Energy Devices and Processes Generally Suppressed
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The Fork in the Road to Electric Power from Fusion US Navy Compact
The Fork in the Road to Electric Power From Fusion US Navy compact fusion reactors Peter Lobner, 1 February 2021 1. Background For at least the past 40 years, the US Navy has been funding fusion power research and development in considerable secrecy. In this article, we’ll take a brief look at the following US Navy fusion programs, focusing on the two most recent programs. • LINUS - pulsed stabilized liquid liner compressor (SLC) • Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR, aka cold fusion) • Polywell fusion - inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) • NIKE & Electra krypton fluoride direct-drive laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) • Plasma compression fusion device (2019) • Argon fluoride direct-drive laser ICF (2020) 2. LINUS - pulsed stabilized liquid liner compressor (SLC) In the 1970s, this Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)-sponsored project developed and tested several pulsed stabilized liquid liner compressor (SLC) machines: LINUS-0, SUZY-II and HELIUS. A plasma is injected into a void space in a flowing molten lead-lithium liner. The liquid liner is then imploded mechanically, using high- pressure helium-driven pistons. The imploding liner compresses and adiabatically heats the plasma to fusion conditions. While the SLC concept was abandoned by the US Navy in the 1970s, it was revived in the 2000s as the basis for the small fusion reactor designs being developed by Compact Fusion Systems (US) and General Fusion (Canada). 3. Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR, aka cold fusion) From the mid 1990s to at least the mid-2000s the US Navy sponsored research into cold fusion. You’ll find a list of cold fusion papers by Navy researchers from NRL, China Lake Naval Weapons 1 The Fork in the Road to Electric Power From Fusion Laboratory, and Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWAR) here: https://lenr-canr.org/wordpress/?page_id=952 4. -
Njit-Etd2010-076
Copyright Warning & Restrictions The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be “used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research.” If a, user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of “fair use” that user may be liable for copyright infringement, This institution reserves the right to refuse to accept a copying order if, in its judgment, fulfillment of the order would involve violation of copyright law. Please Note: The author retains the copyright while the New Jersey Institute of Technology reserves the right to distribute this thesis or dissertation Printing note: If you do not wish to print this page, then select “Pages from: first page # to: last page #” on the print dialog screen The Van Houten library has removed some of the personal information and all signatures from the approval page and biographical sketches of theses and dissertations in order to protect the identity of NJIT graduates and faculty. ABSTRACT AUTOMATION OF ANATOMIC TORSION MONITOR FOR EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF LOW BACK DYSFUNCTION by Vishal Kumar Singh The existing Anatomical Torsion Monitor (ATM) to evaluate mechanical stiffness and viscoelasticity of the low back suffers from various inherent defects. This has to be replaced by an improved device. Also the existing ATM cannot provide oscillations to the low back. -
Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusor Cody Boyd Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Capstone Design Expo Posters College of Engineering 2015 Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusor Cody Boyd Virginia Commonwealth University Brian Hortelano Virginia Commonwealth University Yonathan Kassaye Virginia Commonwealth University See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/capstone Part of the Engineering Commons © The Author(s) Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/capstone/40 This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Engineering at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Capstone Design Expo Posters by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Cody Boyd, Brian Hortelano, Yonathan Kassaye, Dimitris Killinger, Adam Stanfield, Jordan Stark, Thomas Veilleux, and Nick Reuter This poster is available at VCU Scholars Compass: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/capstone/40 Team Members: Cody Boyd, Brian Hortelano, Yonathan Kassaye, Dimitris Killinger, Adam Stanfield, Jordan Stark, Thomas Veilleux Inertial Electrostatic Faculty Advisor: Dr. Sama Bilbao Y Leon, Mr. James G. Miller Sponsor: Confinement Fusor Dominion Virginia Power What is Fusion? Shielding Computational Modeling Because the D-D fusion reaction One of the potential uses of the fusor will be to results in the production of neutrons irradiate materials and see how they behave after and X-rays, shielding is necessary to certain levels of both fast and thermal neutron protect users from the radiation exposure. To reduce the amount of time and produced by the fusor. A Monte Carlo resources spent testing, a computational model n-Particle (MCNP) model was using XOOPIC, a particle interaction software, developed to calculate the necessary was developed to model the fusor. -
