IntroductionIntroduction toto WildlifeWildlife ExploringExploring thethe HistoryHistory andand ImportanceImportance ofof WildlifeWildlife ManagementManagement LearningLearning ObjectivesObjectives
ExplainExplain thethe historyhistory ofof wildlifewildlife conservation.conservation.
DescribingDescribing thethe nationalnational policiespolicies thatthat impactimpact wildlifewildlife conservation.conservation.
IdentifyIdentify historicalhistorical peoplepeople relatedrelated toto wildlifewildlife conservation.conservation.
DescribeDescribe thethe valuesvalues ofof wildlife.wildlife.
DefineDefine wildlifewildlife conservationconservation andand wildlifewildlife management.management. TermsTerms toto KnowKnow
AestheticAesthetic valuevalue CommercialCommercial valuevalue DomesticationDomestication EcologicalEcological valuevalue EcologyEcology EndangeredEndangered speciesspecies actact ExploitationExploitation ForestForest serviceservice GameGame valuevalue TermsTerms toto KnowKnow
Lacey Act Migratory Bird Conservation Act Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act National Park Service Pittman-Robertson Act Scientific value Wildlife Wildlife conservation Wildlife management Wildlife Refuge Service ExplainExplain thethe historyhistory ofof wildlifewildlife conservationconservation
InIn thethe 1600’s,1600’s, whenwhen thethe pilgrimspilgrims arrived,arrived, wildlifewildlife waswas plentifulplentiful andand waswas ableable toto meetmeet thethe needsneeds ofof thethe people.people.
NeedsNeeds turnedturned intointo wants,wants, whichwhich ledled toto exploitationexploitationᾷtheᾷthe useuse ofof naturalnatural resourcesresources forfor profit.profit.
ByBy thethe 1800’s,1800’s, peoplepeople beganbegan toto seesee aa needneed forfor conservationconservation ofof ourour naturalnatural resourcesresources WhatWhat isis thethe historyhistory ofof wildlifewildlife conservation?conservation?
MorrillMorrill ActAct ofof 18621862
EstablishedEstablished collegescolleges toto teachteach agriculture.agriculture.
MadeMade “land“land grantgrant universities”universities” suchsuch asas thethe UniversityUniversity ofof Illinois.Illinois. WhatWhat isis thethe historyhistory ofof wildlifewildlife conservation?conservation?
YellowstoneYellowstone NationalNational ParkPark
FirstFirst nationalnational parkpark inin thethe world.world.
ItsIts purposepurpose waswas toto preservepreserve thethe naturalnatural resourcesresources ofof thethe area.area.
18721872
LocatedLocated inin Idaho,Idaho, MontanaMontana && WyomingWyoming
3,4723,472 sq.sq. milesmiles
2,221,7732,221,773 sq.sq. acresacres WhatWhat areare thethe nationalnational policiespolicies thatthat impactimpact wildlifewildlife conservation?conservation?
NationalNational ParkPark ServiceService
Enacted in 1916.
Federal agency responsible for the care of the national parks.
LaceyLacey ActAct
Regulates the shipment of illegally killed animals.
Made it illegal to trade protected wildlife. What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation?
MigratoryMigratory BirdBird ConservationConservation ActAct
First step in protecting migratory birds.
1929
MigratoryMigratory BirdBird HuntingHunting StampStamp ActAct
Requires people planning on hunting migratory birds to purchase special stamps.
1937
Has raised over $1 billion to date. WhatWhat areare thethe nationalnational policiespolicies thatthat impactimpact wildlifewildlife conservation?conservation?
Pittman-RobertsonPittman-Robertson ActAct
RaisesRaises moneymoney inin thethe formform ofof taxestaxes onon huntinghunting equipmentequipment andand ammunitionammunition
19371937 WhatWhat areare thethe nationalnational policiespolicies thatthat impactimpact wildlifewildlife conservation?conservation?
EndangeredEndangered SpeciesSpecies ActAct
IdentifiesIdentifies andand managesmanages rare,rare, threatenedthreatened andand endangeredendangered species.species.
Threatened-population is in danger of becoming endangered.
Endangered-population is in danger of becoming extinct. What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation?
WildlifeWildlife RefugeRefuge SystemSystem
AA systemsystem ofof wildlifewildlife refugesrefuges acrossacross thethe UnitedUnited States.States.
AA partpart ofof thethe USUS FishFish andand WildlifeWildlife Service.Service.
19661966 What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation?
ForestForest ServiceService
PartPart ofof thethe USDAUSDA thatthat managesmanages 156156 forestsforests coveringcovering 191191 millionmillion acresacres ofof forestsforests andand grassland.grassland. HistoricalHistorical PeoplePeople inin WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservation
JohnJohn JamesJames AudubonAudubon (1785–1851)(1785–1851)
WatchedWatched andand studiedstudied birds.birds.
PublishedPublished aa bookbook aboutabout hishis birdbird studies.studies.
19051905 thethe NationalNational AudubonAudubon SocietySociety waswas formed.formed. HistoricalHistorical PeoplePeople inin WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservation
JohnJohn MuirMuir (1838–1914)(1838–1914)
PartlyPartly responsibleresponsible forfor thethe developmentdevelopment ofof YellowstoneYellowstone andand SequoiaSequoia NationalNational Parks.Parks.
