1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE ~069 court has held with that contention, but that is the contention HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that has been made before some of the courts. . The Supreme Court of the United States did not pass on the FRIDAY, Feb1'1.14ry ~1, 1930 question at all as presented by Mr. Hughes in the district court The House met at 12 o'clock noon and w~J,s called to order by pf appeals, and the district court of appeals, in deciding the the Speaker pro tempore, Mr. TIL-soN. case, waived that matter aside and placed its decision on the The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered basis of public interest. So far as I know it has not been passed the following prayer : on, except that the Federal courts in Illinois have declared c.gainst it. The matter is coming to the Supreme Court by Our Father, little by little show us the beauty of Thy truth. reference from one of the Federal courts in Illinois on a Lighten our eyes and help us to read Thy presence in our glad­ constitutional question of confiscation of property rights in ness and in our sorrow. 0 bless us with the patient, cheerful, the air, and that question will probably be passed on by the and healing ways of Thy Holy Spirit. 0 Lord, take the mys­ Supreme Court within the coming year. teries of our hearts, the spiritual forces that breathe them, the Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I am not going to press the hidden desires that impel them, and drop into them the pure point that Mr. Saltzman be rejected at the present time, par­ dews of a gqod life. Bless the common hopes that bind us to­ ticularly because of the understanding that when Mr. Robinson gether, and in the stress and strain of duty may we never lose and Mr. Sykes were appointed there was a general feeling on the comradeship of Him who is destined to become the center both sides that we should let them be confirmed. of the world's night. Give us the benediction of that peace t wanted to call attention to how the commission has been which rests and radiates in the silent stars. Through Christ functioning and the way they have been selecting their help to our Saviour. Amen. perform their functions. I feel very keenly that the commis­ The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and sioners should not just pick out politicians to head the legal approved. staff, but that they ought to be guided by the competency of MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE the men, and pick out men who know something about the sub­ ject with which they are to deal. A message from the Senate by Mr. Craven, its principal clerk, Mr. President, I am not going to ask that Mr. Saltzman be announced that the Senate had passed a bill of the following rejected, but, having explained my position with reference to title, in which the concurrence of the House is requested: his nomination and his attitude on some of these things and S. 875. An act authorizing 0. N. Jenks, F. J. Stransky, L. H. my feeling that there ought to be a stop put to this interference Miles, John Grandy, and Bruce Machen, their heirs, legal repre­ by Mr. Richey in appointments affecting this commission and sentatives, and assigns, to construct, maintain, and operate 8 some of the others, I am going to withdraw any objection and bridge across the Mississippi River at or near Savanna, Ill. permit the nomination to be acted on at this time without even ADDRESS BY HON. WILLIAM E. HULL a roll call. Mr. HALL of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Mr. COUZENS. I move that the nomination of Charles McK. to extend my remarks in the RECORD by inserting a patriotic Saltzman be confirmed. address by my colleague [Mr. WILLIAM E. HuLL] in support of The motion was agreed to. legislation in behalf of ex-service men before the American The VICE PRESIDENT. The President will be notified. Legion post in Washington, D. C., February 18, 1930. The next question is, Will the Senate advise and consent to The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the re­ the nomination of Harold A. Lafount, of Utah, to be a member quest of the gentleman from Illinois? of the Federal Radio Commission for a term of five years from There was no objection. February 24, 1930? The address is as follows: Mr. COUZENS. I move that the nomination be confirmed. LEGISLATION IN BEHALF' OF' EX-SERVICE MEN The motion was agreed to. I meet with your post to-night, not as a Representative in Congress The VICE PRESIDENT. The President will be notified. but as the son of a soldier. It is a pleasure, indeed, to speak to the The next question is, Will the Senate advise and consent to World War veterans. The Government is not unmindful of the debt of the nomination of William D. L. Starbuck, of Connecticut, to be gratitude they owe the men who crossed the sea and followed the flag a member of the Federal Radio Commission for a term of four to victory. Neither is the Government forgetting the service of those years from F'ebruary 24, 1930? whose fate it was to remain on this side of the water. You were all Mr. WATSON. Mr. President, I want to ask my good friend soldiers. . the Senator from Montana if he will not withdraw his objection I meet daily with men on Capitol Hill who have the power to pass to this nomination? legislation favorable to you and your comrades. I can truthfully say Mr. WHEELER. I will say to the Senator that I would like that, in my opinion, out of the 435 Members of the House, not one, very much to accommodate him, but I have been given some regardless of politics, would vote against a measure to help the soldiers. information to-day which I would like to have an opportunity Some of the Legion feel that they would fare better if Congress were to look into, and I will do so by Monday. Unless by that time made up of their own members. In the natural course the time will I find the situation is different from what I think it is at the come when a large majority of the Members of Congress will have seen present time, I will not have any objection on Monday. service in the Army during the late war, and they will then have an RECESS opportunity to demonstrate this theory. But when that time arrives I doubt whether you will have then a Congress as eager to serve the Mr. WATSON. Mr. President, as in legislative session, I move soldier as sincerely and as regardless of circumstances as the Congress that the Senate now take a recess, the recess being until to­ now in session on Capitol Hill. morrow morning at 11 o'clock. It is true that some legislation already passed was not as helpful to The motion was agreed to; and the Senate (at 5 o'clock p.m.), the soldier as it was intended. But a willing Congress will help secure under the order previously entered, took a recess until to-mor­ additional legislation for the soldier. row, Saturday, February 22, 1930, at 11 o'clock a. m. I am one of those who told the boys when they went overseas that if they did a good job we would be ready to take care of them when CONFIRMATIONS they came back home. History recalls how well they did that job, and I am ready to stand b:9' the promise made in that patriotic hour. Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate February U 1 have not forgotten the pride and enthusiasm that we all felt as our (legislative day of January 6), 1930 bOys charged through Belleau Wood and on to victory and accomplished MEMBEBS OF THE FEDERAL RADIO COMMISSION in a few months, by their bravery and daring, what the great military leaders of the world thought would take from two to three years. Ira E. Robinson, for a term of two years. You can recall the enormous sum the war was costing us in dollars Eugene 0. Sykes, for a term of three years. and cents each day, to say nothing about the great loss of human life, Harold A. Lafount, for a term of :five years. but it is almost impossible to visualize the sum it would have taken to Charles McK. Saltzman, for a term of six years. have carried the war along two or three additional years, and there is COAST GUARD no question but what that bill would have been paid. The total amount that we will ever pay for the relief of our soldier boys and their de· Henry G. Hemingway to be commander. pendents will never in any way equal this tremendous sum. Thaddeus G. Crapster to be captain. There is some talk of postponing additional legislation for the relief Jeremiah A. Starr to be commander. of the World War soldier to some later date, but I, for one, stand ready PosTMASTER to vote at this time for a bill to provide for the sick and crippled soldier, regardless as to whether he received his disability in actual TENNESSEE service or not, so that he and his dependents may enjoy the necessities Thomas M. Boyd, Bruceton. of life in a manner becoming a soldier of this great Government. 4070 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2l During my seven years in Congress I have handled more than a the program will be extended only one year, inasmuch as the legislation thousand private i>ension and compensation claims, and have supported increases the annual expenditure from $35,000,000 to $50,000,000. Of all measures that have come before Congress for the relief of the ex­ the $50,000,000, $15,000,000 may be expended in the District of Colum­ service men and his dependents. bia and $35,000,000 in the country at large. 1 am proud of this record, and to-night may I pledge to this post The survey covered nearly 2,000 places having postal receipts of my continued support for the welfare of the soldier, be he veteran of $20,000 or over, and necessarily consumed considerable time and effort. '61 to '65, a soldier of the war with Spain, or the khaki-clad boy who After obtaining the required data, the various places were evaluated on carried the fiag to new heights of glory in the great World War. They such elements as population, postal receipts, congestion in present quar­ were all soldiers and good soldiers. ters, and similar items, resulting in a list arranged in preferential order for each State from which selection was made for a certain number of ADDRESS BY HON. FEimY K. HEATH projects for definite authorization and appropriation. This duty de­ Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to volved upon an interdepartmental committee of five members designated extend my remarks in the RECORD by printing a very able and by the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postmaster General. The rec­ interesting address delivered over the radio last night in a ommendation of this committee was approved, and projects to the extent nation-wide hook-up by the Hon. Ferry K. Heath, Assistant of nearly $190,000,000 for the country at large and $48,000,000 for Secretary of the Treasury, on the public building program. projects for the District of Columbia, or a. total of $238,000,000, has The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the re­ been specifically authorized. This covers 334 projects for the country quest of the gentleman from Indiana? at large. There was no objection. In the District of Columbia 7 bullding projects have been authorized, The address is as follows : of which 5 are under construction and 2 are awaiting the acquisition of PUBLIC-BUILDING PROGRAM land. Very early one beautiful morning in mid-October, 1790, a lone horse­ The duty of carrying out this stupendous program falls under the man left the inn in Georgetown and disappeared into the forest. On office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department. That his return that night the location of the capital of a great nation had office now employs over 300 architects, engineers, and draftsmen, and been decided. The horseman was the first President of the United States nearly 100 field engineers, and steps are now being taken to increase the of America, and the Capital was later named Washington. Two other force by 25 per cent. A number of private architects have also been great Americans, Thomas J"efferson and Alexander Hamilton, had been commissioned to prepare drawings and specifications for some of the responsible for placing the Capital near the Potomac. They did this by larger buildings. obtaining an agreement in Congress that if the Capital was so located, In the country at large, 112 projects have either been completed or the funding bill would be passed placing the credit of all the States are in course of construction. How much work is involved in this back of the Revolutionary War debts. building program will be appreciated by a description of the various The plans these men then made, far-reaching as they were, are being steps that are required to produce one building. The first step is the carried forward beyond the founders' wildest dreams by the present acquisition of a site. The direct purchase of a site by negotiations con­ occupant of the White House, President Hoover, and his Secretary of sumes considerable time, but if the property has to be acquired by the Treasury, Andrew W. Mellon. Major l'Enfant, a brilliant French condemnation this may take a year or eve.n more. In either case, the engineer, who was a friend of George Washington and a soldier of the title to the property has to be approved by the Department of .Justice. Revolutionary War, was chosen to lay out the plan for the new Federal Before a project can reach the drafting stage it is necessary to obtain city and, drawing on his knowledge of the great capitals of Europe, an accurate boundary and topographical survey, and in a good many he devised the beautiful scheme of a city which is now so rapidly cases test borings and test pits are necessary to ascertain the bearing nearing realization. Time prevents discussion of the vicissitudes of capacity of the soil. the L'Enfant plan, but, neglected and abandoned, it was finally rescued After this information is obtained the project is studied in all its by the McMillan Commission in 1901, later aided by the efforts of such aspects, involving outline, proportion, relation to adjoining buildings, men as Roosevelt, Root, and Taft and with modifications made by Burn­ and in the case of an institution such as a hospital suitable grouping ham, St. Gaudens, McKim, and Olmstead, so that the plan could be of the various buildings. In a building of importance a great many adapted to modern needs, the dream city of L'Enfant is now taking form Government activities have to be provided for, and the interrelation and substance. between these activities has to be taken into account in laying out the Since George Washington assisted in laying the corner stone of the various fioor plans; this involves voluminous correspondence and not in­ Capitol in 1793 this Nation has been building public buildings. With frequently personal conferences. It Js not unusual to prepare three and the enormous growth of the business of the Government the building four sets of sketch plans, and in one case it was necessary to prepare program did not keep pace with our needs, either in the country at eight such sets of a many-storied building before all the occupants large nor in the Capital. The result was and is a huge payment of expressed themselves as satisfied. rents for totally inadequate quarters throughout the country, working All this is preliminary to the taking up of the working drawings, conditions that in many instances are a disgrace to the Nation, and which are the instruments on which the contract for construction is the obvious need for some orderly procedure to meet the problem. Dur­ based. The development of the working drawings for a building of a ing the World War it was necessary to suspend all construction work large size, say, costing $5,000,000, consumes the time of 25 architects, except such as was required for military purposes. This suspension, engineers, and draftsmen for from six to eight months, and in many taken together with the great increase of business in consequence of cases o•er 100 individual drawings are required, comprising architec­ the war, resulted in the occupancy of temporary structures long beyond tural, structural, and mechanical-engineering layout. As all these their usefulness and a crowding of Government buildings that would must be in conformity, the close cooperation of several divisions is not be tolerated by any private business. In addition, priceless records involved. were endangered, which if destroyed would be impossible of replace­ The architectural drawings, of course, are started first, and when ment. There was such unprecedented demand in Congress for the these are about 40 per cent completed the structural engineers obtain authorization of construction work that it proved impracticable to select prints, make the necessary computations for loads for the various fioors meritorious cases from the thousands of bills introduced. carried down from column to column, finally determining the size of This difficulty was not solved until 1926, when Congress author­ the footings proportioned to the bearing capacity of the soil; they ized the Secretary of the Treasury and the Postmaster General to design the columns, girders, fioor construction, and all other structural conduct a nation-wide survey to determine what projects should be details. The mechanical engineers lay out the various facilities, com­ undertaken. prising plumbing, beating, water supply, ventilation, electrical work, Congress has shown a most constructive spirit in dealing with our elevators, and telephone systems. building needs, and although it is impossible to name all those who After the completion of the drawings the specifications are pre­ have aided in the program, such men as Senators SMoOT, Fernald, and pared, which is individual work and can be performed only by two engi­ KEYES and Congressman ELLIOTT have given ungrudingly of their time neers simultaneously, one for construction and one for mechanical and effort. equipment. The writing of specifications for a large building and the The total amount required to meet the public-building needs of the duplicating by the mimeographing process usually consumes from four country as determined by our survey was $588,000,000, divided $190,- to five weeks. During the mimeographing process the drawings are 000,000 for the District of Columbia and $398,000,000 for the coun­ duplicated by blue printing, and for a large building now under con­ try at large. To date Congress has authorized an expenditure of struction it was necessary to prepare over 40,000 prints. $338,000,000, $75,000,000 of which is for the purchase of land and the The time allowed contractors to prepare proposals varies from four construction of executive buildings in the District of Columbia. There to six weeks, depending upon the size of the building. Usually there Is now pending in Congress legislation which will increase the amount is keen competition, with from 15 to 25 bids, and in case the lowest bid already authorized from $338,000,000 to $568,000,000. The division of is submitted by a responsible contractor the award is in.-ariably made this enormous sum is $190,000,000 for the District of Columbia and to that contractor. $378,000,000 for the country at large. From this description it will be seen that a large amount of pre­ Present legislation requires that the $338,000,000 now authorized shall liminary work is required before a building can be commenced, and even be expended over a period of 10 years, or at the rate of $35,000,000 a after the construction is started the work of the architect and the year. Should the pending Keyes-Elliott bill become a law, the period of engineer does not cease. Full-size drawings have to be prepared, shop 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4071 drawings checked,• and samples of a great number of materials passed local communities. The work is being pushed as rapidly as is humanly upon. possible, when consideration is given to the legal limits of expenditure During the erection a construction engineer is detailed to supervise for each yea1·. the work of the structure and in buildings of magnitude, such, for While Secretary of Commerce, President Hoover took the keenest instance, as the buildings now being erected in Washington, the con­ interest in the Nation's building problem, as has Secretary Mellon. In struction engineer has several assistants. The building for the De­ the President's inaugural address the attention <>f Congress was called partment of Commerce is the largest governmental building now under to the needs of the country and, at the time of the threatened business construction, being over 1,000 feet in length and 350 feet in depth, in­ reaction last fall, an enlarged program was urged not only in order to volving a cost of $17,000,000. It talces 2% years to construct such meet our present governmental needs but to assist labor throughout the a building and it provides employment for a great number of men, not land. The House of Representatives bas already passed the Keyes­ only on the job, but for an even greater number in producing and Elliott bill, and if it is passed by the Senate a nation-wide survey will fabricating plants at various places, and a few statistics of the amount be undertaken this summer to detet·mine the increased requirements. of material required for such a building should be of interest. During the 10 years' program over 1,200 beautiful and adequate As to the Department of Commerce building, at the present time buildings will be constructed. The bill will allow a speeding up of the on an average of 800 mechanics and laborers are employed daily, and work all along the line, and it is hoped that a few years will find gov­ it is expected that no less than 2,000 will be employed at the peak ernmental activities in dignified and efl'ective structures, both in Wash­ of operations. There are 67,000 cubic feet of granite and more than ington, where all activities center, and in the country at large, where 650.000 cubic feet of limestone required for the facing of the building ; the facilities are so badly needed. In the years to come the occupants for the backing of this stonework 12,000,000 brick are necessary. of the modest flivver or the great national parades will start from the The item of structural steel is enormous, 16,600 tons being required. Plaza at the Capitol, flanked as it will be by the Supreme Court Build­ No less than 5,200 metal windows will furnish light and air to the ing, the Library of Congress, the enlarged Senate Office Building, and building and to glaze these windows 237,000 square feet of glass are the House Office Building with its new annex-sweep down a new necessary. Pennsylvania Avenue past one of the most beautiful architectural com­ The main interior partitions are built of hollow clay tile and the positions to be found anywhere in the world, including the Archives, Individual blocks required for the more than 2,000,000 square feet of the Department of Justice, the Internal Revenue Bureau, the Post Office partitions, if laid end to end, would reach a distance of 400 miles. Department, the great Plaza, with its Department of Commerce, Labor ln addition to the hollow-tile partitions, nearly 140,000 square feet of Department, and Department of Interstate . Commerce, past the old steel and glass partitions will be necessary. The concrete in the Treasury, the White House and Monument, the rehabilitated State De­ fireproof floor and roof construction would build 24 miles of road, 6 partment, and on to the Lincoln Memorial, the great new Memorial inches thick and 20 feet wide. The plaster on the walls and ceilings Bridge across the Potomac, and to Arlington and the Tomb of the would cover an area of 48 city blocks. The item of rooting is of Unknown Soldier. The Mall, dominated by the Capitol at its head, interest, for in addition to the hundreds of thousands of square feet of flanked by magnificent governmental groups, cut by h·ee-shaded drives, roofing felt and tile required, 78 tons of sheet copper and 380 tons of with gardens, fountains, reflecting pools, cascades, and terraces, will galvanized sheet iron will be necessary to protect the interior of the form a picture that will be enshrined in the heart of every justly proud building from storm, water, and snow. Many different types of flooring American, the symbol of America-the Capital of our country. will be employed, including stone, marble, clay tile, hardwood,l mastic, ADDRESS BY BON. JAMES J. DAVIS cork tile, heavy-duty wood block, etc. There will be no less than seven 260-horsepower boilers installed, about 94,000 square feet of radiation Mr. CAMPBELl.~ of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ will be necessary to beat the building, and 36 elevators will be needed mous consent to extend my remarks by printing an address for the conveyance of passengers and freight. delivered by the Hon. James J. Davis·, Secretary of Labor, on It is not possible to trace the history of all of the products delivered February 14, 1930. to the building to their source, viz, to the mines where the iron, copper, 'l'he SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection· to the re­ lead, nickel, and other metals are found ; to the quarries from which the quest of the gentleman from Pelllli3ylvania? stone is procured; to the forests which furnished the wood for flooring, l\1r. HOWARD. Reserving the right to object, I notice in our etc.; and to the banks of the river bottoms where the sand and gravel goodness of heart we are permitting outsiders to have their lies; but it will readily be seen what an enormous number of trades are addresses published in our RECORD. I notice also tbat many involved and that thousands of men are employed for long periods. It magnificent editorial utterances are denied admittance to the must be remembered that in the expenditure of $17,000,000 for a build­ RECORD. I am not going to object this morning, but I do not ing in Washington at least $10,000,000 of this amount is distributed in like this hideous discrimination. different sections of the country for labor and materials, not to mention The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? the outside labor brought into Washington to work on the job. This is There was no objection. only one of many buildings proposed for the District of Columbia, and The address is as follows : somewhat comparable buildings will be built in New York, Boston, RADIO ADDRESS ON EMPLOYMENT Philadelphia, Baltimore, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Chicago, St. Louis, Denver, San Francisco, and innumerable cities of the country. Nobody knows what business would be like to-day if it had not been The development or the so-called triangle in Washington includes 12 for President Hoover's prompt action. Beyond all doubt his conferences buildings ranging in price from $3,500,000 to $17,000,000. of industrial and labor leaders saved us from a disaster. That was the The Secretary of the Treasury is charged with the responsibility of case after every financial disturbance of the past. As it is, we have the colliltruction, and has to aid him the services of a special board of not escaped some of the efl'ects. November and December were ex­ architectural consultants, comprising in its membership some of the most tremely hard months for us.. Since the 1st of January the employment eminent American architects. situation has improved, but we have some unemployment-more than The extended program includes a number of important buildings in we want to see. other portions of the city, among them new buildings for the War and For a man to be out of a job and unable to find work is the most Navy Departments, involving an expenditure of approximately $26,000,- pitiful condition I can imagine. I make that statement from my own 000, and this will then permit the removal of the present temporary experience. I know what it is to tramp the streets in search or work buildings from the Jl.iall. and without a penny. My own father knew what it was to be out ot In addition to the construction work under the direction of the Secre­ funds and out of a job, and to run up a big bill at the store that he bad tary of the Treasury, there are other building projects contemplated or to pay later. · in course of construction in the District of Columbia, including a new How many are in the same condition to-day? The question is asked building for the Supreme Court, the Arlington Memorial Bridge, office on every side. It is well known that no accurate figures on unemploy­ buildings and additions for the Senate and House of Representatives, ment exist. It would take a national census to get the total ot unem­ and the so-called municipal center, which will be developed north of ployed. To do that every year would cost millions of dollars. The task Pennsylvania Avenue and will house the administrative activities of the would be gigantic and it would take too long. The Department of Labor, District of Columbia. with .a limited appropriation, can furnish only a guide, an estimate. It will be seen that there is under way in Washington a magnificent But that estimate is correct and reliable. and costly development originally planned and devised by L'Erlfant. Since 1915 the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the fact-finding branch of While the general building .program of the Government in the country the Department of Labor, has got a good picture of the employment sit­ at large contemplates the expenditure of over $375,000,000, which sum uation by collecting the figures every month from the principal manu­ will take care of the very pressing needs of the Government over the facturing industries throughout the country. Eight States collect their next 10 years, in all probability, as the years pass by, it will be deemed own figures and turn them over to the Feder.al bureau. In the other advisable and necessary t<> augment this sum by several hundr~d million States the bureau sends out blanks to 34,000 key plants. They report :dollars to properly care for Government activities throughout the land. the number on their pay rolls. From these figures the bureau works If the people of the country can realize the enormous program under out an index which serves as a barometer on unemployment trom month way, they will appreciate not only the difficulties of the departments to month. having the work in charge but also the difficulties of their representa­ I believe the 34,000 manufacturers and business men who furnish ' tives in· Congress in attempting to obtain immediate action in their these figures are fair and honest. So are the employ~s in <>ur statisti- 4072 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 cal bureau. All are selected and qualified by civil-service examination. politically, and State agencies should not be used for political benefit, We get our figures as to the railroads from the Interstate Commerce with State employment officers changed whenever a new governor is Commission, where they are in daily touch with the Class I roads and elected and a new commissioner of labor appointed. their 1,732,000 employees. As I have said before, while new machinery and methods are dis­ So the figures on employment put out every month by the Bureau of placing workers, we also have an annual increase of a million more Labor Statistics are -not a census, but they do furnish a reliable guide. population. Every year 2,000,000 boys and girls come of working age. From now on the national census is to cover unemployment. President Every year 250,000 people come from the farms to the cities, seeking Hoover has so .agreed and approved. But even a census covers only a ~ork. Each year nearly 300,000 immigrants knock at our doors, mostly single year. Hence we must judge from the .facts gathered from these m our cities competing for jobs. 34,000 industrial plants and other &ources. As I was told the other day, on account of the open immigration from The blg question is, How many are unemployed? And what are we the Western Hemisphere, young men now come across our border, appear going to do about it? at the factory gate before they have been In the country two hours, and We have been through more than a financial crisis. For some years take jobs from men who have been in line looking for work and who have we have been passing thl'ougb a critical stage in employment. The rail­ homes and families to maintain at the .American standard of living. roads to-day are hauling much more freight than ever, and are doing it How long will the struggle last it that keeps up? And I wonder if we with 250,000 fewer men. Industry is producing 15 per cent more, with are to get the same ~elief from this Congress that we got from the nearly 1,000,000 fewer workers. Our coal mines are producing more, last-namely, none at all. with fewer men. Every industry in the country has been modernized. We have more than 13,000,000 foreign born in the country. The com­ New machinery, new efficiency methods, new consolidations have driven plaint has come to me recently of an alien who was on the verge of out manual laborers and skilled worker!'