Simulation of a Device Providing Nuclear Fusion by Electrostatic Confinement, with Multiplasma
1 Simulation of a device providing nuclear fusion by electrostatic confinement, with Multiplasma Copyright © 2018 Patrick Lindecker Maisons-Alfort (France) 22th of July 2018 Revision B Revision B: replacement of the term « efficiency » by « yield » to avoid an ambiguity and the aneutronic fusion H+ <-> B11+ taken into account. 1. Goal To design your own electrostatic confinement nuclear fusion reactor. It is addressed to people interested by nuclear fusion, having a good general culture in physics (and who are patient because simulations can be long). It is set aside the fact that your project is physically achievable or not. 2. Warning This design will be just for the « fun » or from curiosity, because even if the calculations done by Multiplasma are as serious as possible, in the limit of the knowledge of the author (who is not a nuclear physicist but a generalist engineer), of course, nobody is going to build your nuclear reactor… Otherwise, none checking has been made by another person and the program development does not follow any quality assurance process (so there are probably a lot of errors). It is just a personal program made available to those interested by this subject. 3. Brief explanations of a few of the terms used: Deuterium (D or D2) / Tritium (T or T2): these are hydrogen isotopes comprising, besides one proton, either one neutron (Deuterium) or 2 neutrons (Tritium). As other elements, they are susceptible to produce fusions by collisions. The Deuterium is relatively abundant, in sea water, for example. It constitutes 0.01 % of hydrogen. The tritium is naturally present at traces 2 amounts but it is produced (as a gaseous effluent) by fission nuclear centrals, in very small quantities. -
Thermonuclear AB-Reactors for Aerospace
1 Article Micro Thermonuclear Reactor after Ct 9 18 06 AIAA-2006-8104 Micro -Thermonuclear AB-Reactors for Aerospace* Alexander Bolonkin C&R, 1310 Avenue R, #F-6, Brooklyn, NY 11229, USA T/F 718-339-4563, [email protected], [email protected], http://Bolonkin.narod.ru Abstract About fifty years ago, scientists conducted R&D of a thermonuclear reactor that promises a true revolution in the energy industry and, especially, in aerospace. Using such a reactor, aircraft could undertake flights of very long distance and for extended periods and that, of course, decreases a significant cost of aerial transportation, allowing the saving of ever-more expensive imported oil-based fuels. (As of mid-2006, the USA’s DoD has a program to make aircraft fuel from domestic natural gas sources.) The temperature and pressure required for any particular fuel to fuse is known as the Lawson criterion L. Lawson criterion relates to plasma production temperature, plasma density and time. The thermonuclear reaction is realised when L > 1014. There are two main methods of nuclear fusion: inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and magnetic confinement fusion (MCF). Existing thermonuclear reactors are very complex, expensive, large, and heavy. They cannot achieve the Lawson criterion. The author offers several innovations that he first suggested publicly early in 1983 for the AB multi- reflex engine, space propulsion, getting energy from plasma, etc. (see: A. Bolonkin, Non-Rocket Space Launch and Flight, Elsevier, London, 2006, Chapters 12, 3A). It is the micro-thermonuclear AB- Reactors. That is new micro-thermonuclear reactor with very small fuel pellet that uses plasma confinement generated by multi-reflection of laser beam or its own magnetic field. -
Experiments on DD Fusion Using Inertial Electrostatic Confinement
Acta Physica Universitatis Comenianae Volume LIII (2016) 7181 Experiments on D-D Fusion Using Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Device in the Laboratory Exercises on Plasma Physics at the Comenius University* Michal Stano, Michal Raèko Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina F2, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovak republic [email protected] Abstract: Experiments using a small scale nuclear fusion reactor, known as fusor or Inertial Electro- static Confinement (IEC) device, are presented. Fusion of deuterium is achieved by acceleration for deuterium nuclei in a high voltage low pressure electrical discharge. Rate of fusion reaction is studied for discharge voltage of up to 32 kV and discharge power of 80 W by detection of the generated neutrons. Detection rates of up to 1.9 s1 are achieved using a moderated 6LiI(Eu) scintillation detector. Maximum total neutron flux generated by the device is estimated to 23200 neutrons per second, corresponding to 2.7´108 W of power released by the fusion reactions. Experiments at reduced discharge voltage of 20 kV are included in laboratory excercises on plasma physics held at the Comenius University. 1. Introduction Controlled nuclear fusion has been a field of intense research for more than last 50 years. The motivation for this research is to create a clean and inexhaustible source of energy powered by fusion of heavy hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium. Although deute- rium is relatively abundant element on Earth, representing 0.0156 % of all hydrogen at- oms, no current technology can exploit its potential [1]. In order to create conditions for nuclear fusion, the nuclei must overcome the electric repulsion and approach each other close enough to come within the range of the nuclear force. -
