DOCSLIB.ORG

«What Does It Take to Authenticate My Nigganess?» …

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
«What Does It Take to Authenticate My Nigganess?» … «What Does it Take to Authenticate my Nigganess?» … En studie av Nas’ autentisitet og hans tilknytning til Conscious rap Ingvar Örn Þrastarson Masteroppgave i musikkvitenskap Institutt for musikkvitenskap Høst 2012 Universitetet i Oslo Bildet på forsiden er tegnet av Omar Williams, og er brukt med kunstnerens tillatelse. Bildets URL: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/- iBeqcEN0uZ0/TcJDF34UAxI/AAAAAAAAACA/vRzs3sz5uDU/s1600/Sketch%25235.JPG Forord Denne masteroppgaven er et resultat av mitt flerårige arbeid med hiphopkulturen i USA i et bredt perspektiv, og prosessen har vært lang og krevende, men mest av alt interessant og lærerik. Til å begynne med vil jeg takke min veileder Anne Danielsen for inspirerende og motiverende veiledningsmøter, interessante diskusjoner og innsiktsfulle kommentarer. Din kunnskap og din tilgjengelighet har vært av helt avgjørende betydning for prosessen. Jeg vil også rette en stor takk til mine nærmeste venner for uvurderlig støtte – særlig i innspurtsperioden – og til mine medstudenter for motiverende samtaler med stort faglig utbytte, samt utallige kaffepauser. Tusen takk til mine eminente korrekturlesere Kirsti Vogt og Linn Astrid Blix Torget for grundig og effektivt arbeid. Til slutt, men ikke minst, vil jeg takke min nærmeste familie for støtte, tilstedeværelse og for å ha troen på meg. Det betyr mye. Oslo, november 2012 Ingvar Örn Þrastarson II III INNHOLD Forord ........................................................................................................................................ II 1. Innledning ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Conscious rap – et forvirrende begrep ............................................................................. 4 1.3 Autentisitet i hiphop ......................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Authenticity as authentication .......................................................................................... 8 1.5 Autentisitet i et rent hiphop-perspektiv .......................................................................... 10 1.6 Oppgavens gang ............................................................................................................. 12 2. Et historisk perspektiv .......................................................................................................... 14 2.1 1965 – 1984 – Hiphopgenerasjonen ............................................................................... 14 2.1.1 Begrepslansering og fremveksten av en kultur ....................................................... 16 2.1.2 Fra «DJ-ing» og «emceeing» til «rap music» ......................................................... 17 The Beastie Boys/Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five .......................................... 19 2.2 1984 – Def Jam – kommersialisering av New York-rapp .............................................. 20 2.3 1985 – Fra New York til California – en feide blir til. ................................................... 21 2.4 Øst mot vest – en personlig konflikt? ............................................................................. 25 3. Conscious rap – et innviklet begrep ..................................................................................... 28 3.1 Hva er conscious rap? ..................................................................................................... 29 3.2 Hva er political rap? ....................................................................................................... 36 3.3 Political rap versus conscious rap .................................................................................. 43 4. Analysekapittel ..................................................................................................................... 46 4.1 Innledning ....................................................................................................................... 46 4.2 Forbindelser mellom rapp og en afrikansk litterær tradisjon ......................................... 46 4.2.1 Gates og The Signifying Monkey ............................................................................. 46 4.2.2 Et kontekstavhengig begrep .................................................................................... 48 4.2.3 Signifying i hiphop .................................................................................................. 51 4.3 Analyse .......................................................................................................................... 53 4.3.1 «N.Y. State Of Mind» (Illmatic) ............................................................................. 54 4.3.2 «A Message To The Feds, Sincerely, We The People» (Street’s Disciple) ............ 58 4.3.3 Y’all My Ni**as – (Untitled) .................................................................................. 63 5. Refleksjon ............................................................................................................................. 70 5.1 Fem punkter .................................................................................................................... 70 Sosialrealisme ............................................................................................................... 70 Politisk budskap ........................................................................................................... 72 Lydproduksjon ............................................................................................................. 74 Stedstilhørighet ............................................................................................................. 78 Religion ........................................................................................................................ 80 5.2 conscious rap, det motsatte av kommersialitet? ............................................................. 81 5.3 Konklusjon ..................................................................................................................... 84 LITTERATUR ......................................................................................................................... 86 1 1. Innledning «The hood waits for no one I've been through it from Ewings to Buicks, to body viewings Car chases to court cases, to fly vacations From wanting it all, to being the object of your admiration» Nas – «Street’s Disciple»1 Det var i år 2000 at jeg første gang ble introdusert for Dr. Dre av en kamerat. Han spilte Still DRE, en av California-produsentens mest kjente låter.2 Fra denne opplevelsen var veien kort til andre rappere fra samme område; Ice Cube, Snoop Dogg og Kurupt. Det var en slags stilmessig fellesnevner i deres musikk og musikken til nevnte Dr. Dre. Der og da opplevde jeg alle som representanter for en stil som var hard, rå og brutal, men samtidig banalt enkel, og for et uerfarent sinn var det lett å hekte dem alle på samme knagg. Det gikk imidlertid ikke lang tid før horisonten ble utvidet. Senere samme år fikk jeg en samleplate som blant annet inneholdt låten «If I Ruled the World», og artisten var Nas. Jeg opplevde ikke musikken som noe særlig mer komplisert enn det jeg hadde hørt tidligere, men tekstlig og rappteknisk var dette noe helt annet. Det var først da jeg brakte den inn som tema i akademisk øyemed, og begynte å undersøke noen av prosessene som ligger bak, at jeg forsto hvilke muligheter som fantes innenfor rappsjangeren. Gjennom hele bachelorstudiet i musikkvitenskap grep jeg an konseptet rapp fra ulike synsvinkler. Det jeg var aller mest opptatt av, var hvordan ulike sider ved hiphopkulturen kommer til uttrykk i rappmusikken. Særlig vil jeg nevne min befatning med feltet musikk og identitet, der tekstlige elementer knyttet til kvinneundertrykking og homofiendtlighet åpnet dørene for temaet maskulinitet som en identitetskonstruksjon. Den viktigste oppdagelsen jeg gjorde under disse studiene, var hvor nært forholdet mellom kultur og musikk er innen hiphop. Oppdagelsen utløste en motivasjon og en interesse for å finne ut mer om hva som gjør forbindelsen mellom kulturen og dens produkt så sterk, og ikke minst hvilke kulturhistoriske røtter dette båndet har sitt opphav i. Rappmusikk var lenge noe man forbandt med New York, men mot slutten av 1980-tallet og på begynnelsen av 1990-tallet bredte