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Home , Magnetized target fusion, Migma, Reversed field pinch, Shiva Star

BIOGRAPHIES OF EVALUATORS

Dr. Edward C. Creutz Dr. Arthur R. Kantrowitz, Chairman Dr. Joseph E. Lannutti Dr. Hans J. Schneider-Muntau Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg Dr. Frederick Seitz Dr. William B. Thompson

EDWARD CHESTER CREUTZ

Edward Chester Creutz: Education: B.S. Mathematics and Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1936; Ph.D. Physics, U. of Wisconsin, 1939; Thesis: Resonance Scattering of by . Professional Experience: 1977-1984, Director, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI; 197frI977, Acting Deputy Director, National Science Foundation, Washington, DC; 1975--1977, Assistant Director for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, and Engineering, National Science Foundation; 1970-1975, Assistant Director for Research, National Sci• ence Foundation (Presidential appointee); 1955-1970, Vice President, Research and De• velopment, General Atomic, San Diego, CA; 1955-1956, Scientist at large, Controlled Thermonuclear Program, Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC; 1948-1955, Pro• fessor and Head, Department of Physics, and Director, Nuclear Research Center, Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh, PA; 194fr1948, Associate Professor of Physics, Carnegie Institute of Technology; 1944-1946, Group Leader, Los Alamos, NM; 1942-1944, Group Leader, Manhattan Project, Chicago, IL; 1939-1942, Instructor of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. 1945 ff, Consultant to AEC, NASA, Industry. 1960 ff, Editorial Advisory Board: American Nuclear Society, Annual Reviews, Handbuch der Physik, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Publications: 65 in fields of Physics, Metallurgy, Mathematics, Botany, and Science Pol• icy. Patents: 18 Nuclear Energy Applications.

577 578 Biographies of Evaluaton

Honors: Phi Kappa; Tau Beta Pi; Sigma Xi; National Science Foundation Distin• guished Service Award; University of Wisconsin, College of Engineering, Distinguished Service Citation; American Nuclear Society, Pioneer Award. Memberships: National Academy of Sciences; AAAS, Fellow; American Physical Society, Fellow; American Association of Physics Teachers; American Nuclear Society.

ARTHUR R. KANTROWITZ

Arthur R. Kantrowitz, Professor of Engineering at the Thayer School of Engineer• ing of Dartmouth College, earned his B. S., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees in physics at Colum• bia University. He taught aeronautical engineering and engineering physics at Cornell for ten years, and then founded and was CEO of the Avco Everett Research Laboratory. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineer• ing, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Associa• tion for the Advancement of Sciences, and the American Astronautical Society. He was a Fulbright and Guggenheim Fellow, and recipient of the Roosevelt Medal of Honour for Distinguished Service in Science. He is an honorary trustee of the University of Roches• ter, an honorary life member of the Board of Governors of the Technion, and an honorary professor of the Hauzhong Institute of Technology in Wuhan, China. He holds 21 patents, and has published extensively. He is a director of the Hertz Foundation, and a member of the advisory board to television's popular "" program. He has served our government on advisory boards to the Ford White House, the Department of Commerce, NASA, the General Accounting Office, and the National Science Foundation.

JOSEPH E. LANNUTTI

Joseph E. Lannuttl: Born May 4, 1926, Malvern, PA; married with three children. High Energy Experimental Particle Physicist, Ph.D. 1957, University of California at Berkeley. Served in the U.S. Army, 28th Infantry Division, European Theatre, in WWII 1944-46; Worked in Motive Power Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company 1943-44 and 1946-47. Worked as a theoretical physicist designing guided missile autonavigation systems, at the North American Aviation, Inc., Downey, CA 1952···53; and as a research assistant at the University of California Laboratory 1953-57.. Came to Florida State University (FSU) as Assistant Professor in September 1957; promoted to Professor of Physics in 1965; appointed Associate Vice President for Aca• demic Affairs in 1984. Established laboratory for High Energy Particle Physics research at FSU and has been principal investigator since 1957. Continuous research funding from U.S. Depart• ment of Energy with FY93 budget over $IM; present personnel approximately 30. Published more than 150 scientific articles and abstracts. Established F AMUlFSU College of Engineering in 1982 and co-directed it until September 1984. Enrollment in 1992-93 approximately 2,000 students. Established Supercomputer Computations Research Institute (SCRI) in 1984 and was Director 1984-1993. SCRI is the first federal/state/industry computations research in- Biographies of Evaluators 579

stitute of its kind in the United States and has a FY93 budget of approximately $lOM; pre• sent personnel approximately 70. Appointed Associate Vice President for Research 1992.

