Of Beren and Lúthien” in the Silmarillion
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“To Trees All Men Are Orcs”: the Environmental Ethic of J.R.R. Tolkien's “The New Shadow” (Forthcoming in Tolkien Studies)
“To trees all Men are Orcs”: The environmental ethic of J.R.R. Tolkien's “The New Shadow” (forthcoming in Tolkien Studies) Introduction In the last few decades, a number of works have aimed to examine the environmental ethics implicit in the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien (e.g. Brisbois 2005, Curry 1997, Dickerson and Evans 2006, Ekman 2013, Habermann and Kuhn 2011, Jeffers 2014, Resta 1990, Simonson 2015). The great majority of this scholarly attention has focused on the text of the published Lord of the Rings, with some secondary consideration for The Hobbit and The Silmarillion. In doing so, scholars (aside from brief mentions by Birzer 2003 and Flieger 2000) have passed over what may be Tolkien's most explicit statement about environmental ethics in his writings about his legendarium: a debate between the characters Saelon and Borlas in The New Shadow, his abortive attempt to write a sequel to The Lord of the Rings (Tolkien 1996). Saelon and Borlas directly consider the proper relationship of humans to nature, and the limits of our exploitation of it. This paper's purpose is twofold. After introducing recent scholarship on Tolkien as an environmental writer and the text of the Saelon-Borlas debate, I first bring these two bodies of writing together, showing how the debate in The New Shadow reflects and extends the environmental perspective contained in Tolkien's better-known works. Second, I bring the debate into conversation with another significant body of literature, that of normative environmental ethics. I show how the claims made by Saelon and Borlas reflect sophisticated thinking about questions of biocentrism and anthropocentrism, and of the possibility of respectful use of nature, that environmental ethicists have weighed. -
Tolkien Encyclopedia
Tolkien Encyclopedia The Accursed • Oromë • Uldor Algund Adanedhel • A member of the Guar-waith. • Túrin Almarian Adurant • The daughter of Vëantur, husband of • A tributary of Gelion. Meneldur, and mother of Anardil, Ailinel, and Almiel. Aegnor • Elvish son of Finarfin. Almiel • Called: Egnor • A daughter of Meneldur and Almarian. Aelin-uial Alqualondë • The Twilight Meres • The mansions of Olwë in Aman. • Called: The Haven of Swans. Aerandir • A mariner who sailed with Eärendil to Aman Aman. • Home of the Valar. Across the Outer Sea from Arda Aerin • Called: The Land of Aman, the Blessed • A relative of Húrin. The wife of Brodda, an Realm, the Guarded Realm Easterling. The daughter of Indor. Amlach The After-born • The son of Imlach. • Men Amon Ereb The Aftercomers • A hill in Ossiriand where Denethor died • Men during the First Battle of the Wars of Beleriand. Agarwaen • Túrin Amon Ethir • A hill raised by Finrod in front of Aglon Nargothrond. • Himlad • Called: The Spyhill Ailinel Amon Gwareth • A daughter of Meneldur and Almarian, the • A mountain in Tumladen. wife of Orchaldor, and mother of Soronto. Amon Obel Ainairos • A mountain in Brethil. • An Elf of Alqualondë who stirred up the Valar against Melkor. Amon Rûdh • Mîm’s home in the west of Doriath. The Ainu of Evil • Called: Sharbhund, the Bald Hill, Bar-en- • Melkor Danwedh, the House of Ransom, Echad i Sedryn, Camp of the Faithful Alcarinquë and Elemmírë • Stars Amras • Elvish son of Fëanor. Aldarion • Anardil Amrod • Elvish son of Fëanor. Aldaron Tolkien Encyclopedia Anadûnê Anduin the Great • Andor • A river in Arda Anardil Andúnië • The son of Meneldur and Almarian. -
Small Renaissances Engendered in JRR Tolkien's Legendarium
Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU Senior Honors Theses Honors College 2017 'A Merrier World:' Small Renaissances Engendered in J. R. R. Tolkien's Legendarium Dominic DiCarlo Meo Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/honors Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Meo, Dominic DiCarlo, "'A Merrier World:' Small Renaissances Engendered in J. R. R. Tolkien's Legendarium" (2017). Senior Honors Theses. 555. http://commons.emich.edu/honors/555 This Open Access Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact lib- [email protected]. 'A Merrier World:' Small Renaissances Engendered in J. R. R. Tolkien's Legendarium Abstract After surviving the trenches of World War I when many of his friends did not, Tolkien continued as the rest of the world did: moving, growing, and developing, putting the darkness of war behind. He had children, taught at the collegiate level, wrote, researched. Then another Great War knocked on the global door. His sons marched off, and Britain was again consumed. The "War to End All Wars" was repeating itself and nothing was for certain. In such extended dark times, J. R. R. Tolkien drew on what he knew-language, philology, myth, and human rights-peering back in history to the mythologies and legends of old while igniting small movements in modern thought. Arthurian, Beowulfian, African, and Egyptian myths all formed a bedrock for his Legendarium, and fantasy-fiction as we now know it was rejuvenated.Just like the artists, authors, and thinkers from the Late Medieval period, Tolkien summoned old thoughts to craft new creations that would cement themselves in history forever. -