rappsjangeren for alvor om seg over hele USA. I kjølvannet av dette oppsto det raskt en situasjon der man i de fleste områder ønsket å 1 Nas 2004 2 Dr. Dre 2001 1 representere en motvekt til New York. På vestkysten vakte gangstarapen spesielt stor oppsikt på grunn av sin brutale fremtoning, og dette området ble dermed et symbol på aversjonen mot New York. Som jeg skal komme tilbake til i historiekapitlet, har omfanget av denne verbale krigen noe feilaktig fått status som en feide mellom østkysten og vestkysten. Det tok noen år før artistene fra California fikk tilsvarende salgstall og anseelse som artistene fra New York allerede hadde hatt i en årrekke.3 Ved inngangen til 1990-tallet, da gangstarapen blomstret med sine hatske budskap overfor autoriteter og det narkotikainfiserte samfunnet de var en del av, var det imidlertid noen enkelthendelser som antydet at det var gnisninger mellom artister fra de ulike områdene. Nas var en av mange artister som tok avstand fra denne påståtte feiden. Men til tross for at jeg ble presentert for Nas’ musikk i relativt ung alder, var det ikke før noe senere, da jeg begynte å
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Derrick Bell: Godfather Provocateur André Douglas Pond Cummings University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H
    University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law Masthead Logo Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives Faculty Scholarship 2012 Derrick Bell: Godfather Provocateur andré douglas pond cummings University of Arkansas at little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Judges Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the Legal Profession Commons Recommended Citation andré douglas pond cummings, Derrick Bell: Godfather Provocateur, 28 Harv. J. Racial & Ethnic Just. 51 (2012). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DERRICK BELL: GODFATHER PROVOCATEUR andrg douglas pond cummings* I. INTRODUCTION Professor Derrick Bell, the originator and founder of Critical Race The- ory, passed away on October 5, 2011. Professor Bell was 80 years old. Around the world he is considered a hero, mentor, friend and exemplar. Known as a creative innovator and agitator, Professor Bell often sacrificed his career in the name of principles and objectives, inspiring a generation of scholars of color and progressive lawyers everywhere.' Bell resigned a tenured position on the Harvard Law School faculty to protest Harvard's refusal to hire and tenure women of color onto its law school
    [Show full text]
  • BROWNOUT Fear of a Brown Planet COOP AVAILABLE SHIPPING with PROMO POSTER
    BROWNOUT Fear Of A Brown Planet COOP AVAILABLE SHIPPING WITH PROMO POSTER KEY SELLING POINTS • Billboard premier: Brownout Delivers Funky Cover of Public Enemy’s ‘Fight the Power’ • Fear Of A Brown Planet follows The Elmatic Instrumentals and Enter The 37th Chamber in Fat Beats Records heralded stream of instrumental takes of hip hop classics • Brownout has released past albums with Ubiquity Records (Brown Sabbath) and enjoyed a stint backing the late legend Prince • Tour dates planned for the summer of 2018 DESCRIPTION ARTIST: Brownout Twenty-eight years ago, pissed-off 12-year-olds around the universe discovered TITLE: Fear Of A Brown Planet a new planet, a Black Planet. Public Enemy’s aggressive, Benihana beats and incendiary lyrics instilled fear among parents and teachers everywhere, even CATALOG: L-FB5185 / CD-FB5185 in the border town of Laredo, Texas, home of the future founders of the Latin- Funk-Soul-Breaks super group, Brownout. The band’s sixth full-length album LABEL: Fat Beats Records Fear of a Brown Planet is a musical manifesto inspired by Public Enemy’s GENRE: Psych-Funk/Hip-Hop music and revolutionary spirit. BARCODE: 659123518512 / 659123518529 Chuck D., the Bomb Squad, Flava Flav and the rest of the P.E. posse couldn’t possibly have expected that their golden-era hip hop albums would sow the FORMAT: LP / CD seeds for countless Public Enemy sleeper cells, one that would emerge nearly HOME MARKET: Austin, Texas three decades later in Austin, Texas. Greg Gonzalez (bass) remembers a kid back in junior high hipped him to the fact that Public Enemy’s “Bring the Noise” RELEASE: 5/25/2018 is built on James Brown samples, while a teenaged Beto Martinez (guitar) $17.98 / CH / $9.98 / AH alternated between metal and hip-hop in his walk-man, and Adrian Quesada LIST PRICE: (guitar/keys) remembers falling in love with Public Enemy’s sound at an early CASE QTY: LP 30 / CD 200/1 age.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Radicalism in African-American Protest Music