!. White-collar clerks and book­ securing his citizenship having his job taken away from him and given keepers have been turned into the streets by thousands. If you want to another alien who had just come in. We must protect not only the to see what consolidation and efficiency bas meant to employment just alien who is already here-about 6,000,000 of them unnaturalized-but look around you in your own home town. If you live in an industrial also the 2,000,000 American boys and girls coming of work age. Cut community, you will see any number of factories closed down and for down these numbers in front of the factory gates, and the employer will rent. They have been consoUdated with other industries or moved to look with a great deal more favor on the man past 45 years of age, and other sections. won't be so anxious to discharge him. Since I became Secretary of Labor nine years ago a complete and We will have this unemployment as long as we have underconsump­ radical change has come over the economic structure of the country. tion. Many of our factories are producing more than we can consume. That means the industrial life of our people. This overdevelopment in coal, as I see it, is a glaring example of that. Recent studies by the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that with It is an industry run by rule of the jungle and not by the rules of good, modern equipment, management, and efficiency, a man in a blast furnace sound business. Men are out of work. There are 200,000 more men produced more than four and one-half times as much in 1927 as he pro­ in the industry than are needed to produce the necessary supply of coal. duced in 1899. In steel and rolling mills, a man produced 50 per cent Not only are these men out of work, or working part time, but the more in 1927 than he did in 1914. In a shoe factory he produced 24 owners of the mines are closing down or working them intermittently. per cent more; in leather tanning, 41 per cent more; in cement, 54 per The towns in which the workers live employed in these coal mines repre­ cent more; in flour milling, 59 per cent more. sent a loss of investments made in them by the business men. In the In the making of motor cars, a man in an hour produced two and towns where the miners are not working to-day you can buy property three-fourths times as much in 1927 as in 1914, and in a tire factory at your own price. The buying power of the people in these towns is nearly four times as much. In a factory making sewing machine needles practically nil. Even it the mines do work one or two or three days a a girl inspecting for defective needles could handle 3,000 per hour. A week, the workers haven't enough money to buy the products produced machine now enables her to inspect 27,000 needles an hour-nine times by the factories to which they ship their coaL as many. We could take this one industry and show what can be done to A magnetic crane to-day handles more iron than could be carried and stabilize employment and make the business profitable. If ther e are loaded by 60 men. A mechanical conveyor or a spiral chute now laws that stand in the way of this, I am sure Congress would amend used for shiploading in a certain plant enables 4 men to do as much them. as 100 did with trucks loaded and pushed by band. I could continue My job as Secretary of Labor was created to "foster, promote, and indefinitely with figures of this sort, but the time allotted to me on develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States, to improve the radio will not permit. their working conditions, and to advance their opportunities for profit­ These fi gures mean that unless consumption keeps up with industrial able employment." Nine years ago I advocated the principle of the efficiency and modern equipment fewer men will find employment. "saving wage." Certain people opposed it. Now practically all are in The fact that during these nine years we have reabsorbed so many of accord that our factories can not run and there will be no consuming these displaced workers is proof of the wonderful strength of our power to keep the machines moving unless the man who operates the country. machine receives a good wage. We are doing all we can to handle unemployment. We have a We can not "robotize" .America, because we must remember that the United States Employment Service, but it has been difficult to get machine does not eat or sleep. It does nothing but produce. It con­ sumes nothing but a little oil. We must watch out that with our effi­ funds for it. However, we are getting an increase of $168,000- ciency and modern management we keep control of the machine. If the $100,000 to be used for specialized employment service for ex-service machine ever controls us, civilization is gone. men, and $55,000 for extensions of the farm-labor division. The crash in the New York stock market affected business. We are The total appropriation for tbis employment service, including tbis most fortunate that when this crash did occur President Hoover was at increase, is only $385,000. Of course, it depends on appropriations the bead of the Government. Many people were saying, " Let things go by Congress from year to year. It ought to be encouraged and ex­ to the bottom," but the President wasn't built that way. Yet even tended and bills for that purpose have been introduced in Congress. President Hoover could not avert a certain pinch in employment. In Some of them should be modified in some respects, and then passed. fact, it had been coming on for some time. The States, of course, should operate employment offices in connec­ The employment index compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics tion with this Federal service. And this should be done outside of showed the peak of employment for the year to have been reached in politics. The employment problem should never be the football of September, 1929. In October there was a decrease of about 1 per cent politics. We can not anticipate unemployment. When it comes, ap­ in the number employed; in November there was a decrease of 3.5 per propriations mean but little. As I said in my letter to the Senate cent; in December a decrease of approximately 3 per cent. Then re­ committee concerning the proposal to appropriate $150,000,000 to re­ turns collected weekly by the bureau showed that between December 16 lieve unemployment emergencies by immediately stimulating Federal and December 23 there was a further drop of 1.5 per cent, and for the construction programs : week ending December 30 a still further drop of 4. 7 per cent. Then the "The appropriation authorized to relieve unemployment during de­ tide turned, and the week of J"anuary 6 showed an increase in number pressions is a mere drop in the bucket. Suppose we had a recurrence on the pay roll of 3.4 per cent, the following week an increase of 3.3 of the conditions of 1921, with practically 6,000,000 people dropped per cent, and the week of J"anuary 20 an increase of 0.5 per cent, while from the pay rolls in one year. In the building trades this $150,000,000 the week of J"anuary 27 showed a slight increase of 0.3 per cent. would furnish but 15,000,000 days' work, or 60 days' work to 250,000 We can thank President Hoover for calling the conference of business men, in round numbers." men and labor leaders. We can thank him for getting employers and When you come down to it, the best employment agency is the em­ workers to agree that there shall be no reduction in wages during this ployer himself. If our employers really put their minds down on it, time. It is surprising and gratifying to me to note the number who there would be no employment problem. If we put as much thought on have kept their promise with the President. The fact tha t only a very employment as we do on installing new machinery, there would be Jittle few violated their agreement shows that we have great r espect for our or no. unemployment. Chief Executive. The first good effect was that there has been no I believe we are coming to that. But it will take time, and unemploy­ general change in wages, because wages constitute the buying power of ment must be handled now-=-right now. Shall we have a Federal em­ the Nation. We have all learned that, although with some employers ployment service, or create Federal agencies in certain States that will it was heresy when I began to advocate that in 1921 when I assumed establish employment agencies? It is too serious a matter to handle office as Secretary of Labor. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4073 Representatives of labor are appearing before Congress and are writ­ Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Speaker, I had intended to consume ing letters urging Congress to pass a tariff bill. If we can get a tariff this time making some remarks relative to the Federal purchase bill that will protect American industry it will relieve much of this of the home of Washington at Mount Vernon, but other matters unemployment. We can not expect the American business man to make have attracted my attention to which I shall address myself, plans for future development and proceed with them until he knows and I ask unanimous consent that I may print in the RECORD definitely where he will be in the matter of protection when the tariff my remarks on securing Mount Vernon by the Federal Govern­ bill is eventually passed. When this bill is passed the business man ment, and to print a copy of the bill which I am introducing will be wise if he will see to it that after a reasonable profit to him­ to-day. self the profit that remains goes into the pay envelopes of the workers. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the request After all, the workers buy what they produce, and if there is no buying of the gentleman from Massachusetts? power there will be no productiop.. There was no objection. It is a good thing that in our country we have some one in nearly Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Speaker, I am to-day introducing a all our families who works, even though many are working only part bill the purpose of which is for the Federal Government eventu­ time. It is especially fortunate at times like this. We have all sorts ally to secure control of the property known as Mount Vernon, of suggestions for the cure of unemployment, but the man who is look­ where the Father of Our Country spent a portion of his life and ing for a job is concerned only with finding one for himself. Senator where his body lies entombed. I realize that probably at the CouzENS has said that men ought to be employed on a salary f(}r the present time neither Congress no1· the general public is especially whole year and not be at the mercy of uncertain employment. He said anxious for this change of ownership. Personally, however, I that in that case employers would soon see to it that employment was feel very strongly that it should be done, and I am making these steady. remarks in order that the subject matter may be before the Others offer an employment insurance, shorter work days, and fewer people for their consideration, particularly in view of the fact. days per week. What the people want is employment. And this can that great preparations are already under way for the celebra­ not be assured until industry has been stabilized and until we stop try­ tion of the two hundredth anniversary of Washington's ·birth ing to produce all the goods we need in a year in the first few months in 1932. of the year. We must learn to spread production over the entire year, To-morrow is the one hundred and ninety-eighth anniversary as has already been done in some of the larger industries. This would of his birth. There could be no more suitable time to take up give steady employment the whole year through. the subject of Federal acquisition of Washington's home and Machines and efficiency are not all we want. We must also have some burial place than on the anniversary of his birth. humanity in the hearts of our employers when they are putting in these For about 45 years the question of the ownership of Mount new methods and machines. Officials of the employment service of the Vernon by a private corporation has been discussed and debated Government tell me that in one section of the country some employers periodically throughout the country. Washington is becoming are clamoring for more immigrants to come across the border to work more and more the Mecca for visitors. No citizen can visit our for 20 cents an hour. In another 'Section of the country where the Capital without a thrill of pride and patriotism. Perhaps the industries are already overcrowded and they can furnish but six months' greatest surprise and shock the visitor experien~es is when he work a year they are also crying for more immigrants to come across learns that Mount Vernon is closed on Sundays and that on the border. week days an admission fee is charged. The meaning of this is alien replacing alien ; aliens replacing aliens Before discussing the me1its of Government ownership of who are now citizens ; aliens replacing the native born-all competing Mount Vernon, allow me to refer briefly to its history. I do for work. not need to speak of its occupancy by General Washington, his Let me say that low wages and large population never made a love and reverence for it, his death and burial there, and the country. If that were so, China, with her 400,000,00(), would be a pros­ natural beauty of its surroundings. These facts are well known perous country; India, with her 300,000,000, would be a prosperous to every school boy and gil'l. country; Russia, with her 140,000,000 and a new economic system, Mount Vernon was a part of that tract known in Virginian would be a prosperous country. The millions who are waiting in for­ history as the Northern Neck and was part of a grant from eign lands to come to America want to come here because it is to their Charles II to Lord Culpeper. Mount Vernon first came into the economic advantage to do so. Trust them to spot which country is Washington family by g-rant from Lord Culpeper to the immi­ prosperous ! grant, John Washington, in 1674. Thus the Washingtons derived Living conditions are better here. Wages are higher. If it were to title direct from the grantee of the Crown. their economic advantage to go to China or these other countries there The Mount Vernon property had 10 owners in 6 generations would be no clamor at the gates of America. of the Washington family, covering a period of exactly two centuries of ownership following the coming of John Washing­ We must be on the alert. We must watch ourselves with this ever­ ton. Thus, in 1850, the property came into the hands of John growing population. We must realize that history will repeat itself A. Washington. here as it has done in other countries. Where there are two men for Both the United States and the State of Virginia had the every job the standard of living is doomed. The people lose their chance to become the owner of Mount Vernon while it still be­ buying power. And when the 45,000,000 here who are gainfully em­ longed to the Washington family. John A. Washington, the ployed lose their purchasing power, Mr. Big Business Man is gone; elder, in a codicil to his will, July 8, 1830, provided for the Mr. Manufacturer is gone; Mr. Merchant is gone. Dividends for the disposal of the place to the United States, should the Congress stockholder will be small, if any. desire to possess it. Nothing came of this proposal. But we are looking for better things. The wisdom of our President In 1846 Congress was memorialized to purchase Mount and the fine cooperation from the business, labor, and financial leaders Vernon. The memorial was signed by the Vice President, the of the country in the recent conferences assure us that a way will be Speaker of the House, and various other high officials of the found to restore confidence and good times. Attention bas been focused Government as well as the mayors of Washington and George­ on this problem of unemployment. As one leader expressed it, "Un­ town. Nothing came of this effort. employment is the last blot on our system." Now that we are aroused In 1853 Governor Johnson, of Virginia, transmitted to the to the blot, I am confident that the genius of this country will rise general assembly of the State an urgent recommendation that to wipe it out. the State of Virginia purchase the property from its owner. We have 45,000,000 people gainfully employed in our country, The committee to which the recommendation was referred was 25,000,000 o! whom are employed on a daily wage. When we have unable to make terms with the owner, and the matter was more than 3,000,000 of our workers out of a job, like we had immedi­ dropped. ately following the recent financial crash, it is a shock to our country. In 1853 Miss .Ann Pamela Cunningham, of South Carolina, Let us be thankful that we are getting back on our feet again. Let a helpless invalid, organized the Mount Vernon Ladies' Associa­ us hope that we are well on our way to a speedy recovery. tion of the Union for the purpose of acquiring, restoring, and LEA.VE TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE caring for the home and burial place of General Washington. Mr. LANKFORD of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous This organization was conceived by Miss Cunningham purely in consent that I be allowed five minutes this morning after the a spirit of patriotism. Through the efforts of this organization, regular order and special orders to address the House. inspired by the zeal of Miss Cunningham, the purchase of The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Virginia Mount Vernon was consummated under charters granted by the State of Virginia. asks unanimous consent to address the House for five minutes From that time until now the Mount Vernon Ladies' Associa­ .after the special orders. Is there objection? tion of the Union, a self-perpetuating body, has owned the There was no objection. property and conducted its affairs. I have nothing but praise ACQUISITION OF MOUNT VERNON BY THE UNITED STATES for the--wonderful work of these women, nor have I any crit­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the special order, the icism to make of the fact that the Ol'ganization is responsible to gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. TREADWAY] is recognized no one for the money collected from visitors to Mount Vernon, for 25 minutes. amounting now to about $100,000 a year. 4074 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2f It is, of course, assumed that their accounts are properly Sabbath it would seem to an ordinary layman that next to audited and that members of the association do not personally church attendance a visit to the home and tomb of Washington benefit from such receipts. If they should, however, it would would be more of an inspiration to the younger generation than be perfectly right and proper in view of the fact that they are any other use to which a part of the Sabbath could be put. the rightful owners of the property and may do with it as they So far as an admission charge is concerned, the amount to the see fit. individual visitor is of very little consequence, but the principle Messrs. Thomas Nelson Page and Charles Moore have both is everything. written accounts ·of the stewardship of the Mount Vernon Ladies' I hope that on the anniversary of Washington's birth in 1932 Association and are most laudatory in their praise of the man­ that the new highway to Mount Vernon will be completed and agement of the property by the association. will be dedicated as a part of the ceremonies on that occasion. I want now, however, to suggest that the work of the organi­ How greatly would the feeling of respect and reverence for the zation having been so well accomplished, it proceed to perform memory of Washington be enhanced were it possible at that a still more worthy purpose by turning over the actual owner­ time to visit the home of George and Martha Washington and ship of Mount Vernon to the Federal Government, where, in my their tombs, knowing them to be the property of the Govern­ opinion, it belongs. In proposing this it is my thought that the ment. Every Government vessel passing Mount Vernon offers a association should continue to exercise such managerial author­ salute. It seems somewhat out of place that that respect should ity as may be mutually agreeable to it and to the Government. be shown to something located on private property. This feel­ Let us now consider the reasons why this appeal is made to ing is increased when one realizes that if the boat should land the association to manifest its patriotism in the manner I have at Mount Vernon a charge would be made for the passengers to indicated. In discussing this matter with various persons, in­ enter the place. cluding Members of this House, the suggestion is frequently met I am not urging immediate action on this proposition, realiz­ "with the statement that the Government had its opportunity ing, as stated before, that it evidently does not impress an the to become the owner of Mount Vernon and failed to take advan­ people as it does me, but I am glad to lay the details I have tage of it. That is true; but there has been no such opportunity before Congress for its consideration when public interest is in the last 75 years, and that is a long time for a person, a State, _sufficiently aroused to call for action. or a Government to be held responsible for a certain attitude. A bill to provide for the acquisition by the United States of Mount Many reasons may be surmised as to why Congress at that time Vernon, the home of George Washington failed in its duty. In the first place, the opportunity occurred so soon after the Be it enacted, etc., That the Director of Public Buildings and Public death of Washington, that reverence for his name had not become Parks of the National Capital, on behalf of the United States, is au­ so indelibly impressed upon the people. Furthermore, at that time thorized and directed to negotiate with the Mount Vernon Ladies' Asso­ the Government bad not inaugurated the policy of preserving ciation of the Union, a corporation organized under the laws of Virginia, places of historical interest. A further reason may have been with a view to securing the interest of such association 1n the estate the financial consideration. Either of these reasons may have known as Mount Vernon (the home of George Washington), including accounted for the lack of interest on the part of Congress during the land, buildings, structures, improvements, furnishings, and equip­ the early days. ment. The director shall not accept title to such property on behalf Let us consider the conditions as they exist in 1930. For of the United States under this section unless the limitations upon the many years Congress has been establishing memorials and public power of such association contained in the charter thereof to alienate parks, and until recently these have been obtained only through such property are released, and the director is authorized and directed to persistent efforts. Take as illustrations the Government owner­ take such action as may be necessary to secure tbe release of sucb limita­ ship of our national parks, the Appalachian Mountains, the new tions by the properly constituted authorities of the State of Virginia. park through the Shenandoah Valley, and many others. Even SEC. 2. In tbe event that the director is unable to purchase the prop­ in far-away Alaska · we have made a national park at Mount erty of tbe association at a reasonable price, or to secure the release McKinley. of such limitations in the charter, he is authorized and directed to Then we have the national military parks. There is the Get­ condemn such property in the manner provided by law. tysburg National Military Park, memorializing the Battle of SEC. 3. The property acquired under the provisions of this act shall Gettysburg; the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Mili­ be preserved and maintained as a public national memorial to George tary Park, on the site of the famous battle fought there, and Washington. The grand council of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Associa­ the Shiloh National Military Park. Also, there is Fort Wood, on tion of the Union in office at the time of the acquisition of such property which stands the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. by the United States shall, with the consent of the association, and During recent years Congress has more and more come to a under regulations prescribed by the director for the proper maintenance realization of the fact that places having directly to do with of the property and for the enjoyment of its use by the people of the our history should be preserved and ownership placed in the United States, continue to manage such property for a period of 10 Government. years after such acquisition. But let us refer particularly to projects in memory of George SEC. 4. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be Washington. Two years ago Congress authorized an appropria­ necessary to cariy out the provisions of this act. tion of $4,500,000 to build a new memorial boulevard from THE ADMINISTRATION .AND-UNEMPLOYMENT Washington to Mount Vernon. The contract for this road is in process of being awarded. Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Speaker, I desire to use the time al­ Within a month legislation has passed this House for the re­ lotted to me to refer to an address delivered a few days ago in storation and preservation of the birthplace of Washington at the House by the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. BYRNS], Wakefield. One of the arguments for having this property which, in a way, is supplemented by a special article recently owned by the Federal Government was that this would obviate appearing in a Boston paper. the possibility of an admission fee being charged to visit the Let me preface my remarks by quotations from the address place. Another bill has recently been passed by the House au­ of the gentleman from Tennessee. On page 3875 be says, re­ thorizing a memorial parkway and boulevards on both sides of ferring to me : the Potomac from Mount Vernon to Great Falls, and in that • • He sought to criticize certain distinguished and outstand- bill an amendment was inserted requiring a free bridge, owned ing Republicans in the body at the other end of the Capitol because by the G<>vernment, across the river at Great Falls. they bad had the courage to express their dissatisfaction with the The Washington Boulevard will thus extend from Great indefensible tariff bill which be and his Republican colleagues on the Falls to the gate at Mount Vernon, every bit of it owned by the Ways and Means Committee prepared • • •. Government, to be freely used by its citizens. I can conceive of I wonder just what the gentleman meant when be spoke of nothing more incongruous than ~o have one of these wonderful memorials to the memory of Washington, starting almost at the certain " distinguished and outstanding Republicans " at the base of the Washington Monument itself in the city of Wash­ other end of the Capitol. If he refers to these Republicans as ington, terminate at the gate of Mount Vernon, where access to distinguished for their lack of loyalty to the party organiza­ that hallowed ground is barred except upon the payment of an tion, and if "outstanding" m~ans standing away from Repub­ admission fee. lican doctrines and principles I agree with him. If his defini­ We are spending millions of dollars on memorials to Wash­ tion means that they are entitled to praise and distinction for ington, all built and owned by the Government, but the one their conduct, I do not agree with him. place where his memory is enshrined is not Government Continuing, be devotes a large portion of his address to the property. subject of unemployment, and then uses these words: Perhaps in 1856 any form of Sunday occupation or pleasure, There is a rising tide of resentment against the present national other than church attendance was frowned upon, but there has administration. due in large degree to the serious economic situation. been a marked change in this respect, whether for better or I believe that in large part this resentment is caused, not because the worse it is not for me tQ say. Rather than a desecration of~ admiDiBtration has done nothing about it, but ~use of its 1ndi1fer- 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4075

