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Tatz MIC Castan Essay Dec 2011
Indigenous Human Rights and History: occasional papers Series Editors: Lynette Russell, Melissa Castan The editors welcome written submissions writing on issues of Indigenous human rights and history. Please send enquiries including an abstract to arts- [email protected]. ISBN 978-0-9872391-0-5 Genocide in Australia: By Accident or Design? Colin Tatz © Indigenous Human Rights and History Vol 1(1). The essays in this series are fully refereed. Editorial committee: John Bradley, Melissa Castan, Stephen Gray, Zane Ma Rhea and Lynette Russell. Genocide in Australia: By Accident or Design? Colin Tatz © Colin Tatz 1 CONTENTS Editor’s Acknowledgements …… 3 Editor’s introduction …… 4 The Context …… 11 Australia and the Genocide Convention …… 12 Perceptions of the Victims …… 18 Killing Members of the Group …… 22 Protection by Segregation …… 29 Forcible Child Removals — the Stolen Generations …… 36 The Politics of Amnesia — Denialism …… 44 The Politics of Apology — Admissions, Regrets and Law Suits …… 53 Eyewitness Accounts — the Killings …… 58 Eyewitness Accounts — the Child Removals …… 68 Moving On, Moving From …… 76 References …… 84 Appendix — Some Known Massacre Sites and Dates …… 100 2 Acknowledgements The Editors would like to thank Dr Stephen Gray, Associate Professor John Bradley and Dr Zane Ma Rhea for their feedback on earlier versions of this essay. Myles Russell-Cook created the design layout and desk-top publishing. Financial assistance was generously provided by the Castan Centre for Human Rights Law and the School of Journalism, Australian and Indigenous Studies. 3 Editor’s introduction This essay is the first in a new series of scholarly discussion papers published jointly by the Monash Indigenous Centre and the Castan Centre for Human Rights Law. -
The Making of White Australia
The making of White Australia: Ruling class agendas, 1876-1888 Philip Gavin Griffiths A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University December 2006 I declare that the material contained in this thesis is entirely my own work, except where due and accurate acknowledgement of another source has been made. Philip Gavin Griffiths Page v Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations xiii Abstract xv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 A review of the literature 4 A ruling class policy? 27 Methodology 35 Summary of thesis argument 41 Organisation of the thesis 47 A note on words and comparisons 50 Chapter 2 Class analysis and colonial Australia 53 Marxism and class analysis 54 An Australian ruling class? 61 Challenges to Marxism 76 A Marxist theory of racism 87 Chapter 3 Chinese people as a strategic threat 97 Gold as a lever for colonisation 105 The Queensland anti-Chinese laws of 1876-77 110 The ‘dangers’ of a relatively unsettled colonial settler state 126 The Queensland ruling class galvanised behind restrictive legislation 131 Conclusion 135 Page vi Chapter 4 The spectre of slavery, or, who will do ‘our’ work in the tropics? 137 The political economy of anti-slavery 142 Indentured labour: The new slavery? 149 The controversy over Pacific Islander ‘slavery’ 152 A racially-divided working class: The real spectre of slavery 166 Chinese people as carriers of slavery 171 The ruling class dilemma: Who will do ‘our’ work in the tropics? 176 A divided continent? Parkes proposes to unite the south 183 Conclusion -
Our Cup Runneth Over | 431
1987 – Our cup runneth over | 431 1987 Our cup runneth over Life-stories from Fremantle go national Per Henningsgaard Fremantle was a busy place in the lead-up to 1987. Four years earlier, an Australian yachting syndicate skippered by John Bertrand, bankrolled by Perth businessman Alan Bond, and armed with a secret weapon – the controversial winged keel – had wrenched the America’s Cup away from the New York Yacht Club, where the trophy had, until then, resided for an unbroken 132-year stint. A nation that reserved most of its sporting attention for cricket and various football codes was momentarily enthralled by this historic win. The Prime Minster of the day was memorably recorded on television declaring an unofficial public holiday: “Any boss who sacks anyone for not turning up today is a bum,” Bob Hawke eloquently proclaimed. (Hawke had a personal appreciation for record-breaking feats: he boasted a world speed record in beer drinking as a university student). Quickly, sleepy Fremantle, a port town in Western Australia not far from Perth and better known for its well-heeled hippies and stevedores than yachting prowess, found itself at the centre of massive infrastructure projects funded by government and private sources. Following Fremantle’s lead, the State itself was rebranded. Vehicle registration plates no longer incongruously decreed it “The Wildflower State” and “The State of Excitement.” Instead, Western Australia was declared “Home of the America’s Cup.” It was a heady claim that could be made for a short time only; the Cup was lost in 1987 when “Stars and Stripes 87” trounced “Kookaburra III.” Fremantle’s status as the address of the America’s Cup was fleeting, and with it vanished the port town’s claim to have originated a story big enough to capture the nation’s imagination and alter the State’s image. -
