Chlorophytum Comosum 'Variegatum' (Spider Plant) Spider Plants Is Native to South Africa Where It Grows in a Light Or Dark Shade

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Chlorophytum comosum 'Variegatum' (spider plant) Spider plants is native to South Africa where it grows in a light or dark shade. The linear leaves are green or variegated white and green. The flowers are white grows on a loose panicle. The plants producing stolons and offset.It is one of the most commonly used house plants as it can bear full shady condition. In warm and hot regions it is used as ground cover. It can withstand limited drought but looks best in well irrigated soil. <ul> </ul> Landscape Information French Name: Chlorophytum chevelu , Phalangium ﻏﻴﻼﻥ ﻏﻴﻼﻥ :Arabic Name Pronounciation: kloh-roh-FY-tum kom-OH-sum Plant Type: Groundcover Origin: South Africa Heat Zones: 12, 13, 14, 15 Hardiness Zones: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Border Plant, Mass Planting, Container, Intensive Green Roof, Extensive Green Roof, Ground cover Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Plant Image Tree Shape: Height at Maturity: Less than 0.5 m Spread at Maturity: Less than 50 cm Time to Ultimate Height: 2 to 5 Years Chlorophytum comosum 'Variegatum' (spider plant) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Spiral Leaf Venation: Parallel Leaf Persistance: Evergreen Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Blade: 20 - 30 Leaf Shape: Linear Leaf Margins: Entire Leaf Textures: Glossy Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green, Variegated Color(changing season): Green Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 1.5 - 3 Flower Image Flower Type: Panicle Flower Sexuality: Monoecious (Bisexual) Flower Scent: Pleasant Flower Color: White Seasons: Year Round Fruit Fruit Type: Capsule Fruit Showiness: False Fruit Size Range: 0 - 1.5 Fruit Colors: Green Seasons: Year Round Chlorophytum comosum 'Variegatum' (spider plant) Horticulture Management Tolerance Frost Tolerant: No Heat Tolerant: Yes Drought Tolerant: Yes Salt Tolerance: Moderate Requirements Soil Requirements: Loam, Sand Soil Ph Requirements: Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline Water Requirements: Moderate, Low Light Requirements: Shade Management Toxity: No Leaf Image Invasive Potential: Yes Fruit/ Leaves/ Flowers litter: No Surface Rooting: Yes Life Span: Less than 25 Edible Parts: None Pests: Mites, Scales, Whitefly Plant Propagations: Stolons MORE IMAGES Fruit Image Other Image.

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Spider Plant Chlorophytum Comosum
Spider Plant Chlorophytum comosum Popular, durable, exotic—Spider Plant is an easy houseplant to grow and enjoy. Spider or Airplane Plants have either one of three leaf color patterns: solid green leaves, green edges with a white variegated stripe down the center of the leaf blade or leaves with white edges and a green stripe down the center. Basics: This easy to grow plant is more tolerant of extreme conditions than other houseplants, but it still has its climate preferences. Spider Plant thrives in cool to average home temperatures and partially dry to dry soil. Bright indirect light is best. Direct sunlight may cause leaf tip burn. Fertilizer may be applied monthly from March through September. A professional potting media containing sphagnum peat moss and little to no perlite is best. Special Care: Spider Plants store food reserves in adapted structures on the plants roots. These “swollen roots can actually push the plant up and out or even break the pot. Avoid over fertilizing to minimize this growth characteristic. Spider Plants are easy to propagate. Simply cut off one of the “spiders” or plantlets and place in a pot. You may need to pin it down to the surface of the potting media to hold it in place until the roots grow and anchor it. A paper clip bent into an elongated U shape does the trick. Spider Plants are photoperiodic, that is they respond to long uninterrupted periods of darkness (short day, long nights) by initiating flowering. Production of “spiders” follows flowering. This daylength occurs naturally in the fall of each year.