ence to the seriousness of the situation, the attempt to dismiss it with Mr. GAR~ER. Will the gentleman yield? a gesture, a contemptuous wave of the hand. Mr. TREADWAY. I prefer to finish my remarks, but I will Mr. BYRNS also says: yield now. Mr. GARNER. I want to refer back to what the gentleman The Republican Party which is in control of every branch of our said-! thought the gentleman was going to discuss the person­ Government can not now disclaim responsibility for present conditions. nel of the Senate with reference to their outstanding Repub­ In other words, the gentleman from Tennessee asserts that licanism. Did the gentleman read in the Washington Post this the President was indifferent to existing conditions and has at morning a story by Mr. Bargeron, of the Kansas City Star, in no time endeavored to improve them. Let us summarize a few . which he says that the President approves of the action of of the accomplishments of President Hoover since he became these distinguished oustanding Republicans? Secretary of Commerce and also during his one year as Presi­ Mr. TREADWAY. We read many things with a smile, dent. knowing they are not authentic. It is impossible to review all of his actions and recommenda­ Mr. GARNER. This seems to be an authentic story by a tions, because they are too numerous and too far-reaching, but gentleman who had lunch with the President. any listing should include : Mr. TREADWAY. I am not at all certain that it was First. The work of the national committees appointed by him authentic, accurate, or true. on waste in industry, business cycles, recent economic changes, Mr. BYRNS. Will the gentleman yield? and wood utilization. Mr. TREADWAY. I will yield to the gentleman. Second. The creation of a more prompt, accurate, and com­ Mr. BYRNS. I presume that the gentleman, by the statement plete collection of business statistics, to fhe end that the whole he has just made, is trying to show that the President as Secre­ country will be informed as to trends. This work has extended tary of Commerce was mainly instrumental in creating the through every field, but perhaps the outsta,nding examples are prosperity that followed after the war in the previous adminis­ the survey of current business and the' 1930 census, which for tration. I want to ask, if that be so, with his additional power the first time in history will include a census of distribution and as President, why he has not been able to continue it? a census of employment. Mr. TREADWAY. Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will get Third. Encouragement to the legitimate development of trade me time to elaborate on my remarks, I intend fully to cover the associations for the purpose of enabling each industry to recog­ economic conditions. It is just a question of how much I am nize its own problems and cooperate in solving those problems. interrupted whether or not I shall be able to reach what I am Fourth. Similar encouragement to the growth of regional asso­ trying to bring out. Of course, I do not mean to be discour­ ciations to cope with local problems. The best example of this teous at any time. is the New England council, whose inception was stimulated by Mr. BYRNS. I hope the gentleman will get all the time that President Hoover while Secretary of Commerce, and whose he desires. beneficial results include: Mr. TREADWAY. I appreciate that. ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE NEW ENGLAND COUNCIL In these and a thousand other ways President Hoover has (1) Was formed in November, 1925; consists of 72 men, rep­ led the economic thought of the country for the past eight years resenting agricultural, commercial, and industxial interests of in recognition of the evils of the 1·ecurrent business slump and the six New England States. the measures that must be adopted to reduce the extremes of (2) In connection with Vermont flood, fall of 1927, reestab­ business cycles. lished credit for relief of flooded area, with immediate subscrip­ We have gone far along the right lines. General prosperity, tion of a million dollars to aid stricken area. employment, and high wages have never been so in evidence in (3) Creation of New England governors railroad committee, any country at any time as in the United States in 1929. We now working on analysis of the region's transportation require­ are getting closer all the while to the ideal of abolition of ments for determination of best method of consolidation plan poverty. for New England. Yet setbacks do come. Plan against them as we will, we have ( 4) Cooperated with power interests of New England to ex­ not been able to set up the machinery to avoid them altogether; tend power interconnections between industrial centers and 1924 showed a dip of considerable proportions, 1927 one of less power service into rural districts. significance, and in the latter part of 1929 appeared another, ( 5) Set up a study of current banking services for promoting from which we are now recovering. closer relation between banks and industry. Now, the statement has been made that President Hoover did (6) Efforts to promote business stabilization in response to not meet the situation in November with constructive efforts. President's national business survey conference by stimulating Let us examine that statement. cooperation of manufacturers and communities to maintain em- In the first place, he secured the promise of important indus­ ployment a,nd normal business activity. · trial leaders that there will be no cut in wages, and this promise (7) Stimulating community development whereby 67 local has been generally adhered to. • chambers of commerce have established industrial development In the second place he obtained from labor leaders the assur­ committees or bureaus, in which New England railroads and ance that no effort will be made during the unsettled state of public utility companies have heartily cooperated. Over 40 business to make demands for higher wages. individual communities have been stimulated to make surveys Thirdly, he investigated the construction industry and found of their economic life. that the railroads, public utilities, States and municipalities, and (8) In the field of recreation the council distributes 125 000 others have, in their stated programs of construction, shown that copies of f!: directory of recreational literature to prospective there will be a larger volume of building in 1930 than in 1929, vacationists throughout the country. thus giving direct evidence of a positive factor in business (9) Has contributed to progress and stabilization of New progress. In this connection he organized in the Department of England agriculture, with establishment of bureaus of markets Commerce a unit on public construction which reports that- in each State and setting up of official grades and standards for Governors <>f States indicate a State and local public works construc­ marketing ff!:rm products under authorized labels. tion program amounting to more than $3,100,000,000 for the year 1930. Fifth. The building up of the export trade of the United Federal Government work (excluding Federal highway aid, in order States from $3,832,000,000 in 1922 to $5,241,000,000 in 1929. to avoid duplication) will amount at least to $275,000,000 more. Sixth. The simplified-practice program, which has saved more The railways and other privately owned utilities have undertaken than $300,000,000 a year. capital expenditure programs amounting to $3,250,000,000. The electric Seventh. The elimination of waste in industry campaign power industry alone is spending more than $400,000,000 for maintenance resulting in the saving of millions of dollars of preventable of existing plant. The total of these items, amounting to more than waste. $7,000,000,000 constitutes a record for peace times. Eighth. The encouragement of industrial, economic, and tech­ Construction contracts for public works and utilities for a limited nical research finding its most marked expression in the crea­ area, and covering certain limited types .of work, amounted to $112,- tion of a fund of $10;000,000 for technical research. 000,000 in January, the highest total for this month, more than twice Ninth. The creation of the Federal Farm Board to deal with as much as during December, 1929, and 68 per cent ahead of January. the problems of agriculture. Fourthly, he called a general conference of business leaders in Tenth. The call on Congress for passage of adjusting and order that the country may hear from the lips of representatives protective-tariff legislation. of each branch of industry just what the situation and outlook Eleventh. The advocacy of construction as a balance wheel was in each line of trade. These statements created confidence for industry, in order to maintain business activity and in other producers, dealers, and consumers, and confidence is a employment. . . major cure for economic ills. And still the gentleman from Tennessee tells this House in Mr. GARNER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield for a his able manner that the President has waved away everything question? with a mere gesture! Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. 4076 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2f Mr. GARNER. In the early portion of 1929 the gentleman their sense of values through the continuous rise and daily from Massachusetts was making a speech on the floor of the reports of huge paper profits. House and also questioning witnesses before the Committee on An inflation of this kind is exactly the same as a boom in Ways and Means, and I remember very well his recitation of real estate, the only difference being that the number of per­ the condition existing in Massachusetts with reference to in­ sons involved is much larger. I happened to know something dustry and his claim that an additional protection should be of the real-estate boom a few years ago in Florida. Prices given in order to take care of that situation. went away beyond any possible actual value. The crash was Mr. TREADWAY. Which protection we still need. sure to come, exactly as it did in Wall Street. What is the Mr. GARNER. Existing in the early part of 1929. result? Florida is now getting back to normalcy. Its great 1\fr. TREADWAY. We still need that protection. I am refer­ crops will continue to be fruits, vegetables, and tourists, and ring to the country as a whole. I can explain conditions in not the price of sand mounds. Massachusetts very satisfactorily to myself, though probably Mr. GREEN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? not to the satisfaction of the gentleman from Texas, a little Mr. TREADWAY. There are four of you gentlemen here later, because I have the very latest telegraphic information from from Florida, and are the other three also ready to ask Massachusetts, which I intend to offer him if time is given, questions? which I understand the gentleman from Tennessee will help me Mr. GREEN. I hope so. I rise to say to my colleague that secure. in addition to these sand dunes in our State we have some of Mr. HOWARD. And I also will be very glad to help the the most fertile soil in the United States. gentleman. Mr. TREADWAY. I recognize the correction, but neverthe­ Mr. COLLIER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? less I think that sand predominates. Of course, it is not all Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. dry, however; there is a chance to wet it in many places. Mr. COLLIER. My colleague seems to have studied this [Laughter.] question very much, and in view of the statements made in the Let me illustrate the business condition resulting from the fall of 1928 by both the President of the United States and the break in Wall Street by a story which I recently heard and gentleman who was subsequently elected President of the United which I regard as very probable: States in respect to the unequaled prosperity the country was Two men were comparing notes. One told of the great profits enjoying and would continue to enjoy, will the gentleman please he had made on paper. His friend asked: state why this awful condition took place and what it was that "What are you going to do with the money you are making?" brought it about? His reply was : Mr. TREADWAY. Oh, I am going to do that; but just give " Buy a better automobile, buy my wife a piano and a fur me time. Our friends on the Democratic side seem very anx­ coat, enlarge our house, and spend money very much more freely ious. I presume their brains are so fertile with inquiries that in every way than we have heretofore been able to do." they do not want to let me reach the ,subjects in an orderly Shortly afi:er the crash the friend met him again and in­ way, but would anticipate them. I appreciate the fact that quired if he had realized his profits. He replied that he had they are seeing ahead to what I want to say, but give me time not, but that he was about even with his investments. and we will try to get there. "What about the things you expected to buy?" Mr. COLLIER. I shall try to help the gentleman all I can. He answered : Mr. TREADWAY. I thank the gentleman; that is fine. "This, of course, I have not been able to do; we have no piano Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, the House has allowed me some or new automobile or new fur coat, and we are economizing time this morning, but I am perfectly willing to have the gentle­ more than we formerly did." man from Massachusetts have every moment of it. Multiply this situation by the thousands and you have the Mr. TREADWAY. Oh, I would not deprive the House of the explanation for such slowing up in employment as may have pleasure of hearing from my friend from Nebraska [Mr. How­ occurred during the past few months. It is, however, to the ARD], because we always enjoy his remarks and his original future that we must look, and the future of business, to my ideas. mind, very largely hinges upon the action of the " outstanding The newspaper article to which I referred earlier in my re­ and distinguished men " my friend from Tennessee refers to, marks is a very fair statement of existing conditions. If care­ inasmuch as they definitely control the possibility of the pas­ fully read it would be found to do justice to both branches of sage of a measure which will stabilize business and restore Congress. The heading, however, which catches the eye, reads, the confidence of the people. We will not have good times "A Do-nothing Congress." But in the article itself occurs this while this uncertainty as to the tariff exists, and if these men language: are as outstanding and distinguished as we are told they are, It is the Senate, rather than the House, that is responsible for the they can certainly perform a most patriotic and useful service deplorable situation_ Indeed, the responsibility should be placed on for the American people by returning to the principles of the that part of the Senate known as the coalition, the southern Democrats party to which in name they owe allegiance. I, for one, am as and western Republicans, who have usurped control of the legislative anxious to see agriculture prosper as any man in this House, machinery of the Government and have used it for their own purposes but with agriculture prospering I want the cotton, the woolen, with little or no thought of the needs of the country as a whole. the silk, the shoe, and the other manufacturing establishments Ever since last September the coalition has applied itself to the task of New England to give employment to the thousands of our of writing a tariff bill intended to be beneficial to agriculture, and, citizens in that section in order that they in turn may, through equally as truthful, detrimental to industry. Whether it has been suc­ fair wages and proper return for their labor, be able to purchase cessful can be determined by statements that have been made since it the agricultural and manufacturing products of our sister begin its task. Surely industry has not approved of its efforts, as has States. been evinced ever since last fall. In the circumstances it would seem I look to see common sense eventually prevail and a tariff that agriculture would be fairly well satisfied. Yet a group ot the bill passed which will in large measure do justice to all sec­ outstanding agricultural organizations have issned a formal statement tions of our country, as well as to those beyond our borders flaying the bill as unmercifully as any business organization has done. with whom we do business. I am confident that six months It is beginning to appear as though no tariff legislation at all will be will see a tremendous difference in the existing situation. My enacted, unless, at this late date, there is a llttle indication of sanity friend from Tennessee warns his Republican friends that dis­ In the Senate. aster awaits the Republican Party in the elections to be held This article to a large degree exonerates the House, so that next November. I am always delighted to have Democratic the title, "A Do-nothing Congress," should be modified and the prophesies of success in February, because they invariably lead blame placed exactly where it belongs. to Republican victories in November. This is the time of year The House is not a do-nothing House. It has carried out for the Democrats to whistle and make prophesies. November the wishes of the administration and has followed in a political is the time for Republicans to win elections. way the pledges made by the Republican Party to the people For the present, in view of the situation in the Senate and during the last campaign. the inability of the House to be properly occupied until the There is considerable unemployment. This condition the decks are cleared in the other branch, I heartily indorse the Democrats will endeavor to lay at the door of the administra­ suggestion which has been made that this body stand in recess tion, whereas such a charge is untenable. Frequent references for 3-day periods until such time as some business of impor­ have been made to the financial crash last autumn. Instead tance can be brought before us. of criticizing the President in connection therewith, he should Mr. ROMJUE1 Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? be praised for his prompt efforts to restore economic stability. Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. Human nature was the chief factor in the sudden break in the Mr. ROMJUE. How about the election in Massachusetts this stock market. For a long time stock prices had been going up February? until they had reached the point where they far exceeded the Mr. TREADWAY. Oh, we have discussed the election in intrinsic values of the. stocks themselves. Men and w-orn~ lgst Massachusetts until there is nothing left to the subject. I am 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4077 willing to repeat the speech I made a few days ago, if the gen­ Mr. McCORMACK of Massachusetts. The gentleman said tleman has not read it. something about "the tremendous exaggeration that is being In view of the picture of general business conditions painted carried on by our Democratic friends and certain others." Are by the gentleman from Tennessee, I have made inquiries of the the " certain others " he referred to the thousands and thou­ largest employers of labor in my district, where the:.;e a:e paper sands of people in Massachusetts who are out of employment, mills, tool factories, print works, cotton and woolen mills, and or what others? a general diversity of industry. . . Mr. TREADWAY. I could not properly, under the rules of The replies indicate that certain kinds of busmess are gomg the House, make personal references to gentleman at the other ahead at full speed. In some of the communities employment is end of the corridor, I want to read to you the newspaper very good. Large paper mills report employing more hands extracts that came from Worcester. I see my colleague from than at any time during the past two years. While one paper Worcester [Mr. STOBBS] before me. Probably he would bear out mill is emp_!_oying fewer persons, their production is as large as the statement made in this article. It says: ever, due to improved machinery. NO PARADE OF UNEMPLOYED IN WORCESTER-oNLY .ABOUT 33 ASSEMBLE IN The great~st amount of unemployment is i:o the textile ANSWER TO CALL FOR DEMONSTRATION, SO IT IS CALLED OFF industry. WORCESTER, February 19.-A parade, planned from Belmont Hall to The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time of the genueman from city hall yesterday afternoon under the direction of the Council of Massachusetts has expired. Unemployed Workers, affiliated with the Trade Union Unity League, was Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that called off by the leaders about 2 o'clock because there were not enough the gentleman from Massachusetts be permitted to speak for "unemployed" on band to make a demonstration worth while. quite a while yet. The east side of the city was :flooded early in the day with handbills, Mr. TREADWAY. Oh, let us make it definite. . calling on the " unemployed " to assemble at Belmont Hall for the Mr. BYRNS. I ask unanimous consent that his time be ex­ parade. tended for 15 minutes. At the time scheduled for the parade to start there were only 16 men Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, reserving the in the hall, and there were more uniformed police officers present than right to object to the request of the gentleman from Nebraska, that, because orders had been given to break up the parade, which had may I ask if it is the plan of the gentleman from Nebraska been planned without the formality of obtaining a permit. that proceeding further along these lines will lose more votes Officers were detailed to city hall early in the afternoon to prevent for the tariff bill? any demonstration, and the officers attending the police school in the Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, I reply to my friend from State armory were held in reserve in case their services were needed. South Dakota by saying I am not vitally. int~rested ~n the Chief of Police Thomas F. Foley took charge of the situation, but tariff bill. I do not know what kind of a ta,riff bill we Will_ get. after waiting around a couple of hours, 30 men and 3 women, who had I am vitally interested in having the Senat.e_ enac~ some legisla­ by then assembled in the hall, decided to abandon the parade, and they tion along the lines of a tariff bill that Will be JUSt as remote listened to an address by Max Lerner, an officer of the Communist from the plans of the legislation which this House enacted as League of Worcester. possible. The meeting in Belmont Hall was the fourth held there during the Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. I shall not object, as I am past few days to discuss the subject of unemployment, and the 33 in hearty sympathy with the idea of gtying.the gentleman fro.m assembled yesterday afternoon is said to be the biggest attendance of the Massachusetts more time, because I thmk m that way :we ~111 series. be more enabled to consolidate our forces along certam lmes There was a great effort made to get up a parade of unem­ that will make for a better tariff bill. . . ployed on February 18, and they actually got in line at the Mr. HOWARD. And m!!Y I add that I am particularly mter­ place they were to start 33 persons. That does not look like ested in the remarks of the gentleman from M~ss~chusetts be­ scenes in the old days, :when the soup kitchens were opened and cause I am always an optimist and ~ever !"- pes~1m1st, and I be­ people lined up to get their dole of soup from the charitable lieve that if we will give hi:J!l sufficient time, m Nove~ber we institutions of the cities. They got only 33 persons who were. will see the same results from the country that we Witnessed unemployed and who were wllling to parade. in Massachusetts during this present month of February. l\Ir. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. Mr. Speaker, will the The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the re­ gentleman yield? quest of the gentleman from Tennessee that the time of the Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. gentleman from Massachusetts be extended for 15 minutes? Mr. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. Is not the gentleman There was no objection. aware that in Boston about a week ago 1,500 men gathered in Mrs. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the Faneuil Hall and protested against unemployment? Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. · Mr. TREADWAY. I was speaking of an effort to have a Mrs. ROGERS. Does not the gentleman remember th~t the demonstration in Worcester. We want free expressions, and gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. BYRNS) forgot to ~enbon in Faneuil Hall has been used throughout our history for that his recent speech the extremely hard bmes we b~d m Massa­ purpose. chusetts in the latter part of 1913 and the early part of 1914 Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? under a Democratic administration? The people of Massachu­ Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. setts are too intelligent to want to return to Democratic rule. Mr. BANKHEAD. Are we to draw the conclusion that the A Democratic administration means the South in the saddle industries of that section, with the exception of the textile and hard times. [Applause on the Republican side.] industry, are on a good basis and on the upward trend? Mr. TREADWAY. Yes, I will say to my colleague from Mr. TREADWAY. They are on an upward trend, and I have Massachusetts· I expect to touch on that later. I appreciate statistics here to prove it. the courtesy of the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. BYRNS] in Mr. BANKHEAD. Then, if that is true, instead of there asking that my time be extended 15 minutes. being a necessity for further increases of the tariff schedules, The O'reatest amount of unemployment, as I said, is in the the dissatisfaction should be attributed to something else? textile industry. Fewer employees are at work in the cotton Mr. TREADWAY. We are speaking now of unemployment mills. This is due to increased production in the South, where and the desire to restore conditions. The present condition is lower wages and longer hours of work obtain. Changes in the result of the tremendous stock-market crash of last fall. styles quantity, and weight of clothing worn by women are also I did not own a share of stock on margin at the time of the xefiected in the output of the textile mills. stock-market crash, and I hope my friend from Alabama did The report from the State shows that there has been a notable not have any. But we do know that thousands and thousands increase in the volume of farm products, with consequent of men and women were endeavoring to get rich quickly on the increase in number of farm laborers. stock market. When the crash came the reaction was inevi­ This morning I received in my mail a clipping from a Massa­ table. Nobody is claiming that there is no unemployment. We chusetts newspaper in reference to an effort to exaggerate an claim that as the result of the crash in the stock market the unemployment parade in the city of Worcester, carried on by President of the United States brought forward constructive our Democratic friends and certain others, and the letter accom­ programs that have restored the confidence of the people, and panying this communication is of considerable interest. In it that as a result of that we are fast coming back to a normal the writer said: business condition. When we reach a normal condition we The inclosed clipping from our Springfield Union may interest you. will need to keep it there until the tariff is settled permanently After all their advertising, and after waiting more than two hours after and definitely. So far as the Hawley-Smoot bill is concerned, the time appointed for the parade while they sent out in all directions the hope is that it will be no longer delayed by the gentleman's to "dig them up," they finally succeeded in mustering 30 men and 3 party and a few members of our party in name only on the women. Doubtless not all of these were of the unemployed. Some of other end of the Capitol corridor. them were those who ore time went around to see what would happen. Mr. CHINDBLOM. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield 'l 4078 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2f Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. yiews in an executive bearing a few days ago, but that question Mr. CHINDBLOM. As a matter of fact, the reaction in the 1s not before us at this time. stock market was due very largely, was it not, to the excessive Mr. CONNERY. It is in reference to unemployment. optimism of the people, who evidently thought that there was ~r. TREADWAY. I prefer not to digress from my general no limit to Republican prosperity? [Applause.] subJect matter. M:r. TREADWAY. Yes. I am glad the gentleman brought Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. Will the gentleman yield? that out. Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. Mr. YON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. COCHRAN of Missouri. A few days ago I made a speech Mr. TREADWAY. Yes, I yield; but I hope the gentleman With reference to unemployment, and as a result I received a will make it snappy. 