To Optimize the Design of a Magnetic Motor Chandana M1, Charan N2, Dikshith Gowda R3, Kiran R4, M
ISSN (Online) 2581-9429 IJAR ST International Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (IJARST) Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2020 To Optimize the Design of a Magnetic Motor Chandana M1, Charan N2, Dikshith Gowda R3, Kiran R4, M. J. Chandrashekar5 UG Students, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering1,2,3,4 Associate Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering5 SJB Institute of Technology, Bangalore, Karnataka [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] and [email protected] Abstract: The main objective of this work is to study the free energy permanent magnet motor, where the natural repulsion or attraction characteristics of magnet poles creates a perpetual motion which can be harnessed by the magnet motor. The essential idea of this work has started by taking advantages of permanent magnet properties in these machines when replacing electric coils by permanent magnets, to build a free energy magnetic motor. The design of rotor drum plays a vital role in these magnetic motor where the magnetic field and repelling force is when the magnets is separated by a definite distance is considered. The simulation is done using a matlab software where the electrical parameters are simulated using the magnet properties and electrical equations. The materials were selected according to the characteristics and influencing factor such as temperature, weight and stored energy. The permanent magnets have invisible and continuous power where it can attract the iron or other specific kind of metal with the energy flow which allows the permanent magnet to defy the gravity for years. Therefore, it is believed that the free energy can be extracted from the permanents magnets by arranging the magnets in special configuration. -
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering ISSN : 2278 - 3075 Website: www.ijitee.org Volume-8 Issue-9S3, JULY 2019 Published by: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication xploring En E gi d ne an e r y in g g lo o n h c e T IjItEe e I n v i t t e E a X r v P N n o L O a O I n T t R A i o I V n N O I G N n IN f a o l l J a o r n u www.ijitee.org Exploring Innovation Editor-In-Chief Chair Dr. Shiv Kumar Ph.D. (CSE), M.Tech. (IT, Honors), B.Tech. (IT), Senior Member of IEEE Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology Excellence (LNCTE), Bhopal (M.P.), India Associated Editor-In-Chief Chair Dr. Dinesh Varshney Professor, School of Physics, Devi Ahilya University, Indore (M.P.), India Associated Editor-In-Chief Members Dr. Hai Shanker Hota Ph.D. (CSE), MCA, MSc (Mathematics) Professor & Head, Department of CS, Bilaspur University, Bilaspur (C.G.), India Dr. Gamal Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohamed Said Ph.D(CSE), MS(CSE), BSc(EE) Department of Computer and Information Technology , Port Training Institute, Arab Academy for Science ,Technology and Maritime Transport, Egypt Dr. Mayank Singh PDF (Purs), Ph.D(CSE), ME(Software Engineering), BE(CSE), SMACM, MIEEE, LMCSI, SMIACSIT Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Howard College, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa. Scientific Editors Prof. -
10 SABA, Sicut Dicit Glosa Isaie Xiiii B
666 SABA - SABATH Siccaque, fertur in hiis gradus illi tertius esse. Utilis est sepe stomacho, si sepe bibatur 10 Expellit partum potu veneremque coercet, Tussim si bibitur compescit, menstrua purgat. Si coquis hanc in aqua, cui vinum iunxeris acre, Compescit talis decoctio tormina ventris, Pulmones iuvat et pectus, morboque medetur Costarum, quem pleuresim vocat Attica lingua; 275 Lumbricos oleo decocta et pota repellit. 282 Cruda comesta recens oculos caligine curat. 285 Naribus expressus si succus funditur eius 292 Sistet manantem bene desiccando cruorem. 293 20 Obstat pota nimis vel cruda comesta venenis, etc. 3°4 s SABA, sicut dicit glosa Isaie xiiii b (3), «civitas est in Anibus Ethiopie sita x. Secundum Papiam Saba est Arabie regio in qua nunc Sabei habitant, dicta a Alio Chus, qui nuncupatus est Saba. Alii dicunt quod Saba est Auvius a qua tota regio 5 nuncupatur. SABAOTH unum est de decem nominibus quibus deus nomi natur apud Hebreos, que ponuntur supra ubi exponitur alleluia. Et interpretatur Sabaoth exercituum sive virtutum. Unde in Psalmo (23,10), «Dominus virtutum ipse est rex 5 gloriex. SABATH dicitur Februarius, non Ianuarius, ut scribitur in 8 illi om. D 12 aquam ABD 14 pulmonem B 15 attrita AC; marg. ai? A7777c ueTwm aiM. C: grecismus atticus eolicus doricus ionicusque boetus / grecorum vere tibi sunt idiomata quinque (vm, 1-2) 16 et pota] potata B 17 recens] cecos B 20 pota] cocta B; etc om. B SABA 1 isaie xiiii b 0777. B ; xliiii b C ; in Anibus] insibus C 2 arabia A C D 3 sabei populus quidam B; dicta autem a D 4 Auvius] Aumims B SABAOTH 1 decem 0777. -
