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71713988507.Pdf روﺳﺘﺎ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﺳﺎل 22 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 85، ﺑﻬﺎر 1398 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي - ﻓﺎزي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي : ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌ ﺔ ﻣﻮردي دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻘﻮ ب زارﻋﻲ١ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ : 24/10/ 1396 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش : 9/10/ 1397 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺣﺪود ﭘﻨﺠﺎه درﺻﺪ از ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي، در ﻛﻨﺎر ﺟﺎﻳ ﮕﺎه وﻳﮋه ﻧﻈﺎم روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ و ﻧﻘﺶ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻴﺎن در روﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي - اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮزي ﺑﺎﻧﻪ، در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ - ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﺳﻨﺎدي - ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪاي و ﺑ ﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﻴﻮه ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎزي و ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪ . ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 59 ﻣﺆ ﻟﻔﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ، ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺮوﻣ ﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺣﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﺗﺮﻳﻦ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن، ﻳﻌﻨﻲ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻧﻨﻮر ( ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ 35/0) ، ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و اﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن از ﻫﻴ ﭻ اﻟﮕﻮ و ﻗﺎﻋﺪه اي ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ، ﻣﺤ ﺮوﻣﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮار ﻣﺮزي ( دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻪ- ﻛ ﻪ و ﭘﺸﺖ ارﺑﺎﺑﺎ ) ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ . در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن، ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ، ﺑ ﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ، آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ و زﻳﺮﺑ ﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧﻪ در اوﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ . ﻛﻠﻴﺪواژه ﻫﺎ : ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي، ﻓﺎزي، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي، ﺑﺎﻧﻪ ( ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ). -1 دﻛﺘﺮي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ، ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎه ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮا ن ﺟﻮان و ﻧﺨﺒﮕﺎن، واﺣﺪ ﺑﻮﺷـﻬﺮ، دا ﻧﺸـﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳـﻼﻣﻲ، ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ، اﻳﺮان ( [email protected] ). ). ۱۳۵ روﺳﺘﺎ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ، ﺳﺎل 22 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 85 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي در دورﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي واﻗـﻊ ﺷﺪ ها ﻧﺪ، ﻋﻘﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﻣﺤﺮوم ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲرو ﻧﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در آﻧ ﻬـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻜﻞ اﻣﻮاج ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﻲ و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ رﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ دورﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ( ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ ) ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ . از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي ﻋﻼوه ﺑـﺮ دوري از ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ، از وﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻫـﺎي ﻛﺎﻟﺒـﺪي ﺧﺎﺻﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﮔﺴﺴـﺘﮕﻲ ﻓﻀـﺎﻳﻲ و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠـﻪ ، ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ).8( از ﻫﻤﻴﻦرو، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣـﺮزي را ﻣـﻲ ﺗـﻮان ﻣﺤـﻞ ﺗﻼﻗـﻲ دو ﭘﺪﻳـﺪه ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﻲ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎب آورد (16). در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ و ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎه و ﻧﻘﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻠﻲ، رﻓﻊ ﻣﺤﺮوﻣﻴﺖ و ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت و ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ در اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ رﻳـﺰان ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ در ﻋﺼﺮ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺳﺖ (51). ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دورا ﻓﺘﺎده و ﻣﺮزي در ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼً ﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﻧـﺪ (56)، ﺑـﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي ﺑﻪ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ دوري از ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ، اﻧـﺰواي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺎﻳﻲ و ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻧﻴـﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ، ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮرداري از رﻓﺎه و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫـﺎي ﻓـﺎﺣﺶ ﺑـﺎ دﻳﮕـﺮ ﻣ ﺮاﻛـﺰ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘـﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر دارﻧﺪ 6( ). ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ، اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﺎﻃﺮ وﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﭼـﻮن دوري از ﻣﺮﻛـﺰ، اﻧﺰواي ﺟﻐ ﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ، ﻧﺎﭘﺎﻳﺪاري ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ، ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ، ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪات ﺧـﺎرﺟﻲ، و ﺗﺒـﺎدﻻت ﻣﺮزي در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، اﻣﻨﻴﺖ و آﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﻮر از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ وﻳﮋه ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧـﺪ ( 18 ). از ﺳﻮي دﻳﮕﺮ، در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان، ﻣﺮزﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺖ دارﻧﺪ ﻛـ ﻪ در زﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﺧﻮد ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﺑﻴﻜﺎري، ﻓﻘﺮ، ﻛﻤﺒﻮد درآﻣﺪ، ﻛﻤﺒﻮد زﻣﻴﻦ ﻫـﺎي ﻛﺸـﺎورزي، آب، ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ، و ﻛﻤﺒﻮد راه ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﻮاﺟـﻪ ا ﻧـﺪ . از اﻳـﻦ رو، ﺑـ ﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـ ﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ روزاﻓﺰون ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي و ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻴﺎن ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ، اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ از ﺳﻜﻨﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻣﺮدم ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري از رﻓﺎه ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑـ ﻪ ﻣﺮاﻛـﺰ ﺷـﻬﺮي روي آورده اﻧـﺪ ، ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻮج ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ در ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎﻻ رﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده و ﻣﻌﻀـﻼت اﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ را ﺑـﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ).4( اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻣـﺮز از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻬﻢ و راﻫﺒﺮدي ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﺮزﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣـﻲ آﻳﻨ ـﺪ ﻛـﻪ اﮔـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﻴﻮه ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﺳﺎﻣﺎن دﻫﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر زﻳﺎدي در ﻛﻨﺘـﺮل ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣـﺮزي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑ ﺎﺷﻨﺪ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ را ﺑﻪ ﺣـﺪاﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳـﺎﻧﻨﺪ . از ﻫﻤـﻴﻦ رو، ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺗـﻮان ﻫـﺎ و ۱۳۶ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﺎ ﻛﺴﺘﺮي - ﻓﺎزي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ....... ﻧﻘﺎط ﺿﻌﻒ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻫﻤﺠﻮار ﺑﺎ ﻣﻣﺮز ﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺘـﺮﻳﻦ روﻳﻜـﺮد در راﺳـﺘﺎي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻓﻀـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮزي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر آﻳﺪ ( 30 ). وﺟﻮد ﻣﺒﺎدﻻت و ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ دو ﺳﻮي ﻣﺮز ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺎور و ﻧﻴﺰ آﺳـﻴﺐ ﭘـﺬﻳﺮي و ﺗﻬﺪﻳـﺪات ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ در اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ از دﻳﮕـﺮ ﻣﻮاردي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻓﺮآ ﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳ ﻌﻪ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي آﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻦ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ وﻳﮋه داده اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻛﻪ داراي ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﭘﺎﻧﺰده اﺳﺘﺎن از 31 اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺮزي اﺳﺖ، اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧ ﻤﺎﻳ ﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( 40). ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ، ﺑـﺮ اﺛـﺮ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﭘﻴﭽﻴـﺪه ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣـﺮزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺒﺎت ﺗﻨ ﮕﺎﺗﻨـﮓ آن ﺑـﺎ ﻧﻈـﺎم ﺳﺮزﻣﻴﻨﻲ، ﻃﻲ دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ، ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺣﻮزه ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎﺗﻲ در ﻛﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ در ﻣﻴﺎن اﻧﺒـﻮه اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﺎت ﭘﻴﺸـﻴﻦ ، ﺷـﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮان اذﻋﺎن داﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﻮزه روﺳﺘﺎ و ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻜﻲ از روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﻣﻐﻔـﻮل در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮزي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه در ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻣﻘـﺎﻻت ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ و ﺗﺒﻴـﻴﻦ ﺷﺪ ه اﺳﺖ، ﻛﻪ از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻧﺪ : ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺻﺎدﻗﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (52) در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻨﺪان؛ ﻣﺘﻘﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (42) در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ دﻫﺴ ﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ؛ ﺧﻮﺷﻔﺮ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (31) در ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ در دﻫﺴﺘﺎن اﺗﺮك؛ زارﻋﻲ (64) در ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎي ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﺳﻜﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮزي اﺳـﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴـﺘﺎن؛ و ﻣﻴـﺮه اي و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران (37) در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ د ﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣـﺮزي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﺮﺧﺲ . در ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﻣﻌﺪود ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺣﻮزه روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﺑـﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﻴﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﭘﻲ، ﭘﺎره اي از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎدآوري ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد : : اﻳﺮان دوﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (26)، در ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘـﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﺳـﻄﻮح ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻳـﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ روﺳــﺘﺎﻳﻲ اﺳــﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳــﺘﺎن در ﺳــﺎلﻫــﺎي 1375 و 1385، ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨــﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﻣﻨــﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن و ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ، در ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴــﻪ ﺑــﺎ ﺳــﻜﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫــﺎي روﺳــﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺘﺎن ﻫــﺎي ﻣــﺮزي و ﻛﻮﻫﺴــﺘﺎﻧﻲ، از وﺿــﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ. زارﻋﻲ (63)، در ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﻣﺆ ﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌ ﻪ روﺳـﺘﺎﻳﻲ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻧﺎﻋﺎدﻻﻧﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و اﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت، ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ - درﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧﻪ (68/0)، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻨﻨﺪج (79/0) و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي اداري - ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳـﺘﺎﻳﻲ ۱۳۷ روﺳﺘﺎ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ، ﺳﺎل 22 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 85 ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺮوه (73/0) اﺳﺖ . اﺣﻤﺪي ﭘﻮر و ﻋﺰﻳﺰي (1)، در ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ راﻫﺒﺮدﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي از ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد ﻣﺒـﺎدﻻت ﻣـﺮزي و اﺣـﺪاث ﺑﺎزارﭼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي را از روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣـﺮزي ﺑﺮﺷـﻤﺮد ه اﻧـﺪ ، روﻳﻜﺮدﻫـﺎﻳﻲ ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨ ﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑ ﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي و ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺷـﻜﺎف آن ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﻣﺎن اﻟﻪ ﭘﻮر و ﻧﻈﻢﻓﺮ (3)، در رﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت زﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ، ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤـﺎظ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻫـﺎي ﺧﺪﻣﺎت زﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ از ﻫﻤﮕﺮاﻳـﻲ ﻧﺴـﺒﻲ ﺑﺮﺧـﻮردار ﻧ ﻴﺴـﺘﻨﺪ و ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﻗـﺮوه و دﻫﮕﻼن در درﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻻو ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺎران و ﺳﺮوآﺑﺎد در درﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻗﺮا ر دارﻧﺪ. وﻳﺴﻲ و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران (58)، در ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ روﺳـﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣـﺮزي ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﻳﻮان، ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻔ ﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري در ﺳﻄﺢ دﻫﺴـﺘ ﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﻳـﻮ ان وﺟـﻮد دارد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ از ﺷﺶ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن، ﺳﻪ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن در ﺟﺮﮔﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺤـﺮوم و دو دﻫﺴـﺘﺎن در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ . ﻋﻠ ﻲ رﻏﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي، ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ اﺷـﺎره ﻛـﺮ د ﻛـﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮدي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دور از ﻛﺎﺳـﺘﻲ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اي، ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮﺑﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺗﺮ از ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫـﺎي ﻣﺘﻌـﺪد و ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي را در اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ( زﻳﺮﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ، آﻣﻮزﺷﻲ، ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﻲ، ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اداري، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﻲ، درﻣـﺎﻧﻲ و ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ) ﻣﻮرد ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻗﺮار داده و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﺗﻮأ ﻣـﺎن ﺷـﻴﻮه ﻫـﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺴـﺘﺮي و ﻓــﺎزي، ﺑــﺮاي ﻧﺨﺴــﺘﻴﻦ ﺑــﺎر از ﻳــﻚ روشﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻲ ﻣﺘﻔــﺎوت و دﻗﻴــﻖ در ﺣــﻮزه ﺳــﻨﺠﺶ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻛﺮ ده اﺳﺖ . در ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ، از آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪود ﭘﻨﺠﺎه درﺻﺪ از ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر را ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣ ﻲ دﻫﺪ و 7/50 درﺻﺪ از ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻧﻴﺰ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻧـﺪ (14) ، ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ اﻫﻤﻴ ﺖ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ در ﻣﻴﺎن ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﻳﻚ ﻛﺸﻮر و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ، ﺣﺴﺎﺳـﻴﺖ وﻳـﮋه ﻧﻮارﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي ﺑ ﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺧﺎص ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﺳﻴﺎﺳـﻲ ، ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺗـﻼش دارد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮزي ﺑﺎﻧـﻪ، ﺿـﻤﻦ ﺳـﻨﺠﺶ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﻴﺎدي و ﺗﺄ ﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬار ﺗﻮﺳ ﻌﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي از ﺷﻴﻮه ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي و ﻓـﺎزي، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﮕﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ را ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آن، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴـﻪ ﻣﻨـﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ ﺑـﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﭙﺮدازد ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎدﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي و ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ اوﻟﻮﻳـﺖ ﻫـﺎي ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ، در ﻧﻬﺎﻳـﺖ ، ۱۳۸ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﺎ ﻛﺴﺘﺮي - ﻓﺎزي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ....... زﻣﻴﻨﻪ آﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ و ﺳﺎﻣﺎن دﻫﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺳـﻜﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎ ي روﺳـﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧـﻪ ﻓـﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﻮد. از اﻳﻦرو، ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ درﺻﺪد ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺆ اﻻت زﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ : : - ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت و اﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت روﺳـﺘﺎﻳﻲ در ﺳـﻄﺢ دﻫﺴـﺘﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧـﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ؟ - در ﻛﻞِ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻌﺎدل و ﺷﻜﺎف در دﺳﺘﺮﺳﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﻛـﺪام ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ دﻳﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد؟ - در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﺗﺮﻳﻦ و ﻣﺤﺮوم ﺗـﺮﻳﻦ دﻫﺴـﺘﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن ﺑﺎﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري از ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻛﺪاﻣﻨﺪ؟ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي ﻧﺸـﺎن ﻣـﻲ دﻫـﺪ ﻛـﻪ ﻧﺨﺴـﺘﻴﻦ ﺗﺤـﻮل در زﻣﻴﻨـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺮزي رﻳﺸﻪ در ﺗﻔﻜﺮات ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﻪ وﻳـﮋه ﻛﺮﻳﺴـﺘﺎﻟﺮ دارد ( 13 ).
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