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GIS and RS Techniques -- Land Use Changes Impact on Flood Hydrology

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GIS and RS Techniques -- Land Use Changes Impact on Flood Hydrology EGU Journal Logos (RGB) Open Access Open Access Open Access Advances in Annales Nonlinear Processes Geosciences Geophysicae in Geophysics Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Open Access Open Access Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss.,Natural 1, 4833–4869, Hazards 2013 Natural Hazards www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/1/4833/2013/and Earth System and Earth System doi:10.5194/nhessd-1-4833-2013 NHESSD © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License.Sciences Sciences Discussions 1, 4833–4869, 2013 Open Access Open Access Atmospheric Atmospheric This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Natural Hazards and Earth Chemistry Chemistry GIS and RS System Sciences (NHESS). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in NHESS if available. and Physics and Physics techniques – land Discussions use changes impact Open Access Open Access GIS and remoteAtmospheric sensing techniquesAtmospheric for on flood hydrology Measurement Measurement the assessmentTechniques of land use changesTechniques D. D. Alexakis et al. Discussions Open Access impact on flood hydrology: the case studyOpen Access Biogeosciences Biogeosciences Title Page Discussions of Yialias Basin in Cyprus Abstract Introduction Open Access 1 2 2 1 Open Access D. D. Alexakis , M. G. Gryllakis , A. G. Koutroulis , A. Agapiou , Climate Conclusions References 1 Climate2 3 3 K. Themistocleous , I. K. Tsanis , S. Michaelides , S. Pashiardisof the, Past 4 of4 the Past 5 3 1 Tables Figures C. Demetriou , K. Aristeidou , A. Retalis , F. Tymvios , and D. G.Discussions Hadjimitsis Open Access 1 Open Access Cyprus University of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, J I Earth System Remote Sensing and Geo-EnvironmentEarth System Lab, Limassol, Cyprus 2Technical University of Crete, Dept.Dynamics of Environmental Engineering, Chania,Dynamics Crete, Greece J I 3 Discussions Cyprus Meteorological Service, Nicosia, Cyprus Back Close 4 Open Access Water Development Department, Nicosia, Cyprus Open Access Geoscientific Geoscientific 5National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece Full Screen / Esc Instrumentation Instrumentation Received: 7 July 2013 – Accepted:Methods 25 July and 2013 – Published: 13 SeptemberMethods 2013 and Data Systems Data Systems Printer-friendly Version Correspondence to: D. D. Alexakis ([email protected]) Discussions Open Access Open Access Interactive Discussion Geoscientific Published by Copernicus PublicationsGeoscientific on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. Model Development Model Development 4833 Discussions Open Access Open Access Hydrology and Hydrology and Earth System Earth System Sciences Sciences Discussions Open Access Open Access Ocean Science Ocean Science Discussions Open Access Open Access Solid Earth Solid Earth Discussions Open Access Open Access The Cryosphere The Cryosphere Discussions Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Abstract NHESSD Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters worldwide, leading to economic losses and loss of human lives. This paper highlights the hydrological effects of 1, 4833–4869, 2013 multi-temporal land use changes in flood hazard within the Yialias catchment area, 5 located in central Cyprus. Calibrated hydrological and hydraulic models were used to GIS and RS describe the hydrological processes and internal basin dynamics of the three major techniques – land sub-basins, in order to study the diachronic effects of land use changes. For the use changes impact implementation of the hydrological model, land use, soil and hydrometeorological data on flood hydrology were incorporated. The climatic and stream flow data were derived from rain and 10 flow gauge stations located in the wider area of the watershed basin. In addition, the D. D. Alexakis et al. land use and soil data were extracted after the application of object oriented nearest neighbor algorithms of ASTER satellite images. Subsequently, the CA-Markov chain analysis was implemented to predict the 2020 Land use/Land cover (LULC) map Title Page and incorporate it to the hydrological impact assessment. The results denoted the Abstract Introduction 15 increase of runoff in the catchment area due to the recorded extensive urban sprawl phenomenon of the last decade. Conclusions References Tables Figures 1 Introduction J I Landuse and floods are closely related; therefore, any changes in the land use, such as urbanization across the catchment’s area, may trigger-off a sequence of J I 20 flood occurrences (Hadjimitsis, 2010). The current and future development in water Back Close resources is very sensitive to land use and intensification