National Organization Memberships

Past • High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, U.S. Department of Energy • Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Board of Directors, Chairman of Council • University Research Association, Board of Trustees, Chairman of Physics Com• mittee • Southeastern University Research Association, Board of Trustees • Users Executive Committee, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Present Member of User Organizations at • Brookhaven National Accelerator Laboratory, Long Island, NY • Fermi National Laboratory, Batavia, IL • Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA • Center for Nuclear Research for Europe, Geneva, Switzerland • University of Research Association Fermilab Review Committee

HANS J. SCHNEIDER-MUNTAU

Professional Interests: Advancement of magnet technology, development of state-of• the-art magnet systems, laboratory management Education: Ph.D., Electrical Engineering, University of Munich, 1967 M.S., Electrical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 1962 B.S., Electrical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 1958 Professional Experience: 1991 - Present Deputy Director, National High Laboratory. Director, Magnet Development and Technology Group, NHMFL. Professor of Mechanical Engineering. 1972-1991 Chief Engineer, High-Field Magnet-Laboratory, Grenoble, of the Max-Planck-Institute f'lir Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart. Responsible for magnet development and administration, worked on development of resistive, pulsed and hybrid magnets and facility improvements. 1967-1972 Head of the Development Laboratory, European Space Research Institute, Frascati. Worked on space simulation experiments, development of high-voltage ns discharges, capacitor banks and pulsed sources. 1962-1967 Scientist, Institut rur Plasmaphysik, Garching, of the Max• Planck- Gesellschaft, Munich. Worked on fusion technology, developed pulsed sources, and fast high voltage discharges. 580 Biographies of Evaluators

GLENN T. SEABORG

Glenn T. Seaborg is currently University Professor of Chemistry (the most distin• guished titled bestowed by the Regents), Associate Director-at-Large of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and Chairman of the Lawrence Hall of Science at the University of California, Berkeley. He received his A. B. in Chemistry from UCLA in 1934 and his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Berkeley in 1937. He has served on the faculty of the Berkeley campus since 1939 and was Chancellor of that campus 1958-1961. In 1961 Dr. Seaborg was appointed Chair• man of the Atomic Energy Commission by President John F. Kennedy. He was sub• sequently reappointed by both Presidents Johnson and Nixon, serving in that position until 1971. Winner of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (with E. M. McMillan) for his work on the chemistry of the transuranium elements, Glenn Seaborg is one of the discoverers of (element 94). During World War II he headed the group at the University of Chicago's Metallurgical Laboratory which devised the chemical extraction processes used in the production of plutonium for the Manhattan Project. He and his coworkers have since discovered none more transuranium elements: americium (element 95), (96), berkelium (97), californium (98), einsteinium (99), fermium (100), mendelevium (101), nobelium (102), and Element 106. He has been honoured by the recommendation by the co-discoverers of Element 106 that it be named "seaborgium," with the symbol Sc. He holds over 40 patents, including those on elements americium and curium (making him the only person ever to hold a patent on a chemical element). In 1944, Dr. Seaborg formulated the concept of heavy element electronic structure which accurately predicted that the heaviest naturally occurring elements to• gether with synthetic transuranium elements would form a transition series of actinide ele• ments in a manner analogous to the rare earth series of lanthanide elements. This concept, one of the most significant changes in the periodic table since Mendeleev's 19th century design, shows how the transuranium elements fit into the periodic table and thus demon• strates their relationships to other elements. His co-discoveries include many isotopes which have practical applications in re• search medicine and industry (such as iodine-131, technetium-99m, cobalt-57, cobalt-60, iron-55, iron-59, zink-65, cesium-137, manganese-54, antimony-124, californium-252, americium-241, plutonium-238), as well as the fissile isotopes plutonium-239 and ura• nium-233. Dr. Seaborg continues to work as an active research scientist, with a research group in the search for new isotopes and new elements at the upper end of the periodic table, in• cluding a search for the "superheavy' elements. The group is also investigating the mecha• nism of the reactions of heavy with heavy element target nuclei. Another aspect of the research program is concerned with the determination of the chemical properties of the heaviest chemical elements. Seaborg is the author of numerous books. During the spring of 1994, he published three books: Chancellor at Berkeley, a memoir about developments on the Berkeley cam• pus during his chancellorship, Modern Alchemy: The Selected Papers of Glenn T. Seaborg, and The Plutonium Story: The Journals of Professor Glenn T. Seaborg 1939-1946, which describes his discovery of plutonium and work on the Manhattan Pro• ject. Elements Beyond (1990) is a comprehensive summary of all aspects of tran• suranium elements. He has written a trilogy about his service as chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Tes' Bun (1981), Stemming the Tide: Biographies of Evaluators 581

Arms Control in the Johnson Years (1987), and The Atomic Energy Commission under Nixon: Adjusting to Troubled Times (1993); the first two books focus on arms control is• sues, while the Nixon book is more general. He has also authored over 500 scientific arti• cles and guided the graduate studies of more than 65 successful Ph.D. candidates. In addition to the Nobel Prize and a great many other awards for his work in chemistry, sci• ence education and community service, Dr. Seaborg has been awarded 50 honorary doc• toral degrees. Among his many interests are international cooperation in science, history of sci• ence (documenting the early history of nuclear science), nuclear arms control (advocating a comprehensive test ban treaty), a.ld hiking. A member of the National Commission on Excellence in Education which published the much-publicized report A Nation At Risk in 1983 and Chairman of the Lawrence Hall of Science, Dr. Seaborg is recognized as a na• tional spokesman on education, addressing in particular the crisis in the mathematics and science education.