4-page letter from the Secretary of Labor and he specifically . Mr. YON. Did you not observe this, that the statements stated in that letter that he had no :figur~s on unemployment issued from the White House in the several years have had a and that he would not have any :figures until the census was tendency to increase that optimism? taken in April. Mr. TREADWAY. No. Every statement that came out of Mr. TREADWAY. That had reference to the census in the White House was honest, and in no sense were those state­ April, but the statement I make is as to present conditions. I ments made in the effort to inflate false values, whether in do not know what the statement was, but if the gentleman dis­ real estate or on the stock market in Wall Street. putes the accuracy of the figures I have given I can very well Mr. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. Will the gentleman yield substantiate them. The statement I refer to, and the one the further? gentleman from Tennessee referred to, appeared in a radio ad­ Mr. TREADWAY. Yes; but make it snappy. dress which Secretary Davis delivered and which will be printed Mr. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. This will be snappy. Is in to-morrow's RECORD. not the platform on which ex-Senator Butler has declared he is Mr. RANKIN. Will the gentleman yield? going to run again for Senator from Massachusetts based on the Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. proposition that he wants to restore prosperity to New England? Mr. RANKIN. I understood the gentleman to say he would Mr. TREADWAY. I do not care to indulge in a political like to discuss the question in which the gentleman from Massa­ debate here, but if I were to comm·ent in any way in answering chusetts [Mr. CoNNERY] and I are very much interested that my friend-and I certainly should not have referred to the of paying off the veterans' adjusted-compensation servic~ cer­ coming campaign in the State of Massachusetts if he had not tificates, but that he did not have the time. I will say to the brought up the question-! would say that the statement made gentleman from Massachusetts that if he would like to discuss by the gentleman to whom my colleague has referred was to that question I will be glad to help him get additional time for the effect that it was necessary for the Senate to have some that purpose. business men in that body and some men of common sense. I Mr. TREADWAY. I will say to the gentleman that I do not thoroughly agree with that statement. think that has a bearing on the question I am now discussing Mr. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. In other words, be wants but if the gentleman thinks so and he wants me to discuss it' another Senator like Senator W ALBH of Massachusetts. I will be glad to do so if I have the time. ' Mr. TREADWAY. I have no coml>laint to make about Sena­ Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman was discussing the unemploy­ tor WALSH. He knows it, and the gentleman from East Boston ment and depression which exists over the country. · knows it. Now, to return to the subject matter before us. The Mr. TREADWAY. But the gentleman will realize that I said gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. BYRNS] referred to the radio unemployment was less acute to-day than it was when the address of the Secretary of Labor, and I am very glad that Democratic Party was in power, and it is getting less and less permission has been given by the House to have that address acute every week. The percentage of unemployment is getting less printed in fulL I have read most of it, and I commend a from week to week, as I will show by figures of I can get to it. careful reading of it by the Members of the House. Mr. RANKIN. And it will be less acute when we come into The gentleman from Tennessee has called attention, and I power next year, but I am talking about these service certifi­ have referred to previously, to the unemployed of to-day. I cates just now. have already said we admit there is unemployment. We admit Mr. TREADWAY. I am just as much interested in the wel­ there are men out of work, but we are fortunate indeed that fare of the service men as the gentleman from Mississippi but following the terrific stock crash in New York we bave only let me proceed, and if I have time when I get through, then w~ can 3,000,000 unemployed, as estimated by Secretary Davis. Bear return to anything having to do with the service men's welfare. in mind that this is only 3,000,000 out of the great body of wage Mr. RANKIN. I will be glad to help the gentleman get more earners of the country, and it is expected that the census to be time. taken this year will show a total of 30,000,000 in the wage-earn­ Mr. TREADWAY. In collecting information concerning em­ ing classes in the United States at the present time. Will the ployment conditions, questionnaires are sent out by mail by gentleman from Tennessee go back to the time when his party the Bureau of Labor Statistics to thousands of employers ask­ relinquished the reins of government in 1921 and when the ing the number of employees on their pay rolls and the amount Bureau of Labor Statistics informed the Congress of the United of the pay rolls. Information of this character is gathered States that there were 5,735,000 workers off the pay rolls of the monthly. The questionnaires are sent North, South, East, and country? There were those at that time throughout the coun­ West. No questions are asked as to the politics of the officials try who estimated the number unemployed to be much greater to whom the questionnaires are sent. It is probable that every than that, but the figures of the Bureau of Labor Statistics of party is represented in the officials of these thousands of com­ the Department of Labor were accepted as reliable by the panies and there is no question as to the honesty of the officials economists and statisticians of the country. So the percentage as they report concerning employment. The figures are com­ of unemployment in 1921 was very much larger than it is to-day piled and published in an equally nonpartisan way. The and, as I have said, there were those at that time who estimated Bureau of Labor Statistics is a scientific and not a political that the number of unemployed was much greater than the fig­ bureau. Its findings are based on accurate information and ures I have quoted. However, these figures were compiled by presented without fear or favor. the statisticians of the Department of Labor. In that connec­ We have passed through the critical period which grew out tion I want to say that the head of the Bureau of Labor Statis­ of the war. I refer to the overdevelopment of our industries. tics in the Department of Labor is Mr. Ethelbert Stewart, who For instance, our mines can produce all the coal needed in a originally was appointed by Woodrow Wilson, and he has been year in 6 months' work ; boots and shoes in 6 months' work ; continued in offic~ from that time on, so it must be agreed that window glass in 17 weeks; textiles in 6 months ; steel in 8 the figures are accurate. In addition to that I will say that months. And so it is with many of our industries. the original statistician in the department when it was organ­ In this connection it is a wonderful record that we have been ized was probably a man best posted of . any in this country able to absorb this overproduction With no great financial along that line, and I refer to the late Hon. Carroll ~- Wright, trouble in the period that bas elapsed since the war. of Massachusetts. Furthermore, consolidations and changes in methods of pro­ Mr. CONNERY. Will the gentleman yield? duction are continually releasing men from employment. We Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. are also faced with :finding .employment for 2,000,000 boys and Mr. CONNERY. How does the gentleman feel as a member girls who are coming of work age every year, many of them of the Ways and Means Committee, and what is his reaction to from the agricultural districts, seeking employment in our the request that Congressman RANKIN and myself have made cities. Over 300,000 immigrants are entering our country every that the Committee on Ways and Means report out a bill to pay year, even with our restrictive system, and nearly all of them the soldiers' bonus in cash immediately as a means of relieving are looking for work. Tens of thousands of men a.re being unemployment. thrown out of employment by the modern machine. We have, Mr. TREADWAY. If we were here discussing that question, to a remarkable extent, reabsorbed them into our industries, I would be only too glad to give my views upon it. I st;at~ !IlY so that to-day the estimated unemployment is only half of what 1930 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE 4079 it was when the Democrats turned the Government over to us Mr. TREADWAY. Make it snappy and constructive. and we faced this great overdevelopment problem. Mr. ABERNETHY. I am very much interested to know when This statement can be very largely amplified, but I will not the gentleman can promise us good times ; at what date we are take the time to do it; but I will repeat, the country is healthy going to have good times? and prosperous, and this is largely due to the constructive pro­ Mr. TREADWAY. I have already explained why we do not gram of the present administration. [Applause.] have good times. We are anxious and waiting for good times. Mr. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. Will the gentleman yield I would rather see this House adjourn to-night and not meet right there? until the Senate passes the tariff bill and sends it to con­ Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. ference. That would be my vote on the matter ; but when it Mr. DOUGLASS of' Massachusetts. The gentleman has made comes to finding out when this can be done, let the gentleman the statement that there was more unemployment in the last. ask his Democratic colleagues and those who are voting with years of the Wilson administration than to-day in Massachu­ them in the other branch. setts. Has the gentleman any :figures on that? Mr. ABERNETHY. The trouble with us is that we are not Mr. TREADWAY. I said in the country at large. in power. You gentlemen have control of every branch of the Mr. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. Well, what is the situation Government. in Massachusetts? Does the gentleman maintain that in Massa­ Mr. TREADWAY. We do not claim the kind that now exists chusetts to-day there is less unemployment or more unemploy­ in the other branch. The Republican Party, under the leader­ ment than during the last years of the Wilson administration? ship of Herbert Hoover, is not in power in the Senate. Mr. TREADWAY. As I have said, I have telegraphic reports Mr. ABERNETHY. I can not talk about the other branch, from all the large industries in my own district and, aside from but the gentleman can. the textile replies, the conditions in western Massachusetts, Mr. TREADWAY. We are in power here, and we have done with which I am mo.re familiar than any other, are prosperous; our duty by the tariff and by the citizens of the country in the and, further than that, let me add a word to my friend. enactment of fair and constructive legislation. There is always a period of unemployment in New England Mr. ABERNETHY. I was hopeful that the gentleman could at this time of year. The gentleman knows that we have much give us some idea as to when these good times that the gen­ seasonal employment in New England. There is no section of tleman speaks of will come. the country where there is as much seasonal employment as Mr. TREADWAY. If the gentleman will give me the date there is in our New England country, and, therefore, there can when the tariff bill will go on the statute books, then I can be and invariably will be during the months of December, tell him when prosperity will come. January, and February large numbers of our people unem­ Mr. McCORMACK of Massachusetts. Will the gentleman ployed. One of the reasons for this is that one of th~ great yield? industries in my part of New England and in other sections as Mr; TREADWAY. Yes .. well is the care of summer tourists. It is like it is in Florida. Mr. McCORMACK of Massachusetts. Do I understand that It is the best crop we have, and of course there is not a bit the gentleman disclaims the progressive Members of the Senate of this travel at this time of the year. Consequently there f!re as members of the Republican Party? thousands Qf our people that at other times would be engaged Mr. TREADWAY. That matter has been rehashed so fre­ in caring for tourists who to-day are perhaps unemployed or quently, I guess we had better not agitate that question any have to migrate to the happy clime of our friend from Florida more to-day. They are not our kind of Republicans, at least. in order to secure employment. They are mighty good Republicans when it comes to wanting Mr. DOUGLASS of Massachusetts. Will the gentleman per­ votes out in the States that they come from. That is about the mit me to make a statement as to my district, inasmuch as best I can say for that group. the gentleman has referred to his? I want to say for the gen­ Mr. LOZIER. Will the gentleman yield for a question? tleman's benefit and for the benefit of the House that never Mr. TREADWAY. Yes; and this will be the last one. I in the history of my district has there been more unemployment can not yield any more. than exists to-day, and this has been true since the beginning Mr. LOZIER. Does not the gentleman know that out of of the Republican administration. 5,000,000 idle spindles four-fifths have been in New England? Mr. TREADWAY. That may be true, and, of course, my col­ Mr. TREADWAY. That is what I have been trying to ex­ league would not make any statement that he did not believe plain. There are two reasons for that--one is the lack of a to be true ; but if it is true let him get certain other gentlemen proper tariff and the other is competition in the South, where to push this tariff bill, so that we can reestablish industries the rates of pay are lower and capital investments are not com­ all through the eastern part of Massachusetts. In my section parable with those in New England. We are suffering to-day of Massachusetts we are not so much involved in the shoe in­ from sectional competition combined with a low tariff. dustry, but the gentleman knows that he and his colleagues The distinguished gentleman from Tennessee stated in his here have been before the Ways and Me~ns Committee and have spoken on the floor of this House as to the need, the abso­ address: lute necessity in the eastern section of the State, for improved What the Hoover administration ought to do about it or can do tariff legislation for the shoe industry; and have we got it or about it I do not pretend to know. are we likely to get it in the next few weeks? No. He repeated that statement again in his address. Mr. CONNERY. Will the gentleman yield there? Gentlemen, that statement is thoroughly characteristic of the Mr. TREADWAY. Yes. Democratic Party. They always know how to find fault with Mr. CONNERY. I know that every time my district is men­ conditions and with what the Republicans are trying to do, but tioned the gentleman immediately speaks of shoes, and this is on they never have anything to offer in a constructive way. account of Lynn, but does the gentleman know that the General President Hoover did know what to do. He called in the Electric Co., which has nothing to do with the shoe industry, is heads of great business and financial establishments of the laying off men? country and prominent labor representatives. The first thin~ Mr. TREADWAY. No; I do not know that. they agreed on was not to reduce wages, as had always been done Mr. CONNERY. Does the gentleman know that in his own in similar instances in the past, and to endeavor to keep up district, in Holyoke, the paper mills are only working 12 <}ays a employment as rapidly as possible. The country is basically month? healthy and prosperous. The Secretary of Commerce has said Mr. TREADWAY. I know that I have statistics from the that construction work to the extent of seven billions of dollars paper mills, and I will be very pleased to show them to the was in prospect for the spring. · gentleman; and further than that, I want to say that the Gen­ eral Electric plant is the largest employer in my district also, We have considerable unemployment in November, January, and I have statistics showing an increase in employment by and February every year. The seasonal workers are come into the General Electric Co. during the last few months. In the the great centers, and in the most prosperous times we could city of Pittsfield I do not think there have been on the pay rolls always have a parade of the unemployed during that period. of the General Electric Co. as many men and women as there We admit unemployment, as is pointed out by the statisticians of are to-day. The number of employees has increased from about the Government, but it is nothing like what we had when the 6,000 in 1927 to over 7,700 at the present time. Democrats turned the Government over to us in 1921. This is in Mr. CONNERY. In Lynn they are laying many of them off accordance with the statistics shown by the Department of Labor. and only working the others three days a week. Beginning with the middle of December the Bureau of Labor Mr. TREADWAY. Then they had better come to Pittsfield Statistics started collecting employment figures weekly in order and get work. to follow more closely the current fluctuations due not only to Mr. ABERNETHY. Will the gentleman yield for a construc­ the depression but also to the holiday ~eason and the custom tive question? of taking inventory and making repairs. LXXII--257 4080 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 These reports showed that for the week ending December 23, at large and through the constructive procedure which the gen­ there was a decrease of 1.5 per cent ; for the following week of tleman now occupying the White House bas pursued. December 30 there was a still further decrease of 4. 7 per cent. Let us return to normalcy as rapidly as possible and instead This downward trend was not unexpected, because the reports of trying to desh·oy industry by too much talk about the situa­ for previous years shows that there is usually a drop between tion on the floor from the destructive viewpoint, build it up by December and January. establishing confidence in the people, restoring conditions as With the beginning of the new year the trend turned upward. they were before the financial crash, and above all urge with The weeks ending .January 6 and 13 showed very substantial all our might the prompt passage of the Hawley tariff bill, gains, although the level of employment in early January was which when it emerges from conference will to my mind repre­ still below that of early December. The reports since January sent the consensus of opinion of the Reptlblican Party as sug­ 13 show a continuation of the upward trend, indicating that the gested in the platform and requested by our distinguished Presi­ course of employment up to the middle of February, 1930, is in dent. [Applause.] accord with the upward course that is usual in the same period The tables referred to herein follow : in previous years. Starting with December 30, 1929, there was an increase in Indicators bearing on the magnitude oJ the present recession in business employment during the first week, to January 6, of 3.4 per cent; Indus- Freight- Factory from January 6 to 13, 3.3' per cent; January 13 to 20, 0.5 per trial car Build- Auto- Steel- cent; January 20 to 27, 3 per cent; January 27 to February 3, pro- ing oon- mobile ingot em- due- load- tracts output output ploy- 3 per cent; or a total increase in employment from December 30 tion ings manti to February 3 of 7.4 per cent throughout the country. ------I will insert in my remarks a statistical table showing these Base average, 1923-1925.. ______100 100 100 100 100 100 percentages of increase and decrease in numbers on pay rolls, ------1922, average ____ ------85 88 81 66 84 90 with the percentage of changes in the valious industries which 1923, highest month ______107 99 109 117 119 1924, lowest month ______106 report to the Department of Labor. However, the last date 84 92 76 61 54 90~~ 1925, highest month ______112 110 148 134 124 available is to January 20, 1930. 1927, lowest month ______103~~ 99 100 94 40 90 95~ Since the conference called by President Hoover, it seems that 1928, average ______111 108 135 110 120 97 the Democratic Party has been trying to make matters worse. 1929, average_------118 110 117 135 131 100 1929, highest month ______126 114 159 184 147 103 Did we Republicans in 1921 simply talk about the depression 1929, December (lowest) ______99 100 77 35 87 95 1930, January 2 ______and do nothing to bring the cotmtry back to prosperity? No. 102 102 79 81 3105 93 We brought the country back to prosperity, and then talked 1929, January------117 109 100 118 125 97~ about unemployment. And if the gentlemen on the other side 1928, January_------105 100 104 71 115 94 of the House would think in terms of aiding our President in 1 The figures here given for factory employment are those computed by the Federal getting the unemployed back to work and thus help solve the Reserve Board from the original data of the Department of Labor with certain adjustments. The indexes represent employment during the week preceding the problems confronting us they could then talk about unemploy­ middle of the month, and not the average for the month as a whole. ment afterwards, as we did, they would be doing something 2 Certain figures are preliminary. • The weekly figures ofsteel-plaot activity, which correspond roughly to steel-ingot worth while to solve the unemployment situation. production, show a further increase during the current weeks of February. We have some unemployment, but with the President we now have in the White House I am confident we will soon Indicators of the business situation dtu-ing the year 1929 as a whole be bll.ck to normal business again. And all of you gentlemen (For the various index numbers, the average for 1923--1925 is taken as 100) across the aisle should be grateful that we have a man in the White House who has shown us the way we should follow. 1922 1928 1929 The gentleman from Tennessee in his speech said : Manufactures, quantity, index._ 87 111 119 There is a sort of grimness in the humor of a situation where a Steel ingots, production ______long tons .. corporation or employer graciously withholds reducing the pay 35,603,000 51,544,000 I 55, 200, 000 othe~r Automobiles and trucks, produc- of a man or woman who is not even on the pay roll tion ______long tons __ 2, 544,000 4, 359,000 5, 358,000 Minerals, quantity, index. ______74 106 115 This is far-fetched, because these employers were representing Crude petroleum, production plants that were in operation, and this promise safeguarded the ______barrels. _ 557, 531, 000 901, 474, 000 I 1, 006, 000, 000 many thousands at work. Coal, production ___ .short tons __ 476, 951, 000 576, 093, 000 601, 998, 000 Copper, smelter output from There are 45,000,000 men and women in this country who are domestic ore ______..short tons.• 475, 143 912,950 11,015,000 gainfully employed. Of these probably 30,000,000, as it is Construction contracts. 37 States_ 2 $3, 981, 000, 000 $6, 636, 186, 000 $5, n1, 561, ooo expected will be shown by the next census, are wage earners. Revenue freight ton-miles ______339, 285, 000, 000 432, 915, 000, 000 1418, 035, 000, 000 Freight-car loadings, merchan- Most of them are on the pay roll. Reports from representa­ dise and miscellaneous, index __ 88 108 110 tives of the Conciliation Service of the Department of Labor Net earnings ______$760, 000, 000 $1, 194, 000, 000 $1, 275,000,000 show that this agreement or understanding entered into between Exports (including reexports) ___ _ $3, 832, 000, 000 $5, 128, 000, 000 $5, 241,000,000 Imports. ______----_----_ $3, 113,000,000 $4,091,000,000 $4, 399, 000, 000 the President and these committees has saved many reductions Exports, quantity, index ______88 130 1133 in wages throughout the country. Imports, quantity, index ______96 113 1130 We are interested in the employment of the masses at good Wholesale prices, all commodi- ties, index______96 97 96 wages because that is the basis of prosperity. The great masses Net profits of corporations: of our people are wage earners, and thus dependents, and they 900 corporations ____ ------3 $3,540,231,000 $4, 064, 049, 000 ------constitute the buying power of the Nation. Partial report (806 oorpora- That, my fliends, covers to my mind the situation, both as tions) ------_____ ------$3, 598, 496, 000 $4, 047, 913, 000 we see it locally and as we see it through the eyes of the country I Partly estimated. ' 1923 figures. 11927 figures. Emplovment-United Statu Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Stati8lics, Washington

Number on pay Number on pay Number on pay Number on pay Number on pay roll ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Industry l---...,.-----l~~;~! l ---...,.-----j~!~!t---..,.---- l :~;~~l---...,.----- l ~~~! l ---...,.----- 1 ~:~: Dec. 16 Dec. 23 Dec. 23 Dec. 30 Dec. 30 Jan. 6 Jan. 6 Jan. 13 Jan. 13 Jan. 20 ------j---1----1---,------Paper and printing______116, 034 116, 148 +O. 1 149, 156 147, 407 -1. 2 155, 044 156, 157 +O. 7 152, 840 153, 009 +O. 1 155, 2i9 155, 069 -0. 1 Paper and pulP------33,400 33,771 +1.1 41, 1s1j 40,570 ---=!.5 43,373 44,517 +2. 6 41,117 41,639 +L 3 43, 112 42,825 ---=:1 Paper boxes______12,514 12,438 -. 6 14,631 14, 167 -3.2 13,944 13,909 -. 3 14,654 14,610 -. 3 14,375 14,390 +.1 Pr!nt!ng, book and job______30, 106 30,351 +. 8 38,966 38,745 -. 6 38, 873 38,964 +. 2 39,007 39,388 +L 0 39,628 39,566 -. 2 Prmtmg, newspapers______40,014 39, 588 -1.1 54,378 53,925 -. 8 58,854 58,767 -. 1 58,062 57, 372 -1.2 58, 164 58, 288 +. 2 1 Chemicals and allied products______42,186 42,238 +.1 75,421. 73, 96~ -1.9 71,876 72,678 +1.1 78, 274j 78,958 +. 9, n, 669 77,706 (1) Che.J?l.icals ______·______13,623 13,462 -1.7 35,553 34,772 -2.2 32,786 32,859 +.2 36,5391 36,903 +L 0 37,944 37,726 ~ Fertiltzers______5, 818 5, 828 -. !J 5, 974 5, 562 -. 9 6, 323 6, 777 +7. 2 7, 023 7, 177 +2. 2 6, 271 6, 276 +. 1 Petroleum refining______22,615 22,948 +I. 5 33,894 33,635 -. 8 32,767 33,042 +. 8 34,712 34,878 +. 5 33, 454 33,704 +. 7 ------=------,------Stone, clay, and glass products______47,836 44,708 ~ 58,5601 54,983 -.1 63,077 63,447 +. 6 70,969 72,260 +1. 81 68,924 68,992 +.1 Ce~ent~------16, 525 15,746 -4. 7 14, 2461 13,060 -8.3 15,547 15,903 +2. 3 15,930 15,909 -. 11 12, 558 12,875 +2. 5 Bnck, tile, and terra cotta______12,791 11,939 -6.7 15,322 13,602 -11.2 18, 7J7 18,595 -. 7 23,453 23,561 +. 5 21,090 20,785 -1.4 Pottery------7, 5()7 7, 320 -2.5 7, 607 7, 230 -5.0 6, 704 7, 336 +9. 4 . 8, 432 8, 722 +3. 4 8,135 8, 210 +. 9 Glass______11,013 !l, 703 -11.9 21,385 21,091 -1.4 22, 109 21,613 -2.2 23,154 24,068 +3. 9 27, 141 27,122 -.1 = ~ : , •= ====- I Plus less than 0.1 of 1 per cent. 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4081 Emplovment-United St«tu Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistic&, Waahinoton-continned

Number on pay Number on pay Number on pay Number on pay Number on pay roll Per roll Per roll Per roll Per roll Per Industry cent of cent of cent of cent of cent of change change change change change Dec.16 Dec.23 Dec. 23 Dec.30 Dec.30 Jan.6 Jan. 6 Jan. 13 Jan. 13 Jan. 20 1---1------1------Metal products other than iron and steeL_------28,920 28,706 -0.7 37,761 35,830 -5.1 37,892 38,195 +0.8 34,130 35,069 +2.8 29,199 29,632 +1.5 ---1------1- 1---- Stamped and enameled ware ______7,036 6,852 -2.6 12,912 12,205 -5.5 13,440 13,321 -.9 12,521 13,158 +5.1 10,619 11,092 -H5 Brass, bronze, and copper products_ 21,884 21, 85! -.1 24,849 23,625 -4.9 24,452 24,874 +1.7 21,609 21,911 +L4 18,580 18,5!0 -.2 I= - I= Tobacco products------______28,873 26,124 -9.5 30,018 15,130 -49:6 18,053 24,485 +35.6 29,743 45,918 +54.4 42,589 46,495 +9.2 1- Chewingsnuff ______and smoking tobacco and 4,064 3,892 -4.2 7,489 5,206 -30.5 5,137 6,684 +30.1 6, 935 8,222 +18.6 7,993 7,898 -1.2 Cigars and cigarettes ______24,809 22,232 -10.4 22,529 9,924 -56.0 12,916 17,801 +37.8 22,808 37,696 -Hl5. 3 34,596 38,597 +11.6 = ------Vehicles for land transportation ______308, 231 313,852 +3.4 344,116 347,489 +5.6 381,273 391,557 +2. 7 409,440 420,345 +2.7 403,449 407,213 + .9 1- Automobiles __ ------212,302 219,928 +3.6 239,731 245,175 +2.3 266,502 276,206 +3.6 291,099 301,370 +3.5 290,213 295, 192 +1.7 Carriages and wagons ______634 546 -13.9 658 605 -8.1 702 713 +1.6 725 745 +2.8 579 598 +3.3 Car building and repairing, electric railroad_------__ 22,215 22,117 -.4 26,285 26,205 -.3 28,699 28,828 +.4 29,771 29,743 -.1 27,287 27,213 -.3 Car building and repairing, steam railroad_------·------73,080 71,261 -2.5 77,442 75,504 -2.5 85, 370 85, 810 +.5 87,845 88,487 +.7 85,370 84,210 -1.4 = Miscellaneous industries __ ------256,207 256,384 +.1 272,563 270,052 -.9 281, 271 288, 196 +2.5 298,889 302,468 +1.2 287,018 286,346 -.2 1------1--- 1- Agricultural imglements ______14,671 14,691 +.1 20,152 19,851 -l.li 23, 950 24, 018 +.3 27,333 28,004 +2.5 23,730 24,512 +3.3 Electrical mac inery, apparatus, and supplies ___ ------143,929 145,730 +1.3 145,0$8 143,661 -1.0 146,975 147, 195 +0.1 151,892 152,651 +.5 147,254 146,644 -.4 Pianos and organs ______3,622 3,522 -2.8 4, 581 4,136 -9.7 4,141 3, 981 -3.9 4,043 4,138 +2.3 3,888 3,907 Rubber boots and shoes ______+.5 Automobile tires ______14,816 14,885 +.5 15,553 15,534 -.1 16,167 16,036 -.8 14,714 14,709 (') 15,837 15,751 -.5 Shipbuilding ______36,503 35,808 -1.9 35,551 35,394 -.4 34,829 39,942 +14. 7 42,370 43,151 +1.8 43, 151 43,109 -.1 26,361 25,684 -2.6 34,496 34,557 +0.2 34,219 35,452 +3.6 35,902 36,773 +2.4 33,806 33,327 -1.4 RadioRayon_------______10,854 • 10,717 -1.3 7, 778 7, 698 -1.0 11,544 11,527 -.1 12,896 12,797 -.8 10,·649 10,556 -.9 5,451 5, 347 -1.9 9, 364 9, 221 -1.5 9,446 10,045 +6.3 9, 739 10, 245 +5. 2 8, 703 8, 540 -1.9 All industries------1, 935,09911,905,7031 -1.5 2, 231,255 2, 126,014 -4.7 2, 222,897 2, 297, 7291 +3. 4 2, 378,575 2, 456,3451 +3. 312,368,541 2, 380, 2071 +. 5

, Mmus less than 0.1 of 1 per cent.