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<I>Chlorophytum Burundiense</I> (Asparagaceae), a New Species
Plant Ecology and Evolution 144 (2): 233–236, 2011 doi:10.5091/plecevo.2011.609 SHORT COMMUNICATION Chlorophytum burundiense (Asparagaceae), a new species from Burundi and Tanzania Pierre Meerts Herbarium et Bibliothèque de botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP 169, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium Email: [email protected] Background and aims – In the context of our preparation of the treatment of the genus Chlorophytum for the ‘Flore d’Afrique centrale’, a new species is described from Burundi and Tanzania. Methods – Herbarium taxonomy and SEM of seeds. Key results – Chlorophytum burundiense Meerts sp. nov. is described. It is a small plant < 35 cm in height, with linear leaves < 6 mm wide, a dense raceme and large, deep purplish brown bracts. It is morphologically not closely related to any other species in the genus. It has a distinct habitat, growing in afromontane grassland and scrub at 2000–2500 m a.s.l. All collections but one originate from Burundi, and a single collection originates from SW Tanzania. A determination key is provided for Chlorophytum species with linear leaves occurring in Burundi. Key words – afromontane, determination key, new species, Chlorophytum, SEM, Burundi, Tanzania. INTRODUCTION silvaticum, C. sparsiflorum, C. stolzii, C. subpetiolatum, C. zingiberastrum (taxonomy and nomenclature after Nordal The circumscription of the genus Chlorophytum Ker Gawl. et al. 1997, Kativu et al. 2008). In addition, a species came (Asparagaceae in APG 2009) was revised by Obermeyer to our attention which could not be identified using Baker (1962), Marais & Reilly (1978), Nordal et al. (1990) and (1898), von Poellnitz (1942, 1946), Nordal et al.
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Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorophytum Species Leaves of Melghat Region
Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2014; 6(1); 141-145 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorophytum Species Leaves of Melghat Region *Ghorpade D.S1, Thakare P.V.2 1Government College of Pharmacy, Karad 2Department of Biotechnology S G B Amaravati University, Amravati Available online: 1st March 2014 ABSTRACT Aqueous extract of Chlorophytum species leaves of eight plants were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of leaves of the Chlorophytum species plant was studied against bacteria E. coli, S aureus, P. vulgaris, B.substilis and fungi A.niger, C. albican .Leaves of C. tuberosum show excellent antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi tested. Aqueous extract of C. borivilianum, C. arundinaceum, C. nimmoni and C. kolhapurens exhibits good activity against all tested microorganisms while other plants C. breviscapum, C. bharuchae, and C. glaucum showed moderate antimicrobial activity. A zone of inhibition of antibacterial activity compared with standard ampicillin and antifungal with griseofulvin. The preliminary phytochemical screening of leaves reveals the presence of starch, proteins, sugars, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and mucilage. Microscopy and Microscopy of transverse section of leaves of Chlorophytum species show characters similarities with the same species Key words: Antibacterial, antifungal, Chlorophytum species, agar diffusion method. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The numbers of microorganism are becoming drug Plant material: The leaves of plants were collected in rainy resistant to various antibiotics. This lead to increased use season from Melghat region of Amravati District. Plants of broad spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive agent, were authenticated by the Botanist, Dr P.A.
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Spider Plant
Spider Plant Species: comosum Genus: Chlorophytum Family: Liliacea Order: Liliales Class: Liliopsida Phylum: Magnoliophyta Kingdom: Plantae Conditions for Customer Ownership We hold permits allowing us to transport these organisms. To access permit conditions, click here. Never purchase living specimens without having a disposition strategy in place. There are currently no USDA permits required for this organism. In order to protect our environment, never release a live laboratory organism into the wild. Primary Hazard Considerations • None Availability • Spider plants are grown in our greenhouse and are generally available year-round. • Individual plants supplied are 15–20 centimeters in height and are the “Vittatum” variety of the Spider plant. Spider plants are shipped in plastic pots with soil. For shipping purposes a cardboard disc is used to hold the plant and soil in place. The potted plant is sealed in a plastic bag and wrapped in corrugated cardboard. Upon receipt remove the potted plant from the bag, remove the cardboard disc, and water immediately. Care • Watering: Keep moist, mist occasionally (once per week). • Fertilizers: Fertilize with a basic 20/20/20 water-soluble fertilizer monthly. • Temperature: Quite tolerant-minimum of 13°C. • Light: Optimum growth in bright to moderate conditions. • Soil: Basic Potting Mix. • Propagation: Plant off sets, plant division, or seeds. Allow plantlets to root while still attached to parent plant. Cut the plantlets from the stem when root buds appear and place in pots with potting soil. Rooting takes place in two to three weeks. Information Spider plants are known as an air filtering plant, eliminating significant amounts of benzene, formaldehyde, and/or trichloroethylene.