TOLKIEN‟S the SILMARILLION: a REEXAMINATION of PROVIDENCE by David C. Powell a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Dorothy
TOLKIEN‟S THE SILMARILLION: A REEXAMINATION OF PROVIDENCE by David C. Powell A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida August 2009 Copyright by David C. Powell ii ABSTRACT Author: David C. Powell Title: Tolkien‟s The Silmarillion: A Reexamination of Providence Institution: Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisor: Dr. Thomas Martin Degree Master of Arts Year 2009 Christian providence in the primary (real) world operates as the model for the spiritual movement of Eru/Illuvatar in Tolkien‟s secondary (imaginative) world. Paralleling the Christian God, Illuvatar maintains a relationship with his creation through a three-fold activity: preservation, concurrence, and government. Preservation affirms Eru‟s sovereignty as Creator, and concurrence guarantees creaturely freedom, while paradoxically, government controls, guides, and determines those wills in Time. The union of these three activities comprises the providential relationship of Illuvatar in Tolkien‟s imaginary world. The following thesis endeavors to carry the argument for providence into The Silmarillion with a declarative and analytical detail that distinguishes Illuvatar‟s providence from other temporal manifestations. Finally, the analysis reveals not only the author‟s authentic orthodox perspective, but Illuvatar‟s role in the imaginative world emerges as a reflection of Tolkien‟s authorial role in the real world. iv TOLKIEN‟S THE SILMARILLION: A REEXAMINATION OF PROVIDENCE ABBREVIATIONS . .vi INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER ONE: PRESERVATION . 7 CHAPTER TWO: CONCURRENCE . 17 CHAPTER THREE: GOVERNMENT . 50 WORKS CITED . 66 NOTES . .71 v ABBREVIATIONS Aspects “Aspects of the Fall in The Silmarillion.” Eric Schweicher. -
Bibliography of Recommended Secondary Sources I. General
Bibliography of recommended secondary sources With thanks to Denise Leathers for the initial version (items in bold are available via links to our blog as .pdf files; listings in Green show local holdings) I. General Campbell, Joseph. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1973 [1949]. (PIC/PC/RWU) Enright, Nancy. “Tolkien’s Females and the Defining of Power.” Renascence 59.2 (2007): 93-108. Flieger, Verlyn. “Fantasy and Reality: J.R.R. Tolkien’s World and the Fairy-Story Essay.” Mythlore 22.3 (1999): 4-13. Le Guin, Ursula K. “The Child and the Shadow,” and “The Staring Eye.” In The Language of the Night: Essays on Fantasy and Science Fiction. NY: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1979. (RIC, PC, RWU) Northrup, Clyde. “The Qualities of a Tolkienian Fairy-Story.” Modern Fiction Studies 50.4 (2004): 814-837. Shippey. Tom. “Light-elves, Dark-elves and Others: Tolkien’s Elvish Problem.” Tolkien Studies 1.1 (2004): 1-15. Smith, Thomas W. “Tolkien’s Catholic Imagination: Mediation and Tradition.” Religion and Literature 38.2 (2006): 73-100. Tolkien, J.R.R. “On Fairy Stories” (first given as a lecture in 1939, published in 1947, and since brought out in a critical edition edited by Verlyn Flieger and Douglas A. Anderson (2008). (ILL) ---------------. The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, edited by Humphrey Carpenter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981. (RIC, PC). II. The Legendarium Beare, Rhona. “A Mythology for England.” In Allan Turner, ed., The Silmarillion: Thirty Years On. Zürich: Walking Tree Publishers, 2007 (ILL) Fisher, Jason. “Tolkien’s Fortunate Fall and The Third Theme of Ilúvatar.” In Jonathan B. -
Myth, Fantasy and Fairy-Story in Tolkien's Middle-Earth Buveneswary
