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Intro To: Scanning Long Island

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Intro To: Scanning Long Island Intro to: Scanning Long Island Download these slides at: http://www.w2lie.net/hru Phil Lichtenberger w2lie http://www.w2lie.net/hru Topics • Conventional Scanning • Trunked Scanning • PL / DPL / NAC • Digital Modes (P25 / Mototrbo) • Rebanding • Useful Equipment for Long Island Scanning http://www.w2lie.net/hru Advanced Forum Topics How to get more from your scanner with a PC • Software based trunk decoding Unitrunker / Pro96Com / Trunk88 • Conventional Logging Freescan / ProScan / BuTel Software • Home Patrol Extreme Features • Digital Modulation Decoding – DSD Decoder / DSM Decoder – Monitoring MotoTRBO / NXDN / DMR / P25 http://www.w2lie.net/hru US Frequency Allocations http://www.w2lie.net/hru Conventional Scanning http://www.w2lie.net/hru Conventional Scanning • Simplex – Single Frequency • Ex. Fireground Operations Tx / Rx = A Tx / Rx = A http://www.w2lie.net/hru Conventional Scanning • Repeater – Separate Input & Output Frequency • Ex. Dispatch System Tx = A Tx = A Rx = B Rx = B http://www.w2lie.net/hru Conventional Scanning • Duplex – Two Frequencies, used in RX/TX & TX/RX • Ex. New York State Police Tx = A Rx = A Rx = B Tx = B http://www.w2lie.net/hru Conventional Scanning Tone Control • PL / CTCSS (Motorola Private Line) – Sub Audible signals transmitted with analog signals carrying voice transmission – Receivers only open squelch for radios transmitting the correct PL tone – Allows agencies to share the same frequency, but not hear each other (unless they also share the same PL) http://www.w2lie.net/hru Conventional Scanning Tone Control • DPL / DCS (Digital Private Line) – Digital coded Squelch signals transmitted with analog signals carrying voice transmission – Receivers only open squelch for radios transmitting the correct DPL tone – Allows agencies to share the same frequency, but not hear each other (unless they also share the same DPL) http://www.w2lie.net/hru PL Tones • The following chart showing each PL tone's two-character alphanumeric designator and the corresponding tone frequency in Hertz. Code Tone Freq. Code Tone Freq. Code Tone Freq. XZ 67.0 1B 107.2 6A 173.8 WZ 69.3 2Z 110.9 6B 179.9 XA 71.9 2A 114.8 7Z 186.2 WA 74.4 2B 118.8 7A 192.8 XB 77.0 3Z 123.0 M1 203.5 WB 79.7 3A 127.3 8Z 206.5 YZ 82.5 3B 131.8 M2 210.7 YA 85.4 4Z 136.5 M3 218.1 YB 88.5 4A 141.3 M4 225.7 ZZ 91.5 4B 146.2 9Z 229.1 ZA 94.8 5Z 151.4 M5 233.6 ZB 97.4 5A 156.7 M6 241.8 1Z 100.0 5B 162.2 M7 250.3 1A 103.5 6Z 167.9 0Z 254.1 http://www.metrocor.net/ctcss.htm http://www.w2lie.net/hru DPL Tones 023 131 251 371 546 025 132 252 411 565 026 134 255 412 606 031 143 261 413 612 032 145 263 423 624 036 152 265 431 627 043 155 266 432 631 047 156 271 445 632 051 162 274 446 654 053 165 306 452 662 054 172 311 454 664 065 174 315 462 703 071 205 325 464 712 072 212 331 465 723 073 223 332 466 731 074 225 343 503 732 114 226 346 506 734 115 243 351 516 743 116 244 356 523 754 122 245 364 526 125 246 365 532 http://www.w2lie.net/hru Digital Scanning APCO-25 http://www.w2lie.net/hru Digital Scanning APCO-25 / Project 25 • Project 25 (P25) is a set of standards produced through the joint efforts of the Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International (APCO), the National Association of State Telecommunications Directors (NASTD), selected Federal Agencies and the National Communications System (NCS), and standardized under the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)... The P25 suite of standards involves digital Land Mobile Radio (LMR) services for local, state/provincial and national (federal) public safety organizations and agencies... Source: Daniels' P25 Radio System Training Guide http://www.w2lie.net/hru Digital Scanning APCO-25 / Project 25 Source: Daniels' P25 Radio System Training Guide http://www.w2lie.net/hru Digital Scanning NAC Codes • Network Access Code, the P25 equivalent of PL or DPL. • 12 bit code that prefixes every voice or data packet sent • 3 digit hexadecimal number (12 bits) • 4096 possible NAC's for programming Source: Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_25 http://www.w2lie.net/hru Digital Scanning Special NAC Codes • 0x293 ($293) - the default NAC • 0xf7e ($F7E) - a receiver set for this NAC will unsquelch on any NAC received • 0xf7f ($F7F) - a repeater receiver set for this NAC will allow all incoming signals and the repeater transmitter will retransmit the received NAC. Source: Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_25 http://www.w2lie.net/hru Trunking EDACS / LTR / Motorola http://www.w2lie.net/hru Trunking Overview • Multiple Users share pooled Frequencies • User “Groups” (Talk Groups) are assigned a Frequency / channel to use. • More effective use of resources compared to conventional systems. • Systems