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(1995) Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Transformation of Monocotyledons
CROP SCIENCE Volume 35 March-April 1995 Number 2 REVIEW AND INTERPRETATION Agrobacterium tumefaciens Transformation of Monocotyledons Roberta H. Smith* and Elizabeth E. Hood ABSTRACT their host ranges overlap, they are not identical. Most Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend, 1907) has been of the wild-type A. tumefaciens strains that have been an extremely useful vector to transfer foreign genes into dicotyledonous isolated from tumors maybe classified as octopine, nopa- plants. Monocotyledonousplants, particularly the cereals, have been line, succinamopine, or L,L-succinamopine types, ac- consideredoutside the host range for A. tumefaciens, which has necessi- cording to the opine synthesis encoded by their T-DNAs. tated the developmentof other transformation systems such as naked The opines are tumor-specific products from plants in- DNAdelivery to protoplasts and, most recently, microprojectile bom- fected by A. tumefaciens and are catabolized by the bardment delivery of DNAto cells and tissues. Both systems have A. tumefaciens strain producing the tumor. Genes that worked, but there are still many difficulties encountered in routine encode enzymesinvolved in the biosynthesis of the opines transformation of any monocotyledon. Recently, there has been re- newed interest in using the A. tutnefaciens system to transform econom- are transferred into the plant genome. Opines can be ically important grasses and other monocotyledons. This paper exam- utilized by the bacteria as N and C sources. Significantly, ines the literature and steps involved in transformation of opines are not produced by the A. tumefaciens strains monocotyledons by A. tu~nefaciens. The many recent advances in themselves because opine genes have eukaryotic regula- understanding the biology of the infection process (meristematic target tory sequences for expression; thus their expression by cell, vir gene inducing compounds, and wide host range strains of infected host tissue is an indicator of T-DNAtransfer.
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From the Western Cape
S.Afr.J.Bot., 1990,56(2): 257- 260 257 A new species of Trachyandra section Trachyandra (Asphodelaceae) from the western Cape P.L. Perry Compton Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735 Republic of South Africa Accepted 6 November 1989 Trachyandra pro/ifera P.L. Perry, an autumn-flowering geophyte with distinctive proliferating roots is described. It has a limited distribution in the Nieuwoudtville area on the Bokkeveldberge. Trachyandra karrooica Oberm. appears to be the most closely related species. Trachyandra pro/ifera P.L. Perry, 'n herfsblommende geofiet met kenmerkende proliferende wortels word beskryf. Dit besit 'n beperkte verspreiding op die Bokkeveldberge in die Niewoudtville-area. Trachyandra karrooica Oberm. is waarskynlik die spesie wat die naaste verwant is. Keywords: Asphodelaceae, taxonomy, Trachyandra Introduction intlorescentia simpIici , glabra, pauciflora et tloribus 30 mm The genus Trachyandra was first described by Kunth diametro differt. (1843) when he divided Anthericum L. into the three TYPUS.- Cape Province: NieuwoudtviIIe, Farm Glen Lyon , genera Phalangium Mill. , Bulbinella Kunth and flower April 1986 , leaf June 1986, Snijman 869 (NBG, Trachyandra Kunth. Most authors after that date holotypus) . reverted to Anthericum for all or part of the related groupings until the revision by Obermeyer (1962) of the Plants deciduous small , up to 200 mm high , gregarious, South African species of Anthericum, Chlorophytum and proliferating to form large clumps. Roots few , thick , Trach yandra. fleshy, mainly up to 75 mm long, 5 mm wide near the Although the distinction between Anthericum and base, gradually tapering to the apex, with root hairs Chlorophytum is somewhat tenuous, relying on seed along most of the length and scattered narrower laterals; structure, Trachyandra forms a more distinctive outer flakey layer light rusty brown with an inner bright grouping separated from the former two genera on a red layer, and white internally; swollen regions formed number of characters.