F.B.EEJ .ADVE&TISING FOR THE GOVERNMENT What shall we do if this habit, this evil practice, is carried to The. SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. UNDERHILL). The Chair its legitimate conclusion? We need not be astounded if in a recogmzes the gentleman from Nebraska (Mr. How.ARD] for 10 little while we shall have the Interior Department writing let. minutes under the special order of the House. ters to all of the gentlemen in Massachusetts, for instance, ask­ Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, I do not know how it is with ing if they will not be kind enough to call upon their codfish the average one of my years, but I am always happiest when fishers and ask them to contribute a certain amount of codfish recalling incidents of my childhood. Those incidents have been to be distributed among the Arizona Indians. thrust upon me this morning. I listened to the debate here _And I apprehend that we need not be at all surprised if my during the past hour and I was carried back to the :first political friend ELLIS or my friend NELSON, from Missouri, shall soon be speech I ever heard in my life. It was out in Iowa. The Demo­ receiving a request from the War Department to go out among cratic speaker spoke first. He damned every Republican-high, the producers of those magnificent Missouri mules and tell them low, young, or old-from hell to breakfast. Then came the the Government needs mules, and asking the Missourians to con­ Republican speaker, and he denominated every Democrat in all tribute a certain number. the world as a horse thief. That debate back there in the old And you people of the Southland, where you grow the won­ years has been magnificently reJ?roduced here before me this derful peaches, may some day be receiving a begging request. morning. Do you not know that a canned peach is the best thing in the But I come now to talk to the House on a noncontroversial world to drive scurvy from the bodies of men? Pretty soon you question. I might almost regret tha,t there will be no objection may get a request from the Secretary of the Navy, calling upon whatever to the argument which I desire to present. Everybody all of you Representatives from the peach districts to go to your will agree with it, everybody always has agreed with it, but canneries and plead for a contribution of a sufficient number of still nothing happens, and the hideous practice to which I am peaches to drive scurvy off all the ships sailing on the seven now about to refer goes on like the brook, forever. A few days seas under the American flag. ago I received, and I dare s~y every Member of the House re­ I am not complaining. Nobody in particular is to blame for ceived, a communication from one of the heads of the depart­ the practice, and nobody seems to certainly know how the evil ments here in the city of Washington. That communication practice can be cured. I know it is a shame to every one of had inclosed with it an announcement, and each Member of the you who hav:e ever contemplated it-it must be-to see your Congress was asked to give the greatest possible publicity to Government in the present attitude of pleading for free adver· the announcement through their home newspapers. I rise now tising in the newspapers of the country. for the purpose of calling the attention of my colleagues to Mr. COLE. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? this evil practice, and asking that something be done to curb it. Mr. HOWARD. Yes. It can be curbed. We can curb it, and the only way to curb it Mr. COLE. Is it not possible that by giving notice of such will be to insist that hereafter every dep!!rtment of the Gov­ vacancies you may confer a benefit on many in your district ernment shall estimate a fair, a reasonable amount to be appro­ who are out of employment? It is not only for the benefit ·of priated in behalf of any advertising desired by that particular the Government ; it is also for the benefit of the men who are department. seeking employment. The matter to which I refer was a request sent to each Mem­ Mr. HOWARD. Oh, I realize that element enters into it, but ber of Congress to can-y to the newspapers of the country an not to an extent that the newspapers should be asked to give announcement made by the Coa....c:t Gua.rd that recruits were de­ this advertising space. It is their only stock in trade. We have sired. I do not like to beg advertising for myself and I do not no more light as a government to ask a country newspaperman like to-beg advertising for my Government, but I sent a copy of to take the goods off his shelf and contribute them to our great the advertisement to every newspaper in my district, 125 of Government than we have to ask a railroad company to con­ them, with the request th.at they give such publicity as they tribute transportation for us. And so I am hoping that the might be pleased to give to help my poor Government. I told Members of this House will speak as they meet the heads of them that we had no money with which to pay for tb.e advertis­ these various departments and ask them, when they submit their ing, but because of the interest which they ought to take in the next estimates, to provide an estimate for a reasonable amount Government I pleaded with them to give publication to the ad­ of advertising space in the newspapers of the country. [Ap­ verti.sement. They did so. Some of them were so loyal to their plause.] Government that they gave them first-page position, as wm be UNEMPLOYMENT observed from the newspapers which I exhibit here. Others Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to pro. gave various positions, many of them preferred positions, in ceed for 10 minutes. their newspapers. 4082 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. SNELL). Before the rest the remarks I made the other day when I stated that no one of the special orders? knew where the President stood. It seems that I was mistaken. l\1r. BYRNS. Yes ; I would like to proceed now, if the gen­ Here is a gentleman, Mr. Edwin G. Pinkham, of the Kansas tlemen do not object. City Star, who is said to be a close friend of the President, The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Tennessee a gentleman who had lunch with the President, and he under­ asks unanimous consent to proceed at once for 10 minutes. Is takes to tell us, according to the Washington Post, just what there objection? the President thinks of the tariff bill now pending in the There was no objection. Senate. I read : Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Speaker, I listened with very great inter­ est to the remarks of my genial friend from MassaGhusetts After discussing the political considerations that govern tariff mak­ [Mr. TREADWAY]. The gentleman made some remarks last week ing, Mr. Pinkham's article reads : in connection with the election which occurred in the second " But to-day we have the amazing spectacle of a Republican President congressional district of Massachusetts, where a Democrat was prepared to accept a tariff bill made by the Democrats and insurgent elected by a handsome majority over a Republican candidate, Republicans, for no better reason than that it is the kind of a tarifr in a district that has always been strongly Republican, in bill this Republican President had asked a Republican Congress to enact. which remarks he admitted that the real issue in that election TWO COURSES EXPLAINED was economic; that unemployment did exist to an unusual "The Democrats in the Senate, with the aid of their insurgent Re­ degree, and that was really the reason why a Democrat was publican allies, were in a position," the article continues, " to make elected in the face of the appeal made by Senator GILLETT and choice of two courses. They could have permitted the Senate Finance others to the good Republican men and women of that district Committee, dominated by such Republican high tariff apostles as SMOOT, to stand by Hoover. REED, and BINGHAM, to write the bill and then capitalize it politically, In view of that admission, I have been interested in the gen­ or they could adopt the constructive course of rewriting the bill-with tleman's effort to-day to show that the country at large is, as the repulsive possibility of giving the President the kind of a bill be de­ he described, "in a state of great health and prosperity." He sired-in accordance with the political theories of their party. has said in extenuation of the unemployment to-day, and as if "After a bitter internal struggle the Democrats decided to be honest. that was an answer, that it is not as great as it was at the Heaven knows what the decision cost them, but I am informed several close of the Democratic administration in 1920 and 1921. Now, of their leaders were so humiliated by it they could not lift their bowed in reply to that I want to call his attention to an article in the heads for days. New York Sun of February 20, referring to a report made by "But, after carefully weighing the alternative possibility, the Demo­ an official of the city of New York, in which it is stated: cratic leadership did decide that in this case honesty was the best politi­ The unemployment situation is responsible for the steady increase in cal policy, and the Senate coalition is rewriting the bill in such a way that the President can sign it. Here, too, is involved a grave question the number of persons given shelter in the municipal lodging house, of political form. Can a Republican President, whose own party had according to a report issued to-day by First Deputy and Acting Com­ ignored his tariff wishes, accept what he had desired from the bands of missioner Charles .J. Dunn, of the department of public welfare. another party? It may be predicted that President Hoover can and I call the following to the particular attention of my good will." friend from Massachusetts : HOOVER SATISFACTION CLAIMED The daily average of lodgers for the six weeks ended February 15 was The article reveals that Mr. Hoover is well satisfied with having called almost double that for the entire year 1920, the report shows. the extra session because he realizes that that was the only way in From my observation the applicants now are of a higher type than which his farm legislation could be giv:en a start, and also because work those ot former years- was at least begun on the tariff and now there is the likelihood of his Commissioner Dunn said. having both the tariff and the farm legislation in the first year of his office. They are willing to work at anything in order not to have to live on The article pictures Mr. Hoover, indeed, as being quite complacent in the charitable generosity of taxpayers. the present situation, instead of worried, as many political commentators Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? have believed. Mr. BYRNS. I yield to the gentleman. " He asked his party tor legislation to redeem his program and is get· Mr. RANKIN. The gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. ting it from another party," comments Mr. Pinkham. " He asked for TREADWAY] made the statement that unemployment is on the certain administrative features in the tariff bill, and Congress gave him decrease. I want to quote from an editorial from the New others that he didn't desire. But he is getting the tariff rates, as be­ York Times of February 20, in which the Times says: tween eastern industrialism: and western agriculture, that he did desire; and because he believes these revised schedules will provide the but­ Admittedly, it is not an agreeable situation which the department's tress he feels is necessary to the working of the farm legislation of the figures to-day seem to indicate. .January's decrease of nearly 2 per extra session he wlll approve the tariff bill when it comes to him. cent in manufacturing employment brings the total decrease since September to 12 per cent. The actual ratio of existing employment to POLICY TO BE TESTED that of 1926, which the d epartment takes as its statistical basis, is the "Thereafter it will be seen whether the Democrats, having given the lowest of any month since these returns began to be compiled at the President what he desired, will gain February 27, 1930, after dispo­ sition of business on the Speaker's table, I may be permitted to Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate conoorring), address tbe House for 1 hour and 15 minutes on the resolu­ That a committee consisting of three Members of the Senate, to be tion to investigate lobbying activities which I have introduced, appointed by the President of the Senate, and three Members of the particularly with reference to violations of the Wisconsin cor­ House of Representatives, to be appointed by the Speaker of the House rupt practices acts by the La Follette Progressive Republican of Representatives, shall represent the Congress of the United States at Club of Milwaukee County and that master New York lobbyist, the celebration to be held at the battle ground of the Battle of Kings Mr. Lee. Mountain; in the State of South Carolina, on October 7, 1930. The The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. HooPER). The gentleman members of such committee shall be paid their actual expenses, one-half from Wisconsin asks unanimous consent that on Thursday next out of the contingent fund of the Senate and one-half out of the contin­ after disposition of matters on the Speaker's table he may be gent fund of the House of Representatives. permitted to address the House for 1 hour and 15 minutes on FIRST DEFICIENCY APPROPRIATION BILL the subject named. Is there objection? Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House resolve Mr. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I itself into the Committee of the Whole House on tbe state of the think the gentleman had better reduce his request for time to Union for the further consideration of the bill (H. R. 9979) one hour, because, under the rules of the House, not more than making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in certain one hour can be taken by anyone except by unanimous consent, appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, and and with the small attendance here it might be regarded as prior fiscal years, to provide urgent supplemental appropria­ unfair if the rule were set aside. I wish the gentleman would tion for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1930, and June 30, not make his request for 1 hour and 15 minutes. 1931, and for other purposes. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. I amend my request, Mr. The motion was agreed to. Speaker, and make the request for one hour. The House accordingly resolved itself into the Committee of Mr. BANKHEAD. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob­ the Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. LEHLBACH ject, does the gentleman from Wisconsin think he can cover in the chair. all the territory indicated in one hour? The Clerk read the title of the bill. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. I will briefly cover sufficient Mr. WASON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out tbe last territory to indicate that the House, by a unanimous vote, should word. support my investigating resolution. In order to properly cover Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, on yesterday­ the entire territory it would take me about a week. page 4021 Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--the gentleman from 4088 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2f Georgia [Mr. TA&V'ER] offered an amendment to the bill now The debate in this case and on this matter was had by the under consideration for the purpose of providing additional gentleman from Georgia, by the gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. funds for the Veterans' Bureau to pay retroactive compensation RANKIN], with a few questions by the gentleman from Wisconsin to certain World War veterans alleged to be due them under [Mr. STAF.FOm>]. the act of Congress of June 7, 1924. Perhaps the gentleman from Georgia would not have made the During the course of the discussion that occurred, as shown in motion that he did had he been familiar with the history of the the RECORD, a letter was inserted in the RECoRD from Gen. Frank legislation and its present condition. T. Hines, Director of the Veterans' Bureau, dated February 13, Veterans' legislation has been enacted piecemeal; it has been 1930, in which General Hines stated in part as follows: enacted by different standing committees of the House of Repre­ When appearing before the subcommittee of the Appropriations Com­ sentatives, and therefore the history of legislation must always mittee of the House of Representatives I invited attention to this be considered in its legal construction. matter and also informed that committee I was presenting the entire The gentleman from New Hampshire [Mr. WASON] and my­ matter to '4:he World War Veterans' Legislative Committee for their self had discussed the matter previous to yesterday, because I consideration. am the chairman of the Veterans' Committee on Legislation and he is the chairman of the Subcommittee on Appropriations, and The gentleman from Georgia, in commenting on this state­ the chairmen of the committees are charged with the responsi­ ment from General Hines, calls attention to the fact that it does bility of legislation, and, as Members well know, often consult not appear in the hearings before our committee that this matter without any record being made of their discussion. '\yas called to the attention of the cgmmittee. I ~ave discu~s~d The history of legislation, in my judgment, shows conclusively the matter with several members of our subcomnnttee and 1t 1s that the amendment of the gentleman from Georgia should not their distinct recollection, as well as my own, that during the be adopted. The Committee on World War Veterans' Legisla­ course of our hearings on the independent offices appropriation tion was created in February, 1924, and I was appointed chair­ bill of the items and estimates submitted for the Veterans' man. Bureau that the discussion referred to by General Hines It was clearly evident at that time that a revision of the occurred as indicated in his letter. My recollection is that Gen­ veterans' act was required, and after approximately 50 days eral Hines called attention of the committee to the fact that of hearings I, as . chairman of that committee, reported H. R. the question of whether or not this retroactive compensation 8069, which was passed by the House, went to the Senate, where should be paid was pending before tpe bureau and that the it was amended, and the result was the World War veterans' Comptroller General had rendered a decision holding that the act of 1924, which was enacted June 7, 1924. Older Members compensation should be paid but that General Hines felt he had will recall that we were acting under great pressure, and that no authority under the law to make such payments and that the President signed the law one minute before the time that no appropriation had been made for that purpose. General Congress adjourned. When that bill passed the House of Rep­ Hines further stated that the Comptroller General in his deci­ resentatives we extended the presumptive clause, and in my sion had suggested that the Veterans' Bureau, if they did not judgment did a great deal for the veterans, and no member of feel inclined to accept his decision in the matter, might with­ the committee in his wildest visioning dreamed of making that hold payments until the matter had been presented to the World act retroactive. When the law was drafted I inserted in the War Veterans' Legislation Committee of the House for their law, with the consent of the committee, and it. was unanimous, consideration. He stated that the amount involved would be this section: between forty and fifty million dollars and that he was bring­ ing the matter to the attention of the legislative committee for Provide£1, That an ex-service man who receives compensation under their consideration. the 6-year presumption contained herein shall not receive compensation Upon this statement to our committee by General Hines we, for any period of time prior to the date of the enactment of this sec­ of course, gave no further consideration to the matter, inas­ tion, as hereby amended. much as no estimate for this item had been presented to us from When the bill went to the Senate they changed the section the Bureau of the Budget and in view of the further fact that referred to in some degree and we met in conference. I am the matter was to be presented to the proper legislative com­ stating this very definitely, because the question of legislative mittee for their consideration. intent may be involved in the construction of this statute, if it Mr. TARVER. Will the gentleman yield? goes to a court, and I happen to be the only Member of this Mr. WASON. I yield. House who was on that conference and knows what happened, Mr. TARVER. The Director of the Veterans' Bureau did who drafted the legislation, and if it does get to be a matter of not state in the letter of February 13, 19>30, that he made the legislative intent, there is no other witness who could say what statement before the subcommittee which was considering the was done except the present speaker. independent offices appropriation bill, but that he made it That conference committee consisted, on the House side, of before the subcommittee which was considering the deficiency myself, Representative Homer Snyder, of New York, and Rep­ bill. resentative Bulwinkle, of North Carolina. On the Senate side Mr. WASON. With reference to the suggestion that this the committee consisted of Senators REED, of Pennsylvania, decision does not appear in the hearings, I will say that this SMOOT, of Utah, and WALSH of Massachusetts. When we met was one of several matters mentioned by General Hines off the in conference we never dreamed that anyone would think of record merely for the information of the committee, and was making this act retroactive, and I remember the discussion not included in the hearings because it was not pertinent to very well. the appropriation then under consideration, but merely in the Mr. TARVER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? nature of an explanation of the status of this matter. Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Yes. Mr. TARVER. Will the gentleman yield further? Mr. TARVER. Is not the gentleman mistaken in thinking Mr. WASON. Yes. . that the question at issue here is whether or not the World Mr. TARVER. In making that statement the gentleman has War veterans' act should be construed as retroactive. The ques­ reference to the subcommittee considering the independent offices tion involved in the Comptroller General's decision is not that, appropriation bill? but is whether or not rights which accrued under the war Mr. WASON. Certainly; that is the committee that reported risk insurance act have been destroyed by reason of the enact­ the bill. ment of the World War veterans' relief act and its repeal of Mr. TARVER. That is not the committee to which General the war risk insurance act. Hines had reference in the letter. Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. I have not been allowed to Mr. WASON. I am making this statement for the informa­ come to that yet. tion of the House, and in order that there may be no misun­ Mr. TARVER. I think the gentleman is to it now. derstanding as to General Hines's statement, that the matter The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from South was discussed at our committee. Our committee, of course, did Dakota has expired. not undertake to pass on the merits or demerits of the matter at Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani- issue between the Veterans' Bureau and the Comptroller Gen­ mous consent to proceed for five minutes more. eral, as we felt this was the proper function for the legislative The CHAIRl\IAN. Is there objection? committee of the House--World War VeteranS' Legislation. There was no objection. Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, I move to Mr. TARVER. I think the gentleman is to that question strike out the last two words. I am very glad that the distin­ now, when he states that they had no idea of making the act guished and able gentleman from New Hampshire [Mr. WASON] of June 7, 1924, retroactive. The question of making that act has brought up this question of the amendment which was yes­ retroactive is not involved. The cases referred to in the Comp­ terday proposed by the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. TARVER], troller General's decision are cases of veterans who filed claims and which was reported on page 4021 of the REOORD of Feb­ before June 7, 1924, at a time, when, if they could have pro­ ruary 20. duced their evidence, they would have been entitled under then J930 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-.HOUSE 4089 existing law to service connection and to disability compensa­ Mr. JOHNSON. o:( South Dakota. I repeat, at the m~eting tion, but who were not able to produce evidence, and have sub­ that I referred to on January 22, 1930, a regularly called meet­ mitted it since June 7, 1924, in which cases the director of the ing of the Veterans' Committee, with practically all the members bureau held that they could not be allowed compensation prior present, the chairman of the committee was instructed to report to June 7, 1924, although they had a compensable degree of an amendment to section 210 of the World War veterans' act, disability, and the Comptroller General has reversed that deci­ 1924, as amended, so as to read, as follows : sion. Provided, That nothing herein shall be construed to permit the pay­ Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. I would be willing to give ment of compensation under the World War veterans' act, as amended, the gentleman further time, because this is an important ques­ for any period prior to June 7, 1924. tion. This question involves the immediate payment by the Government of $42,000,000, and we can well afford to spend That amendment came befote that war veterans' committee time in its discussion. in spite of the statement of the gentleman from Mississippi to Mr. TARVER. Of course, I know that the director in a the contrary. On January 22 of this year at the regularly called letter written to me the othe;r day stated that he thought in a meeting, with practically every member of the Veterans' Com­ general way it would require an expenditure of $42,000,000, but mittee present, the chairman, as I said, was instructed to report it is evident from previous communications had with the di­ this amendment. Probably the gentleman from Mississippi over­ rector that he has no definite idea as to how much it would looked it, because he would not, I am sure, attempt to misrepre­ cost, and the statement now made by him might be construed sent the matter. No member of the committee at any time ever as merely advancing an argument, and it might, therefore, be objected to this except one member, the gentleman from Massa­ somewhat overdrawn, to sustain his position. What reason has chusetts. the gentleman for believing that it will require $42,000,000? Now in closing I want to make it clear what the legislative Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, I hope I intent was ; I want to make it clear that the intention of the may proceed now without interruption for a moment or two. majority of the committee was to take care of these men from 1\fy reason for thinking that it would take that amount of 1924 on, not to make retroactive payments. That would be just money is because I have taken some part in or drafted every like taking a Civil War veteran now and paying him a thou­ bit of World War legislation, even in the old days when the sand dollars by construing some old provision of law retro­ Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce conducted it, actively. The Government will gladly assume the burden of because then I worked with them as they are working with us, taking care of the disabled, but I do say that if this law is and my knowledge of such matters leads me to believe that it passed and ·the amendment adopted, then the discussion will end, would cost that much. In fact, I think the estimate is too low. so far as this legislation is concerned. When we passed this law we intended to take up the cases that Mr. TARVER. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield there? arose from that time on, and to stop everything that happened Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Yes. in the past. These original sections that came in the act of Mr. TARVER. The gentleman will admit that there is no 1924 originated in the mind of a distinguished Member of this question that under existing law, as construed by the Comp­ House from Tennessee, Mr. BROWNING, whom I see present. I troller General, there is a considerable amount of money, per­ can well recall his argument at the time. What he wanted to haps running into millions of dollars, which is due to certain do in originating some of this legislation, which men who are disabled veterans, and that that money should be paid unless making a great deal of argument about it now, then opposed, this Congress, with the approval of the President, shall enact was to pick up men from 1924 on, and see that they received legislation which, as the gentleman from South Dakota says, compensation, and not to dump a lot of money into the laps is reported from the committee, which will take away from the of some men already being taken care of and whose dependents veterans that right. are being taken care of. As a result of this debate in the con­ Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. I do not think the Comp­ ference committee the conferees agreed that the statute could troller General's opinion is good law. I do not think they are not be construed as retroactive, and in the law, as it passed, entitled to it. which is found in chapter 320 of the Laws of the Sixty-eighth Mr. TARVER. I said it was in accordance with the comp­ Congress, that retroactive section which was contained in the troller's construction. original bill and in tP.e original act which we brought out of Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. The Comptroller General the House, an amendment to section 301 was omitted because has rendered an opinion which I think is contrary to the law, we did not think those retroactive clauses were necessary, and and i:r:t order to cure that misconstruction I think the law ought in my judgment the comptroller is absolutely wrong in his to be amended. opinion. Mr. TARVER. When the Comptroller General's decision is Mr. TARVER rose. against the veteran, the veteran must abide by it, and when Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. I can not yield until I finish the Comptroller General's decision is in favor of the veteran this thought. We all know that what ought to be done in this you :feel that it should be reversed by law? country is to take care of men in the future, not to make great Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. No. This very provision payments to men who have been receiving a compensation, fairly of law that I have introduced would repeal not only the decision large sums in the past. It is much better to take care of these of the comptroller that the gentle!Jlan refers to, but another men and give them and their dependents money in the future decision of the Comptroller General which will do more damage to live on than to take $42,000,000 and dump it into the pockets to the veterans than this would do good for him. Some of his of a few, when the law never intended it to be placed in their decisions are very cruel to the veterans. pockets and when they are now being compensated. So when this question came up on January 22, 1930, I pre­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, I move to sh·ike out the-para­ pared an amendment which reads as follows: graph that we are debating here. Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I object on the ground that the Provided, That nothing herein shall be construed to permit the matter that the gentleman has in mind is not before the House. payment of compensation under the World War veterans' act, as Mr. RANKIN. I rise, then, Mr. Chairman, to oppose the pro amended, for any period prior to June 7, 1924. forma amendment. A pro forma amendment was offered, and I That is an amendment to the World War veterans' act. rise in opposition to the pro forma amendment. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from South The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Mississippi is recog­ Dakota has again expired. nized in opposition to the pro forma amendment. Mr. FULLER. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that Mr. RANKIN. Now, Mr. Chairman, in reply to the statement the gentleman may proceed for 10 minutes more. made by the distinguished gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the JoHNSON], I desire to say that on the 22d of January, when the gentleman from Arkansas? gentleman's bill was called up before the World War Veterans' Mr. WOOD. Reserving the right to object, Mr. Chairman­ Committee, there was a great fight in that committee as to and I shall not object-! want to say that it is our desire to whether they were going to smother the bill I had introduced keep on with the consideration of this bill. We want to com­ (H. R. 7825) for the relief of our uncompensated disabled plete it to-day, because if it is not completed to-day it will veterans. have to remain over until the Committee on Appropriations There was the bone of contention. I was urgi.llg hearings on returns from Florida. my bill (H. R. 7825), and there was a discussion as to whether The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the we would have a vote or not when this bill was called up. This gentleman from Arkansas? bill that the gentleman from South Dakota referred to is There was no objection. rather voluminous. There was not a member of the committee The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from South Dakota is that knew that the provision he referred to would · have the recognized for 10 minutes more. effect indicated here. 4090 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 2f Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Does not the record show benefits provided therein, but expressly preserved to them their that the gentleman from Mississippi said, " I am for it; it will existing rights. This man Tracy, about whom I inserted cer­ save $42,000,000"? ta,in correspondence in the REconD on yesterday-and I will be · Mr. RANKIN. If the gentleman from Mississippi made that glad if you will look at i~is shown by the evidence, and statement he bas no recollection of it, and there was no report recognized by the bureau authorities themselves, to have had of the bearing made. There was no stenographer present. We active tuberculosis from March 16, 1922, on through until the were there to pass on this bill, and I was urging that we be date of his death, but the bureau authorities refuse to pay him given the opportunity to pass my bill (H. R. 7825) to take care prior to June 7, 1924. Why? Because they said, as I have just of disabled veterans in the future. If tha,t was the understand­ stated, that that act repealed the war risk insurance act, which ing, I did not agree; and if this amendment is not adopted, when if not repealed, would have given him the right to all of that we meet again I shall certainly move to recall that bill and compensation. strike tba t provision from it. It is not a question of making the act of June 7, 1924, retroac­ I am not willing to pass laws to take from these veterans tive. If the chairman of the World War Veterans' Legislation money that bas accrued to them in the Veterans' Bureau. That Committee has any such understanding he is certainly mistaken presumption period was placed there because of the understand­ and ought to study the matter more carefully. ing that these boys should receive justice in the Veterans' It is merely a question of whether you are going to take away Bureau, and you can go back and find hundreds of reasons that the rights which had accrued to these veterans under the origi­ they bring forward to exclude the~ from receiving the compen­ nal act, the war risk insurance act. You have here the deci­ sation which Congress intended for them to have. sion of the Comptroller General stating that these men are This money should have gone to these disabled veterans as entitled to this money. If that decision had been against them, Congress intended, instead of being returned to the large income­ they never would have suggested reversing the Comptroller tax payers of the country. General by legislation; but that decision being in their favor, We extended that presumptive period at the instance of the they say: "Wait; they are entitled to the money, but we want gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. BROWNING] to take care of to wait and get an opportunity to get Congress to amend the these men. If this is money they are entitled to, we have no law and take that right away from them." right to pass a law taking it away from them. This gentleman, who is chairman of the World War Veterans' Mrs. ROGERS. Will the gentleman yield? Legislation Committee and himself a veteran, is here before the Mr. RANKIN. Yes. Congress appealing for legislation of that character. :rtfrs. ROGERS. I think the gentleman will remember, in I do not care whether it costs $1,000,000 or $42,000,000. fairness to the chairman of the Veterans' Committee [Mr. JoHN­ Whatever amount these men, under the laws of the land as £On­ soN], that the committee recently agreed unanimously, except strued by the Comptroller General, are entitled to have, they for 1 vote-the gentleman from Massachusetts--to take that should be paid, and if the Committee on Appropriations' sub­ provision out of the bill because it was not the intention of the committee which considered this bill is not willing to report to committee at the time of the passage of the bill to make this the House or has omitted to report to the House a proper pro­ provision retroactive. We should like to make many provisions vision for their benefit, the House, in my judgment, should take retroactive, but it would be impossible to secure legislation for pleasure in adopting this amendment and thereby indicating to those provisions. the Director of the Veterans' Bureau their purpose that he shall Mr. RANKIN. I think the lady from Massachusetts is wrong. observe the law and shall observe the decisions of the Comp­ I think that was not in connection with this bill. troller General when they are in favor of the veterans just as Mrs. ROGERS. I am right in that statement, and it is only he observes them when they are adverse to the veterans. [Ap­ fair to our chairman to so state. plause.] Mr. RANKIN. I will say to the lady from Massachusetts that The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Georgia I had my bill in mind, and possibly did not und~stand him. has expired. The Clerk read as follows : Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani- For traveling and other miscellaneous and emergency ·expenses, author­ mous consent that the gentleman may have one more minute. Ized and approved by the Attorney General, to be expended at his The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, it is so ordered. discretion, fiscal year 1930, $5,000. There was no objection. Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. TARVER. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last Mr. TARVER. I shall be glad to yield. word. Mr. JOHNSON of South Dakota. Does not the gentleman Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I will say to the gentleman that think that from the notice that has been served on the director be will have to speak in order or I will object. this morning by the chairman of the subcommittee of the Com­ Mr. TARVER. That is a very unfair position for the chair­ mittee on Appropriations and the statement made by the chair­ man of the committee to take in view of the fact that the man of the World War Veterans' Legislation Committee citing gentleman from South Dakota has presented the viewpoint of the exact facts with reference to th-e law, the Director of the those who are opposed to the amendment in which I am inter­ Veterans' Bureau ought to know that a bill will shortly pass ested at considerable length, some 15 or 20 minutes, by unani­ the Congress which will wipe out any question about it, and mous consent, and I am now about, as the author of the amend­ also that it never was the intention of the Congress to pay that ment, to proceed for 5 minutes, if I am permitted to do so, amount of money? to explain the attitude of those who favor the amendment. If Mr. TARVER. Gentlemen of the committee, in answer to the the gentleman intends to insist that I shall adhere strictly to question of the gentleman from South Dakota, I take issue with the motion to strike out the last word, of course, I can not pro­ his statement that any legislation will ever pass this Congress ceed, but in all fairness, and if the gentleman wants to be fair, to deprive these men of vested rights that they have for com­ he will agree with me, he ought to give me this brief oppor­ pensation. I do not believe the World War Veterans' Legisla­ tunity to express the position of the proponents of the amend­ tion Committee would have reported it bad they known it con­ ment. tained any such provision, and I do not believe this House is Mr. WOOD. I will not object to the gentleman speaking for going to pass it when it reaches the floor. five minutes, but we must get on with this bill. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. If the gentleman will yield, Mr. TARVER. I am in hearty accord with the gentleman's does not the gentleman know that it may pass if it is incorpo­ position as to that, and I have not obstructed the bill. rated in a bill that is coming before the House under a suspen­ Now, gentlemen of the committee, when the gentleman from sion of the rules? South Dakota states that the question involved here is one of The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Georgia making the act of June 7, 1924, retroactive, be demonstrates has expired. that lack of knowledge of World War veterans' legislation which The Clerk read as follows: be attributed to me in one of his statements, because the ques­ tion involved is not of that character at all. In other words, For the purchase and installation of machinery and equipment, acqui­ the men who are affected filed their claims under the war risk sition of land adjacent to Government-owned property on McNeil Island, insurance act, and if the act of June 7, 1924, had never been and all necessary expenses incident thereto, to be expended so as to enacted, they would have received, upon the submission of their give the maximum amount of employment to inmates of the institution, evidence at a later date showing a service connected and com­ fiscal years 1930 nud 1931, $237,000. pensable degree of disability, compensation p!.ior to June 7, Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. Mr. Chairman, I move to 1924. The only issue is this : The Director of the Veterans' strike out the last word. · Bureau insists that the World War veterans' act repea,led the This is a deficiency and supplemental appropriation bill, and war risk insurance act, thus depriving these men of the rights this particular item names a sum of money, $237,000, of which they otherwise would have had, whereas the Comptroller Gen­ $177,000 is for the acquisition of 1,G50 acres of additional land eral says that section 602 of that act did not deprive them of the on McNeil Island fot the purpose of the Federal penitentiary. I930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4091 I do not object to the particular item, because I know the Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. I am glad the gentleman need of the penitentiary for expansion in order to care for its a,grees with my view of the matter. I have anoti).er letter, increased population. For years I have been pressing and which I have not time to read to you, stating that not only urging some method that would either build up the McNeil the proposed appropriation of $177,000 is too little and that Island prison property or else take the institution away en­ $400,000 would be needed to buy the remaining 2,000 Mres. tirely. It is now apparent that the prison is to be maintained I have read the hearings on this item. Of course, the hear­ at its present site and enlarged. But that very decision, which ings were not as to the propriety of this action, but with regard is shown by the acceptance of this supplemental appropriation, to a supplemental appropria,tion and a deficiency appropriation. brings about an unfortunate situation. About 1,650 acres are The chairman of the subcommittee, the gentleman from to be added to the present 400 acres used by the prison. There Indiana [Mr. Wooo], states that we should either do away will remain on the island about 2,000 acres of land. It is clear with this particular Federal prison or else plan to buy the that the 2,000 acres of land left privately owned on this island entire island. My impression is the Department of Justice is will be depreciated in value by taking away therefrom for Gov­ now making a study of the situation with a view to an esti­ ernment purposes this 1,650 acres of land. It would be far wiser mate for the additional purpose. If this can be done, the for the Federal Government to proceed at once to acquire the Government then would have progressed this prison to one remaining 2,000 acres. If this were a legislative bill instead of which can rate right along with the Federal prisons at Atlanta a deficiency appropriation bill, I would so move, and I believe and Leavenworth. I am in hopes that the Department of from statements made in the hearings that I would have the Justice, having made a satisfactory showing before the House support of the chairman. The appraised value that is named in committee for this emergency appropriation, will present state­ the report for this 1,650 acres is based on an average of about ments to the Senate committee that will warrant that committee $100 an acre. It is assumed that some of the land to be taken in completing the task. over will not reach any such value and that some will be The pro forma amendment was withdrawn. worth more. The same thing would apply to the remaining The Clerk read as follows: 2,000 acres. PUBLIC HEALTH Sl!lRVICE I understand this 1,650 acres of l~nd which is to be taken over belongs to about 40 landholders. An appraisement process Pay of personnel and maintenance of hospitals : For an additional will have to be gone through with, together with possible con­ amount for pay of personnel and maintenance of hospitals, Public demnation proceedings. This will take time and will cost some Health Service, including the same objects specified under this head in money. By the same processes and at the same time the De­ the act making appropriations for the Treasury Department for the partment of Justice could acquire the remainder of the island fiscal year 1930, $117,753. from the other landholders, who number perhaps 40. I believe Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amendment. that an economy would be effected~ertainly in the long run. The Clerk read as follows : If the holdings of 40 landholders on this island are taken away Page 60, line 7, insert : " For suppressing counterfeiting and other now, we reduce the payment of taxes for the maintenance of crimes, including like objects specified under this head in the act making schools that must be maintained. appropriations for the Treasury Department for the fiscal year 1930, The other landholders on that island will have to bear the $1,941.01." burden the same as to maintenance of roads. I would like to read one of several letters which I have The CHAIRMAN. The question is on the amendment. received on this subject. The amendment was agreed to. The Clerk read as follows : GERTRUDE, WASH., February 10, 1980. Hon. ALBERT JOHNSON, Lynchburg, Va., post office and courthouse : The provision for this Washington, D. 0. project in the second deficiency act, fiscal year 1928, approved May 29, l>EAR SIR: I suppose you have received many letters in t;egard to the 1928 ( 45 Stat. 921), shall include the acquisition of additional land, situation on McNeil Island. The farmers are much disturbed as to the and the limit of cost is increased from $550,000 to $590,000, and so contemplated purchase of additional land' for prison purposes. much of the amount appropriated under the authority of such act as A few years ago, as you remember, a remonstrance against the open­ may be required is hereby made available toward the purchase of such ing of a prison camp in the school section adjacent to a public school­ additional land. house did not have the desired effect, and the camp was opened at' an Mr. TILSON. Mr. Chairman, I offer the following amend- enormous expense and is running in full blast now. ment, which I send to the Clerk's desk. This camp ia more than 2 miles distant from the prison proper and The Clerk read as follows : brings about a lot of travel with trucks and autos driven by prisoners. I have two prisoners for neighbors within a stone's throw who take Page 64, after line 10, insert the following: care of the pen's flotilla, which is anchored in the bay along our water " Milford, Conn., post office, etc. : The limit of cost in the second front. deficiency act for the fiscal year 1929, approved March 4, 1929 ( 45 The purchase of parcels of land would simply ruin the school system Stat. 1659), is hereby increased from $100,000 to $140,000." and put more burden on the farmers as regards taxation. Roads must Mr. TILSON. Mr. Chairman, this additional sum is recom­ be kept up as well as dock facilities. mended by a supplemental estimate from the Budget. I hope the Department of Justice is farsighted enough to realize that The CHAIRMAN. The question is on agreeing to the amend- the purchase of the whole island would be to the advantage of all ment. concerned. The prisoners would never be kept idle. A cannery could The amendment was agreed to. . supply the thousand here and provide for other prisons. There would The Clerk read as follows : also be a saving in the personnel employed. Puget Sound, forming a natural wall around the prison, would make it impossible for inmates to Marion Branch : For completing the construction of a fireproof hos­ escape as there would not be any boats available as at the present time. pital annex to the present hospital at the Marion Branch of the Na­ The cost of apprehension of fugitives would also be done away with. tional Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, including the construction In closing, it is the sentiment of the citizens here for either the of such necessary approach work, roadways, and other facilities leading Government to buy the whole island, but not parcels of land here and thereto, heating and ventilating apparatus, furniture, equipment, and there, spreading the prisoners in all directions. Our wives can not accessories, as may be approved by the Board of Managers of the undertake walks on the country roads without fear of being attacked. National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, $100,000, to remain I think you are familiar with the situation here and can do a great available until expended. deal to relieve us all of this embarrassing existing condition. Your Mr. HALL of Indiana. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out recommendation should go a long ways. the last word. This appropriation in this item brings to a com­ Sincerely yours, pletion additions to this national home in the State of Indiana JOHN M. CLASSEN, which furnishes hospitalization at the present time for about Justice of the Peace, McNeil !Bland Precinct. 