FREDERICK SEITZ

Frederick Seitz was born in San Francisco on July 4. 1911. He received his bache• lor's degree from Stanford in 1932 and his Ph.D. from Princeton in 1934. He has written some classic works in physics including Modern Theory of Solids (1940), was co-editor of the series Solid State Physics (started in 1954), and examined the evolution of science in The Science Matrix (1992). Seitz's early career included positions at the University of Pennsylvania, the Carnegie Institute of Technology, and General Electric. During World War II, he worked for the National Defense Research Committee, the Manhattan District, and as a consultant to the Secretary of War. From 1946 to 1947 he was director of the training program on peaceful uses of atomic energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Appointed professor of physics at the University of Illinois in 1949, Seitz became department chair in 1957 and dean and vice president for research in 1964. He joined the Rockefeller University as its president in 1968. Dr. Seitz was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1951, serving as part• time president for three years before assuming full-time responsibility in 1956. He has served as advisor to NATO, the President's Science Advisory Committee, the Office of Naval Research, the National Cancer Advisory Board, the Smithsonian Institution, and other national and international agencies. He has been honored with the Franklin Medal (1965), the Compton Medal - the highest award of the American Institute of Physics (1970), the National Medal of Science (1973), two NASA Public Service Awards (1969 and 1979), the National Science Foundation's Vannevar Bush Award (1983), as well as honorary degrees from 32 universities worldwide. In 1993, the University of Illinois re• named its Materials Research Laboratory in Dr. Seitz's honor. Stanford University has honored him with the Hoover Medal and Princeton University with the Madison Medal.

WILLIAM BELL THOMPSON

William B. Thompson first came to the University of California, San Diego in Sep• tember 1961 as a Visiting Professor from the Culham Laboratory where he was head of the Theoretical Physics Division in 1961-63. From 1963 to 1965 he served as Professor of 582 Biographies of Evaluators

Plasma Physics at Oxford University and returned to UCSD as Professor of Physics in No• vember 1965, serving as department chairman 1969-72. He received his B.A. degree in physics and mathematics in 1944 and his M.A. in physics in 1947 from the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. In 1950 he received his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto, Ontario. He then went as a Senior Fellow to the Theoretical Physics Division of Harwell. the research laboratory of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, where he stayed for to years moving to Culham when that laboratory was founded. Dr. Thompson's career has been devoted to the development of the theory of physics and its applications in Controlled Thermonuclear Research. He was the theoretical member of the small group that started this research in England in 1950-- a group that fi• nally developed into the Culham Laboratory for Controlled . Professionally, he has served as Consultant to several private industries and govern• ment bodies; as a council member for the Plasma Physics Division of the American Physi• cal Society, as Associate Editor of the Journal of Plasma Physics. joint editor of Advances in Plasma Physics, and Plasma Physics and Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion. and on the editorial board of Interscience Tracts on Physics and Astronautics. He has published one monograph on plasma physics, and many articles on plasma theory and controlled thermonuclear fusion. PARTICIPANTS

Dr. Richard Aamodt Dr. Jeff Beckstead Lodestar Research Corp. Interscience, Inc. P.O. Box 4545 105 Jordon Road Boulder, CO 80306 Troy, NY 12180 U.S.A. U.S.A.

Dr. Enan Ahmed Dr. L. Bilbao 2600 Virginia A venue, # 800 INFIP Washington, DC 20037 Universidad de Buenos Aires U.S.A. Ciudad Universitaria - Pab. I 1428 Buenos Aires Dr. D. A. Baker ARGENTINA P-4 MS E554 Los Alamos National Laboratory Dr. John Blewett Los Alamos, NM 87545 7405 Sweetbriar Dr. U.S.A. College Park, MD 20740 U.S.A Dr. R. O. Bangerter Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Dr. J. S. Brzosko Accelerator and Fusion Department of Physics Research Division Stevens Institute of Technology I Cyclotron Rd. Hoboken, NJ 07030 Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A. U.S.A. Dr. J. H. Brownell Dr. Daniel Charles Barnes Group-X-5 Grp. Tl5 Los Alamos National Laboratory MS B217 MS-259 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 Los Alamos, NM 87545 U.S.A. U.S.A. Dr. Viacheslav M. Bystriskii Joint Institute of Nuclear Researches 141980 Dubna, Moscow Region RUSSIA

583 S84 Participants

Dr. Vitaly M. Bystriskii Dr. Bruno Coppi Department of Physics Department of Physics University of California Massachusetts Institute of Technology Irvine, CA 92717-4575 Rm.26-217 U.S.A. Cambridge, MA 02139 U.S.A. Mr. Andre Cadieux Cadieux & Chevalier Dr. Edward C. Creutz 983 De Saliere P.O. Box 2757 Saint-LUC, P.Q. J2w IA4 Rancho Santa FE, CA 92067 CANADA U.S.A.

