan period of 05 years has been estimated to be 9,90,000 m3 x 05yrs = 49,50,000 m3 which will be spreaded over 33.556 ha. (covered under mining). Besides that the removal of Manganese ore will be 85,000 MT x 05yrs = 4,25,000 MT during the period. ii. Impact on vegetation:

Due to excavation for mining, the existing vegetation (Trees, Shrubs, Herbs /climbers, Grasses and medicinal plants) over the area will disappear, in phases as per progress of the mined out area. Similarly, due to influx of labour force, there may be a sudden spurt in demand of small timber and fire wood thereby shifting the additional biotic pressure on the surrounding forests causing further destruction of forests within the impact area. This will lead to depletion of quantity and quality of flora.

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Reduction in wildlife habitats: Due to the mining activities 68.914 ha of forest area will be destroyed during life of the mine. The forests with in the mining area will be destroyed and this area will also not be available for use by the wild animals. Thus Wild- Life Habitat to the extent will be reduced. Besides the biotic pressure which was absorbed by the forests of this area will now be shifted to the adjoing forest areas within the impact area. Hence the forests of the impact area will be subjected to further depletion.

Impact on Vegetation in general: The vegetation within the project area will be almost destroyed except safety zone. Even the areas taken up for plantation will not be available for the wild animals immediately. Due to desiccation condition caused by digging of large mine pits, the vegetation around the mine pits may also be destroyed. iii. Impact on water regime:

Impact on Water quantity/ Loss of Moisture: Due to mining activity there will be large scale evaporation from the exposed soil and moisture retention capacity of the soil along the periphery of the mine pits will be reduced and cause dessication which may lead to further destruction of vegetation. The sub-soil water of the surrounding area will also be reduced. Due to the process of dewatering and releasing huge quantities of water in to the natural drainage system the Sub-soil water as well as the ground water in the area may reduce posing the problem of water scarcity.

Water accumulation: Due to excavation, huge quantity of water will be accumulated in the mine pits. As a result of which wild animals will be attracted and ultimately may be trapped in the pits which will be fatal for them.

Water pollution: Kundra, the perennial nala flows along the northern boundary of the project area which is the major natural drainage line of the project area. The water along with slurry will be pumped out from the mine pit and released to the natural drainage system. Such activity will pollute the natural water source of Kundra nala which is a perennial source of water.

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Beside the water source available within the mining area is likely to be muddy due to presence of large amount of dust and broken up soil. Some oily substance may also be released from various machineries and vehicles and contaminate the water in the mine area. The local water source is also likely to be contaminated due to excessive plying and cleaning of heavy vehicles and machineries. Use of Slurry pumps for de-watering purpose and releasing of the said water along with Slurry in the natural drainage system will contaminate the natural streams and pose health hazards for the human population as well as animals iv. Impact on air:

Air pollution:

In semi mechanised opencast mine, mining operations such as mining extraction, loading and unloading, movement of dumpers on haul roads and external dumping and sizing of ore etc are expected to generate airborne

fugitive dusts. Existing level of SO2 and NOx in the proposed core zone area is below 10 μg/m3 in almost all the readings. Comparatively higher level of SPM and RPM are expected due to fine particles which becomes easily airborne after blasting and in haul roads. Due to high specific gravity of the ore raising of dusts shall not be much. But excavated wastes shall raise the airborne dust level to some extent.

The futuristic plan indicates that the mining project will not have any stack. Prediction of fugitive dusts has been made with the help of computerised fugitive dispersion model. The model is generally based on Gaussian Plume formulation for computing concentrations. The model has been applied under given geomining conditions, considering the worst possible scenario, as per the futuristic mine plan of Bamebari mine using monitored / collected basic meteorological input parameters for the site.

Due to the increase in Particulate matter there will be no adverse effect on Environment.

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Dust hazards: The mining process will generate large amount of dust. The activities which produce dust are:

¾ Drlling, blasting, excavation and transportation of overburden;

¾ Drilling, blasting, excavation and transportation of Ore;

¾ Construction and demolition activities like construction of workshop, land cleaning, handling of debries and materials etc.;

¾ Loading, unloading of mineral and movement of vehicles and equipments;

¾ Wind erosion;

¾ Movement of vehicles on haul roads at the time of transportation of mineral and overburden.

The dust generated in the mining process will create respiratory problems in wild animals as well as human beings. Large amount of dust will settle on the Grasses and other fodder plants making the fodder plants unfit for consumption. These fodders when taken by animals will cause Digestive problems. As the dust pollution will affect more to the human population, adequate steps have been proposed in the Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management plan.

B. Pollutants - Quantum and Impact:

The following are predicted based on fugitive dispersion modelling.

x As (i) the fugitive pollution is localised and (ii) there is no stack, pollution transport from mining area to the villages shall be low. Further, dust generated, if any, in excavation area shall be suppressed through water sprinkling.

x While transporting manganese ore from mine to Ferro Alloys Plant, Joda as manganese ore is hard lumpy in nature, substantial raising of dust during transportation is not expected.

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x About 0.3 Kl/d of HSD shall be consumed at the project, which corresponds

to meager contribution of SO2 considering 0.25% mandatory limit of sulphur in HSD. There is no potential source of NOx generation at the core zone

other than blasting. Thus SO2 and NOx levels shall remain very less throughout the life of the mine and hence have not been considered for predictive modeling.

x The region is devoid of any industry (other than mines). The existing background level of dust, as indicated by the present (premining) monitored data, is also less. The estimated dust level rise shall not cause any appreciable impact in core zone and neighbouring environment.

The impact of the above pollutants may be:

x Washing away of silt and other fine particles from the dumps which will also pollute the water source.

x There is likelihood of abandoning used batteries, filter materials containing oily sludge containing hazardous materials.

x Used oils may also be scattered carelessly within the project area.

x Cleaning and washing of of the Vehicles and Machineries may also generate oily sludge and greasy materials.

x Other pollutants such as used Polythene bags, Tin foils, Aluminium foils, left over food materials, packing cases etc will also be generated within the project area.

x Huge quantities of dust will be generated in the mining process.

x Due to the Blasting operation some poisonous gases may be generated. i. Soil: Major part of the forest land will come under the mining pit setting aside the safety zone. Therefore soil erosion will take place which may cause formation of Gullies and Ravines leading to further destruction of Forest as well as wild-life habitat. The possibility of land slide also cannot be ruled out.