North Shore Houses Project
NORTH SHORE HOUSES, State Library of New South Wales Generously supported by the Upper North Architects Network (SPUN), Australian Institute of Architects. Compiled by John Johnson Arranged alphabetically by architect. Augustus Aley Allen & Jack Architects (Russell Jack) Allen, Jack & Cottier (Russell Jack) Sydney Ancher Adrian Ashton Arthur Baldwinson Arthur Baldwinson (Baldwinson & Booth) John Brogan Hugh Buhrich Neville Gruzman Albert Hanson Edward Jeaffreson Jackson Richard Leplastrier Gerard McDonnell D.T. Morrow and Gordon Glen Murcutt Nixon & Adam (John Shedden Adam) Pettit, Sevitt & Partners Exhibition Houses Ross Brothers (Herbert Ernest Ross and Colin John Ross) Ernest A Scott (Green & Scott) Harry Seidler Harry and Penelope Seidler Douglas Snelling John Sulman War Service Homes Commission Leslie Wilkinson Wilson & Neave (William Hardy Wilson) Architect: Augustus Aley ‘Villa Maria’ (House for Augustus Aley), 1920 8 Yosefa Avenue, Warrawee Architect Augustus Aley (1883-1968) built 4 houses in Yosefa Avenue, Warrawee (Nos. 7, 8, 9, 11) two of which were constructed for himself. He and wife Beatrice (1885?-1978) moved into Villa Maria in 1920 and developed a fine garden. In 1929 they moved to a new house, Santos, at 11 Yosefa Ave. “Mr Aley, the architect, and incidentally the owner, has planned both house and garden with the utmost care, so that each should combine to make a delightful whole. The irregular shape and sloping nature of the ground presented many difficulties, but at the same time abounded with possibilities, of which he has taken full advantage. The most important thing, in a house of this sort, and indeed in any house, is aspect, and here it is just right. -
Dislocating the Frontier Essaying the Mystique of the Outback
Dislocating the frontier Essaying the mystique of the outback Dislocating the frontier Essaying the mystique of the outback Edited by Deborah Bird Rose and Richard Davis Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Web: http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Dislocating the frontier : essaying the mystique of the outback. Includes index ISBN 1 920942 36 X ISBN 1 920942 37 8 (online) 1. Frontier and pioneer life - Australia. 2. Australia - Historiography. 3. Australia - History - Philosophy. I. Rose, Deborah Bird. II. Davis, Richard, 1965- . 994.0072 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Indexed by Barry Howarth. Cover design by Brendon McKinley with a photograph by Jeff Carter, ‘Dismounted, Saxby Roundup’, http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn3108448, National Library of Australia. Reproduced by kind permission of the photographer. This edition © 2005 ANU E Press Table of Contents I. Preface, Introduction and Historical Overview ......................................... 1 Preface: Deborah Bird Rose and Richard Davis .................................... iii 1. Introduction: transforming the frontier in contemporary Australia: Richard Davis .................................................................................... 7 2. -
Farewell, Class of 2017
PYMBLE LADIES’ Farewell, COLLEGE DECEMBER 2017 Class of 2017 VOLUME 42 Contents Pymbulletin | Volume 42 Principal’s Message People and Culture Our greatest achievements .......................3 Experience a new world .............................37 A taste of life at Cambridge .......................38 News Girls get down with social media .............39 Building the future .......................................4 Words from the heart ..................................40 Farewell, Class of 2017 ...............................5 Welcome to Pymble ....................................41 Outstanding 2017 HSC results ..................8 Staff news .......................................................41 Four top ATARS in Class of 2017 ...............9 Creating a culture of care ..........................41 Our top achievers.........................................10 2017 HSC results: an overview..................11 Sustainability Meet our new Student Leaders ................12 Our kids are teaching kids! ........................43 Service with a smile ....................................44 Personalised Learning Service learning in Tanzania ......................45 Front cover Stars in our eyes ...........................................15 Time for change ...........................................46 Following their Final Assembly and Discovering a love of literacy ....................16 Moving in the right direction.....................46 Chapel Service, our departing Year 12 students assembled on the steps of the Springing into Senior School -
Community Service in Action