Dr. Edward Michael Campbell Dr. Ben Cross L-48 I Economic Development Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Fusion/ITER Program P.O. Box 5508 Bldg. 773-41A Livermore, CA 94551 Westinghouse Savannah River Co. U.S.A. Aiken, SC 29808 U.S.A. Dr. Peter Cheeseman 2557 Webster Street Dr. Randolph R. Davis Palo Alto, CA 9430 I 44 Redding Ridge Dr. U.S.A. North Potomac, MD 20878 U.S.A. Dr. Vladimir K. Chernyshev All-Russian Scientific Research Institute Dr. James H. Degnan of Experimental Physics USA Phillips Laboratory, PLIWSP Nizhegorodsky region, RF High Energy Plasma Division 607200 Arzamas - 16 3550 Aberdeen SW RUSSIA Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776 U.S.A. Dr. Chan-Kyoo Choi School of Dr. C. Deutsch Purdue University L.P.B. P. (Associe au CNRS) West Lafayette, IN 47907 Batiment 212 U.S.A. Universite-Paris XI 914050RSAY Mr. Apichai Chvajarernpun FRANCE Royal Thai Embassy Scientific Attache Dr. Vineet Dhyani 430 I Conneticut Ave., NW Institute of Plasma Physics Washington, DC 20008 Czech Academy of Sciences U.S.A. Za Slovankou 3, P.O. Box 17 18211 Prague-8 Dr. R.L. Coldwell CZECH REPUBLIC Department of Physics University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-2085 U.S.A. Participants 585

Dr. T. J. Dolan Dr. George Goldenbaum INEL-Idaho National Engineering Office of the Dean Laboratory College of Computer, Mathematical P.O. Box 1625 and Physical Sciences Idaho Falls, ID 83415 University of Maryland U.S.A. College Park, MD 20742 U.S.A. Dr. Donald Ernst Termacore, Inc. Dr. W. B. Hermannsfeldt 780 Eden Road Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Lancaster, P A 1760 1 Stanford University U.S.A. P.O. Box 4349 Stanford, CA 94309 Dr. T. J. Fessenden U.S.A. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory I Cyclotron Rd. Dr. Julio Herrera Bldg. 471112 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Berkely, CA 94720 Universidad Nacional Autonoma U.S.A. Circuito exterior C.U. A.P.70-543 Dr. Nikolai Filippov 04510 Mexico DF I.Y. Kurchatov Institute of Atomic MEXICO Energy 123182 Moscow Dr. Yukihiro Hirano RUSSIA JAERI Washington Office 1825 K Street NW Dr. Lydie Gerard Suite 1203 CEV-M Washington, DC 20008 B.P. No.7 U.S.A. 77181 Courtry FRANCE Dr. Arthur Kantrowitz 4 Downing Road Dr. Francesco Giammanco Hanover, NH 03755 Dipartimento Di Fisica U.S.A. Universita di Pisa 56100 Pisa Dr. Predhiman K. Kaw ITALY Institute for Plasma Research Bhat Gandhinagar Dr. John Gilleland Gujarat 382 424 Bechtel National, Inc. INDIA 50 Beale Street San Francisco, CA 94105-3965 Dr. J. D. Kilkenny U.S.A. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory L473 Livermore, CA 94550 U.S.A. S86 Participants

Dr. R. Kirkpatrick Dr. I. R. Lindemuth Los Alamos National Laboratory Mail Stop 645 MS-B229 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 Los Alamos, NM 87545 U.S.A. U.S.A.

Mr. Paul M. Koloc Dr. Erick L. Lindman President Los Alamos National Laboratory Phaser Corporation MS-F645, X-I, LANL Bx 1037 Los Alamos, NM 87545 College Park, MD 20740-1037 U.S.A. U.S.A. Mr. Viacheslav Lisitsin Mr. Oh-Kab Kwon Embassy of the Russian Federation Embassy of Korea Scientific Attache Scientific Attache 1125 16th Steet, NW 2600 Virginia A venue, NW Washington, DC 20036 Washington, DC 20008 U.S.A U.S.A. Dr. B. Grant Logan Dr. John Landis Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Stone and Webster Engineering Corp. P.O. Box 5508, L-481 245 Summer Street Livermore, CA 94550 P.O. Box 2325 U.S.A. Boston, MA 02107 U.S.A. Dr. Bogdan C. MagJich Advanced Physics Corporation Dr. Joseph Lannutti 4199 Campus Dr., Suite 690 217E Westcott Bldg. Irvine, CA 92715 Florida State University U.S.A. Tallahassee, FL 32306-4093 U.S.A. Dr. J. M. Martinez-Val Institute of , Dr. M. Laroussi DENIM, E.T.S.1.1. Department of Electrical and Madrid Polytechnic University Computer Engineering Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2 The University of Tennessee 28006 Madrid 102 Ferris Hall SPAIN Knoxville, TN 37996-2100 U.S.A. Dr. Giorgio Mattiello Addetto Scientifico Dr. Herik Lerner Embassy of Italy 20 Pine Knoll Dr. 1601 Fuller St. NW Lawrenceville, NJ 08648 Washington, DC 20009 U.S.A. U.S.A. Participants 587