EncouragedEncouraged PresidentPresident RooseveltRoosevelt toto establishestablish thesethese parks.parks.
StartedStarted thethe SierraSierra Club.Club.
CaliforniaCalifornia forestforest namednamed afterafter him.him. HistoricalHistorical PeoplePeople inin WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservation
TheodoreTheodore RooseveltRoosevelt (1858–1919)(1858–1919)
KnownKnown asas thethe “Father“Father ofof thethe ConservationConservation Movement”.Movement”.
PassedPassed legislationslegislations toto helphelp protectprotect naturalnatural resource.resource. HistoricalHistorical PeoplePeople inin WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservation
AldoAldo LeopoldLeopold (1886–1948)(1886–1948)
AppliedApplied ecologyecology toto wildlife.wildlife.
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment.
WroteWrote aa bookbook calledcalled GameGame ManagementManagement thatthat waswas usedused toto helphelp furtherfurther educateeducate wildlifewildlife biologists.biologists. HistoricalHistorical PeoplePeople inin WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservation
GiffordGifford PinchotPinchot (1865–1946)(1865–1946)
OneOne ofof thethe firstfirst leadersleaders ofof whatwhat isis nownow knownknown asas thethe U.S.U.S. ForestForest Service.Service.
WroteWrote aa bookbook calledcalled TheThe FightFight forfor Conservation.Conservation.
HisHis effortsefforts focusedfocused onon thethe conservationconservation ofof forests.forests. HistoricalHistorical PeoplePeople inin WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservation
HughHugh BennettBennett (1881–1960)(1881–1960) Father of soil conservation. First person to run the Soil Conservation Service. JayJay DarlingDarling (1872–1962)(1872–1962) Designed the first migratory bird stamp. Drew cartoons of wildlife and natural resources. His cartoons made the public aware of the need for wildlife conservation. TheThe workwork ofof JayJay DarlingDarling
᾿ Land, water and vegetation are just that dependent on one another. Without these three primary elements in natural balance, we can have neither fish nor game, wild flowers nor trees, labor nor capital, nor sustaining habitat for humans῀ Jay “Ding” Darling The work of Jay Darling WhatWhat areare thethe valuesvalues ofof wildlifewildlife
PlantsPlants andand animalsanimals thatthat havehave notnot beenbeen domesticateddomesticated areare calledcalled wildlife.wildlife.
DomesticationDomestication isis beingbeing underunder controlcontrol ofof humans.humans.
ThereThere areare fivefive basicbasic valuesvalues ofof wildlifewildlife FiveFive BasicBasic ValuesValues ofof WildlifeWildlife
AestheticAesthetic value—thevalue—the enjoyingenjoying ofof wildlife’swildlife’s beautybeauty andand pleasurepleasure
ScientificScientific value—studyingvalue—studying andand researchresearch ofof wildlifewildlife forfor theirtheir useuse inin medications,medications, integratedintegrated pestpest management,management, etc…etc…
EcologicalEcological Value—theValue—the interactioninteraction ofof wildlifewildlife inin naturenature FiveFive BasicBasic ValuesValues ofof WildlifeWildlife
Commercial—usingCommercial—using wildlifewildlife toto earnearn moneymoney
GameGame Value—theValue—the enjoymentenjoyment valuevalue gainedgained throughthrough huntinghunting andand fishingfishing WhatWhat areare wildlifewildlife conservationconservation andand wildlifewildlife management?management?
WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservationᾷᾷ thethe wisewise useuse ofof naturalnatural resourcesresources inin ourour environment.environment. WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservation isis divideddivided inin 44 parts.parts. Education—learningEducation—learning howhow toto conserveconserve wildlifewildlife andand itsits resources.resources. Research—usingResearch—using sciencescience toto betterbetter understandunderstand thethe needsneeds andand requirementsrequirements ofof wildlifewildlife andand itsits habitat.habitat. WhatWhat areare wildlifewildlife conservationconservation andand wildlifewildlife management?management?
WildlifeWildlife ConservationConservation isis divideddivided inin 44 partsparts (continued)(continued)
LawLaw Enforcement—ensuresEnforcement—ensures thatthat allall lawslaws relatedrelated toto wildlifewildlife areare followed.followed.
WildlifeWildlife Management—manipulationManagement—manipulation ofof wildlifewildlife toto achieveachieve aa positivepositive goal.goal. NorthNorth AmericaAmerica ModelModel ofof WildlifeWildlife ManagementManagement 6 Principles of Wildlife Management
Wildlife is public property
Wildlife can’t be used for Commercial use.
Wildlife is allocated by law.
Wildlife is taken by legal and ethical means
Wildlife is an Internationalernational resourceresource
Wildlife management should be based on sound scientific knowledge and principles. GoalGoal ofof WildlifeWildlife ManagementManagement
MaintainMaintain healthyhealthy wildlifewildlife populationspopulations
KeepKeep numbersnumbers inin balancebalance withwith habitathabitat
KeepKeep tracktrack ofof historicalhistorical trends,trends, currentcurrent habitathabitat conditions,conditions, breedingbreeding populations.populations. EssentialEssential ComponentComponent ofof WLWL ManagementManagement
HabitatHabitat ManagementManagement
FoodFood andand WaterWater
CoverCover
SpaceSpace
IdealIdeal ArrangementArrangement
LimitingLimiting FactorsFactors