10-Saeed Ahmed Soomro (D2018-E)
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Kalachi Research à s Kalachi Research à s Saeed Ahmed Soomro James Joyce and so on. No ma:er what form of wri#ng$ poetry or prose, formal or informal, whatever the approach of the writ- Intertextual Influence of the Quran er$ su jec#ve or o jec#ve whatever their purpose$ educa#ve or on the Poetry of Shah Abdul Laf Bhitai informa#ve or simply entertaining, their wor.s are directly or indirectly in6uenced y the wor.s of those writers who preceded Abstract: them or y the corpus of .nowledge and literature which was Intertextuality is all about texts influencing the creation and interpre- tation of other texts. The close study of the poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai, there in or efore their era. Sha.espeare2s history plays li.e Rich- the renowned Sindhi poet, reveals that it is influenced by a number of religious ard II and Henry IV are simply the drama#c reproduc#ons of and literary texts. Among the literary texts that have shaped the thought and great historical events and portrayal of poli#cal figures of Europe content of Latif’s poetry are Risalo of Shah Abdul Karim of Bulri and Masnavi par#cularly Britain and the adjacent countries. Some of his plays of Molana Jalaluddin Rumi and the religious text that has influenced his poet- are clearly in6uenced y some other literary wor.s as the plot of ry more than any other is that of the Holy Quran. The philosophy of the Quran his play Antony and Cleopatra is ased on Thomas North's trans- lends Shah jo Risalo, the collection of Latif’s poetry, a truly mystic light. His la#on of Plutarch's Lives . 7ilton2s Paradise Lost and Paradise Re- poetry, interspersed with a number of Quranic verses, touches the soul like a gained are largely ased on Bi lical themes as Kazi, I.I. (1996) divine script. points out that 7ilton2s Paradise Lost is the tale of the Old Testa- This research article is the intertextual analysis of particularly those ment retold in verse (p.213). O'Neill2s Mourning Becomes Electra of Shah Latif’s verses which directly quote expressions from the text of the Ho- is a retelling of Aeschylus' The Oresteia , and Ulysses y James ly Quran. Joyce is the rewri#ng of Aomer2s Odyssey . In contemporary fic- Keywords: intertextuality, divine, mystic, content -analysis, postmod- #on there is the example of 2002 7an Boo.er Prize winning nov- ern. el Life of Pi y Ban 7artel, the plot of which is in6uenced y 7oacyr Sicliar2s novel Max and the Cats (1981). There have een Introducon: countless literary wor.s in the history of literature with their It was the French poststructuralist Julia Kristeva (1986) texts showing clear traces of intertextual in6uence and a num er who gave the term intertextuality in her essay Word, Dialogue of researchers have closely studied those wor.s to open up new and Novel and she believes that a text is constructed of a mosaic ways towards their understanding. of quota#ons$ and that any text is the a sorp#on and the trans- The poetry of Shah A dul Ca#f Bhitai, the legendary poet forma#on of another text (p.37). Similarly, Barthes (1977) in his of Sindh, has een in6uenced y a num er of religious, social essay The Death of the Author explains that the text is a #ssue of and literary texts some of which stand out as most prominent. cita#ons resul#ng from the thousand sources of culture (p.,). 7ost of the researchers elieve that Shah jo Risalo par#cularly -hile Ba.h#n (2010) argues if the word 1text2 is understood in indicates the in6uence of three of such religious and literary text the road sense 3 as any coherent complex of signs 3 then even sources ut some of them indicate fourth one also, as Khamisani the study of art deals with texts. Thoughts indicate something (2012) explains that the Holy Quran , the Hadith , the Masnavi of a out other thoughts, experiences of experiences, words a out Maulana Jalaluddin Roomi along with the collec-on of Shah A.