1,400 ex-soldiers. The particular thing to which I wish to call Mr. HUDSON. Will the gentleman yield for a question? attention at the present time is that recently we passed an What is the estimated additional expense to acquire the re­ appropriation of something like $14,000,000 for increased hos­ mainder of the land? pitalization. This provides in Indiana for a hospital of 150 beds Mr. JOHNSON of Washington. I am not prepared to give at an expense of about $500,000. This is not considered ade-­ an exact estimate, but I am satisfied that ~n additional $200,000 quate at all to take care of the hospital load in the area of or $250,000 would be more than enough to appraise and buy Indiana, and there should be an effort made to increase the the other acreage. capacity of the hospitals in our State. Mr. HUDSON. It seems to me it would be very desirable to Another thing of interest is the matter of location of the hos­ have the entire island given over to this purpose. pital which is provided for. We are all anxious that these 4092 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 ex-soldiers who are tn need of hospitalization shall be . taken $1,012,665.07. Back in 1905, I think it was, the Colorado River care of as quickly as possible and that it shall be done effi­ went on a rampage, the biggest rampage it had been on in ciently, and at the same time that we are carrying out a program many years. The land adjacent to the Imperial Valley has which will cause further an expenditure of many hundreds of been built up by deposits of silt from the Colorado River thousands of dollars in the future. I think it is to-morrow that through the ages, and the water flowing into Mexico flows at the Director of the Veterans' Bureau is to be in Indiana look­ an elevation much higher than the surrounding country. ing at the location for the proposed hospital. Already it has In 1905 a greater flow of water came down the river through been decided that it shall be within a distance of 50 miles from the rapid melting of the snows in the high mountains of Wyo­ Indianapolis, or somewhere in the geographical or approximate ming and Colorado than had come down in many years and broke center of population of the State. It appears to me, from every through this silt and the full flow of the Colorado raced into way of viewing the matter, from the matter of expenditure the Imperial Valley. President Roosevelt called on Mr. E. H. not only at the present time but in the future, and also with Harriman, of the Southern Pacific Railroad Co., to stop the gap. respect to the welfare of the soldiers, that every effort should He did in time, after vast expense. Trainload after trainload be made to make use of the Government property which is of rock was pushed into the gap in an endeavor to stop it. already in the State, where already there has been built up a Even the cars were pushed into the gap. The Southern Pacific splendid hospital, with an equipment equal, if not superior, to Railroad spent several million dollars in diverting this great that of any other hospital, with a staff of trained surgeons and stream from the valley toward the Gulf of California. This doctors. Looking at it from the standpoint of the future, it payment or appropriation is the outcome of a suit brought by seems to me that the interest of the Government and of the the Southern Pacific Railroad Co. against the United States Treasury should be taken care of in this matter of location. Government for doing this splendid piece of work. We are all satisfied that we need further facilities, but there I might say, referring to the Boulder Canyon Dam act which seems to be a disagreement on whether or not there should be we passed last year, the first purpose of that bill is to prevent built up a new unit, separate and distinct, with new buildings floods in the Colorado River, to prevent a recurrence of that and a new staff to man this hospital. I think attention should great inundation in the Imperial Valley; and as I say, this item be called to what is liable to occur in the future and the diffi­ represents both tragedy and romance. I just took occasion to culty of having so many different hospitals over the country mention this payment because of its significance and history. rather than making use of the capacities which we already have. [Applause.] Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, will the gentle­ The CHAIRMAN. The pro forma amendment is withdrawn. man yield? The Clerk will read. Mr. HALL of Indiana. Yes. The Clerk read as follows : Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. The Veterans' Bureau does not SEC. 3. For the payment of sundry claims allowed by• the General contemplate building this new veterans' hospital in some other Accounting Office under various acts and certified to the Seventy-first part of Indiana than where the present national home is now Congress in House Document No. 247, under the following departments: located, does it? Interior Department, $315.77; Treasury Department, $3,659.72; War Mr. HALL of Indiana. Yes. At the present time the deci­ Department, $13,250.15: in all $17,225.64. sion is that it shall not be located at the place where the national home is, but that it shall be located in some other area, Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the perhaps 20 or 25 miles away. last word. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Indiana The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Alabama moves to has expired. strike out the last word. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Chairman, I want to ask the gentle­ mous consent that the time of the gentleman be extended for man from Indiana a question. I notice over here on page 91 two minutes. of the bill an item for the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, The CHAIRMAN. I s there objection? $1.60. I make this inquiry because I have a constituent who There was no objection. has a claim before the Accounting Office for back pay, for Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. They have not purchased prop­ money due in a training camp during the World War, a claim erty elsewhere in the State upon which to erect this hospital, for about $140. The Accounting Office approved the claim, and have they? I understood it was to be included in this deficiency bill. It Mr. HALL of Indiana. Not at the present time. does not come in here. Where should it come in? I thought Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. I am surprised to find that the it might come in over here on page 92, section 3, where there Veterans' Bureau is contemplating the purchase of a new site, appears an item for the War Department, $13,250.15. They when you have this site available, particularly in view of the assured me at the Accounting Office that it would be in the next attitude of the Veterans' Bureau and other agencies appearing deficiency appropriation bill. before the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ Mr. WOOD. What is the name of the party? ments, of which I am a member, and advocating coordination Mr. PATTERSON: James L. Byers, of Alexander City, Ala. and consolidation. This very morning the Director of the Vet­ He was in t11e officers' training camp. erans' Bureau in presenting his argument indicated his position Mr. WOOD. It comes under the pay of the Army in the in favor of expanding present hospital facilities instead of buy­ War Department appropriation act. ing new sites and cr~ating n ew institutions. Mr. PATTERSON. I thank the gentleman. Mr. HALL of Indiana. I agree with the gentleman. The The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, the pro forma amend­ Government has here a farm of 3{)0 acres of land, with prop­ ment will be withdrawn. The Clerk will read. erty valued at $5,000,0{){), conservatively speaking, which could The Clerk resumed and concluded the reading of the bill. be easily expanded to take care of all the hospital facilities the Mr. WOOD. Mr. Chairman, I move that the committee do State of Indiana needs. now dse and ·report the bill back to the House with sundry The CHAIRMAl~. Without objection, the pro forma amend­ amendments, with the recommendation that the amendments be ment will be withdrawn and the Clerk will read. agreed to and that the bill as amended do pass. The Clerk read as follows: The motion was agreed to. Accordingly the committee rose; and Mr. TILsoN, as Speaker JUDGMENTS, COURT OF CLAIMS pro tempore, having assumed the chair, Mr. LEHLBACH, Chair­ For payment of the judgments rendered by the Court of Claims and man of the Committee of the Whole House on the state of r eported to t he Seventy-first Congress, in House Document No. 246, the Union, having had under consideration the bill (H. R. 9979): under the following departments and establishments, namely: United making appropriations to supply urgent deficiencies in certain States Shipping Board, $232,879.90; United States Veterans' Bureau, appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, and $62,397.82; Navy Department, $551,105.78; Treasury Department, prior fiscal years, to provide urgent supplemental appropriations $3,874.86; War Department, $1,246,110.53; in all, $2,096,368.89, to­ for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1930, and June 30, 1931, and gether with such additional sum as may be necessary to pay interest for other purposes, reported that that committee had directed on cert!lin of the judgments at the legal rate per annum as and where him to report the same b~ck with sundry amendments, with the specified in such judgments. recommendation that the amendments be agreed to and that Mr. ARENTZ. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the last the bill as amended do pass. word. In some of these items one can find both romance and Mr. THATCHER. Mr. Speaker, I make the point of order tragedy. There is a little item here which will escape the that there is no quorum present. notice of anyone who bas not had his particular attention The SPEAKER pro tempore. Evidently there is no quorum called to it, I refer to line 8, page 78, where there is carried an present. appropriation for the War Department of $1,246,110.53. 'l'his Mr. WOOD Mr. Speaker, I move a call of the House. includes an item for the Southern Pacific Railroad Co. of The motion was agreed to. 1930 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 4093

' The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Doorkeeper Will close the ELECTION OF A MEMBER T6 COMMI'ITEES doors, the Sergeant at Arms will summon qbsent Members, and Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, at the request of the gentleman the Clerk will call the roll. , from Connecticut, I offer a resolution and ask for its immediate The Clerk called the roll, and the following Members failed • consideration. to answer to their names: The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from New York [Ron No. 11] offers a resolution, which the Clerk will report. i! ~i~h B~~!~:ch ~f~ali, Pa. !:;;~:~~- The Clerk read as ~~l::s~esoiution 165 Black1 Drewry LaGuardia Rutherford Blackburn Edwards Lampert Sabath Resolved, That J. ROLAND KINZER, of Pennsylvania, ~. and be is Bolton Ellis Lea, Calif. Sirovich hereby, elected a member of the standing Committees of the House on Boylan Estep Leech Somers, N.Y. Brand, Ohio Fenn Lindsay Sparks Census, Claims, and Roads. Brumm Fish Linthicum Spearing Brunner French McCormick, Ill. Statrord The resolution was agreed to. Buckbee Gambrill . Maas Stedman Mr. GARNER. Mr. Speaker, I offer a resolution. Burdick Garber, Va. Manlove Stobbs Burtness Garrett Menges Sullivan, N.Y. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Texas Carley Gavagan Michaelson Sullivan, Pa. offers a resolution, which the Clerk will report. Cartwright Goldsborough Montague Swick The Clerk read as follows : Celler Graham Mooney Taylor, Colo. Chase Greenwood Nolan Tucker House Resolution 166 Cooke Griffin O'Connor, N.Y. Turpin Cox Hammer Oliver, N. Y. Underbill Resolved, That WILLIAM J. GRANFIELD, of Massachusetts, be, and he Crowther Holaday Owen Underwood is hereby, elected a member of the standing Committee of the House on Curry Hudspeth Pou Watson Mil~tary Atrairs. Dempsey Hughes . Prall Welsh, Pa. Denison Hull, Tenn. Pritchard Wigglesworth The resolution was agreed to. Dicldnson Igoe Purnell Wolfenden Dickstein James Quayle Yates COMMISSIONERS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Douglas, Ariz. J etrers Ramseyer Ziblman The SPEAKER pro tempore. Three hundred and twenty-five Mr. GIBSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to in­ Members have answered to their names; a quorum is present. sert in the RECORD some remarks of my own in regard to the Further proceedings under the call were dispensed with. appointment of Commissioners of the District of Columbia. Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Vermont the bill and all amendments thereto to final passage. asks unanimous consent to extend his own remarks in regard The previous question was ordered. to the appointment of Commissioners of the District of Colum­ The .SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on agreeing bia. Is there objection? to the amendments. Is a separate vote demanded on any There was no objection. amendment? If not, the Chair will put them en gros. Mr. GIBSON. Mr. Speaker, President Hoover rendered a The amendments were agreed to. splendid service to the people of the District of Columbia when The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is now on the he selected General Crosby and Herbert D. Brown for their engrossment and third reading of the bill. . . commissioners. The appointments will be hailed with satisfac­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a thud time, : tion by a great majority of the people. and was read the third time. President Hoover is fully informed as to conditions as they Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I offer a motion to recommit. exist in connection with the local municipal management, and I The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is the gentleman opposed to believe he is determined that the Capital City shall have a gov­ the bill? ernment that is a model of efficiency. I commend him for the Mr. TARVER. I am opposed to the bill. appointments already made. They give evidence of his earnest The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Georgia desire that the government be conducted on a high plane. It is offers a motion to recommit, which the Clerk will report. clearly our duty, without regard to party, to stand back of him The Clerk read as follows : in this matter. I congratulate the Federation of Citizens Associations on the Mr. TARVER moves to recommit the bill to the Committee on Appro­ decision not to join with the trade groups in opposition to Gen­ pr·iations, with instructions to report the bill back to the House in­ eral Crosby. A few years ago the House District Committee, stanter, with the following amendment: believing it should have the advice of the common people of Amend by inserting after the words "Military and naval compensa­ Washington as to legislation affecting them, asked the federation tion," in line 1, page 12, the following: "For the payment of military and naval compensation accruing in to pass upon the various measures of local interest. There has been a growing suspicion of late that the associations had fallen fiscal years prior to June 7, 1924, for disability provided by the act under the influence of those who have been so long in control approved October 6, 1917, as amended, $1,000,000." in the Federal District. So it is with a sense of relief that Mr. CONNERY. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. we find the associations continuing as independent representa­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman will state it. tives of the sterling citizenship of this city. Mr. CONNERY. If this motion to recommit passes, is it· a What is the real cause for the opposition to the appoint­ motion which will give back a part of the $44,000,000-­ ment of General Crosby? Why this propaganda? The gentle­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. That is not a proper parlia­ man from Nebraska [Mr. SIMMONS] clearly stated the answer mentary inquiry. here in the House a few days ago. I can only add to the Mr. WOOD. Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on thought" expressed by him. It is because the powers that have the motion to recommit. used the local government to further their own ends in the The previous question was ordered. past see in the appointment of new commissioners the end of Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I demand the yeas and nays. their control and the substitution of an administration that will The SPEAKER pro tempore. As many as are in favor of represent all the people of the District and the Nation. I use ordering the yeas and nays will rise and stand until counted. the term people of the Nation advisedly, because Washington [After counting.] Fifty-six gentlemen have risen, not a suf­ is not the city exclusively of those who reside within the limits ficient number. The question is on the motion to recommit. of the District, but the Capital City of the people of the entire The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by Mr. Nation. The people of the Nation have a real interest in its TARVER) there wer~ayes 65, noes 161. control and the development. They are pouring millions of So the motion to recommit was rejected. money raised by taxation into its development. Mr. TARVER. Mr. Speaker, I demand tellers. Is the opposition to General Crosby o·n the part of trade · The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Georgia bodies sincere? It is claimed that when he retires he will not demands tellers. As many as are in favor of taking the vote by be a civilian within the meaning of the organic act. As to this tellers will rise and stand until counted. [After counting.] I will speak at a later date. But some, if not a majority of the Twenty-five gentlemen have risen, not a sufficient number. The organizations or their individual members, who are now pro­ question is on the passage of the bill. testing, recommended the appointment of another military man, The bill was passed. still in the service, the commanding officer of the District of On motion of Mr. WooD, a motion to reconsider the vote by Columbia National Guard. Their military man was not se­ which the bill was passed was laid on the table. lected. Is it fair for them to raise the cry of "militarism" HOUR OF ME'ETING against the man whose selection they did not dictate? The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair would like to an­ We have had many retired service men in the employ and nounce, as many were not present when the resolution was service of the· District, and many while still on the active list. passed, that the House convenes to-morrow at 11 o'clock. Can any person point to a single one who has not served faith- 1 ;4094 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE FEBRUARY 21 fully? Is it possible to point out one who has been charged whisky would be sold by the majority of bootleggers but for the fact with dishonesty or actuated by any motive except faithful that it would kill otr their customers, and thereby destroy the goose that service? Take the case of General Patrick, chairman of the lays the golden egg. Public Utilities Commission, a commission set up to protect the From the distillery in Canada or the warehouse in Cuba the whisky interests of the people in all matters concerning public utilities. is guarded to the consumer by men who are hard and ruthless, who The members of the old commission were openly charged with shoot to kill officers or citizens who get in their way. It is a reproach bias in favor of the corporations. They stepped down and out. and a scandal to the American Constitution. General Patrick, a retired Army officer, was made chairman. And yet, under the tutelage of a soft-headed press, bootlegging has The cry of " militarism " was raised against him; but now become as romantic as the smuggling of the eighteenth century, when the people have full confidence in that commission, because they swashbucklers ran the king's blockade and landed their goods to escape see in it a source of real protection for their interests. the king's custom officers. The man reported as selected for chairman of the board, Bootleggers, as they are written, are not law violators but picturesque Herbert D. Brown, has a long and honorable record in the public characters, all the more so because they carry gats and 10-grand notes service. He is thoroughly familiar with all the details of the and live dangerously. business of the government of the District. At the request of If they have formed a boodle ring to bring in beer, they become beer the House District Committee and the Committee on Appro­ barons, modern Princes of Pilseners, bestowing beer like largesse on a priations, the Bureau of Efficiency, under his direction, has thirsty and gmteful populace. made a survey of the agencies of the local government. As a The most striking illustration of the perversion of publicity occurs in result, many wholesome reforms have been inaugurated and the the case of the gangsters and bandits. saving of over half a million dollars a year to the taxpayers That, at least, we can not blame on the modern police reporter. It is effected. That is an accomplishment never before equaled in as old as the world. I am quite satisfied that Robin Hood was a rogue the conduct of the business of the people here. who richly deserved hanging, but the sentimentalists have made of him Under the board as it will be constituted every citizen may a beautiful character who was ever ready to relieve the poor at the rest assured that their affairs will be honestly, economically, expense of the rich. We have heard many times of the charity of Frank and efficiently managed and that the rights of the humblest and Jesse James, but little of the killings in which they participated. citizen will be safeguarded. The laws will be enforced without The man who, with mask on face and pistol in hand, sets out to rob fear or favor, and greater security afforded for the life and the is a potential murderer and deserves no sympathy. He will kill for the property of the people. An increasing measure of civic pride sake of a few dollars. A picture of my own experience as a police will spring up to go hand in hand with that of the people of the reporter years ago comes to my mind. I once followed the case of two Nation in the building here of a magnificent Capital City, which youths who had robbed a corner grocery store, not once but three times. will be an outward expression, through its majestic beauty, and On the last of these expeditions they shot and killed an old man in the advance of orderly liberty of the soul of a great Nation. who had charge of the store. He was a quiet, inoffensive old man of GLORIFYING CRIME the type that arouses pity in the eyes of young men because he was old and worn out, having taken the little post as a last refuge. Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend These boys came to trial in a blaze of -newspaper publicity. Within my remarks in the RECORD by inserting a brief article on crime. a week the papers seemed to be at least tolerant of them and the grass The SPEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Tennessee had not begun to grow over their victim's grave until they were popu­ asks unanimous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD lar heroes. It was explained that they were young ; they had no home by inserting an article on crime. Is there objection? influences and they hadn't had a chance in life. .And yet I, who was There was no objection. familiar with the case, knew that they deserved the severest penalty Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Speaker, in connection with the current dis­ the law permitted. Both of them have finished their terms and have cussion of the prevalence of crime and a disposition to make gone out, I suppose, to steal and slay again, the beneficiaries of a per­ heroes of criminals, under leaYe granted to do so, I herewith verted public viewpoint which was at least aided by newspaper writing insert in the RECORD a very timely article by Mr. T. H. Alexan­ that sought for heart interest and romance in a case where only cold­ der, a prominent and able writer on the Nashville Tennesseean, blooded deviltry existed. said article having appeared in a recent issue of that paper. Crime needs to be debunked in this country, and the place to begin The article is as follows : is with the average police reporter. A gangster is not a romantic Draw near and listen to a secret: The cause of crime in America is creature; he is a dirty crook. A bootlegger is not a high adventurer; due in large part to the police reporters employed by the newspapers he is a potential felon who would shoot and kill a man to protect a to write about crime. case of bad booze for which he paid $35. A bank bandit is not a After that statement appears I know I'll be hard up for influence modern Robin Hood, who protects the poor and weak, but a thief who at the police station to get parking tickets torn up, for the police would wreck the vault that houses the money of widows a.nd orphans reporters will all be mad at me, but I stick to my guns, with the as well as the rich. reservation that the blame finally lies with the newspapers themselves In other words, I'd leave the police reporters their dragnets, their who employ the reporters. clues, their high-powered cars, and all the other tools of their trade, If we had hard-boiled realists writing the news coming from police but strip them of their romantic regard for criminals. stations over this land instead of soft-hearted romanticists, there RESIGNATION FROM COMMITTEES would be a ditrerent story. Yesterday there occurred a case in point. A waggish friend in New Tile SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair lays before the York who is writing police news for one of the large New York news­ House the following communication: papers sent me what he was pleased to jocularly call a valentine. It CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, consisted of three large photos made by a photographer for his paper. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, I These pictures were so gruesome that his paper did not use them. They Washington, D. C. showed a squalid room in a tenement house. In one picture there Hon. NICHOLAS LONGWORTH, appeared a figure on the floor, the loose bundle that the human body Speaker of the House of Representatives. assumes after death. The third picture showed a close-up view of the DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I hereby tender my resignation as a member of bundle's face. It was a woman, some poor human derelict, with face the Committees on Claims, Indian Atrairs, and Labor. battered to a pulp. She had, of course, been murdered. Respectfully, Curious to see what this crime had been, I watched the particular WILLIAM GRANFIELD, M. C, New York newspaper for which my friend works. Under the subtle The SPEAKER pro tempore. Without objection, accepted. touch of police reporters the poor old creature who had been murdered There was no objection. became a romantic personage, slain for love in a love nest. She was very probably a common street woman, but she became a beautiful girl. ~JOURNMENT She trifled with some vagrant lover and was slain, but in the story she Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now was the victim of a beautiful jealous passion. adjourn. Crime news, I repeat, should in the interest of good government and The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 4 o'clock ap.d 17 public policy be written by the realists who do not hesitate to call a minutes p. m.) the House, under its previous order, adjourned spade a spade and not an agricultural implement. For much of the 1930, ~t glamour that hangs around crime in these United States to-day has until to-morrow, Saturday, February 22, 11 o'clock a. m. been put there by the careless typewriters of police reporters and crime writers, who are superreporters. COMMITTEE HEARINGS Bootlegging is a case in point. It is dominated by men who are not Mr. TILSON submitted the following tentative list of com­ only crafty and shrewd, but absolutely cruel and remorseless in gain­ mittee hearings scheduled for Saturday, February 22, 1930, as ing thetr point. Half-poison whisky is knowingly sold a~d totally poison reported to the floor leader by clerks of the several committees: 119.30 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4095