MYTH, FANTASY AND FAIRY-STORY IN TOLKIEN’S MIDDLE-EARTH Malaya BUVENESWARY VATHEMURTHYof DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY MALAYA University2016 MYTH, FANTASY AND FAIRY-STORY IN TOLKIEN’S MIDDLE-EARTH BUVENESWARY VATHEMURTHYMalaya of DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF ARTS FACULTY OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR University2016 Abstract This dissertation explores J.R.R. Tolkien’s ideas and beliefs on myth, fantasy and fairy story and their roles in portraying good and evil in his famous works. Indeed, many authors and critics such as Bradley J. Birzer, Patrick Curry, Joseph Pearce, Ursula Le Guin, and Jay Richards have researched Tolkien based on this connection. They have worked on the nature of good and evil in his stories, the relevance of Tolkien in contemporary society, and the importance of myth and fantasy. However, my original contribution would be to examine the pivotal roles of myth, fantasy and fairy story as a combined whole and to demonstrate that they depend on one another to convey truths about good and evil. This research is aimed at showing that Middle-earth evolves from a combination of these three genres. This is made evident by the way Tolkien crafted his lecture On Fairy Stories for a presentation at the AndrewMalaya Lang lecture at the University of St Andrews in 1939. This dissertation then examines Tolkien’s own definitions of myth, fantasy and fairy stories and his extensiveof research on these “old-fashioned” or forgotten genres. He believed they could provide a cure for the moral and human degradation triggered by modernism. -
Orc Hosts, Armies and Legions: a Demographic Study
Volume 16 Number 4 Article 2 Summer 7-15-1990 Orc Hosts, Armies and Legions: A Demographic Study Tom Loback Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Loback, Tom (1990) "Orc Hosts, Armies and Legions: A Demographic Study," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 16 : No. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol16/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Calculates the likely population of Orcs in Middle-earth at various times based on Tolkien’s use of the military terms host, army, and legion. Uses The Silmarillion and several volumes of The History of Middle- earth to “show a developing concept of Orc military organization and, by inference, an idea of Orc demographics.” Additional Keywords Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Orcs—Demographics; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Orcs—History; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Orcs—Military organization This article is available in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. -
A Study of Musical Affect in Howard Shore's Soundtrack to Lord of the Rings
PROJECTING TOLKIEN'S MUSICAL WORLDS: A STUDY OF MUSICAL AFFECT IN HOWARD SHORE'S SOUNDTRACK TO LORD OF THE RINGS Matthew David Young A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF MUSIC IN MUSIC THEORY May 2007 Committee: Per F. Broman, Advisor Nora A. Engebretsen © 2007 Matthew David Young All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Per F. Broman, Advisor In their book Ten Little Title Tunes: Towards a Musicology of the Mass Media, Philip Tagg and Bob Clarida build on Tagg’s previous efforts to define the musical affect of popular music. By breaking down a musical example into minimal units of musical meaning (called musemes), and comparing those units to other musical examples possessing sociomusical connotations, Tagg demonstrated a transfer of musical affect from the music possessing sociomusical connotations to the object of analysis. While Tagg’s studies have focused mostly on television music, this document expands his techniques in an attempt to analyze the musical affect of Howard Shore’s score to Peter Jackson’s film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings Trilogy. This thesis studies the ability of Shore’s film score not only to accompany the events occurring on-screen, but also to provide the audience with cultural and emotional information pertinent to character and story development. After a brief discussion of J.R.R. Tolkien’s description of the cultures, poetry, and music traits of the inhabitants found in Middle-earth, this document dissects the thematic material of Shore’s film score. -
Fire and Ice: the Traditional Heroine in <I>The Silmarillion</I>
Volume 18 Number 1 Article 7 Fall 10-15-1991 Fire and Ice: The Traditional Heroine in The Silmarillion Sarah Beach Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Beach, Sarah (1991) "Fire and Ice: The Traditional Heroine in The Silmarillion," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 18 : No. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol18/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Defines the Light and Dark heroine, each of which may have a positive or negative aspect. Sees Finduilas and Nienor Níniel as negative, non-active, acted upon; Lúthien and Idril participate “in the course of their heroes’ actions.” Additional Keywords Fair and dark ladies; Heroines; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Finduilas; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Idril; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Lúthien Tinúviel; Tolkien, J.R.R.—Characters—Niënor/Níniel; Tolkien, J.R.R. -