Fusion – a Viable Energy Source – Questionable? 1.1 Plasma Physics and Associated Fusion Research
Dr. David R. Thayer Talk given at the: Sigma Pi Sigma Induction Ceremony UW Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, 4/28/14 Fusion – A Viable Energy Source – Questionable? 1.1 Plasma Physics and Associated Fusion Research Began Around 1950 (in Russia) To Produce energy from Thermonuclear Fusion (Which Powers Stars). The Key Nuclear Reaction at the heart of fusion physics as the Fusion Of Deuterium (D) and Tritium (T) Ions, D+T 4 He 3.5MeV +n 14.1MeV , D-T - Liberates 17.6MeV Of Energy in Alpha Particle (Helium Nucleus, 4 He) and High Energy Neutron (n). D T n 1 1.2 Typical Conditions which produce fusion reaction Incorporate Plasma (High Temperature Gas of Electrons & Ions) Nuclear Ingredients at conditions: Density of n 1020 m 3, Temperature of T 10keV Objective: Overcome D-T Electrostatic Repulsion: D T Ignition (fusion sustained) Metric-Lawson Criteria: Density (ne )*Energy Confinement Time ( E ) = ne E Lawson Criteria 20 3 nme 10 E 1s 20 3 ne E 10 m s For D-T Fusion Te 10 keV or Approx. 100M degree C 2 1.3 Fusion Reactions Occur Naturally In Stars, due to tremendous Gravitation Forces, Fg m , which Radially Confine Plasma - Allow Sustained Fusion. However, Laboratory Fusion Plasmas must utilize Electromagnetic Forces, Fq E v B, typically Achieved Using: 1) Toroidal Magnetic Field Devices – Tokamak – Large Confining B Fields; or 2) Inertial Confinement Fusion – ICF – Devices numerous large Lasers Provide Implosion Pressure. 1) ITER – International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor 2) NIF – National Ignition Facility Lasers Hohlraum Contains -
Yol 2 7 Ns 1 0 Barc/1995/P/005 O O 5 Government of India 6 Atomic Energy Commission
TRN-IN9600313 S BARC/i995)!>/005 CO I> NUCLEAR PHYSICS DIVISION BIENNIAL REPORT 1993-1994 Edited by K. Kumar and S. K. Kataria 1995 YOL 2 7 NS 1 0 BARC/1995/P/005 O O 5 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 6 ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION U 0! NUCLEAR PHYSICS DIVISION BIENNIAL REPORT 1993-1994 Edited by: K. Kumar and S.K. Kataria Nuclear Physics Division BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE BOMBAY, INDIA 1995 BARC/1993/P/003 BIBLIOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION SHEET FOR TECHNICAL REPORT (as p»r IS t 9400 - 1980) 01 Security classification t Unclassified 02 Distribution : External 03 Report status t New 04 Series 3 BARC External 03 Report type : Progress Report 06 Report No. : BARC/1995/P/005 07 Part No. or Volume No. t 08 Contract No. s 10 Title and subtitle i Nuclear Physics Division biennial report 1993-1994 11 Collation t 93 p., figs., tabs. 13 Project No. : 2O Personal author (s) i K. Kumar; S.K. Kataria (eds.) 21 Affiliation of author (s) i Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 22 Corporate author(s) i Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay-400 083 23 Originating unit s Nuclear Physics Division, BARC, Bombay 24 Sponsor(s) Name i Department of Atomic Energy Type i Government 30 Date of submission s August 1993 31 Publication/Issue date September 1995 ccntd...(ii> (ii) 40 Publisher/Distributor i Head, Library and Information Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 42 Form of distribution i Hard Copy 90 Language of text i English 91 Language of summary i English 92 No. -
IEC Fusor Mobile Shielding Unit Dominic Balducci Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Capstone Design Expo Posters College of Engineering 2017 IEC Fusor Mobile Shielding Unit Dominic Balducci Virginia Commonwealth University John Lawson Virginia Commonwealth University Bryce McDaniels Virginia Commonwealth University Robert Rodi Virginia Commonwealth University William Simmons Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/capstone Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons, and the Nuclear Engineering Commons © The Author(s) Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/capstone/185 This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Engineering at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Capstone Design Expo Posters by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IEC Fusor Mobile Shielding Unit MNE505 | Team members: Dominic Balducci, John Lawson, Bryce McDaniels, Robert Rodi, William Simmons | Faculty advisers: Sama Bilbao Y Leon, James Miller | What is Fusion? Project Objectives Shielding Design Cart Design Nuclear fusion occurs when two lighter nuclei In order to reduce the radiation exposure for A cart was acquired for easy transportation of all fusor combine to form a new atomic nucleus. Upon this ● Adjust current IEC fusor design into a more compact operators of the fusor, a radiation shielding unit was components. This allows for the fusor to be operated in collision many bi-products may be created such and mobile form to allow for use by various faculty constructed. This shielding unit is composed of different labs, without complete disassembly for as neutrons, gamma rays, and X-Rays. This members and researchers as a neutron source for concentric layers of high density polyethylene transportation.