OOMMI'ITEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY By Mr. ABERNETHY: A bill (H. R. 10171) to authorize the ( 10.30 a. m.) erection at Clinton, Sampson County, N. C., of a monumeut in commemoration of William Rufus King, former Vice President To amend the Federal farm loan act, and for other purposes of the United States; to the Committee on the Library. '(H. R. 9433). By Mr. McCORMACK of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 10172) EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. providing for half holidays for Government employees ; to the Committee on the Civil Service. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications were By Mr. BUCHANAN: A bill (H. R. 10173) to authorize the taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows: Secretary of Agriculture to conduct investigations of cotton 340. A communication from the President of the United States, ginning ; to the Committee on Agriculture. transmitting supplemental estimate of appropriations pertaining By Mr. BUTLER: A bill (H. R. 10174) authorizing the sale to the legislative establishment, Library of Congress, for the of a certain tract of land in the State of Oregon to the Klamath fiscal year 1931, amounting to $10,820 (H. Doc. No. 301) ; to irrigation district; to the Committee on the Public Lands. the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. By Mr. REED of New York: A bill (H. R. 10175) to amend 341. A communication from the President of the United States, an act ei1titled "An act to provide for the promotion of voca­ transmitting draft of p1~oposed legislation affecting the use of tional rehabilitation of persons disabled in industry or other­ an existing appropriation for the Treasury Department (H. Doc. wise and their return to civil employment," approved June 2, No. 302) ; to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to 1920, as amended ; to the Committee on Education. be printed. By Mrs. ROGERS: A bill (H. R. 10176) to amend section 202 342. A communication from the President of the United States, (10) of the World War veterans' act; to the Committee on transmitting supplemental estimate of appropriation for the World War Veterans' Legislation. War Department for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1930, for By Mr. TREADWAY: A bill (H. R. 10177) to provide for the maintenance and improvement of existing river and harbor acquisition by the United States of Mount Vernon, the home works, $12,000,000 (H. Doc. No. 303) ; to the Committee on of George Washington; to the Committee on Public Buildings Appropriations and ordered to be printed. and Grounds. 343. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting report By Mr. MAAS: A resolution (H. Res. 162) that the Post Office from the Chief of Engineers on preliminary examination and Committee of the House review all Post Office Department leases survey of Delaware River, Pa., N. J., and Del., with a view to relative to postal deficit, and for other purposes; to the Com­ deepening the channel between Allegheny A venue, Philadelphia, mittee on Rules. and the sea to a depth of 40 feet, with suitable widths (B. Doc. By Mr. KVALE: A resolution (H. Res. 163) tbat the Federal No. 304) ; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered commission withhold permit and license to Flathead power to be printed with illustrations. sites; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. By Mr. DAVILA: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 255) authoriz­ REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND ing the appropriation of the sum of $871,655 as the contribution RESOLUTIONS .of the United States toward the Christopher Columbus memorial Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, lighthouse at Santo Domingo; to the Committee on Foreign Mr. SNELL: Committee on Rules. H. Res. 164. A resolution Affairs. amending Rule XXXVI in connection with pay of witnesses ap­ pearing before committees of the House ; without amendment MEMORIALS ( Rept. No. 735). Referred to the House Calendar. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, memorials were presented and Mr. SNELL: Committee on Rules. H. Con. Res. 21. A con­ referred as follows : current resolution authorizing the appointment of a joint com­ Memorial of the Legislature of the State of Kentucky, memo­ mittee to attend the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the rializing Congress of the United States to enact legislation for Battle of Kings Mountain, to be held at the battle ground in the control of motor vehicles for hire engaged in interstate com­ South Carolina on October 7, 1930, at which officials of the merce; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. United States and of the thirteen original States will attend; without amendment (Rept. No. 736). Referred to the House Calendar. • PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT: Committee on the Public Lands. H. R. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions 5619. A bill to authorize the exchange of certain land now were introduced and severally referred as follows : within the Lassen Volcanic National Park for certain private By Mr. BRAND of Ohio: A-i:>ill (H. R. 10178) granting an in­ land adjoining the park and to adjust the park boundary accord­ crease of pension to Mary L. Evringham; to the Committee on ingly, and for other purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. Invalid Pensions. 737). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the Also, a bill (H. R. 10179) granting an increase of pension to state of the Union. Angeline Abbott ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Mr. WAINWRIGHT: Committee on Military Affairs. H. R. By Mr. GLOVER: A bill (H. R. 10180) granting a pension 9334. A bill to provide for the study, investigation, and survey, to James B. Stanfiell; to the Committee on Pensions. for commemorative purposes, of the battle field of Saratoga, Also, a bill (H. R. 10181) granting an increase of pension to N. Y.; without amendment (Rept. No. 738). Refen-ed to the Thomas S. Garen ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. By Mr. HALL of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 10182) granting a pension to Maggie Ellis; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS By Mr. HICKEY: A bill (H. R. 10183) granting an increase Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were of pension to Esther A. May ; to the Committee on Invalid introduced and severally referred as follows : Pensions. By Mr. HAWLEY: A bill (H. R. 10165) to reduce interna­ Also a bill (H. R. 10184) granting a pension to Lydia A. tional double taxation; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Kurtz ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DARROW: A bill (H. R. 10166) to authorize the Sec­ By Mr. IRWIN: A bill (H. R. 10185) for the relief of Vida T. retary of the Navy to proceed with the construction of certain Layman; to the Committee on Claims. public works at the navy yard, Philadelphia, Pa., and for other By Mr. JOHNSON of Washington: A bill (H. R. 10186) purposes; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. granting an increase of pension to Robert L. Boyd; to the By Mr. GRANFIELD: A bill (H. R. 10167) to authorize the Committee on Pensions. erection of an addition to the existing Veterans' Bureau Hospital By Mr. KELLY: A bill (H. R. 10187) granting an increase plant No. 95 at Northampton, Mass., and to authorize the appro­ of pension to Mary A. Curry; to the Committee on Invalid priation therefor; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Pensions. Legislation. By Mr. KENDALL of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 10188) By Mr. McLEOD: A bill (H. R. 10168) to amend section 305 granting an increase of pension to Lydia Fike; to the Com­ of the World War veterans' act; to the Committee on World mittee on Invalid Pensions. War Veterans' Legislation. By Mr. LANKFORD of Virginia: A b.tll (H. R. 10189) to By Mr. McSWAIN: A bill (H. R. 10169) to increase the reimburse certain individuals for damages by reason of loss efficiency of the Military Establishment, and for other purposes; of oyster rights in Little Bay, Va., due to the taking of the same to the Committee on Military Affairs. by the United States for the purpose of operating thereon a By Mr. SABATH: A bill (H. R. 10170) to enable the people naval air training station; to the Committee on Claims. of the Philippine Islands to adopt a constitution and to form Also, a bill (H. R. 10190) to extend the benefits of the a free and independent government, and for other purposes; to employers' liability act of September 7, 1916, to William J. the Committee on Insular Affairs. Torksey ; to the Committee on Claims. LXXII--258 4096 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-rHO USE FEBRUARY·' 2[ By Mr. MONTAGUE: A bill (H. R. 10191) granting ·an in­ located in South Carolina; to the Committee on World War crease of pension to Carl Olson; to the Committee on Pensions. Veterans' Legislation. By Mr. O'CONNELL of New York: A bill (H. R. 10192) grant­ 4932. By Mr. GARBER of Oklahoma: Petition of Oklahoma ing an increase of pension to Catherine Sleavin; to the Commit­ Agricultural Cooperative Council, indorsing Senate bill 3216, tee on Invalid Pensions. ]mown as Capper bill, and House bill 8870, known as Ketcham By Mr. PALMER: A bill (H. R. 10193) granting a pension bill; to the Committee on Appropriations. to Margaret E. Crozier; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 4933. Also, petition of Oklahoma Shoe Retailers' Association, By Mr. SNELL: A bill (H. R. 10194) granting an increase opposing tariff on hides and leathers; to the Committee on of pension to Jane Niles; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Ways and Means. By Mr. TUCKER: A bill (H. R. 10195) for the relief of Mil­ 4934. Also, petition of Oklahoma Retailers' Association, J. W. dred B. Crawford; to the Committee on Claims. Jenkins Music Co., Tulsa and Oklahoma City, Okla., indorsing By Mr. WHITE: A bill (H. R. 10196) granting an increase Kelly-Capper bill, H. R. 11; to the Committee on Interstate of pension to Sarah H. Adams ; to the Committee on Invalid and Foreign Commerce. Pensions. 4935. Also, petition of uncompensated disabled veterans ot By Mr. WOOD: A bill (H. R. 10197) granting an increase of World War, urging support of House bill 7825; to the Com- pension to Eliza C. Hanley ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ mittee on World War Veterans' Legislation. - sions. 4936. Also, petition of Spanish War veterans, Bartlesville Camp, No. 14, United Spanish War Veterans, urging support PETITIONS, ETC. of House bill 2562; to the Committee on Pensions. Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid 4937. By Mr. GREGORY: Petition of W. L. Witte and other on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows : citizens of Ballard County, Ky., urging speedy consideration 4917. Petition of George Cromwell Republican Club, favoring and passage of House bill 2562, providing for increased rates of the reapportionment of representatives on the citizen popula­ pensions for Spanish-American War veterans; to the Committee tion of the State rather than on the total population; to the on Pensions. Committee on the Census. 4938. By Mr. GRIFFIN: Petition of 53 citizens of the State 4918. By Mr. BOLTON: Petition of certain citizens of Lake of New York, urging the passage of House bill 2562, increasing County, Ohio, urging increase of pensions for Spanish War vet­ rates of pension to the men who served in the armed forces erans; to the Committee on Pensions. of the United States during the Spanish War period; to the 4919. By Mr. BOYLAN: Letter from William F. Scannell Committee on Pensions. Chapter, No. 6, Disabled American Veterans of the World War, 4939. By Mr. HALL of Illinois: Petition of Harry Motsinger Liberty, N. Y., favoring the passage of House bill 8134 and and 80 other residents of Lincoln, Logan County, Ill., advo­ Senate bill 2860; to the Committee on World War Veterans' cating an increase of pension for veterans of the Spariish­ Legislation. American War; to the Committee on Pensions. 4920. By Mr. BRUNNER: Petition of 100 citizens of Queens 4940. By Mr. HESS : Petition of Cincinnati Aerie, No. 142, Borough, New York City, urging Congress to pass favorably Fraternal Order of Eagles, of Cincinnati, Ohio, urging the upon the Senate bill- 476 and House bill 2562, providing for in­ speedy passage of House bill 2562; to the Committee on creased rates of pension to Spanish War veterans; to the Com­ Pensions. mittee on Pensions. 4921. By Mr. CAMPBELL of Iowa: Petition of 13 citizens of 4941. By Mr. HICKEY: Petition of Russell Williamson and Woodbury County, Sioux City, Iowa, urging the speedy con­ other residents of Michigan City, urging the early passage of a sideration and passage of Senate bill 476 and House bill 2562, bill increasing the pensions of Spanish War veterans; to the providing for increased rates of pension to the men who served Committee on Pensions. in the armed forces of the United States during the Spanish 4942. Also, petition of W. H. Ragsdale and other residents of War period; to the Committee on Pensions. Michigan City, Ind., urging the early passage of a bill increas­ 4922. By Mr. COCHRAN of Pennsylvania: Petition of numer­ ing the pensions of Spanish War veterans; to the Committee ous citizens of Sharon, Pa., and vicinity, urging the enactment on Pensions. of Senate bill 476 and House bill 2562, providing increased pen­ 4943. By Mr. HOWARD: Petition signed by M. 0. James, of sion for those who served in the armed forces of the United Fremont, Nebr., and 30 other persons of Fremont, Nebr., plead­ States during the Spanish War period; to the Committee on ing for the passage of House bill 2562, providing for increased Pensions. rates of pension to men who served in the Spanish War; to the 4923. Also, petition of John E. l!-itchey and numerous citizens Committee on Pensions. of Franklin, Pa., and vicinity, urging the enactment of Senate 4944. By Mr. HUDSPETH: Petition of citizens of Big Spring, bill 476 and House bill 2562, providing increased pension for Howard County, Tex., urging favorable action on Senate bill those who served in the armed forces of the United States dur­ 476 and House bill 2562, providing for increased pensions to ing the Spanish War period; to the Committee on Pensions. veterans of the Spanish-American War; to the Committee on 4924. By Mr. DALLINGER: Petition of certain citizens of Pensions. Middlesex County, Mass., praying for the enactment of House 4945. By Mr. JOHNSON of Texas: Petition of the Julep Co., bill 2562; to the Committee on Pensions. of Fort Worth, Tex., opposing an increase in the tariff on sugar ; 4925. By Mr. EATON of Colorado: Petition signed by 56 to the Committee on Ways and Means. voters of Denver, Colo., for passage of House bill 2562; to the 4946. Also, petition of Fort Worth Automotive Trades Asso­ Committee on Pensions. ciation, of Fort Worth, Tex., favoring a tariff on petroleum oil; 4926. By Mr. FITZGERALD : Petition of 58 citizens of Ham­ to the Committee on Ways and Means. ilton, Butler County, Ohio, praying for early consideration and 4947. Also, petition of Hon. Frank A. Woods, Franklin, Tex., passage of House bill 2562, to provide for increase in pension opposing the Box Mexican immigration bill ; to the Committee to Spanish War veterans; to the Committee on Pensions. on Immigration and Naturalization. 4927. Also, petition of 79 citizens of Dayton, Ohio, praying 4948. By Mr. KADING: Petition signed by the citizens of for early consideration and passage of House bill 2562, to pro­ Columbus, Wis., requesting repeal of the provision in the pres­ vide for increase in pension to Spanish War veterans; to the ent Federal income tax law imposing a tax on the dues and Committee on Pensions. membership fees of athletic and sporting clubs; to the Commit­ 4928. By Mr. FULMER : Resolution of Railroad Commission tee on ays and Means. of South Carolina indorsing House bill 9330, which provides for 4949. By Mr. KENDALL of Kentucky: Petition of citizens of limiting the jurisdiction of district and circuit courts of the Catlettsburg, Boyd County, Ky., in which they respectfully United States in certain cases; to the Committee on the request that Senate bill 476 and House bill 2562 be brought to a Judiciary. vote, and they urge their passage; to the Committee on Pen­ 4929. Also, indorsement of Young Men's Business League, sions. Orangeburg, S. C., by L. S. Wolfe, secretary, for veterans' 4950. By Mr. KENDALL of Pennsylvania: Petition of certain hospital to be located in South Carolina as proposed by House citizens of Fayette County, Pa., favoring legislation granting bill 9411; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legislation. increased pensions to Spanish-American War veterans; to the 4930. Also, resolution by House of Representatives, State Committee on Pensions. of South Carolina, McCravy, solicitor; Allan, clerk; and Jones, 4951. By Mr. KINZER: Petition of citizens of Lancaster supporting Honse bill 9411 for a hospital for disabled veterans County, asking for early passage of House bill 2562, providing in South Carolina; to the Committee on World War Veterans' for increased rates of pension to the men who served in the Legislation. Spanish-American War; to the Committee on Pensions. 4931. Also, resolution of Orangeburg Rotary Club, Dallas 4952. Also, petition of citizens of Lancaster County, rrsking A. Gardner, president, in behalf of veterans' hospital to be for early passage of House bill 2562, providing for increased 1930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 4097 :rates of pension to the men who served in the Spanish-American 30, 1931, and for other purposes, in which it requested the con­ War; to the Committee on Pensions. currence of the Senate. 4953. By Mr. KVALE : Petition of 136 residents of Boyd, ORDER FOR RECESS Minn., urging that immediate steps be taken to bring to a vote a Mr. WATSON. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that Civil War pension bill; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. when the Senate concludes its business to-day it take a recess 4954. By Mr. LEE of Texas: Petition signed by citizens of until Monday morning at 11 o'clock. Brownwood, Tex., against the Capper-Robsion bill; to the Com· The VICE PRESIDENT. Without objection, it is so ordered. mittee on Education. 4955. By Mr. LEHLBACH : Petition of citizens of the tenth HOUSE BILL REFERRED congressional district in support of the bill to increase Spanish The bill (H. R. 9979) making appropriations to supply urgent War veterans' pensions; to the Committee on Pensions. deficiencies in certain appropriations for the fiscal year ending 4956. Also, petition of Essex County Council, United Spanish June 30, 1930, and prior fiscal years, to provide urgent supple­ War Veterans, in support of bill increasing pensions of Spanish mental appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1930, War veterans; to the Committee on Pensions. and June 30, 1931, and for other purposes, was read twice by its 4957. By Mr. LINDSAY: Petition of Holy Name Society of title and referred to the Committee on Appropriations. Our Lady of Sorrows Church, Morgan A venue and Harrison WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS Place, Brooklyn, N. Y., declaring the proposed Federal educa· The VICE PRESIDENT. By order of the Senate Washing­ tiona! bill to be not only repulsive to the ideals of all true Ameri­ ton's Farewell Address will be read by the junior Senator from cans but also directly opposed to the ideals of Catholics and Michigan [Mr. VANDENBERG]. those who maintain private and parochial schools at their own expense; to the Committee on Education. READING OF WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS • 4958. By Mr. McCLINTOCK of Ohio : Petition of C. B. Hyatt Mr. VANDENBERG read the address, as follows: and citizens of Killbuck, Ohio, favoring increased pensions for To the people of th£ United States. Spanish War veterans; to the Committee on Pensions. FRIENDS AND FELLOW CITIZENS : The period for a new election 4959. By Mrs. McCORMICK of Illinois: Petition of sundry of a citizen to administer the executive government of the citizens of the State of Illinois, urging favorable action on House United States being not far distant, and the time aCtually bill 2562 for the relief of Spanish-American War veterans and arrived when your thoughts must be employed in designating widows of veterans ; to the Committee on :Pensions. the person who is to be clothed with that important trust, it 4960. Also, petition of inmates of the United States Soldiers' appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a more Home Washington, D. C., urging favorable action on House bill distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now ap­ 8976 in behalf of veterans of the Indian wars and widows of prise you of the resolution I have formed, to decline being con­ veterans, and their orphans; to the Committee on Pensions. sidered among the number of those, out of whom a choice is to 4961. By Mr. MENGES: Petition submitted by William Seifert be made. and other citizens of York, Pa., asking favorable action on I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice to be as­ Senate bill 476 and House bill 2562 providing for increased rates sured, that this resolution has not been taken, without a strict of pension to the men who served in the armed forces of tl1e regard to all the considerations appertaining to the relation United States during the Spanish-American War period; to the which binds a dutiful citizen to his country; and that, in with· Committee on Pensions. drawing the tender of service which silence in my situation 4962. By Mr. OLIVER of New York: Petition of the Wood­ might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of zeal for your lawn Jewish Center opposing any change in the calendar which future interest; no deficiency of grateful respect for your past would affect the fixity of the Sabbath; to the Committee on kindness; but a,m supported by a full conviction that the step is Foreign Affairs. compatible with both. 4963. Also, petition of the Bronx Old Timers' Association peti­ The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in the office to tioning Congress to amend the Volstead Act so as to permit the which your suffrages have twice called me, have been a uniform use of liquor with an alcoholic content of 2.75 per cent; to the sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty, and to a deference Committee on the Judiciary. for what appeared to be your desire. I constantly hoped that 4964. By Mr. PARKS: Petition of Spanish War veterans; to it would have been much earlier in my power, consistently with the Committee on Pensions. . - · motives which I was not at liberty to disregard, to return to 4965. By Mr. SMITH of West Virginia: Petition of citizens that retirement from which I had been reluctantly ·drawn. The of Fayetteville and vicinity, Fayette County, W.Va., urging con­ strength of my inclination to do this, previous to the last elec­ sideration and passage of House bill 2562 and Senate bill 476, tion, had even led to the preparation of an address to declare it providing for increased rates of pension to the men who served to you ; but mature reflection on the then perplexed and critical in the armed forces of the United States during the Spanish posture of our affairs with foreign nations, and the unanimous War; to the Committee on :£ensions. advice of persons entitled to my confidence, impelled me to 4966. By Mr. STRONG of Pennsylvania: Petition of citizens abandon the idea. of Punxsutawney, Pa., and vicinity, in favor of increased rates I rejoice that the state of your concerns external as well as of pension for veterans of the war with Spain; to the Committee internal, no longer renders the pursuit of inclination incompati­ on Pensions. ble with the sentiment of duty or propriety ; and am persuaded, 4967. By Mr. TEMPLE: Resolution of Canonsburg Council, whatever partiality may be retained for my services, that in No. 303, Junior Order United American Mechanics, Canonsburg, the present circumstances of our country, you will not disap­ Pa., in support of the Robsion-Capper bill, which would establish prove my determination to retire. a department of education, with a Secretary in the President's The impressions with which I first undertook the arduous Cabinet; to the Committee on Education. trust, were explained on the proper occasion. In the discharge 4968. By Mr. WOODRUFF: Petition of citizens of Sears, of this trust, I will only say that I have, with good intentions, Mich., favoring adoption of House bill 2562, providing increased contributed towards the organization and administration of the rates of pension for veterans of the Spanish War; to the Com­ government, the best exertions of which a very fallible judg­ mittee on Pensions. ment was capable. Not unconscious in the outset, of the in­ feriority of my qualifications, experience, in my own eyes, perhaps still more in the eyes of others, has strengthened the SENATE motives to diffidence of myself ; and, every day, the increasing SATURDAY, February 22, 1930 weight of years admonishes me more and more, that the shade of retirement is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. Sat­ (Legislative day of Monday, Jawuary 6, 1930) isfied that if any circumstances have given peculiar value to The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m., on the expiration of the my services they were temporary, I have the consolation to believe that, while choice and prudence invite me to quit the recess. political scene, patriotism does not forbid it. The VICE PH.ESIDENT. The Senate will receive a message In looking forward to the moment which is to terminate the from the House of Representatives. career of my political life, my feelings do not permit me to MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE suspend the deep acknowledgment of that debt of gratitude A message from the House of Representatives by Mr. Cha,ffee, which I owe to my beloved country, for the many honors it has one of its clerks, announced that the House had passed a bill conferred upon rue ; still more for the steadfast confidence with (H. R. 9979) making appropriations to supply urgent deficien­ which it has supported me; and for the opportunities I have cies in certl!in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, thence enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attachment, by 1930, and prior fiscal years, to provide urgent supplemental ap­ services faithful and persevering, though in usefulness unequal propriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1930, and June to my zeaL If benefits have resulted to our country from these