Tolkien Encyclopedia
Tolkien Encyclopedia The Accursed • Called: The Hornburg, Glæmscrafu • Uldor (Rohirrim) Adanedhel Aglon • Túrin • Himlad Adorn Akallabêth the Downfallen • A river in the Enedwaith near the fortress of • Andor Freca. Ailinel Adrahil • A daughter of Meneldur and Almarian, the • (Númenórean) Ondoher’s Captain of the wife of Orchaldor, and mother of Soronto. Left Wing Ainairos Adûnaic • An Elf of Alqualondë who stirred up the • The language of the King’s Men in Andor. Valar against Melkor. Adurant The Ainu of Evil • A tributary of Gelion. • Melkor Aeglos Aiwendil • The spear of Gil-galad. • An Istari sent by Yavanna. • Called: Radagast Aegnor • Elvish son of Finarfin. Alatar • Called: Egnor • An Istari sent by Oromë. Aelin-uial Alcarin • The Twilight Meres • Atanatar II Aerandir Alcarinquë and Elemmírë • A mariner who sailed with Eärendil to • Stars Aman. Alcarondas Aerin • Pharazôn’s mighty ship. • A relative of Húrin. The wife of Brodda, an • Called: Castle of the Sea Easterling. The daughter of Indor. Aldamir The After-born • (Eldarin) A son of Eldacar and father of • Men Hyarmendacil II. A king of Gondor. The Aftercomers Aldarion • Men • Anardil Agarwaen Aldaron • Túrin • Oromë Aghan Adelard Took • A Drûg leech and friend of Barach. • A hobbit friend of Bilbo. Aglarond Aldor • A fortress watching the Gap of • (Rohirrim) A son of Brego and father of Calenardhon. Fréa. A king of the Rohirrim who drove out the Dunlendings. Tolkien Encyclopedia Algund Amon Gwareth • A member of the Guar-waith. • (Sindarin) A mountain in Tumladen. Almarian Amon Obel • The daughter of Vëantur, husband of • (Sindarin) A mountain in Brethil. Meneldur, and mother of Anardil, Ailinel, and Almiel. -
“Of Beren and Lúthien” in the Silmarillion but Daeron the Minstrel
An excerpt from “Of Beren and Lúthien” in The Silmarillion But Daeron the minstrel also loved Lúthien, and he espied her meetings with Beren, and betrayed them to Thingol. Then the King was filled with anger, for Lúthien he loved above all things, setting her above all the princes of the Elves; whereas mortal Men he did not even take into his service. Therefore he spoke in grief and amazement to Lúthien; but she would reveal nothing, until he swore an oath to her that he would neither slay Beren nor imprison him. But he sent his servants to lay hands on him and lead him to Menegroth as a malefactor; and Lúthien forestalling them led Beren herself before the throne of Thingol, as if he were an honoured guest. Then Thingol looked upon Beren in scorn and anger; but Melian was silent. 'Who are you', said the King, 'that come hither as a thief, and unbidden dare to approach my throne?' But Beren being filled with dread, for the splendour of Menegroth and the majesty of Thingol were very great, answered nothing. Therefore Lúthien spoke, and said: 'He is Beren son of Barahir, lord of Men, mighty foe of Morgoth, the tale of whose deeds is become a song even among the Elves.' 'Let Beren speak!' said Thingol. 'What would you here, unhappy mortal, and for what cause have you left your own land to enter this, which is forbidden to such as you? Can you show reason why my power should not be laid on you in heavy punishment for you insolence and folly?' Then Beren looking up beheld the eyes of Lúthien, and his glance went also to the face of Melian and it seemed to him that words were put into his mouth. -
The Hobbit and Tolkien's Mythology Ed. Bradford Lee Eden
Volume 37 Number 1 Article 23 10-15-2018 The Hobbit and Tolkien's Mythology Ed. Bradford Lee Eden David L. Emerson Independent Scholar Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Emerson, David L. (2018) "The Hobbit and Tolkien's Mythology Ed. Bradford Lee Eden," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 37 : No. 1 , Article 23. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol37/iss1/23 This Book Reviews is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Additional Keywords Hobbit; Lord of the Rings This book reviews is available in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol37/iss1/23 Reviews moves on to the other element of his cross-disciplinary equation and provides a short history of modern fantasy and theories about the genre; much of this will already be familiar to most readers of Mythlore, at least.