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New and Existing Weeds Threats to South Australia and Its Regions and Challenges Associated with Identification

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New and Existing Weeds Threats to South Australia and Its Regions and Challenges Associated with Identification New and existing weeds threats to South Australia and its regions and challenges associated with identification Chris Brodie State Herbarium of South Australia Adelaide Botanic Gardens, Hackney Rd, Adelaide. 6th WMSSA conference 2-3 May 2018 What I will talk about? How many vascular species are present in SA? Definition of a native plants and a weed? New and recent weed records for South Australia How can we identify potential new weed threats…[for weed risk assessment]? What to do if you find any unknown plants? How many known vascular plant taxa are there growing wild in South Australia How many known vascular plant taxa are there growing wild in South Australia New (weed) naturalised and questionably naturalised records to South Australia Natives Block from Iphone Swainsona formosa - Sturt Desert Pea Eucalyptus obliqua - Stringybark Naturalised Introduced Buffel grass – Cenchrus spp. Introduced Blackberries - Rubus species Questionably naturalised Turk’s cap - Malvaviscus arboreus New weed records for South Australia since start of 2009 (cumulative) Data from the yearly Regional Landscape surveillance reports produced by the State Herbarium. The distinction between field work and Herbarium was not reported in the years 2010/11 to 2012/13 New weed records for South Australia per year since 2009 Data from the yearly Regional Landscape surveillance reports produced by the State Herbarium. The distinction between field work and Herbarium was not reported in the years 2010/11 to 2012/13 A selection of new and recently ‘Naturalised’ [weed] and ‘questionably naturalised’ [potential weed] records for South Australia & Identifying potential new weed threats for weed risk assessment. Cardiospermum grandiflorum (Balloon Vine) Chlorophytum comosum (Spider plant) Fraxinus ornus (Manna Ash) Fraxinus angustifolia (Desert Ash) Chasmanthe aethiopica (Small Cobra Lily) Chasmanthe floribunda (African corn-flag or Cobra Lily) Carex divulsa (grey sedge) Nerine sarniensis (Guernsey-lily) AMARYLLIDACEAE 91.466 Amaryllis * Amaryllis belladonna L. – FR[2]* NL[2]* YP[1]* SL[9]* SE[2]* (SA[16]) map Calostemma Calostemma abdicatum P.J.Lang – NW[13] map – Calostemma purpureum auct.non R.Br.: Jessop(1983), partly – Calostemma sp. Everard Ranges (P.J.Lang BS23-30021) P.J.Lang Calostemma luteum Sims – LE[17] GT[1] FR[4] MU[6] (SA[28]). QLD NSW map Calostemma purpureum R.Br. – FR[14] EA[3] EP[3] NL[26] MU[14] YP[7] SL[95] ??[1] (SA[163]). NSW VIC map Crinum Crinum flaccidum Herb. – LE[41] GT[17] FR[9] EA[2] EP[17] MU[33] (SA[119]). WA NT QLD NSW VIC map – Crinum luteolum Traub & L.S.Hannibal – Crinum pedunculatum auct.non R.Br.: J.M.Black(1922) Leucojum * Leucojum aestivum L. – FR[1]* NL[2]* SL[14]* (SA[17]) map Narcissus * Narcissus jonquilla L. – FR[1]* SL[2]* (SA[3]) map * Narcissus × medioluteus Mill. – NL[1]* map * Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. – SL[6]* map * Narcissus tazetta L. – FR[2]?e EP[5]?e NL[4]* MU[1]?e YP[2]* SL[42]* KI[2]* (SA[58]) map Nerine ?e Nerine sarniensis (L.) Herb. – SL[5]?e. WA*. ZAF map Sternbergia ?e Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ex Spreng. – SL[1]?e map – Sternbergia lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. ex Spreng. ssp. lutea Zephyranthes ?e Zephyranthes candida (Lindl.) Herb. – NL[1]?e. QLD* NSW* VIC?e. SAM map – Amaryllis candida Lindl. Cleretum bellidiforme (Livingstone Daisy) Hedera species (English & Irish and other species of Ivy) AsianEnglish Ivy Ivy – Hedera– Hedera species helix IrishAsian Ivy Ivy – –HederaHedera hibernica species English Ivy – Hedera helix Irish Ivy – Hedera hibernica Grasses Eragrostis species Eragrostis tricophora (Not Declared) Eragrostis curvula – African love grass (Declared) Node, normally purple Glandular Glandular ring unbroken ring on broken and Eragrostis sparse (not trichophora, prominent) on NOT normally Eragrostis seen or not so curvula prominent on (African Eragrostis Lovegrass) curvula Long hairs Or present (or not) Lowest Lowest flower Long straight flower branch white hairs on branches singular lowest flower few and whorl. ALWAYS unevenly evenly whorled whorled Glandular ring under lowest flower whorl, (not always seen) Nassella species Nassella species and look-a-likes Austrostipa curticoma Austrostipa curticoma WoNS Native Declared Native weed Nassella neesiana Native Austrostipa nodosa Austrostipa Native nodosa Chilean needlegrass – Nassella nessiana Eucalyptus stricklandii - Port Wakefield highway on roadside near Lochiel (N&Y) Eucalyptus species spreading in Monarto planting (SAMDB) Eucalyptus salubris - Gimlet - WA species, 1000’s Eucalyptus intertexta - Gum-barked Coolabah - arid SA 0 Identification • Do not despair if you are unable to identify unknown plants!! • The State Herbarium of South Australia specialises in identification of plants! • Chris Brodie (me) specialises in the identification of non-native plants (WEEDS) growing wild in South Australia. • GET IN CONTACT WITH me to identify or confirm identification of suspected weeds • Take photograph or even better • Take a specimen with field data. Take home messages! New unknown weeds are appearing all the time! Any unknown plants could be the next big weed… so get an identification! The State Herbarium Weeds Botanist, Chris Brodie… CAN and will HELP. Collections are best, photographs can help! We must work together to manage weeds . PLEASE get in contact with me and speak to others in your region and throughout SA Knowledge is POWER. We can then answer the question… What is it? Do I need to kill it? Information exists, we must have a name to look for information on the plant species in question… Chris Brodie Weeds Botanist, State Herbarium of South Australia (AD), Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium Department for Environment and Water (DEW), South Australian Government. Ph: (08) 8222 9468 Smart Phone: 0437 825 685 email: [email protected] Location: Old Tram Barn, Adelaide Botanic Gardens, Hackney Rd, Adelaide SA 5000 Postal address: GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, SA 5001, AUSTRALIA Useful [SA] websites Herbarium blog website: https://know.ourplants.org/ efloraSA Electronic Flora of South Australia: http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/census.shtml The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH): http://avh.chah.org.au/ Atlas of living Australia (ALA): https://www.ala.org.au/ The Australian Plant Census (APC): https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc Other Useful Australian & International websites Flora of Victoria https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/ NSW Flora online (PlantNET): http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/search/simple.htm The Plant List (A working list of all plant species): http://www.theplantlist.org/ Jstor - Global Plant (specimens online): https://plants.jstor.org/ Department for Environment and Water (Step 1). Pressing a plant – Step 1. is recording DATA !!!! – Location in words • GPS – Habitat – Frequency – Habit – Flower/ fruit colour details – Any additional / helpful information – Your name – Date collected (uprooted) – Your contact details on back (Step 2). Pressing a plant – Step 2. is Pressing a plant – Representative parts for grasses… Just one or a few stems from root to flower – Flowers (Important) – Roots – Stem – Leaves (arrangement on stem) – Press in paper to flatten and dry the plant out. – Press paper between cardbord New (weed) naturalised and questionably naturalised records to South Australia 13 Botanical-geographical regions.
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