Dr. Michael E. Mauel Dr. Ghulam Murtaza Department of Applied Physics Head, Fusion Laboratory Columbia University Department of Physics New York, NY 10027 Quaid-I-Azam University U.S.A. Islamabad PAKISTAN Dr. George H. Miley 216 Nuclear Engineering Laboratory Dr. John H. Nuckolls University of Illinois Lawrence Livermore National 103 S. Goodwin Ave. Laboratory, L-I Urbana, IL 6180 I P.O. Box 808 U.S.A. Livermore, CA 94550 U.S.A. Mr. Ronald Militello Starborne Corporation Dr. Emilio Panarella 14625 Lake Forest Drive Advanced Laser and Fusion Lutz, FL 33549 Technology, Inc. U.S.A. 189 Deveault St., No.7 Hull, P.Q. J8z IS7 Dr. V. N. Mokhov CANADA All Russian Scientific Research and Institute of Experimental Physics Dept. of Electr. and Compo Engineering (VNIIEF) University of Tennessee Nizhay Novgorod Region 514 South Stadium Hall 607200, Arzamas-16 Knoxville, TN 37996-2100 RUSSIA U.S.A.

Dr. H. Momota Dr. Francesco Pegoraro National Institute for Fusion Science Dipartimento di Fisica Teorica Nagoya University Universita di Torino Nagoya 464 via P. Giuria, 1 JAPAN 10125 Torino ITALY Dr. Hendrik J. Monkhorst Quantum Theory Project Dr. Martin Peng 361 Williamson Hall Oak Ridge National Laboratory University Of Florida P.O. Box Y Gainesville, FL 32611-8435 Bldg. 9204-1 MS-15 U.S.A. Oak Ridge, TN 37831-8072 U.S.A. Mr. Lev Mukhin Embassy ofthe Russian Federation Dr. L. John Perkins Scientific Attache L-644 1125 16th Street, NW Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Washington, DC 20036 P.O. Box 5511 U.S.A. Livermore, CA 94550 U.S.A. S88 Participants

Dr. Hans Persson Dr. Charles W. Roberson Dept. of Fusion Plasma Physics Physics Department Alfven Laboratory Code 412 Royal Institute of Technology Office of Naval Research S-IOO 44 Stockolm 800 N. Quincy Street SWEDEN Arlington, VA 22217 U.S.A. Dr. James A. Phillips P-4 MS E554 Dr. Benjamin Robouch Los Alamos National Laboratory ENEAlEURATOM Los Alamos, NM 87545 Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati U.S.A. Via Enrico Fermi, 27 1-00044 Frascati (Roma) Dr. Richard F. Post ITALY Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808, L-640 Dr. Livermore, CA 94550 Department of Physics U.S.A. University of California Irvine, CA 92697-4575 Dr. Jorge Pouzo U.S.A. Head Of Plasma Group Instituto De Fisica Arroyo Seco (IF AS) Dr. J. Reece Roth UNC, Pinto 399 Department of Electrical and 7000 Tandil Computer Engineering ARGENTINA The University of Tennessee 316 Ferris Hall Dr. Ravi Prakash Knoxville, TN 37996-2100 Embassy of India U.S.A. Scientific Attache 2536 Massachussetts Ave., NW Dr. Robin Roy Washington, DC 20008 Project Director U.S.A. Office of Technology Assessment Congress of the United States Dr. Hafiz-Ur Rahman Washington, DC 20510-8025 Institute of Geophysics and U.S.A. Planetary Physics University of California Dr. Nikos A. Salingaros Riverside, CA 92521-0412 Division of Mathematics. U.S.A. Computer Science and Statistics The University of Texas Dr. P. Ravetto 6900 North Loop 1604 West Politecnio di Torino San Antonio, TX 78249-0664 Dipartimento di Energetica U.S.A. Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24 10129 Torino ITALY Participants 589

Dr. H. Schneider-Muntau Dr. D. P. Singh National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Florida State University National Research Council 1800 E. Paul Dirac Drive 56127 Pisa Tallahassee, FL 32306-4005 ITALY U.S.A. Dr. Elio Sindoni Dr. David Woodward Scudder Istituto di Fisica P-I E-526 Via Celoria, 16 Los Alamos National Laboratory 1-20133 Milano Los Alamos, NM 87545 ITALY U.S.A. Mr. Carlos D. Souto Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg Embassy of Portugal Bldg. 70/ARm. 3307 Scientific Attache Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory 2125 Kalorama Road, NW I Cyclotron Road Washington, DC 20008 Berkeley, CA 94720 U.S.A. U.S.A. Dr. John Slough Dr. Frederick Seitz Radmond Plasma Physics Laboratory The Rockeffeller University University of Washington 1230 York Ave. 14700 NE 95th St. New York, NY 10021-6399 Seattle, W A 98052 U.S.A. U.S.A.