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ii. Air

In semi mechanised opencast mine, mining operations such as mining extraction, loading and unloading, movement of dumpers on haul roads and external dumping and sizing of ore etc are expected to generate airborne

fugitive dusts. Existing level of SO2 and NOx in the proposed core zone area is below 10 μg/m3 in almost all the readings. Comparatively higher level of SPM and RPM are expected due to fine particles which becomes easily airborne after blasting and in haul roads. Due to high specific gravity of the ore raising of dusts shall not be much. But excavated wastes shall raise the airborne dust level to some extent.

iii. Water:

The water source available within the mining area is likely to be muddy due to presence of large amount of dust and broken up soil. Some oily substance may also be released from various machineries and vehicles and contaminate the water in the mine area. The local water source is also likely to be contaminated due to excessive plying and cleaning of heavy vehicles and machineries. Use of Slurry pumps for de-watering purpose and releasing of the said water along with Slurry in the natural drainage system will contaminate the natural streams and pose health hazards for the human population as well as animals. iv. Vegetation:

The vegetation within the project area will be almost destroyed except safety zone. Even the areas taken up for plantation will not be available for the wild animals immediately. Due to desiccation condition caused by digging of large mine pits, the vegetation around the mine pits may also be destroyed.

v. Animals:

Thus Wild-Life Habitat to the extent will be reduced. Besides the biotic pressure which was absorbed by the forests of this area will now be

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shifted to the adjoing forest areas within the impact area. Hence the forests of the impact area will be subjected to further depletion.

C. Anticipated degradation of Forest resource: i. Model adopted for quantification of anticipated degradation:

This Plan aims at creating proper habitat for the wildlife and to ameliorate the adverse effects of mining operation. The ideal model for the purpose could be to achieve the forest cover with minimum 0.8 crown density. At present the forests within the impact area are mostly open with crown density of 0.3 to 0.4. The desired density can be achieved by strengthening protection along with planting in the gaps and also protection from fire. ii. Qualitative changes in wildlife habitat pattern:

There are a number of Reserved Forests as well as several Forest kissam Land within the Zone of Influence. Due to the mining operation there will be some disturbance in the surrounding area, particularly within the Reserved Forests situated in the Impact Zone.

Due to mining activity over the lease area, the biotic pressure which was exerted over the lease area will be shifted to the surrounding areas. Collection of fuel wood, small timber and other NTFP by the local people will also be shifted to the surrounding areas which will create heavy pressure on the adjoining forest areas. Grazing pressure of the local Cattle will also be shifted to these forests. There are 02(two) numbers of Forest Blocks within the Impact area. These Forest Blocks will come under additional Biotic pressure. Therefore the wildlife habitat in these Forest areas is likely to be disturbed.

Physiographic change of the habitat:

For the mining activity large pits will be dug. However some portions of the pits or some of the pits can be back filled by overburden & top soil stored separately as per mine closure plan. But these materials will not be enough for back filling of all the pits. Hence the original physiography of the area will be

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changed thereby disturbing the present wildlife habitat.

As per the base line data of fauna, there is no endangered fauna within the projectarea. However, Schedule-II Mammals like Jackal, snakes and other reptiles, found within the project area may be affected by project implementation. Further, Scheduled animals like Sloth bear, Elephants reptiles like Ajgar and monitor lizzard found within the impact area may be affected by project implementation.

D. Perceived threats due to project implementation: i. Threats to Forest Flora

Flora: There is local demand for fuel wood, Cattle grazing, Collection of NTFP, collection of small timber and building materials. Some portion of these materials were being collected from the forests areas covered under the project. Now after implementation of the project, these biotic pressures will be shifted to the surrounding forests. The additional pressure due to diversion of forest land for mining purpose will cause further degradation of the surrounding Reserve Forests and within the impact area in particular. ii. Threats to Forest Fauna

Fauna: Due to ongoing mining activities in and around the project area, the wildlife habitat has been disturbed and therefore important wild animals are not present in the area. However some animals along with elephants are found in parts of the Reserved Forests within the impact area. The elephants in particular visit the agriculture land during paddy crop season.

From the recorded data it can be seen that, there has been depredation by elephants during the past three years. Due to the implementation of the project the threats to wildlife can be perceived as:

1. Direct Threat

2. Indirect Threat

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Direct threat is killing and hunting of wild animals due to various reasons such as to collect wild animal meat, accidental killing due to movement of large number of vehicles, machineries and equipments.

Forest fire also poses a direct threat as a number of small and medium animals are trapped and killed in the forest fire, and some times the large animals are also trapped.

Indirect threat is due to shrinkage and degradation of habitat, Shortage of Food and water. The animals in search of food and water try to enter in to habitations. Most of the man animal conflict takes place due to indirect threat.

E. Vehicular traffic and its impact: i. Probable increase in Vehicular traffic:

The following vehicles and equipments will be deployed for the mining project:

Sl. Type of Size/Capacity of HP No of Motive power No. Vehicle/equipments each unit units 2.1m3 225 3 Non-electrical 1. Excavator 0.9 m3 180 1 Non-electrical 30 t 280 6 Non-electrical 2. Dumper 25 t 230 10 Non-electrical 3. Dozer D-60 220 1 Non-electrical 4. F.E. Loader 1.35 cum 180 1 Non-electrical 5. Placer dumper 5 t 31.5 1 Non-electrical 6. Welding generator 300 amp 10 2 Non-electrical 7. Jeep 8 Heads 23.2 2 Non-electrical 8. Bus 52 Heads 31.5 1 Non-electrical 9. Explosive van - 31.5 1 Non-electrical 10 Truck 10 MT 31.5 1 Non-electrical 11. Crane 3 MT 110 1 Non-electrical

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ii. Impact on Flora and Fauna:

The movement and operation of the above vehicles will result in the following problems.

¾ A large work force will move in and around the project area creating disturbance.