VOLUME 34, NO. 1 / MAY 2010 www.pymblelc.nsw.edu.au Community service in action 4403050305 Pymbulletin_Ed1-10.inddPymbulletin_Ed1-10.indd 1 114/5/104/5/10 22:26:58:26:58 PMPM Contents Page Principal’s Pen ................................................................... 2 Introducing our new Deputy Principal and Head of Middle School ...................................................... 3 Principal’s Preparatory School ........................................................... 4-5 Junior School ..................................................................... 6-7 Indigenous Scholarship Program News .......................... 8 Pen 2009 HSC Results .............................................................. 9 Looking back ..................................................................... 10 Vicki L Waters Alison Hale retires ............................................................. 11 Welcome to the fi rst issue of the Pymbulletin for 2010, a celebration Academic Opportunities ................................................... 12-13 of the wonderful achievements and opportunities our students have - CICERO undertaken during the fi rst months of the school year. - Subject Spotlight: Aboriginal Studies 2010 promises to be a year of challenge for all students. Year 12 - Archaeology excursion Prefects have chosen the theme of ‘The X Factor’, aptly named for its - Yr 11 Biology excursion Roman numeral representation of our calendar year and to encourage - Students consider ‘Why God?’ all girls to give a little bit extra in -
Chapter Eleven Mabo and the Fabrication of Aboriginal History
Chapter Eleven Mabo and the Fabrication of Aboriginal History Keith Windschuttle Let me start by putting a case which, to The Samuel Griffith Society, might smack of heresy. There are two good arguments in favour of preserving the rights of the indigenous peoples who became subjects of the British Empire in the colonial era. The first is that, since 1066, British political culture has been committed to the “continuity theory” of constitutional law, in which the legal and political institutions of peoples who were vanquished, rendered vassals or subsumed by colonization were deemed to survive the process. Not even their conquest, John Locke wrote in his Second Treatise of Government, would have deprived them of their legal and political inheritance.1 So, after colonisation, indigenous peoples would have retained their laws and customs until they voluntarily surrendered them. The second argument is that the previous major decision in this field, by the Privy Council in 1889, was based on the assumption that, when New South Wales became a British colony in 1788, it was “a tract of territory practically unoccupied”. This is empirically untrue. At the time, there were probably about 300,000 people living on and subsisting off the Australian continent. Under any principle of natural justice, the Privy Council should have started by recognizing this. According to a forthcoming book on the history of Australian philosophy by James Franklin, provocatively entitled Corrupting the Youth, the Mabo decision derived primarily from the Catholic doctrine -
Drawing Inferences in the Proof of Native Title – Historiographic and Cultural Challenges and Recommendations for Judicial Guidance
DRAWING INFERENCES IN THE PROOF OF NATIVE TITLE – HISTORIOGRAPHIC AND CULTURAL CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JUDICIAL GUIDANCE SCOTT SINGLETON N2076357 BA, LLB (Qld), LLM (Hons) (QUT), Grad Dip Mil Law (Melb) Solicitor of the Supreme Court of Queensland Legal Practitioner of the High Court of Australia Submitted in fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science SUPERVISOR: PROFESSOR BILL DUNCAN ASSOCIATE ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR BILL DIXON SUPERVISOR: EXTERNAL PROFESSOR JONATHAN FULCHER (UQ) SUPERVISOR: Faculty of Law Queensland University of Technology 2018 KEYWORDS Evidence - expert witnesses - historiography - inferential reasoning - judicial guidance - law reform - native title - oral evidence - proof of custom 2 | P a g e ABSTRACT On 30 April 2015, the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) delivered its report Connection to Country: Review of the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) (ALRC Connection Report). The terms of reference for the inquiry leading up to the ALRC Connection Report included a request that the ALRC consider “what, if any, changes could be made to improve the operation of Commonwealth native title laws and legal frameworks,” including with particular regard to “connection requirements relating to the recognition and scope of native title rights and interests.” Amongst its recommendations, the ALRC Connection Report recommended guidance be included in the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) regarding when inferences may be drawn in the proof of native title, including from contemporary evidence. To date, this recommendation has not been taken up or progressed by the Commonwealth Government. This thesis therefore develops such “Inference Guidelines” for the purposes of the proof of connection requirements in native title claims, in the form of a “Bench Book.” This thesis identifies various motivations for ensuring comprehensive, consistent and transparent guidelines for drawing inferences from historically-based sources of evidence. -
THE FABRICATION of ABORIGINAL HISTORY Photo – David Karonidis Keith Windschuttle