    “WE’D RATHER DIE ON OUR FEET THAN BE LIVIN’ ON OUR KNEES” THE ROLE OF RADICALISM IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN PROTEST MUSIC, 1960 – 1990: A CASE STUDY AND LYRICAL ANALYSIS Master’s Thesis in North American Studies Leiden University By Roos Fransen 1747045 10 June 2018 Supervisor: Dr. S.A. Polak Second reader: Dr. M.L. de Vries Contents Introduction 3 Chapter 1: Nina Simone and calling out racism 12 Chapter 2: James Brown, black emancipation and self-pride 27 Chapter 3: Public Enemy, black militancy and distrust of government and 40 media Conclusion 52 Works cited 56 2 Introduction The social importance of African-American music originates in the arrival of African slaves on the North American continent. The captured Africans transported to the British colonial area that would later become the United States came from a variety of ethnic groups with a long history of distinct and cultivated musical traditions. New musical forms came into existence, influenced by Christianity, yet strongly maintaining African cultural traditions. One of the most widespread early musical forms among enslaved Africans was the spiritual. Combining Christian hymns and African rhythms, spirituals became a distinctly African- American response to conditions on the plantations slaves were forced to work1. They expressed the slaves’ longing for spiritual and physical freedom, for safety from harm and evil, and for relief from the hardships of slavery. Many enslaved people were touched by the metaphorical language of the Bible, identifying for example with the oppressed Israelites of the Old Testament, as this spiritual Go Down Moses illustrates: Go down, Moses Way down in Egypt's land Tell old Pharaoh Let my people go2 The spiritual is inspired by Exodus 8:1, a verse in the Old Testament.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life & Rhymes of Jay-Z, an Historical Biography
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE LIFE & RHYMES OF JAY-Z, AN HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHY: 1969-2004 Omékongo Dibinga, Doctor of Philosophy, 2015 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Barbara Finkelstein, Professor Emerita, University of Maryland College of Education. Department of Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the life and ideas of Jay-Z. It is an effort to illuminate the ways in which he managed the vicissitudes of life as they were inscribed in the political, economic cultural, social contexts and message systems of the worlds which he inhabited: the social ideas of class struggle, the fact of black youth disempowerment, educational disenfranchisement, entrepreneurial possibility, and the struggle of families to buffer their children from the horrors of life on the streets. Jay-Z was born into a society in flux in 1969. By the time Jay-Z reached his 20s, he saw the art form he came to love at the age of 9—hip hop— become a vehicle for upward mobility and the acquisition of great wealth through the sale of multiplatinum albums, massive record deal signings, and the omnipresence of hip-hop culture on radio and television. In short, Jay-Z lived at a time where, if he could survive his turbulent environment, he could take advantage of new terrains of possibility. This dissertation seeks to shed light on the life and development of Jay-Z during a time of great challenge and change in America and beyond. THE LIFE & RHYMES OF JAY-Z, AN HISTORICAL BIOGRAPHY: 1969-2004 An historical biography: 1969-2004 by Omékongo Dibinga Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Advisory Committee: Professor Barbara Finkelstein, Chair Professor Steve Klees Professor Robert Croninger Professor Derrick Alridge Professor Hoda Mahmoudi © Copyright by Omékongo Dibinga 2015 Acknowledgments I would first like to thank God for making life possible and bringing me to this point in my life.