- words, and texts a out texts (p.103). dul Karim0 poem , were the constant companions of Ca#f, copi- No writer writes without the external in6uence of the ous references of which have een made in the Ri alo (p.18). She social and literary trends, and that goes for the great literary gi- has men#oned Aadith as the fourth source of intertextual in6u- ants li.e -illiam Sha.espeare, John 7ilton, Eugene O2Neil, and ence as there are clear traces of Aadith in Ca#f2s poetry. Other 29 30 Kalachi Research à s Kalachi Research à s researchers point out to only three major intertextual sources of ry in Shah A.dul La-f Bhitai ,i Shairee Mein I lami Qadr (Islamic influence as Sodhar, Shaikh and Jojo (2014) believe that Shah Lalues in the Poetry of Shah A dul Ca#f Bhitai), his doctoral dis- La#f always .ept three oo.s with him i.e. The Holy Quran , serta#on, later pu lished y Culture Department, Sindh in 2010. Ma navi of Rumi and Ri alo of Shah A.dul Karim of Bulri (p.199). 7r. Tanvir A asi, in his oo.: Shah La-f ,i Shairee (Poetry of The num er of Duranic references in the poetry of Shah Ca#f Shah Ca#f) has given an extensive list of Ara ic expressions, varies according to diEerent compilers of Shah jo Ri alo. This re- Duranic verses and the tradi#ons of the Prophet (PBMA) NAadithO search ar#cle is ased on some of the direct Duranic quotes in quoted y Ca#f. This study is an a:empt as part of the con#nua- Ca#f2s poetry and draws on material from diEerent versions of #on of the scholarly research these luminaries ini#ated. Shah jo Ri alo especially The Ri alo of Shah A.dul La-f Bhitai translated in verse y Amena Khamisani, Ri alo of Shah A.dul Re earch Methodology La-f Shah jo Ri alo translated y Elsa Kazi, compiled y Kalyan This study is in line with qualita#ve research method, and Advani, and a num er of research ar#cles on Ca#f2s poetry. As content analysis has een its asic research tool. 7ul#ple trans- for the transla#ons of Duranic verses and their commentary A - la#ons of oth the Duranic and Ca#f2s verses have een quoted, The Holy Quran, Engli h Tran la-on and Com- dullah Bousif Ali2s wherever appropriate, for compara#ve study$ moreover verses mentary has een referred in par#cular and a num er of other from diEerent compila#ons of Shah ,o Ri alo have een cited to transla#ons in general. Regarding the textual and philosophical indicate slight changes in the text and dic#on according to the Holy Quran Shah jo Ri alo lin. etween the and , Brohi (1996) ar- research of diEerent compilers therefore each extract from the gues that the source of the Sufi doctrine is ul#mately to e Ri alo is followed y the name of the compiler or editor. traced to some of the verses contained in the Aoly Duran, and in par#cular, to the primeval covenant etween man and the Crea- Intertextual Analy i of the Quranic Influence on the Poetry of tor. 1Am I not your CordH2 was the ques#on as.ed y Iod from the souls, and the answer y them was 1Indeed Thou art.2 Ca#f2s Shah Abdul Laf Bhitai poetry carries copious references to this cardinal doctrine of The study of Shah Ca#f2s verses which quote Duranic text man2s innate and insa#a le hunger for things divine (p.7). This leads to the understanding of deeper meanings and message of study is mainly a content analysis of the text of Ca#f2s poetry in divine words and their lin. to his poe#c representa#on. It is the intertextual context, that is, to see how the text of his verse through this rediscovery of the poet2s associa#on with the text has een shaped up through other textual in6uences, par#cular- of the Duran that we .now how deeply immersed his heart was ly the in6uence of Duranic text. in the heavenly light of Cove of Iod and Ais crea#on and how high he held in his heart the divine message. Literature Review Following is the content analysis, through intertextual approach, of those verses of Ca#f which directly quote expres- Some scholars have carried out valua le research in this sions from the Aoly Duran. area so far, par#cularly the highly enlightening wor. of 7uham- É vÀ א ، و ، mad Baqoo Agha2s Shah ,o Ri alo alia 2anj La-f cannot e ﻻﺧـﻮف ﻋـﻠــﻴــﻬــﻢ وﻻﻫــﻢ `ــﺤـﺰﻧــﻮن ، t overloo.ed, esides the ground rea.ing trea#se: The Life, Reli- ، º º#"، אu א ل אن gion and Poetry of Shah La-f y Cilaram -atanmal Calwani de- .é (' À &É%وא$، *( ' É&، /.1ص: serves a lot of commenda#on. Dr. A dur Rahman Jas.ani has devoted a detailed sec#on to the religious aspect of Ca#f2s poet- 31 32 Kalachi Research à s Kalachi Research à s Khamisani (2012) has translated the a ove verse as follows: He whose remembrance you crave longs for you too All light, Master made them unique of old, ‘Recollect me that I may remember you.’ Nor fear nor sorrow such ones can hold, Try to understand the deep truth of it, Sweetness on tongue, knife in hand, is for you, His concern.