20 THE FABRICATION OF ABORIGINAL HISTORY Photo – David Karonidis Keith Windschuttle For some years, controversy has surrounded the history of Australia’s earliest white settlement and the treatment of the Indigenous Australians. Historian Keith Windschuttle has now provoked new questioning in his latest book – The Fabri- cation of Aboriginal History (Macleay Press) where he has challenged much of the evidence previously used by historians in this field. Keith Windschuttle addressed The Sydney Institute on Tuesday 11 February 2003 THE SYDNEY PAPERS SUMMER 2003 21 THE FABRICATION OF ABORIGINAL HISTORY Keith Windschuttle Over the past 30 years, university-based historians of Aboriginal Australia have produced a broad consensus. They have created a picture of widespread killings of blacks on the frontiers of settlement that not only went unpunished but had covert government support. Some of the Australian colonies engaged in what the principal historian of race relations in Tasmania, Lyndall Ryan, has called “a conscious policy of genocide”. In Queensland, according to the University of Sydney historian, Dirk Moses: “… the use of government terror trans- formed local genocidal massacres by settlers into official state-wide policy”. The expatriate Australian Ben Kiernan, who is director of the genocide studies program at Yale University, writes that nineteenth century Australian colonists mounted numerous punitive expeditions against the Aborigines in which they committed “hundreds of massacres”. In Central Australia, Kiernan claims 40 per cent of the indigenous population was shot dead. In Queensland, the Aborigines “were hunted like wild beasts, having lived for years in a state of absolute terror of white predators”. For most of my adult life I was a true believer of this story. -
Keith Windschuttle
Keith Windschuttle Telephone 02 9331 4403 Fax 02 9331 7368 PO Box 433 Mobile 0419 219 314 Paddington NSW 2021 Email: [email protected] ABN 98 816 403 742 March 3 2003 Ruth Ashe National Museum of Australia Review secretariat Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts E-mail [email protected] Dear Ms Ashe, Submission to review of National Museum of Australia I would like to draw your attention to three articles of mine of relevance to your inquiry. In particular, I would like to draw attention to my arguments in the first two articles that the concept of social history, which the museum has taken as its standard, is an inadequate tool to fulfill the objective of depicting national history, which I believe it was the intention of the 1980 Act to require the museum to pursue. The articles are: “How Not to Run a Museum: People’s History at the Postmodern Museum”, Quadrant, September 2001 “Social History and Aboriginal Legends: A Reply to Gary Morgan”, Quadrant, April 2002 “Doctored evidence and invented incidents in Aboriginal historiography”, in Bain Attwood and S. G. Foster (eds.) Frontier Conflict: The Australian Experience, National Museum of Australia, Canberra, 2003 Let me make two additional points about the museum’s Contested Frontiers display. 1894-1897 Bunuba Uprising The museum’s exhibit of this historical incident claims: Jandamarra led fellow warriors in a guerilla war until he was killed in a running gun battle with police trackers in 1897. I would draw your attention to the newly published book Protect and Serve: A History of Policing in Western Australia, (Western Australia Police Service, 2002) by Peter Conole. -
Of a 'Contested Ground' and an 'Indelible Stain'
Of a ‘contested ground’ and an ‘indelible stain’: a difficult reconciliation between Australia and its Aboriginal history during the 1990s and 2000s Lorenzo Veracini This article proposes an interpretative narrative of the evolution of Aboriginal history as a scholarly enterprise during the 1990s and in more recent years.1 The 1990s were characterised by attempts to synthesise the interpretative traditions resulting from pre- vious decades of scholarly activity. In more recent years, the debate has shifted dramatically, dealing specifically with the genocidal nature of white Australia’s policy towards Aboriginal peoples. The most important passages in this process are associated with the 1992 Mabo decision by the Australian High Court and the publication of the Bringing them home report of 1997.2 During the 1990s, the relationship between particular political shifts and related historical writings in Australia was comprehensively transformed and became much more direct. The writing and interpretation of history have commonly been a site for direct political contestation, but in the 1990s political agendas became an informing fea- ture of historiographical debates more than in previous decades.3 One outstanding example of this tendency is John Howard’s successful domination of the political scene — an ascendancy based also on an explicit and unambiguous effort to ‘reconquer’ his- tory for the Liberal camp.4 In this context, an array of conservative opinions has challenged academic discourse. Nonetheless, both academic commentators and Aboriginal people successfully linked the ‘unsurrendered’ character of native title and, later, of Aboriginal sovereignty to both the resistential and the collaborative practices of 1. My review is selective.