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Chlorophytum Comosum Spider Plant
Chlorophytum comosum (C.P. Thunberg) H.A. Jacques Spider Plant (Anthericum comosum, Anthericum mandaianum, Chlorophytum beniense, Chlorophytum capense, Chlorophytum ela- tum, Chlorophytum mandaianum, Chlorophytum picturatum, Chlorophytum semlikiense, Chlorophytum sternbergi- unum, Chlorophytum vittatum) Other Common Names: Airplane Plant, Hen-And-Chickens, Ribbonplant, Spider-Ivy, Spiderplant, Walking Anthe- ricum. Family: Agaveaceae; also placed by some authorities in the Antheriaceae or Liliaceae. Cold Hardiness: While the foliage is killed by even light frosts, plants are root hardy in USDA zones 9 (8b) to 11, and function as an evergreen herbaceous perennial in USDA zones 10 (9b) to 11. 3 Foliage: Alternate, evergreen, glabrous, linear-lanceolate slightly arching 6O to 12O (18O) long by ⁄8O to ¾O wide sword-shaped leaves are keeled at the base; blades have entire to slightly undulate margins with acuminate tips; leaves of most cultivars are streaked with white to creamy yellow variegation, while the species type is green alone. Flower: The small single white flowers are approximately ¾O across with a whorl of three narrowly ovate white petals in an alternating pattern with a subtending whorl of three white lanceolate sepals; a single pistil is sur- rounded by six stamens; the flowers are present year-round and subtly attractive, but are sparsely borne on the 6O to 14O long racemes. Fruit: Tiny triangular deeply lobed three-celled leathery capsules with three to five flat black seeds each follow the flowers singly or in small clusters. Stem / Bark: Stems — vegetative stems are short and stout with very short internodes, while flower stalks are stiff, wiry, and lightly scabrous; viviparous plantlets form on the terminus of these stalks and produce fleshy aerial rootlets; Buds — tiny green buds are largely encased in the rosette at the base of the plant, or elongate shortly after formation on the wiry arching flower stalks; Bark — not applicable.
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Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Plant Extracts of Chlorophytum Tuberosum B
Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2016, 8 (8):308-312 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Free radical scavenging activity of plant extracts of Chlorophytum tuberosum B Kailaspati P. Chittam a*, Sharada L. Deore b and Tushar A. Deshmukh c aDCS’s A. R. A College of Pharmacy, Nagaon, Dhule, M.S.-424005 bGovernment College of Pharmacy, Amaravati, M.S. cShellino Education Trust’s Arunamai College of Pharmacy, Mamurabad Jalgaon, M.S. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Roots of Chlorophytum tuberosum are very popular and well known for its aphrodisiac, immune-modulatory and tonic properties. In this study the antioxidant effect ethanolic and aqueous extract of dried roots of Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1,1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay and reducing assay methods and compared. Result indicated that ethanolic extract of the dried roots exhibited potent antioxidant activity. Keywords :- Chlorophytum tuberosum, Antioxidant, saponin, DPPH scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging activity, reducing power etc. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Free radicals are types of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which include all highly reactive, oxygen ‐containing molecules. Types of ROS include the hydroxyl radical, the super oxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, nitric oxide radical, hypochlorite radical, and various lipid eroxides. These free radicals may either be produced by physiological or biochemical processes or by pollution and other endogenous sources. All these free radicals are capable of reacting with membrane lipids, nucleic acids, proteins and enzymes and other small molecules, resulting in cellular damage[1].
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TAXON:Chlorophytum Comosum (Thunb.) Jacques SCORE:10.0
TAXON: Chlorophytum comosum SCORE: 10.0 RATING: High Risk (Thunb.) Jacques Taxon: Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques Family: Asparagaceae Common Name(s): ribbonplant Synonym(s): Chlorophytum capense auct. spider ivy Chlorophytum sparsiflorum Baker spider plant Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 21 Dec 2016 WRA Score: 10.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized, Succulent, Environmental Weed (Australia), Geophyte, Spreads Vegetatively Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed
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Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Monocotyledons: a Review of Their Structure and Systematics
Annals of Botany 84: 725–739, 1999 Article No. anbo.1999.0975, available online at http:\\www.idealibrary.com on Calcium Oxalate Crystals in Monocotyledons: A Review of their Structure and Systematics CHRISTINA J. PRYCHID and PAULA J. RUDALL Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK Received: 11 May 1999 Returned for Revision: 23 June 1999 Accepted: 16 August 1999 Three main types of calcium oxalate crystal occur in monocotyledons: raphides, styloids and druses, although intermediates are sometimes recorded. The presence or absence of the diﬀerent crystal types may represent ‘useful’ taxonomic characters. For instance, styloids are characteristic of some families of Asparagales, notably Iridaceae, where raphides are entirely absent. The presence of styloids is therefore a synapomorphy for some families (e.g. Iridaceae) or groups of families (e.g. Philydraceae, Pontederiaceae and Haemodoraceae). This paper reviews and presents new data on the occurrence of these crystal types, with respect to current systematic investigations on the monocotyledons. # 1999 Annals of Botany Company Key words: Calcium oxalate, crystals, raphides, styloids, druses, monocotyledons, systematics, development. 1980b). They may represent storage forms of calcium and INTRODUCTION oxalic acid, and there has been some evidence of calcium Most plants have non-cytoplasmic inclusions, such as starch, oxalate resorption in times of calcium depletion (Arnott and tannins, silica bodies and calcium oxalate crystals, in some Pautard, 1970; Sunell and Healey, 1979). They could also of their cells. Calcium oxalate crystals are widespread in act as simple depositories for metabolic wastes which would ﬂowering plants, including both dicotyledons and mono- otherwise be toxic to the cell or tissue.