¾ Movement of a number of heavy vehicles and operation of HEMM and other equipments will produce large quantities of dust and noise.

¾ The workforce may depend on the surrounding forest areas for collection of fuel, small timber etc. and further degrade the forest.

¾ The dust generated in the mining process will settle on the plant leaves and inhibit the growth of plants.

Similarly the Fauna present in and around the project area will be affected. The following may be the perceived impact:

¾ Due to deposit of large amount of dust on grasses and fodder plants, there will be shortage of palatable fodder for the animals.

¾ The movement of the Heavy vehicles and machineries will generate a lot of noise creating panic among the wild animals.

¾ The vehicular lights will also scare the animals.

¾ The movement of the vehicles may also cause accidental death of the animals.

F. Pollution and its Impact: i. Noise pollution:

The proposed mining operation will be open cast mechanized method. In this open cast mechanized mining, various sources of noise in the area are attributable mainly due to drilling, blasting, operation of compressor, loading and haulage, operation of diesel pump and vehicular traffic. Operation of

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heavy machinery and Blasting in the mining area will produce large amount of sound which may cause disturbance to wild animals. Movement of large number of heavy vehicles in and around the lease area will disturb the wild animals and create panic within the mpact area. The wild animals will try to avoid the area frequented by heavy vehicles and therefore these areas will not be available to them.

The various sources of noise mentioned above shall only be periodical and is limited to a fixed period of operation only. In addition to this, the transportation of ores might cause a little effect on the noise level.

Adverse effects of noise can either be audible, physiological, or behavioural. Auditory effects can be direct loss of hearing or threshold shift in decibel.

The Environmental Impact assessment has been carried out in the area and it has been found out that, the Noise Levels are within permissible limits. ii. Water pollution.

Water Pollution: The water source available within the mining area is likely to be muddy due to presence of large amount of dust and broken up soil. Some oily substance may also be released from the machineries and vehicles and contaminate the water in the mine area. The water is also likely to be contaminated due to excessive plying and cleaning of heavy vehicles and machineries. Use of Slurry pumps for de-watering purpose and releasing the said water along with Slurry in the natural drainage system will contaminate the natural streams and pose health hazards for the human population as well as animals. iii. Air Pollution

Air Polluton: The mining process will generate large amount of dust. The activities which produce dust are:

x Drlling, blasting, excavation and transportation of overburden; x Drilling, blasting, excavation and transportation of ore;

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x Construction and demolition activities like construction of workshop, land cleaning, handling of debries and materials etc.; x Loading, unloading of ore and overburden and movement of vehicles and equipments;

x Wind erosion;

x Movement of vehicles on haul roads at the time of transportation of ore and overburden.

x Ore dressing will be takenup manually. The dressing process may cause spreading of dust.

Such dust is likely to cause air pollution. This will create respiratory problems in wild animals. Large amount of dust will settle on the grasses and other fodder plants making the fodder plants unfit for consumption. These fodders when taken by animals will cause Digestive problems and health hazards. iv. Underground Pollution.

The hazardous waste like used oils, oily sludge and oily emulsion may enter in to the soil and cause underground pollution of sub-soil/ground water and also damage the vegetation. v. Probable impact on flora and fauna:

These pollutants as mentioned above are harmful for both flora and fauna.

In case of flora these pollutants may retard the growth of the plants. The hazardous pollutants may also kill the plants.

While the fauna will be severely affected by these pollutants. There will be scarcity of food and water in the area. The water source may not be of consumption quality.

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G. Study and observation:

i. Experts visited:

Sri P. K. Sarangi, IFS (Retd.), Sri S. K. Ray, OFS-I (Retd), Sri B. R. Das, OFS-I (Retd) along with the staff of Tata Steel Limited visited the Project area as well as the Reserve forests within the Impact zone.

ii. Areas visited:

The experts as indicated above visite the project area as well as Baitarani (A, B), Sidhamath RFs & their fringes to take up the study.

iii. Duration of visit

The study was taken up for a period of one week from dt. 10.11.2013 to dt. 16.11.2013.

iv. Observations

The habitat condition of the area is very poor. Practcally wild animals are very rare in this area. Most of these areas are having degraded forests and therefore placed under Improvement Working Circle or Rehabilitation Working Circle. Repeated Forest fire destroys the ground flora and also causes serious setback to forest regeneration. Hence steps need to be taken for prevention of Forest fire and protection of forest.

v. Records reffered to:

a. Operative Working Plan (2007-08 to 2017-18) of Keonjhar Division.

b. OR/UD registers of Champua Range from 2008-09 to 2012-13.

c. Divisional record showing human casualities/injuries by attack of Wild animals from 2008-09 to till date.

d. Divisional record showing damage to property (House, Crop, Domestic animals) by Wild animals from 2008-09 to till date.

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e. Divisional record showing compensation paid for Crop damage, Huma casualties/kill etc.

f. Divisional record showing Census of Wild animals / birds from 2008-09 to till date.

g. EIA/EMP Study report of Tiringpahar

h. Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

i. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

j. Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 and its amendments

k. Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002

l. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002

m. Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2003 and its amendments

n. EIA Notification, 2006 and its amendments

o. National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 2009

p. IS Codes & CPCB Guidelines for monitoring & analysis of air, water, soil etc. vi. Sampling methods adopted:

Since impact zone extends over some RFs it was felt prudent to take up the study in the Reserved Forest area. Sidhamath Reserved Forest was taken for the study. The methodology adopted for the study was as follows:

1. A base line of 500mts was selected in E-W direction.

2. Two transacts lines of 500mts each perpendicular to the baseline one at a distance of 125 mts from the starting point and the other at a distance of 375 mts from the starting point was drawn. On the first transact line a sample plot of size 30m x 30m was marked at a distance of 150mts (transact line points 135mts to 165mts and 15 mts on either side of the transact line). On the second transact line the sample plot of size 30m x 30m was marked at a distance of 350mts (335 mts to 365 mts) as per the above procedure.

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3. The list of the tree species available within the sample plot was prepared. Specimens of unidentified plants were preserved for further identification identification.

4. Secondary sample plots of size 5mx5m were laid at the centre of each sample plot and in this secondary sample plot the list of herbs and shrubs were prepared.