    [Show full text]
  • (2001) 96- 126 Gangsta Misogyny: a Content Analysis of the Portrayals of Violence Against Women in Rap Music, 1987-1993*
    Copyright © 2001 Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture All rights reserved. ISSN 1070-8286 Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 8(2) (2001) 96- 126 GANGSTA MISOGYNY: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE PORTRAYALS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN RAP MUSIC, 1987-1993* by Edward G. Armstrong Murray State University ABSTRACT Gangsta rap music is often identified with violent and misogynist lyric portrayals. This article presents the results of a content analysis of gangsta rap music's violent and misogynist lyrics. The gangsta rap music domain is specified and the work of thirteen artists as presented in 490 songs is examined. A main finding is that 22% of gangsta rap music songs contain violent and misogynist lyrics. A deconstructive interpretation suggests that gangsta rap music is necessarily understood within a context of patriarchal hegemony. INTRODUCTION Theresa Martinez (1997) argues that rap music is a form of oppositional culture that offers a message of resistance, empowerment, and social critique. But this cogent and lyrical exposition intentionally avoids analysis of explicitly misogynist and sexist lyrics. The present study begins where Martinez leaves off: a content analysis of gangsta rap's lyrics and a classification of its violent and misogynist messages. First, the gangsta rap music domain is specified. Next, the prevalence and seriousness of overt episodes of violent and misogynist lyrics are documented. This involves the identification of attributes and the construction of meaning through the use of crime categories. Finally, a deconstructive interpretation is offered in which gangsta rap music's violent and misogynist lyrics are explicated in terms of the symbolic encoding of gender relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Torts: Cases and Context Volume One
    1 Torts: Cases and Context Volume One Eric E. Johnson Associate Professor of Law University of North Dakota School of Law eLangdell Press 2015 About the Author Eric E. Johnson is an Associate Professor of Law at the University of North Dakota. He has taught torts, intellectual property, sales, entertainment law, media law, sports law, employment law, and writing courses. He has twice been selected by students as the keynote speaker for UND Law’s graduation banquet. His writing on legal pedagogy has appeared in the Journal of Legal Education. With scholarly interests in science and risk, and in intellectual property, Eric’s publications include the Boston University Law Review, the University of Illinois Law Review, and New Scientist magazine. His work was selected for the Yale/Stanford/Harvard Junior Faculty Forum in 2013. Eric’s practice experience includes a wide array of business torts, intellectual property, and contract matters. As a litigation associate at Irell & Manella in Los Angeles, his clients included Paramount, MTV, CBS, Touchstone, and the bankruptcy estate of eToys.com. As in-house counsel at Fox Cable Networks, he drafted and negotiated deals for the Fox Sports cable networks. Eric received his J.D. cum laude from Harvard Law School in 2000, where he was an instructor of the first-year course in legal reasoning and argument. He received his B.A. with Highest and Special Honors from the Plan II program at the University of Texas at Austin. Outside of his legal career, Eric performed as a stand-up comic and was a top-40 radio disc jockey.
    [Show full text]
  • Fresh Dressed
    PRESENTS FRESH DRESSED A CNN FILMS PRODUCTION WORLD PREMIERE – DOCUMENTARY PREMIERE Running Time: 82 Minutes Sales Contact: Dogwoof Ana Vicente – Head of Theatrical Sales Tel: 02072536244 [email protected] 1 SYNOPSIS With funky, fat-laced Adidas, Kangol hats, and Cazal shades, a totally original look was born— Fresh—and it came from the black and brown side of town where another cultural force was revving up in the streets to take the world by storm. Hip-hop, and its aspirational relationship to fashion, would become such a force on the market that Tommy Hilfiger, in an effort to associate their brand with the cultural swell, would drive through the streets and hand out free clothing to kids on the corner. Fresh Dressed is a fascinating, fun-to-watch chronicle of hip-hop, urban fashion, and the hustle that brought oversized pants and graffiti-drenched jackets from Orchard Street to high fashion's catwalks and Middle America shopping malls. Reaching deep to Southern plantation culture, the Black church, and Little Richard, director Sacha Jenkins' music-drenched history draws from a rich mix of archival materials and in-depth interviews with rappers, designers, and other industry insiders, such as Pharrell Williams, Damon Dash, Karl Kani, Kanye West, Nasir Jones, and André Leon Talley. The result is a passionate telling of how the reach for freedom of expression and a better life by a culture that refused to be squashed, would, through sheer originality and swagger, take over the mainstream. 2 ABOUT THE FILMMAKERS SACHA JENKINS – Director Sacha Jenkins, a native New Yorker, published his first magazine—Graphic Scenes & X-Plicit Language (a ‘zine about the graffiti subculture)—at age 17.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 Interactive Bible Studies for Small Groups Based on the Music From