can be linked into networks. http://www.w2lie.net/hru Trunking Overview • All radios on the system listen to the “Control Channel” for information • A user keys their radio, and requests a voice channel • Radio automatically drops back to receive mode to hear directions over the control channel. (User does not need to un-key the radio) • Trunk system directs the user to requesting a voice channel to move to an empty channel • All Users of the Group move to the assigned channel to communicate http://www.w2lie.net/hru Common Trunk Systems found on Long Island • EDACS • Motorola Type II Project 25 (P25) MotoTRBO Capacity Plus / Connect Plus • LTR Standard http://www.w2lie.net/hru Trunking Overview Suffolk County Motorola System monitored using UniTrunker and a BC15XT Click to play video http://www.w2lie.net/hru EDACS Trunk System (Enhanced Digital Access Communications System) • EDACS Standard / Wide – 9600 baud Control channel – 25 kHz Wide • EDACS Narrow – 4800 baud control channel – 12.5 kHz Wide • EDACS SCAT – “Single Channel Autonomous Trunking” – Operate on one frequency and alternate between CC and Voice • EDACS Networked – Allows multiple sites to be networked together creating a System – May be configured as “Standard” or “Narrowband” http://www.w2lie.net/hru EDACS Trunk System (Enhanced Digital Access Communications System) • Frequencies must be programmed in Logical Channel Number (LCN) – System can have up to 24 LCNs • Systems allow over 16,000 users to be defined on the system • Group Hierarchy – Agencies • Fleets – Subfleets • Talkgroups are programmed into scanners in AFS Format – Ex. 06-141 http://www.w2lie.net/hru EDACS Trunk System (Enhanced Digital Access Communications System) Sample EDACS LCN Sample EDACS Talk Group Programming Programming http://www.w2lie.net/hru EDACS Trunk System Local EDACS System • Nassau County Public • Port Authority of NY/NJ Safety – JFK Airport – Nassau OEM – Nassau Sheriffs – LGA Airport – Nassau Firecom / HazMat – EWR Airport – Nassau DPW – Bridges & Tunnels – Village Governments – MTA – NUMC – County Parks http://www.w2lie.net/hru Motorola Trunk Systems • Scanners may work on programming Control channels and Alternate Control channels only – Some older scanners that support CC Only may require a channel plan • 800MHz frequencies determined by standard channel numbers • May require special programming for UHF systems, splinter, or rebanded systems that do not use the standard channel layouts. http://www.w2lie.net/hru Motorola Trunk Systems Types of Motorola Trunk Systems • Type I • Type II – Type IIi Hybrid – Type II Smartnet – Type II SmartZone – Type II SmartZone Omni Link – Type II VOC http://www.w2lie.net/hru Motorola Trunk Systems Type I systems • Type I – Radios Tx ID, Fleet Info, Subfleet Info – Radios transmits its own affiliation – Arranged in Fleet-Subfleet Hierarchy – “Fleetmaps” needed to be used to Track a Type I System – Example Talkgroup: • 100-20 http://www.w2lie.net/hru Motorola Trunk Systems Type II Systems • Type IIi Hybrid • Type II Smartzone Omnilink – Up to 4 Smarzone systems can be linked at a time. – Systems that still use Type I radio – Up to 192 sites can be linked – Used for Large coverage areas – Include new Type II radios • Motorola Type II VOC – Type I and Type II radios can – Voice On Control Setup – “Bare bones” System interop. – Used for coverage gaps • Type II Smartnet – Control channel can become Voice Ch. – APCO 16 complient – Upto 28 Frequencies – Up to 65534 Radios – Up to 4095 talk groups – Use Odd Talkgroups – Use status bits • Type II Smartzone – Networked Smartnet systems via Microwave or other linking method – Sites may only transmit in the area the radio is affiliated in, and not the entire network – Limited to 64 sites http://www.w2lie.net/hru Motorola Trunk Systems Type II Systems • Type II – Radios only TX radio ID – System database knows radio’s affiliation – No limitations on how many radios can be in a talkgroup. Type I had limitations – Talkgroups are divisible by 16 http://www.w2lie.net/hru Motorola Trunk Systems Type II Talkgroups • Talkgroups are normally programmed in “Decimal” format • Status bits may be used for special functions – There are 16 status bits that change the TGID – Scanner are usually programmed to “ignore” status bits. • Example: – SCPD Sheriff on TG 848 transmits an Emergency – TG 848+2 = TG 850 Chart: Radio Reference Database http://www.w2lie.net/hru Motorola Trunk System Some Local Motorola Systems • Suffolk County (SmartZone) • NYC DoITT (UHF SmartZone) – Suffolk County & Village PD – Corrections – Suffolk Medcom – DOT – County Operations – NYPD • East Hampton (SmartNet) – OEM – Fire Departments • NYC DoITT (800 SmartZone) – Police Departments – DEP – OEM – FDNY – City Servcies • Westchester (UHF SmartZone) – OEM – Fire / Police http://www.w2lie.net/hru
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