5. Tertiary sample plots of size 1mx1m were laid within the secondary sample plot to list out the grasses and ground cover.

Study of Fauna

This plan is prepared for conservation and management of wildlife depending on site specific problems. It is therefore necessary to know the wildlife species present within the lease area as well as the impact area so as to design an appropriate plan.

Methodology:

The working plan of the division was consulted to list out the probable presence of different animals.

The Wildlife offence cases and the man-animal conflict data was collected.

Direct sighting of wild animals is a rare chance. The study had to rely on indirect evidences, and information collected from the surrounding areas from various stake holders such as available records (wild life offence cases, animal depredation etc.), discussion with mine employees, Forest Department staff and with the villagers within the project area as well as the impact zone. Collection of information from such discussions yielded the desired result. Besides where ever animal signs available at the time of field study the same was taken in to consideration. The wildlife habitat has also been studied and analyzed for possible presence of the animals.

Animal signs were also observed and recorded at the time of vegetation study.

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CHAPTER ʹ III

MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES i. Objectives of Management to address issues of Wildlife Conservation

Although the basic objective of the forest land within the project area is not for wildlife management, these areas have been absorbing the local biotic pressure. Now that, these areas are diverted for mining purpose, the biotic pressure which was exerted on this land will shift to the nearby forests. Based on the information collected as per the foregoing chapters, the Management objectives can be described as: Project Area: Due to the Mining operation 68.914 ha of forest area will not be available for general purpose such as collection of fuel, small timber and other NTFP items by the local population. This area will also not be available for use by the wild animals. The objective for the project area will therefore be: 1. Protection of wild animals available within the project area. 2. Development of habitat so that, after the mine closure the area will act as wildlife habitat.

Project Impact area:

The objectives of management in the impact area are:

1. To provide maximum possible cover and protection for the animals either present within the impact area or temporarily migrating to the area. 2. To provide adequate food and water for sustainance of the wild animals.

ii. Strategies to mitigate the adverse impacts on Wildlife:

Strategies for the Project area

Habitat to be developed as a gradual process side by side with the mining

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activities.

a. Soil & Moisture Conservation:

ƒ The mining activity will involve removal of all the forest cover, top soil and digging of large pits. Major part of the forest land will come under the mining pit setting aside the safety zone. Due to digging of large pits a lot of soil erosion including formation of gullies is bound to take place which is required to be treated properly.

ƒ Similarly due to mining activity there will be large scale evaporation from the exposed soil. The moisture retention capacity of the soil along the periphery of the mine pits will reduce. The sub-soil water will also be reduced which may lead desiccation condition and destruction of some more vegetation.

The strategy in this case will be to control soil erosion as far as practicable.

b. Control of Water pollution: The water accumulated within the mining area is likely to be muddy due to presence of large amount of dust and broken up soil. It is also likely to be contaminated due to excessive plying and cleaning of heavy vehicles and machineries. Every day large amount of water is proposed to be extracted from the mine and released to the natural drainage system. This water if contaminated or polluted will also pollute the natural water source. Hence mitigation measures need to be taken in this respect.

c. Control of Air Pollution & Dust hazards: The mining process includes Blasting, Drilling, movement of heavy vehicles and machineries etc. These activities will produce large amount of dust. Such dust mixed will cause air pollution. This will create respiratory problems in wild animals. Large amount of Dust will also settle on the Grasses and other fodder plants making these plants/grasses unpalatable. Appropriate measures need to be taken to minimize this hazard.

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d. Control of Noise pollution: The Environmental Management Plan sets out that, there will be no impact of Noise produced in the Mining process. The Noise Levels are proposed to be kept within permissible limits. However operation of heavy machinery and Blasting in the mining area will produce large amount of sound which may cause disturbance to wild animals. So necessary mitigative measures will be taken to control it.

e. Waste Management: Due to various activities in the mining process, movement of large number of work force and vehicles within the mining area, a large quantity of waste and garbage will be generated within the mining area. The Garbage includes Solid Wastes such as over burden, mine waste, sub-grade ore. Besides some amount of Bio degradable waste and Hazardous waste such as used oil, used batteries, oily sludge, filter materials containing oil are likely to be generated within the project area.These materials will create pollution leading to various health problems for wild animals. So, proper handling & Management is required to avoid such contamination/pollution.

f. Preventive steps for the animals not to fall in the Mine Pits: The mine pits are dug with very steep slopes. It is necessary to take preventive steps so that, the wild animals/ domestic animals do not fall in the mine pits.

Strategies for outside project area

a. Development of habitat:

ƒ Imroving Forest cover: The wildlife habitat in the impact area should be developed so as to compensate for the biotic pressure which has been shifted from the project area to the surrounding of the project area. This can include Assisted Natural regeneration, Soil & Moisture conservation.

ƒ Provision of water for the wild animals by creation of Water body.

ƒ Forest Fire prevention: Fire hazard needs to be prevented for survival of Forest as well as Wildlife. Steps must be taken for prevention of

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CHAPTER ʹ IV (PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES WITHIN THE PROJECT SITE)

(To be implemented by the project proponent within the project area)

Due to operation of various mining activities, the Wild life present within the lease area will be threatened. Besides the Wild-life habitat is reduced to the extent of forest area involved in the project. The Wildlife Management Plan (Site Specific Conservation Plan) therefore aims at providing safe passage to the existing wild animals from the lease area to the nearby Forest areas and improving the habitat in the surrounding areas. Certain measures are also required to be taken with in the mining area.

The proposed measures can be taken within the project area by the proponent and beyond the lease area by the Government (Forest Department) with the financial support provided by the user agency.

Based on the perceived threats to wildlife as per the foregoing chapter, the Management Plan is prepared to address almost all such threats. The lease hold area as well as the Impact area and beyond will be treated for habitat improvement so that, more fodder and water will be available for the wild animals.

The life of the mine has been estimated to be 20 years for extractiong of Manganese ore.