Dr. Liu Shenggang Mr. Michael Stephens The University of Electronic Science Canadian Embassy and Technology of China Scientific Attache Chegdu, Sichuan Province, 610054 501 Pennsylvania Ave, NW PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Washington, DC 20001 U.S.A. Dr. J. Shlachter High Energy Density Physics Dr. Charles Striffler P-I, ES26 Department of Electrical Engineering Los Alamos National Laboratory University of Maryland Los Alamos, NM 87545 College Park, MD 20742 U.S.A. U.S.A.

Dr. Richard E. Siemon Dr. M. A. Sweeney MS H854 Sandia National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Mail Stop 1186 P.O. Box 1663 P.O. Box 5800 Los Alamos, NM 87545 Albuquerque, NM 87185- 1186 U.S.A. U.S.A. 590 Pardclpants

Hon. Dick Swett Dr. Guillermo Velarde Member, House of Representatives Institute of Nuclear Fusion Room 230 Polytechnic University of Madrid Cannon House Office Building Jose Gutierrez Abascal, 2 Washington, DC 20510-0230 E-28006 Madrid U.S.A. SPAIN

Dr. A. Tayyib Dr. Frank J. Wessel 2600 Virginia A venue, #800 Department of Physics Washington, DC 20037 University of California U.S.A. Irvine, CA 92697-4575 U.S.A. Dr. Edward Teller Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Dr. C. Yamanaka P.O. Box 808, L-O Institute of Laser Technology Livermore, CA 94551 2-6 Yamada-oka U.S.A. Suita, Osaka 565 JAPAN Dr. W. B. Thompson Department of Physics Dr. Bruce A. Zeitlin University of California at San Diego IGC Advanced Superconductors, Inc. LA Jolla, CA 92093 1875 Thomaston Avenue U.S.A. Waterbury, CT 06704 U.S.A. INDEX

Absorption, 249 Cluster beam direct drive (cont.) Accelerators, 279 ignition and bum, 532 induction accelerators, 279 target design, 530 ILSE,279 Cluster ion fragmentation, 500 SBTE,279 Colliding beams, 33 recirculation in, 280 Compact fusion reactor, 378 MBE-4,280 Compact machine, 125 Adiabatic compression, 485-487 Compact toroid, 179, 181 Adiabatic invariants, 155, 156 Compressed density, 268 Advanced confinement, 119 Compression Advanced plasma regimes, 132 magnetic, 500 Alpha particle confinement, 125 magnetic field. 544 Alpha particles, 214, 215, 221, 225 magnetic flux, 551 Alternate fusion concepts, 365, 370, 489--495 plasma, 544 AMBAL,160 Conduction losses, 211, 216, 217, 242 Aneutronic, 485, 486 Conductivity Angular momentum, 203 electrical, 544 Anomalous transport, 491 Cone angle, 188 Antiproton catalyzed fusion, 372 Confinement, 119, 122,442 Auxiliary heating, 126 Confinement, advanced, 119 Average beta, 121 Confinement of high temperature plasma, 375 Confinement time. 52 Ball lightning, 459, 475-479, 487 Conical-coaxial compression, 185 characteristics, 461, 571 Conical targets, 53 diameter, 461, 462 Controlled fusion,S; see also Fusion duration, 461 Convergence energy content, 461, 463 factor of, 544 energy density, 461 Coulomb barrier reduction, 371 Beam plasma-target fusion, 135-147; see also IEC Beam smoothing, 300 DEMG, 551, 552 Blow-by, 188 -, 2\3; see also DT Boron therapy (BNCT), 147 D}He, 121 , 38 D}He, 154, 162, 167 , 427 open-ended systems, 155 mirror machine, 155 Cannonball, 303 D_3He pilot plant, 142; see also IEC Cannonball target, 272 D}He pilot plant design, 142 Capital costs, 366 D}He reactor, 33, 149, 154, 164 CIB, 498, 499,509 Diamagnetic current, 121 Cluster-driven targets, 519 Diamagnetism, 203 hydrodynamic regime, 519 Dipole fusion, see also D}He reactor Cluster ion beam, 497 anomalous plasma trasport in, 149 Cluster ion beam direct drive concept, 149,569 compression phase, 531 reactor, 149