of human activities. It is expected that flood risk will continue to rise, as a consequence of a combination of Full Screen / Esc climate change (e.g. Kundzewicz et al., 2005; Tsanis et al., 2011; Grillakis et al., 2011) and an increase in exposurevulnerability (e.g., due to increasing flood plain Printer-friendly Version 25 occupancy), value increase in endangered areas and changes in the terrestrial system (e.g. land cover changes and river regulation; see Elmer et al., 2012). During the Interactive Discussion 4834 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | past decades, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing technologies along with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have become a key tool for flood monitoring, NHESSD including flash floods (Taubenbock et al., 2011); Flash floods respond to the causative 1, 4833–4869, 2013 storms in a short period of time, with water levels in the drainage network reaching 5 peak levels within a few minutes or hours, allowing for a very limited time-window for warnings to be prepared and issued (Koutroulis and Tsanis, 2010; Grillakis et al., GIS and RS 2010). Modeling of floods has greatly improved in recent years, with the advent of techniques – land GIS, satellite remote sensing imagery, high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), use changes impact distributed hydrologic models, and development of real time flood forecasting and on flood hydrology 10 delivery systems on the internet (Garrote and Bras, 1995; Bedient et al., 2003). Hydrological and hydraulic simulation models are essential tools to evaluate potential D. D. Alexakis et al. consequences of proposed strategies and to facilitate management decisions. According to Mao and Cherkauer (2012), human activity is one of the major Title Page driving forces leading to changes in land cover characteristics and subsequently 15 hydrologic processes. Land cover plays a key role in controlling the hydrologic regime Abstract Introduction of a catchment area through a number of different parameters such as leaf area index, evapotranspiration, soil moisture content and infiltration capacity, surface and Conclusions References subsurface flow regimes including base-flow contributions to streams and recharge, Tables Figures surface roughness, run off as well as soil erosion through complex interactions 20 among vegetation, soils, geology, terrain and climate processes. According to Ragab J I and Cooper (1993), land use influences the infiltration and soil water distribution process because saturated hydraulic conductivity is influenced by plant roots and J I pores resulting from the presence of soil fauna. A characteristic example is the Back Close influence of build up areas and roads on overland flow, flood frequency and magnitude 25 (Nejadhashemi et al., 2011). Full Screen / Esc Especially, urban areas are prone to flooding due to the large proportion of impermeable surface cover such as concrete that increases the total volume of Printer-friendly Version runoff and peak flows and shortens the time that the floodwaters take to arrive at peak runoff (Hall, 1984; Knebl, 2005). In various studies, historical and present land- Interactive Discussion 4835 Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | Discussion Paper | use/cover patterns or extreme scenarios have been used as input in hydrologic models to determine hydrologic responses to different scenarios in a combined integrated NHESSD approach (Moiwo et al., 2010; Hong et al., 2010). At different watershed scales, several 1, 4833–4869, 2013 researchers (Savary et al., 2009; Schilling et al., 2010; Turnbull et al., 2012) have 5 developed various methods aiming at quantifying the hydrologic alterations in relation to land-cover change. According to Xingan et al. (2012), the methods for detecting GIS and RS hydrologic responses to LULC are focused mainly on three aspects: (a) field-based techniques – land experimentation for comparison, (b) statistical analysis based on observations, and use changes impact (c) hydrologic modeling under different scenarios. Lin et al. (2007) refer to different on flood hydrology 10 models such as stochastic, optimization, dynamic process simulation and empirical ones, that have been used to explore the consequences of land use changes in D. D. Alexakis et al. hydrological modeling. In addition, researchers such as Chen et al. (2009) and Lin et al. (2007) have implemented sophisticated land use models (i.e., CLUE – Conversion Title Page of Land Use and its Effects) to simulate future land use changes. CLUE uses empirical 15 quantified relationships between land use and its driving factors in combination with Abstract Introduction dynamic modeling. This paper attempts to quantify the sensitivity of the distributed hydrological model Conclusions References to the land use and soil parameterizations, in order to simulate
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