A. Interventions inside project area (to be implemented by the project authorities):

The activities taken up in the project area will pose maximum threat to wildlife. It is therefore necessary to minimise such threat. The following steps will be taken within the lease area. i. Safe passage to Existing Wild-life

It is very important to save the existing wild animals available within the lease area and to divert them to safer locations. It can be possible to achieve such

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objective by commencing the mining activities from locations situated away from the Forest areas. Thereby the medium and large Wild animals present within the Lease area will find their way to nearby Forest areas. ii. Restoration of habitat

Within the lease area 80.667 ha will be broken up for the purpose of Mining. It is therefore not practicable to restore the Wild-life habitat in this area until the Mining activities are completed.

The proposed reclamation plan is as follows:

Area in ha. Sl. Purpose Non No. Forest Total Forest 1 Mining 46.134 55.233 101.367 2 Storing Mineral / Ore 8.596 8.554 17.150 3 Dumping of overburden 9.636 12.360 21.996 Stacking of Sub- Grade Minerals 3 A 0.000 15.865 15.865 & Top Soil 4 Storing of tools & machineries 0.000 0.000 0.000 Construction of Building, Power 5 0.000 1.761 1.761 Station, Workshop 6 Township, Housing, Colony 0.000 0.000 0.000 Construction of Road, Ropeway, 7 1.780 2.178 3.958 Railway Line 8 Magazine 0.000 0.000 0.000 Sub Total 66.146 95.951 162.097 9 Safety Zone 2.768 4.135 6.903 Grand Total 68.914 100.086 169.000

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Basing on the above Tabular Statement, the proposed reclamation plan given below:

Sl. No. Land Use End of life of Reclamation mine Ha. Plan (Ha.) 1 Excavation/ Mining 101.367 Artificial Forest

2 Area for storage/dumps 55.011 Artificial Forest

Infrastructure (Workshop, 3 1.761 Artificial Forest administrative building)

4 Roads, conveyor route, pipe line etc. 3.958 Artificial Forest

5 Safety Zone 6.903 Artificial Forest

TOTAL 169.000

Thus as per the proposed mine closure plan, the proposed un-utilized area of 43.775 ha, and the green belt area of 06.774 ha will be planted.

During the course of mining, as minimum as possible the forest land shall be brought into use and rest shall be protected. Besides the above the following steps are further taken:

1. A 7.5m wide safety zone of forest will be maintained around the mine lease area for protection of wild life and local tribal people from hazards of mining activity.

2. Vegetation of the surrounding area will not be damaged in any case.

3. Slopes of active dump areas would be put under greenery with suitable local species of herbs, shrubs, trees and grasses which may fulfill the requirement of medicine, fodder etc. needs of the inhabitants and fodder requirement of the locality to some extent as well as prevent the dust nuisance.

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4. Creation of green belt will control spreading of dust and absorb noise. iii. Solid Waste (Overburden) Management

Top soil generated during the mining period, shall be stored temporarily over the designated location. Arrangements for watering the top soil dump through internal perforated pipes shall be made to maintain moisture level in the soil.

Manganese Ore

At present, manganese mining operation at Tiringphar has one dump on northern side (Block ʹ A) of the lease which contains 701,776 m3 of overburden & the level of existing dump top is 656 mRL. There shall be two external dumps each along side the quarries in Guruda Block A & Block B on northern & southern part of the lease area.

All the overburden dumps shall be reclaimed technically and biologically completely as soon as the dumps are declared dead. However, the dump slopes shall be periodically sprinkled with water and plantation shall be carried out over the slopes. Garland drains and toe walls shall be constructed all along the dumping area in order to check the surface run off. These garland drains shall be routed through settling tank where the suspended solid shall settle down and the decanted water shall be used in the beneficiation plant. Manganese ore shall also be stabilized by afforestation over dump slopes in the next five years.

During the operation period of mining activity, several first order streams which flows from the top of the hill gets disturbed due to the hill cutting. Re-establishment of directional flow in the streams are important not only because the streams are surface recharge sources for adjoining nalas but also to regulate water flow in the disturbed area in a systematic manner. Long drainage channel shall be constructed along the quarry and dumping areas connected to settling ponds in order to arrest the suspended soild and then finally shall be discharged to the nearby water body. The drainage channels should be of adequate size to meet the load of monsoon run off.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 96

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

Dump area (overburden & sub grade ore) of 39.146 ha will be gradually planted up with grasses and other suitable species as per dump stabilization provisions. The comprehensive habitat restoration of the lease area will be as follows:

Dump stabilisation:

The dump stabilisation process will involve

- Segregation of materials

- Water sprinkling

- Regular compaction

- Terracing at dead end

- Construction retaining walls

- Provision of garland drains around the dumps leading to settling tank through a series of check dams.

- Coir-matting of dump slopes shall be undertaken in order to prevent rain-wash-offs wherever possible. The dump slopes will thereafter be vegetated.

- The entire mine pit after reclaimation will be planted up.

- Green belt will be developed and maintained along the safety zone by planting. This belt will also act as a buffer zone between the mine and the Wild-life habitat.

- In other areas some steps will also be taken by plantation to improve the aesthetic view. The lessee proposes to take up plantation along the roads and around the mine office.

- Besides the above proposed steps the overburden will be filled back in the mine pits and plantations will be taken up as per Mine Closure Plan.

This aspect has been proposed as compliance to Environment Impact Assessment Report, hence no additional funds are proposed for this.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 97

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines iv. Physiographic change of Habitat (Land Management)

Some physiographic change of the land is bound to take place after the mine closure. The available top soil and overburden will not be sufficient to fill up the mine pits. In order to address this problem, a systematic procedure will be adopted at the time of back filling.

x After a mine pit is abandoned, refilling with the available OB should be done. Only after the pit is refilled completely, refilling of the next pit will be done. Partial refilling is to be avoided.

x The surface level of the reclaimed land should be same as the surrounding area with adequate provision for compaction.

x Some of the mine pits will have to be left as such which can serve the purpose of Waterbody. The annual ore production and excavation plan is given in the table below:

Annual ore production and Excavation plan

Period Quarry/ Production OB/REJ/spoil, Block (T/ annum) (m3/annum) 2005 Gurda Block-A 65,000 4,15,000 onwards Gurda Block-B 20,000 2,00,000