591 592 Index

Direct drive, 45, 264, 312,498, 530 Heating time, 51 Divergence jets, 477-479 Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion, 279 DPF, II, 12 accelerator-driver, 284 Drift pumping, 174 environmental aspects, 284 Driver, 259, 328 economics of, 283 DT,8,16,17, 125,126,211,409,4\0,413,490 Helical plasma, 477 HEMG, 552, 553, 554 Economics of fusion, 366 HEPP, 553 Economy of scale, 367 HEPS, 135 ECS, 508, 511, 512, 515, 516, 517 High beta, 34 EFST, 421, 427, 440, 441, 446, 447, 452, 453, 455, High explosive power, 550 456 High gain target, 309 Electric field bumpy torus, 421, 427 High magnetic field, 125 Electrode plasma, 182, 190 High voltage. 197 Electromagnetic trap, 197 Hohlraum, 295, 362, 542, 566 Electrostatic plugging, 197 Homogeneous targets, 59 End losses, 163 Hot rocket model, 520. 523 Energy confinement time, 153, 238, 239, 240, 243 Hybrid magnetic, 143-145 Energy transport, 252 Hydrodynamic instabilities, 40 Engineering test facility, 541 HYLIFE-I1, 542 Enhanced correlated stopping, 508 ETF,541 ICF,8,245,247,295,320,497,499,563,564,567, Explosive pulsed power, 551 572,574 IEC, Inertial Electrostatic Confinement, 135-147, Fermi-degenerated, 308 570 Field, magnetic, 551 concepts for, 136 embedded magnetic, 544 grids for, 139-140 Field reversed, 33 history of, 135 Field reversed confinement, 121 hybrid magnetic, 143-145 Field reversed configurations, 121,370,371,387,568; modes of operation, 138 see also FRC halo, 138 Fireball, 78, 80, 82 STAR, 138 Fireball expansion, 77 from, 138-139 Fission, 489 simulation of, 140 Fluctuation-induced transport, 452 scale-up, 140-143, 145-146 Fossil fuels, 490 scaling laws, 142 FRC, 161,370,371,387,568 Penning trap, 145 stability, 122, 381 , 144 Fuel IFE, 541, 542 thermonuclear, 544 Ignition, 119,211,253,257,295,312,321,323,532, Fusion, 153, 489 544,556 Fusion, controlled thermonuclear, 5, 375, 376 Ignition, National Ignition Facility, 9; see also NIF burn-up fraction, 558 Ignition physics, 125 Fusion breakeven conditions, 211, 215, 216, 220 IGNITOR, 125,565,574 Fusion energy, 279, 459 Implosion, 48, 295 Fusion fuel, 39 computer simulation, 507 Fusion products, 40 Coulomb explosion, 502 Fusion reactor, 378,470, 558 liner, 551 velocity, 544, 546 Gamma 10 experiment, 160 x-ray driven, 295 GEKKO XII, 297, 299, 316, 567 Implosion and Ignition, 253 Gas dynamics trap, 174 Impurities, 381 axi-symmetric magnetic field, 175 Inflight Coulomb stability, 502 MHD stabilization, 175 Indirect drive, 46,269, 303, 537 Grids for, 139-140 Inductance of the circuit, 551 Halo, 138 Inductance growth, 185 Hammer model, 525 Inductively stored energy, 551 Heating, 446 Inertial-electrostatic plasma confinement, 197 Index 593

Inertial confinement fusion, 8, 88, 89, 245, 279, 320, (cont.) 371,497; see also ICF critical issues, 329 Inertial fusion energy, 43,541; see also ICF driver requirement, 328 Instability, 257 OT alpha energy deposition, 547 Instability growth, 179, 194 Lindl-Widner diagram, 323, 324 Instabilities of Z-, 375 MTF target, 320 Insulator, 555 Phi-target experiment, 325, 327, 549, 572 loffe bars, 157 parameter space, 546 Ion fragments stopping requirement for fusion ignition, 321, 323 in cold matter, 508 Mantle, 466, 475-480 in dense plasma, 513 MAGO experiment, 549, 550, 552, 555 Ionization energy, 76 MCF, 563, 564, 573 Irradiation uniformity, 298 Measurements ITER,207, 246,475, 490, 493, 563, 565, 573, 575, currents, 555 576 field,555 filtered x-rays, 555 Kernel, 475, 477 neutron, 555 Knockons, 483 time-of-flight, 555 Koloc model, 464, 466, 467 Megajoule, 181, 185, 187, 188, 190 MHO, 175,181, 188, 189, 190,192 Laser plasma interaction, 249 MHO Lawson criteria, 211, 212, 232, 233, 237, 242, 320 plasma instabilities, 149,158 LHART,308 stability, 125, 176,388,574 Lightning, 460 , 145; see also IEC Linear collider, 164, 165, 166 Minimum particle density, 243 Liner implosion, 551 Mirror ratio, 156 Loss Mixing, 307 energy, 544 Modes of operation, 138 radiative, 544 MTF, 179, 191, 192,571 Loss-cone angle, 175 Multifragmentation, 500 Low frequency fluctuations, 380, 381 Muon catalysis, 372 Low-Q fusion systems, 154 Muon catalyzed fusion, 389, 401, 564, 573, 575 direct converters, 162 cold fusion, 389 linear collider, 164 cycling rate, 390, 401 O-Helium3 fusion, 164 density effect, 391, 392 velocity-modulated beams, 170 expected fusion yield, 397 , 40 I Macrotor, 425 hyperfine structure, 403 Magnetic confinement, 7; see also MCF in mixtures of hydrogen isotopes, 401 open ended, 153 isotopes, 40 I adiabatic invariants, 155 measurement of alpha-muon sticking, 394 magnetic moment, 156 muon,401 magnetic wells, 158 muonic atom, 402 multiple mirror, 159 muon-capture losses, 392 tandem mirror, 159 sticking coefficient, 394, 396, 403 Magnetic cusp, 197 sticking in high C targets, 396 Magnetic-electrostatic confinement, 569 temperature effects, 398 Magnetic field errors, 380, 381 transition rate, 408 Magnetized plasma ring, 179, 181 trition, 403 Magnetized plasmas, 179, 191 under barrier, 402 Magneto-electric confinement, 421, 570 Il-molecular, 401 Magnetoplasmoid,477 Il-atomic, 401 Magnetic confinement fusion, 370 ll-meson,8 Magnetic shielding, 197 Magnetized plasmas, 179, 191 National Ignition Facility, 541, 563; see also NIF Magnetized target fusion, Neutron, 213 with MTF, 329 Neutron, 147; see also IEC applications, 330 Neutron emission, 68 concept, 319, 543, 544 Neutron generation, 74 594 Index