    12 Interactive Bible Studies for Small Groups Based on the Music From the “Promised Land” Album promised land 12 Interactive Bible Studies for Small Groups Based on the Music From the “Promised Land” Album Joe Deegan Promised Land © Reformed Youth Ministries 2019 Reformed Youth Ministries P.O. Box 697 Cookeville, Tennessee 38503 United States of America www.rym.org Lyric quotations are taken from the Promised Land album, released December 28, 2018 by © RYM Worship. Used by permission. All rights reserved. Scripture quotations are taken from The Holy Bible, English Standard Version® (ESV®), copyright © 2001 by Crossway, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act, no part of this publication may be reproduced for profit in any form or by any means without prior permission from the publisher. Download, duplication, and distribution of up to one hundred (100) copies of this material is permitted free of charge for individuals, Bible study groups, and churches. Contact ReformedYouth Ministries to receive licenses for greater numbers. 3 contents •Introduction 6 •Week One 8 On Jordan’s Stormy Banks •Week Two 12 More Than We Know •Week Three 16 My Only Comfort •Week Four 20 Jesus I My Cross Have Taken •Week Five 24 How Firm a Foundation •Week Six 28 Child of the King •Week Seven 32 Every Word •Week Eight 36 To the Brokenhearted •Week Nine 40 Isaiah 43 •Week Ten 44 Nothing But the Blood •Week Eleven 48 Where Are You God •Week Twelve 52 We Will Feast in the House of Zion introduction Colossians 3:16 says, “Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly, teaching and admonishing one another in all wisdom, singing psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, with thankfulness in your hearts to God.” Psalms and hymns and spiritual songs—these are the things God says are to flow out of the gratitude of our hearts.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonic Jihadâ•Flmuslim Hip Hop in the Age of Mass Incarceration
    FIU Law Review Volume 11 Number 1 Article 15 Fall 2015 Sonic Jihad—Muslim Hip Hop in the Age of Mass Incarceration SpearIt Follow this and additional works at: https://ecollections.law.fiu.edu/lawreview Part of the Other Law Commons Online ISSN: 2643-7759 Recommended Citation SpearIt, Sonic Jihad—Muslim Hip Hop in the Age of Mass Incarceration, 11 FIU L. Rev. 201 (2015). DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.25148/lawrev.11.1.15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by eCollections. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Law Review by an authorized editor of eCollections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 37792-fiu_11-1 Sheet No. 104 Side A 04/28/2016 10:11:02 12 - SPEARIT_FINAL_4.25.DOCX (DO NOT DELETE) 4/25/16 9:00 PM Sonic Jihad—Muslim Hip Hop in the Age of Mass Incarceration SpearIt* I. PROLOGUE Sidelines of chairs neatly divide the center field and a large stage stands erect. At its center, there is a stately podium flanked by disciplined men wearing the militaristic suits of the Fruit of Islam, a visible security squad. This is Ford Field, usually known for housing the Detroit Lions football team, but on this occasion it plays host to a different gathering and sentiment. The seats are mostly full, both on the floor and in the stands, but if you look closely, you’ll find that this audience isn’t the standard sporting fare: the men are in smart suits, the women dress equally so, in long white dresses, gloves, and headscarves.
    [Show full text]
  • Westminsterresearch Synth Sonics As
    WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch Synth Sonics as Stylistic Signifiers in Sample-Based Hip-Hop: Synthetic Aesthetics from ‘Old-Skool’ to Trap Exarchos, M. This is an electronic version of a paper presented at the 2nd Annual Synthposium, Melbourne, Australia, 14 November 2016. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] 2nd Annual Synthposium Synthesisers: Meaning though Sonics Synth Sonics as Stylistic Signifiers in Sample-Based Hip-Hop: Synthetic Aesthetics from ‘Old-School’ to Trap Michail Exarchos (a.k.a. Stereo Mike), London College of Music, University of West London Intro-thesis The literature on synthesisers ranges from textbooks on usage and historiogra- phy1 to scholarly analysis of their technological development under musicological and sociotechnical perspectives2. Most of these approaches, in one form or another, ac- knowledge the impact of synthesisers on musical culture, either by celebrating their role in powering avant-garde eras of sonic experimentation and composition, or by mapping the relationship between manufacturing trends and stylistic divergences in popular mu- sic. The availability of affordable, portable and approachable synthesiser designs has been highlighted as a catalyst for their crossover from academic to popular spheres, while a number of authors have dealt with the transition from analogue to digital tech- nologies and their effect on the stylisation of performance and production approaches3.