Total 85,000 6,15,000

Total volume of Manganese ore to be removed is estimated 85,000 t/annum equivalent to 29,300 m3. Hence total removal of ore during the mine life period of 20 years will be 5.86 lakh m3. The ore removal will be around 4.76% of the total dug out area. Therefore the mining area can be reclaimed with with slightly less reduced level. At the time of backfilling the ultimate bench slope can be kept at 15o or 1:6 to make the area accessible to the animals. The project proponent will be takeup this activity at his own cost as per the EC Specific Condition no. A(ii). However an amount of Rs.2.00 lakhs is proposed for the same.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 98

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

v. Soil and water conservation

There will be substantial loss of moisture as well as heavy soil erosion due to mining activity. For enhancing seepage of water and to reduce soil erosion the rain water will be chanalised through garland drains provided around the dumps to the settling tanks through a series of check dams. The rain water dewatering process from the mine pit if required will involve chanalising the water along with slurry to pass through similar garland drains and settling tanks. The treated water will be utilized for spraying the haul roads for suppression of dust.

In the safety zone the rain water will be diverted through easy gradient drains to minimise soil erosion. Check-dams will be provided on the natural channels in order to prevent soil erosion in the safety zone.

These activities have been proposed in the Mining Plan, hence no separate provision is made on this account. vi. Control of Dust

Dust pollution affects more to the human beings and the workers engaged in the mining activity, besides creating problems for the wild animals. Therefore dust control is a major activity in the mining process. Dust hazards can not be completely eliminated, but attempt is made to reduce the quantum of dust generation. The Haul Road in the mining area are regularly sprinkled with water so that, dust is minimised due to movement of vehicles.

The Ore at the time of loading, transportation and unloading in and around the mining area will also be sprinkled with water to reduce dust. The important dust control measures which will be taken within the lease area will be:

x Wet drilling practice will be followed. x Spreading of dust is minimised by use of suitable explosive. x Regular sprinkling of water on other non metalled haul roads.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

x Regular water sprinkling to be done on Ore Stacks. x Over loading at the time of transport to be avoided. x Trucks carrying fine dust materials will be covered with Tarpaulins/ Poly-sheets to minimize spreading of dust during transportation. x Regular road maintenance will be taken up. x OB dumps will be planted with grasses and other suitable soil binding species. x Dust extraction system will be installed in the crusher plant. x Green belts will prevent spreading of fugitive dust.

All these dust control measures have been proposed as a requirement in the approved Mining Plan and therefore special provision is not made for this activity in this Plan. vii. Control of water pollution

Water pollution is the most important factor in mining process. The generation of water in the mining area will vary depending on the season. Huge quantities of water will be produced every day along with slurry during rainy season which are to be removed from the mining pits and released to the natural drainage system. The contaminated water due to cleaning of vehicles and machineries, scattering of hazardous waste, dumping of Garbage etc. will be diverted to treatment plants before release in to the natural water source. However during summer months the water generated in the mine pits will be disposed of by spraying on the haul roads, and suppression of dust.

The water pollution will be controlled by treatment of water before releasing the same to the natural drainage system

Since the lease area is situated on higher altitude the generation of water from the mine pit will be minimum which can be easily handled.

The discharged water will be collected in sump pits and channelled to treatment plant. The treatment plant will consist of Sedimentation pond.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

The treated water instead of releasing to the natural drainage system will be used in dust suppression on haul roads, washing of dumpers and dozers etc.

Oil and Grease recovered in the process will be stored in drums and auctioned.

Surface runoff will be collected through garland drains and diverted to sedimentation tanks. There after the overflow will be diverted to the natural drainage system.

The major steps taken for control of water pollution and water management are:

¾ Overall drainage will follow the existing natural drainage route.

¾ Garland drains provided around the quarries through catch pits and settling tanks. Clear water to discharge to the natural drainage system.

¾ Retaining walls provided around dumps.

¾ Grasses and bushes to be planted in the garland drains to arrest solid particles.

¾ Stone barriers provided across drains to check water current.

¾ Stone pitching will be done at places to regulate water flow.

¾ Pucca drains are provided at required places.

¾ Settling Tanks are cleaned periodically.

¾ The HEMMs are washed at a designated area and effluent routed through drains to settling tanks fitted with grease trap. The clear water generated will be used for dust suppression on roads and irrigation of plantation.

All these measures are required to be complied in the approved Mining Plan and Environment Management Plan, therefore special provision is not made for this in this Plan.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 101

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

viii. Noise control

The following measures will be taken to keep the noise at the minimum possible level:

x Proper designing of plant & machinery by providing in-built mechanisms like silencers, mufflers and enclosures for noise generating parts and shock absorbing pads at the foundation of vibrating equipment.

x Routine maintenance of equipment,

x Enclosures for Ore dressing unit etc.

x Rational deployment of noise generating plant and machinery.

x Greenbelts around the quarry, infrastructure sites, service building area

x Provision of isolation for vibrating equipment (both fixed and mobile) foundation.

x Regular monitoring of noise levels at various points.

These steps are taken as per provision of Environment Impact Assessment and Management Management Plan. Hence no special provision is made for this. ix. Lighting

The mining is proposed to be on a single shift basis. There will be no mining activity at night. Hence lighting of the area will be minimum.

The use of vehicular Headlights which disturb the animals is restricted and only dippers are allowed within the mining area.

These activities have been included in the mining process and hence no special funds are required.

x. Garbage Management

Garbage not only creates problems for the wild life but also creates problems for mining activity. Particularly non-degradable materials like polythene bags

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 102

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

etc. pose a lot of problem for the machineries as well as Wild animals. Hence proper Garbage Management is also an important activity in Mining process. Some of the steps to be taken in the Mining area have been indicated under water pollution.

The additional steps which are to be taken for Garbage management are as follows:

i. Entry of non-biodegradable materials which are likely to produce Garbage such as Polythene bags, Aluminium foils, Tin foils etc. are restricted in to the Mining area.

ii. The Garbage generated in the Mining area is regularly collected and segregated in- to Bio-degradable and non-degradable materials.

iii. The non-degradable materials if any are sent for recycling.

iv. The Bio-ĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞƐƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞƐĂƌĞƉƵƚŝŶƚŚĞŽŵƉŽƐƚƉŝƚƐŽĨƐŝnjĞϭϬ͛džϭϬ͛džϲ͛ĨŽƌ conversion in-to manure. The Manure obtained from these pits will be utilised for plantation purpose. xi. Steps to prevent fall of animals in the mining pits.