Neutron source, 7, 69 Ring cusps. 197 Neutron source, 135-147; see also lEe Rocket model. 256 Neutron yield, 81, 83, 85. 87, 10 Rotating magnetic field, 123 Neutrons from, 138-140 Rotational kink. 37 NIF, 9, 541, 573 Non-adiabatic ions. 33 Sand boxes, 493 Non-Maxwelliam plasma. 135-147; see also lEe Scale up, 140-143, 145-146 Non-neutral plasma. 135-147; see also lEe Scaling law NOV A laser. 295. 566 spherical pinch, 142 ZT-40M, 380, 381 Ohmic heating, 125 Self-colliding beams. 33 Open-ended magnetic confinement. 153. 568 Shape enhanced fusion, 372 Open magnetic confinement, 197 , 181 Optical spectroscopy, 182. 184 Shock implosion. 84 Shock wave, converging, 78 Particle and energy confinement. 125 Shock wave. explosion, 74, 76 pllB (protium boron). 485 Shock waves, 74 Penning trap. 145 simulations of, 140 PFX experiment. 570 Soft X-ray, microlithography, 69 Piezoelectric probe, 192. 193 Solid liner. 179, 180 Piston field, 188 S-parameter, 122 Plasma flow switches, 194 Spark ignition, 48 Plasma focus, II, 12. 570; see also DPF Spherator, 149 application and near term payoff, II Spherical liner, 190-194 breakeven. II. 16 Spherical pinch, 67 fusion energy, 29 analytical study. 73 neutron source. 25 imploding shock waves, 112,571 plasma parameters. 20 inductive, 69 pulse-power. 20 industrial applications, 106 safe fission reactor, 29 neutron yield, 82 Plasma mantle: see Mantle numerical study, 88 Plasmak. 475. 476, 477. 478. 483. 485, 486, 487 radiation source, 106 PMK.477. 479,482,483. 486. 487 resistive, 69 Pollution. 490 scaling laws, 69. 71, 73. 83, 85, 88 Poloidal flux, 122 X-ray generator, 109 Polywell. 144 , 371, 475, 485 Positron, 147; see also lEe Staged Z-pinch, 333 Positron emission tomography (PET). 147 as super radiant X-ray source. 347. 571 P.P.R.I., 494 driving hohlraum leF target, 362 Propulsion design, 145-146 field reversal. 358 Propulsion, space. 145; see also lEe hardware requirement. 360 Pulsed power. 194.543,549.551 implosion dynamics, 352 inertial confinement with, 333. 347. 358, 571 inner shell vacancy generation, 350 Radiation energy, 76 magnetic flux, 333, 358 Radiation transport. 253 modelling, 336 Radioactivity. 5. 6, 7 radiation. 333, 358 Radiography. 190 stability, 333, 342, 358 Ramsauer gas. 468 Stagnation. 3207 Reactor conditions, 211, 212 STAR. 138 Reactor plant equipment, 366 , 370 Reconnection. 181 Reversed-field mirror, 153, 161 Tandem mirror, 159, 161 Reversed-Field Pinch. see also RFP Target behavior of, 380, 381 magnetized, 543 future recommendations for, 381. 382 Phi-.549 history of, 376, 378, 379 Target design, 53, 530, 566 reactor potential, 378, 569 Target physics, 43, 566 RFP. 375,376,378,380. 381 Therapy, Boron, 147; see also lEe Rigid rotor, 34 Thermal conductivity, 217, 218, 219 Index 595

Thermal transport coefficients, 131 Volume ignition, 49 Thermonuclear fusion, 125 Tilt mode, 36 Woltjier-Taylor equilibrium, 181 TMX, 160 Working fluid, 179, 190, 191, 192 ,7,119,489,563,565 Tokamak biasing, 425 Z-Pinch Tokamak plasma, 425 dense Z-pinch, 385, 571 Transport coefficients, 131 fibre pinch, 386 history of, 375, 376 2XIIB, 159,568 instabilities, 375, 385 simple, 375 Uncertainties in fusion development, 371 unstable, 375 U.S. Congress, 493 ZT-40M behaviour of, 380 VNIIEF, 543, 550, 551, 552, 557 scaling of, 380