    [Show full text]
  • United States District Court Northern District of New York
    Case 5:08-cv-00699-NPM-GHL Document 14 Filed 01/21/09 Page 1 of 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT NORTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK UMG Recordings, Inc., Atlantic Recording Corporation, SONY BMG Music Entertainment, Elektra Entertainment Group, Inc., and BMG Music, Plaintiffs, -v.- 5:08-CV-00699 (NPM/GHL) Ayisha Crockrell, Defendant. APPEARANCES: OF COUNSEL: FOR THE PLAINTIFF: Leclair Korona Giordano Cole LLP Steven E. Cole 150 State Street, Suite 300 Rochester, NY 14614-1353 FOR THE DEFENDANT Ayisha Crockrell No appearance Neal P. McCurn, Senior District Judge Summary Order The plaintiffs in this copyright infringement action, UMG Recordings, Inc., Atlantic Recording Corporation, SONY BMG Music Entertainment, Elektra Entertainment Group, Inc., and BMG Music (“Plaintiffs”), seek a default judgment Case 5:08-cv-00699-NPM-GHL Document 14 Filed 01/21/09 Page 2 of 5 against defendant, Ayisha Crockrell (“Defendant”), for violations of their exclusive rights in copyrighted materials. See 17 U.S.C. § 501 (2002). This action was commenced by the filing of a complaint and the issuance of a summons on July 1, 2008. On July 15, 2008, a copy of said summons and complaint were properly served upon Defendant pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(e)(2)(B), proof of which service was filed with this court on August 5, 2008. See Dkt. No. 6. Defendant has failed to appear, answer or otherwise move with respect to the complaint and Defendant’s time to appear, answer or otherwise move has expired. Consequently, at Plaintiffs’ request, Defendant’s default was entered by the Clerk of the Court on August 21, 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Flanagan's Running Club – Issue 44
    Flanagan's Running Club – Issue 44 Introduction The first rule of Flanagan's Running Club is everyone should be telling everyone they know about Flanagan's Running Club! After all, sharing is caring. Details of how to sign up is in the epilogue. There is no need to panic, there is no actual running involved, it is not a running club in that sense. The title is made up from extending the title of my favourite book – Flanagan’s Run by Tom McNab. So, sit back, grab a cup of coffee (or beer or wine or whatever), and enjoy the read. On This Day – 12th February 1832 – Ecuador annexes the Galápagos Islands. 1909 – The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded. 1993 – Two-year-old James Bulger is abducted from New Strand Shopping Centre by two ten-year-old boys, who later torture and murder him. 2019 – The country known as the Republic of Macedonia renames itself the Republic of North Macedonia in accordance with the Prespa agreement, settling a long-standing naming dispute with Greece. It’s National Freedom to Marry Day (United States) Red Hand Day (United Nations) Union Day (Myanmar) Youth Day (Venezuela) Thinker, Failure, Solider, Jailer. An Anthology of Great Lives in 365 Days Screamin’ Jay Hawkins, b. 1929, d. 2000 Screamin’ Jay Hawkins, who died aged seventy, was a performer whose bizarre and frenzied act caused a sensation in the early days of rock and roll; even more than Little Richard, he epitomised the wild and ungovernable aspect of the music.
    [Show full text]