In order to prevent accidental fall of animals in the mine pits the following steps shall be taken.

¾ The periphery of the mine lease area will be around 4 kms. It is proposed to erect and maintain solar electric fencing around the entire area to prevent entry of large and medium animals and maintain the same during the plan period. The expenditure on this activity will be Rs. 10.00 lakhs.

¾ However small animals like Squirrel, Mongoose etc, and Reptiles may enter in to the area. The working labourers and staff will be educated to protect these animals and divert them towards the forest area.

¾ In-spite of the precautions taken, in case of accidental fall of any wild animal in to the mine pit, the workers will be educated to inform the local forest authorities and act as per their advice.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 103

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines xii. Anti-poaching /anti-depredation activity

The mining area is well guarded and entry of outsiders is restricted. The staff and the workers will be educated and motivated to prevent any attempt of Poaching within the mining area. Hence no poaching can be possible within this area. However one person will be exclusively deployed for the purpose of keeping watch on wild animals and forest fire. The proposed expenditure is (Rs.6000/- x 1 x 12 x 10 =) Rs.7.20 lakhs.

xiii. Provision of hired vehicle for Rapid Response Team:

It is proposed to make a hired vehicle available to the DFO for movement of Rapid Response Team. The proposed expenditure is Rs.10.00 lakhs including, the required equipments.

xiv. Health Camps and Cattle Immunization:

Health camps and Cattle immunization camps will be organized in the forest fringe villages to get pro-active support for wildlife protection. An amount of Rs.4.00 lakhs is proposed for the activity.

B. Locations of the proposed interventions

The locations of the proposed interventions have been shown in the proposed land use map.

C. Provisions of EMP for the project with overlapping interventions.

The impact of the project on environment and the mitigation measures have been dealt in detail under chapter 4 of The Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan. The individual pollution control measures are as follows:

x Control of Air Pollution- provided under Chapter-IV(vi) at Page No. 103.

x Control of Noise Pollution- provided under Chapter-IV(viii) at Page No. 106.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 104

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

CHAPTER ʹ V PROPOSED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES WITHIN THE PROJECT IMPACT ZONE

Due to diversion of forest area of 68.914 ha for mining purpose the wild-life habitat to this extent will be reduced. The congregation of wild animals in the impact area is likely to increase. These animals will therefore be susceptible to greater threats. There will also be additional biotic pressure on the impact area. There are several mining projects within 10km radius. The total area involved in these projects is 9104.424 ha. Due to the large extent of mining area adjacent to the current mining project within 10kms radius, the effective impact area will be of 12.008 kms radius. The Management Plan therefore aims at reducing the perceived threats beyond these areas. These activities beyond the Mining project area shall be implemented by the DFO/Forest Department.

A. Interventions to be adopted by DFO: WILDLIFE HABITAT MANAGEMENT

It is proposed to improve the wild life habitat outside the project area with the following activities.

The forest blocks surrounding the project area are: Sidhamath & Baitarani Reserved Forests. These Reserved Forests have been placed under Improvement Working Circle, Rehabilitation Working Circle and Protection Working Circle. In these Forests, improvement of forest cover is required to be taken up and the protection mechanism needs to be augmented to preserve the Wildlife habitat. These forests are under heavy biotic pressure and in the process of degradation. These areas need to be protected for conservation of forest and wildlife. As these areas are within the mining belt and there is possibility of extension of mining activities to these forests, the treatment area is not selected from among these forest blocks. The interventions are proposed within Kankana DPF, on consultation with the Forest Department Officials of Keonjhar Forest Division. The process of Habitat Improvement will involve the activities as per the details of operations described under Chapter ʹI.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 107

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

1. Improvement of Forest Cover:

The following forest area is proposed to be taken up to improve the habitat condition.

Kankana DPF - 200 ha.

The proposed treatment will be Assisted Natural Regeneration with gap plantation. The proposed interventions will involve (i) Cutting of High Stumps, (ii) Clearance of weeds and cutting of Climbers, (iii) Soil conservation activities, (iv) plantation of suitable species in gaps @ 200 seedlings per ha. and (v) Watch & Ward.

Total area covered under this will be 200.00 ha. and the financial provision will be Rs.58.10 lakhs @29, 050/- per ha.

2. Soil and Moisture conservation activities:

Soil & Moisture conservation activities such as Check dams, Percolation pits etc. will be taken up in addition to the provisions under ANR. An amount of Rs.13.30 lakhs. is proposed for the purpose.

3. Creation and maintainance of Water body:-

In order to contain the wild animals in a safe habitat, it is proposed to make provision for availability of water during summer season. It is proposed to create one large water body at the following GPS location of the treatment area:

Latitude- 21o ϱϲ͛ϰϵ͘ϵ͟EΘ>ŽŶŐŝƚƵĚĞ- 85o Ϯϴ͛Ϯϳ͘ϲ͘͟

The proposed cost is Rs. 13.30 lakhs.

4. Salt Licks:

Salt licks will be provided at identified safe locations within the Reserved Forest area. An amount of Rs. 5.99 lakhs is proposed for the same.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 108

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

PREVENTION OF FOREST FIRE

Forest fire is the greatest threat, not only to the wild life but also to the forest itself. Repeated forest fire destroys the ground vegetation and the humus. The wild animals do not get adequate food and cover due to such repeated forest fire.

The Wildlife Management Plan therefore lays maximum emphasis on prevention of forest fire. The following measures are therefore proposed to be taken to prevent forest fire:

5. Engagement of Fire watchers.

Fire watcher shall be engaged in the area from the month of February to June every year for a period of 10 years. The user agency proposes to bear the cost of 5 fire watchers during the summer months every year for each of the three treatment sites. The total cost on this account will be (6000 x 5nos x 5mths x 10yrs) = Rs. 15.00 lakhs.