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Western Australia's Journal of Systematic Botany
WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BOTANY ISSN 0085-4417 G Keighery, G.J. New and noteworthy plant species recognised as naturalised in Western Australia Nuytsia 15(3): 523–527 (2005) All enquiries and manuscripts should be directed to: The Editor – NUYTSIA Western Australian Herbarium Telephone: +61 8 9334 0500 Conservation and Land Management Facsimile: +61 8 9334 0515 Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Email: [email protected] Western Australia 6983 Web: science.calm.wa.gov.au/nuytsia/ AUSTRALIA All material in this journal is copyright and may not be reproduced except with the written permission of the publishers. © Copyright Department of Conservation and Land Management . G.J.Nuytsia Keighery, 15(3):523–527(2005) New and noteworthy naturalised plant species 523 SHORT C OMMUNICATION New and noteworthy plant species recognised as naturalised in Western Australia The format of this paper follows that of Heenan et al. (2002) for New Zealand and Hosking et al. (2003) for New South Wales. Species are grouped under Monocotyledons or Dicotyledons, then listed aphabetically by family and scientific name, common name (when available), the location of a taxon description, natural region where the weed has been recorded following the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (Thackway & Cresswell 1995), habitats, first records and area of origin. MONOCOTYLEDONS ANTHERICACEAE Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques Spider Plant DESCRIPTION: See McCune and Hardin (1993). DISTRIBUTION: Jarrah Forest and Warren IBRA Regions. HABITATS: Plants have established from discarded garden refuse spreading by plantlets and seed in this area and subsequently spread into the adjacent burnt and disturbed Karri - Marri Forest.
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PHYLOGENOMIC PLACEMENT OF ANCIENT POLYPLOIDY EVENTS WITHIN THE POALES AND AGAVOIDEAE (ASPARAGALES) by MICHAEL RAMON MCKAIN (Under the Direction of James H. Leebens-Mack) ABSTRACT Polyploidy has been an important component to the evolution of angiosperms. Recent studies have shown that an ancient polyploid (paleopolyploid) event can be traced to the lineage leading to the diversification of all angiosperms, and it has long been known that recurring polyploid events can be found throughout the angiosperm tree of life. With the advent of high- throughput sequencing, the prominent place of paleopolyploid events in the evolutionary history of angiosperms has become increasingly clear. Polyploidy is thought to spur both diversification and trait innovation through the duplication and reworking of gene networks. Understanding the evolutionary impact of paleopolyploidy within the angiosperms requires knowing when these events occurred during angiosperm evolution. This study utilizes a high-throughput phylogenomic approach to identify the timing of paleopolyploid events by comparing the origin of paralogous genes within a gene family to a known species tree. Transcriptome data derived from taxa in lineages with previously little to no genomic data, were utilized to assess the timing of duplication events within hundreds of gene families. Previously described paleopolyploid events in the history of grasses, identified through analyses of syntenic blocks within Poaceae genomes, were placed on the Poales phylogeny and the implications of these events were considered. Additionally, a previously unverified paleopolyploidy event was found to have occurred in a common ancestor of all members of the Asparagales and commelinids (including Poales, Zingiberales, Commelinales, Arecales and Dasypogonales). The phylogeny of the Asparagaceae subfamily Agavoideae was resolved using whole chloroplast genomes, and two previously unknown paleopolyploid events were described within the context of that phylogeny.
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