6. Fire fighting equipments:

These Fire watchers will also be equipped with certain Fire Fighting Equipments such as Fire resistance dress, Water bottle, Axe, Shoes etc. to attend to emergencies. The lessee therefore proposes to contribute Rs.2.00 lakh for such fire fighting equipments.

7. Clearing of Fire Line:

Fireline will be cleared over a length of 10 kms in each of the treatment area. The proposed cost will be (@6700/- per km) Rs. 0.50 lakhs annually and Rs.6.70 lakhs during the plan period of 10 years.

WILDLIFE PROTECTION AND ANTI-DEPREDATION

There has been some man animal conflict within the project area as well as the impact area. As far as practicable man animal conflict is to be kept under control. Within the Impact area only Elephant is the important animals which could pose man

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 109

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

animal conflict. Specific steps are therefore required to be taken in this regard. The following measures are therefore suggested;

8. Provision of Corpus fund

Usually any damage to human life and property by wild-animals are compensated through Compassionate Grants released by Govt. But at times delayed payment of compassionate amount leads to revengeful attitude of local population. It is therefore proposed to create a revolving fund for quick payment of compassionate grants. The lessee therefore proposes to contribute a token amount of Rs.15.00 lakhs for this purpose.

9. Supply of Grain Bins

In the areas where regular elephant depredation takes place, it is proposed to provide Grain Bins for safe storage of the grains. It is proposed to supply 500 nos of Grain Bins in these areas and the cost will be around Rs.5.00 lakhs.

10. Anti-poaching-cum-Anti-depredation squad:

In order to assist the regular Forest staff for protection of Wild life:- It is proposed to constitute Anti-poaching-cum-Anti-depredation Squad consisting of 5 (five) persons. These persons can be recruited either from the ex-military personnel, or from the able bodied local youths who can take up the strenuous job. This squad will work along with Forest Department staff. This squad will be deployed in regular anti-poaching duty as well as attend to the wild animal depredation cases. It is proposed to deploy one (01) such squad in the proposed treatment areas.

For this purpose the expenditure will be Rs. 6000 x 5 nos x 12 months x 10 years = Rs. 36.00 lakhs.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 110

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

11. Logistic support:

Logistic support will also be provided to the Forest Department to make the anti- poaching squad effective by supplying transport, camping arrangement and equipments etc. The user agency proposes to contribute @Rs.5.00 lakhs for the purpose.

12. Solar electric fencing

Some of the villages regularly affected by elephant depredation can be insulated by installing Solar electric fence around the village. An amount of Rs.10.00 lakhs is proposed for the activity.

13. Awareness, Training and Capacity building:

Man-Elephant conflict will be reduced by creating awareness in the forest fringe villages about the behaviour of the animals and the procedure to tackle the emergency. The local people can be educated in this regard. Such awareness can be created through Workshops and PRA excercises and involvement of VSS.

The user agency proposes to support various activities in these villages with a total expenditure of Rs. 5.00 lakhs.

MONITORING

14. Collection of Intelligence

In order to keep a watch on poachers, it is proposed deploy informers and decoys either on regular wage basis or on case to case lump sum basis at the discretion of the Forest Department. The process will facilitate gathering confidential informations from the field level to the forest Department Law-enforcing authorities and help in preventing/detecting Wildlife/Forest Offences in general.

The project proponent proposes to contribute Rs. 5.00 lakhs for the purpose.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 111

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

15. Monitoring & evaluation

The implementation of this Plan needs to be monitored and evaluated at regular intervals. Such monitoring and evaluation can be undertaken along with the Wildlife Management Plans of the adjoining areas. The user agency proposes to contribute Rs. 5.00 lakhs for the purpose.

16. Escallation of Cost and Unforeseen:

In order to meet the additional requirement of cost due to escalation of prices, wages etc. 20% of the total cost of the Plan, amounting to 40.08 lakhs will be provided by the project proponent.

B. Locations of proposed intervention (location map with linear structure)

The map showing proposed interventions on the Topo sheet is enclosed.

C. Monitoring and Evaluation Appropriate provision has been made for taking up Monitoring and evaluation activities. i. Plan Period:

This plan is proposed for a period of 10 years. However if necessary interim revision of this plan can be taken up depending on the actual requirement.

D. Flow chart of interventions over 10 years span.

Flow Chart as per Chapter-6

E. Undertaking for preparation of subsequent plan in continuation to

subsisting Plan (when lease period exceeds (10 yrs) this plan period) :

This plan is proposed for a period of 10 years. However if necessary interim revision of this plan can be taken up depending on the actual requirement.

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Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines

F. Cumulative total of interventions proposed for project area and project impact area: Project area: - 35.70 lakhs Project Impact Area - 240.47 lakhs Total Rs.276.17 lakhs.

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 113

Tata Steel Ltd. Trinigpahar Manganese Mines YEARWISE REQUIREMENT OF FUNDS

PROJECT IMPACT AREA

Sl. Particulars of Requirement of Funds in lakhs No Activity 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th 5 th 6 th 7 th 8 th 9 th 10 th Total year year year year year year year year year year

WILDLIFE HABITAT MANAGEMENT 1 ANR with gap plantation over 6.90 28.60 9.80 4.40 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 2.40 58.10 200 ha. @29,050/- per ha.(with wage rate of 150/day) 2 Soil & Moisture conservstion 6.65 0 0 0 0 6.65 0 0 0 0 13.30 ʹ Check dams and percolation pits 3 Creation of one large Water 10.50 0 0.70 0 0.70 0 0.70 0 0.70 0 13.30 Body 4 Provision of Salt licks 3.50 0 0 0 0 2.49 0 0 0 0 5.99 PREVENTION OF FOREST FIRE 5 Fire Watchers, 5 nos @6000/- for 5 months /year 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 15.00 (5x6000xx10) 6 Fire fighting equipments 2.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.00 7 Fire Line Clearance 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.67 6.70 WILDLIFE PROTECTION AND ANTI-DEPREDATION 8 Corpus fund 15.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15.00 9 Supply of Grain Bins 5.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.00

Prepared by SRI P.K.SARANGI, IFS (Retd) 118