DOCSLIB.ORG

Adsorptive Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals to Stabilize Nutraceuticals Loaded Lipid Carriers for Food Application

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Adsorptive Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals to Stabilize Nutraceuticals Loaded Lipid Carriers for Food Application The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library Fall 12-18-2020 Adsorptive Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals to Stabilize Nutraceuticals Loaded Lipid Carriers for Food Application Avinash S. Patel University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Food Chemistry Commons, Food Processing Commons, Other Food Science Commons, and the Other Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Patel, Avinash S., "Adsorptive Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals to Stabilize Nutraceuticals Loaded Lipid Carriers for Food Application" (2020). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3303. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/3303 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ADSORPTIVE SURFACE MODIFICATION OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS TO STABILIZE NUTRACEUTICALS LOADED LIPID CARRIERS FOR FOOD APPLICATION By Avinash Singh Patel M.S. Banaras Hindu University, India, 2014 B.S. Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, India, 2012 A DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in Food and Nutrition Sciences) The Graduate School The University of Maine December 2020 Advisory Committee: Mary E. Camire, Professor of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Co-Advisor Robert C. Causey, Professor of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Co-Advisor Carl P. Tripp, Professor of Chemistry Mehdi Tajvidi, Associate Professor of Renewable Nanomaterials Denise I. Skonberg, Professor of Food Science and Human Nutrition © 2020 Avinash Singh Patel All Rights Reserved ii ADSORPTIVE SURFACE MODIFICATION OF CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS TO STABILIZE NUTRACEUTICALS LOADED LIPID CARRIERS FOR FOOD APPLICATION By Avinash Singh Patel Dissertation Co-Advisors: Dr. Mary Ellen Camire and Dr. Robert Causey An Abstract of the Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor Philosophy (in Food and Nutrition Sciences) December 2020 Lipid carriers such as emulsions and liposomes have been widely studied as carriers for different nutraceuticals. However, lipid carriers' physicochemical instability results in the leakage of loaded nutraceuticals and the low solubility into the digestion medium, thus reducing the bioaccessibility. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are nano-sized cellulose derivatives obtained after hydrolysis of cellulosic matrices that possess potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, hydrophilicity, anionic surface potential, and poor re-dispersibility limit CNC’s applications. The primary objectives of this research were 1) to modify CNC via adsorbing polyethylene glycol (PEG) to stabilize liposomes and to study its physiochemical stability at different in vitro gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions, pH levels (1-11), temperatures (4-100 ºC) and illumination periods (4-72 hours); 2) to modify CNC via adsorbing lauric acid to stabilize O/W emulsion and to study its physicochemical stability at different pH (1-11), dilution factors (1-10 times), storage period (up to 30 days) and GIT conditions. Phycobiliprotein and beta-carotene were chosen as model nutraceuticals. iii In study 1, particle size and microscopic analysis revealed a better physical/kinetic stability for the liposomes stabilized with PEG-adsorbed CNC than the liposomes stabilized with unmodified CNC, resulting in significantly (p≤0.05) smaller average particle size during the initial and mouth phases of the in vitro GIT study, nonetheless a significant (p≤0.05) increase in the particle size from ~300 nm to ~5500 nm at gastric phase due to lower pH. Moreover, stabilized liposomes retained the attributes of phycobiliprotein against pH, illumination, and a temperature of 60 ̊C. In study 2, lauric acid-adsorbed CNC affirmed the kinetic/physical stability of emulsions throughout the GIT phases. Results exhibited a maximum of 65% beta-carotene bioaccessibility for the emulsion stabilized with modified CNC, and 71% for the emulsion stabilized with unmodified CNC. Moreover, a higher amount of lipid oxidation was recorded for the emulsion with stabilized modified CNC than the emulsion stabilized with gum Arabic. Although modified CNC retains the kinetic/physical stability of lipid carriers; however, it increases lipid carriers' chemical instability and decreases the loaded nutraceuticals' bioaccessibility. A strategic modification of CNC is needed to ensure the stability of lipid carriers and increased nutraceuticals bioaccessibility. iv DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my beloved mother, who taught me to believe in myself, my father, who taught me to believe in hard work and dedication, and my teachers and friends for providing me knowledge, devotion, and encouragement. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Fervently and modestly, I extol the genuine cooperation, inspiration and affection offered to me by the Co-Chairman of the advisory committee, Dr. Mary Ellen Camire, Professor of Food Science & Human Nutrition, in completing the research work in time, successfully. The present work bears the impression of her concrete suggestions, guidance, and meticulous attention to detail. I humbly place on record my respect and gratitude to Dr. Balunkeswar Nayak (former advisor), previously Associate Professor, School of Food and Agriculture, for his valuable guidance and cooperation towards completing my research and study. I am grateful to members of my advisory committee, Dr. Robert Causey, Dr. Carl P. Tripp, Dr. Mehdi Tajvidi, and Dr. Denise Skonberg, for constant motivation, rendered at all stages of this endeavor and my study period. I record my profound thanks to the India Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India, for awarding me with a prestigious Netaji Subhas International Fellow award (award number: 18(02)/2016-EQR/Edn.) and financial support to perform my doctoral degree at the University of Maine. I want to thank the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch project ME-021914, for financial support of my research work through the Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station (MAFES). I owe a deep debt of thankfulness and heartfelt regards to Dr. Abhijit Kar, ICAR- IARI, New Delhi for his endless inspirational help and Mr. Kuldeep Katiyar, Nicholas Shoes, Pvt. Ltd., Greater Noida, India for his generous financial supports providing a iv security bond of $10,000 FD (fix deposit) in favor of the ICAR, India until successful completion of the degree program. My sincere thanks to the Intensive English Institute and Office of International Programme for their kind support in my first year of classes and creating an overwhelming and friendly environment around the campus making this place feel like home. I also record my sincere thanks to Dr. L. Brian Perkins, Katherine Davis-Dentici, David Labrecque, and Kelly Edwards for their guidance and assistance on instrumentation and analysis. I would like to thank SuriyaPrakash Lakshmibalasubrmaniam and my other past and current labmates and friends (Praveen Sappati, Richa Arya, Adoum Fadaya Arabi, Samuel Akomea Frempong, Zach Dijkhoff, Holly Leung, Rosanna Woodruff, Islam Hafez and all my SFA family members, UMaine, for helping me in one or the other manner during my research work. Mere words of acknowledgment will never express my deepest sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my father Shri. Umashankar Patel, my brothers (Anurag and Ashwani) and sisters (Mrs. Shalendri Patel and Mrs. Arati Patel), my family members, whose much-cherished love, inspiration ever encouraging moral support; selfless sacrifices enabled me to pursue my studies with unfailing zeal and devotion. To them, I owe more than I say. The words are not eloquent enough to express my special feeling for my mother Smt. Basmati Devi, whose moral support, deep affection, encouragement, ever willing help and understanding always envisioned me throughout this research work. Last but not least, none is forgotten, but all of them may not be mentioned. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ...............................................................................................................v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... vi CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 1.1. Background ...................................................................................................1 1.2. Objectives .....................................................................................................5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................7 2.1. Nutraceuticals .................................................................................................8 2.1.1. Phycobiliproteins (PBP) ....................................................................10 2.1.2. Characteristics of PBP .......................................................................11 2.1.3. Stability of PBP .................................................................................12 2.1.4. Carotenoids .......................................................................................14
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN): Method, Characterization and Applications
    Garud et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 384-393 International Current http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol1Issue11/08.pdf Pharmaceutical Journal REVIEW ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN): Method, Characterization and Applications *Akanksha Garud, Deepti Singh, Navneet Garud Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Professional Studies, College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh 474002, India ABSTRACT Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) have emerged as a next-generation drug delivery system with potential applications in pharmaceutical field, cosmetics, research, clinical medicine and other allied sciences. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on these SLN as colloidal drug carriers for incorporating hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. Proteins and antigens intended for therapeutic purposes may be incorporated or adsorbed onto SLN, and further administered by parenteral routes or be alternative routes such as oral, nasal and pulmonary. The obstacles associated with conventional chemotherapy may be partially overcome by encapsulating them as SLN. The present review focuses on the utility of SLN in terms of their advantages, production methodology, characterization and applications. If properly investigated, SLNs may open new vistas in therapy of complex diseases. Key Words: Solid lipid nanoparticles, drug delivery, drug incorporation. INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION to cells and tissues and prevents them against Targeted delivery of a drug molecule to specific enzymatic degradation (Rao et al., 2004). The organ sites is one of the most challenging research advantages of nanoparticles as drug delivery areas in pharmaceutical sciences. By developing systems are that they are biodegradable, non-toxic, colloidal delivery systems such as liposomes, and capable of being stored for longer periods as micelles and nanoparticles, new frontiers have they are more stable (Chowdary et al., 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Comparison of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (Slns) And
    pharmaceutics Article Evaluation and Comparison of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) as Vectors to Develop Hydrochlorothiazide Effective and Safe Pediatric Oral Liquid Formulations Paola Mura 1 , Francesca Maestrelli 1 , Mario D’Ambrosio 2, Cristina Luceri 2 and Marzia Cirri 1,* 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; paola.mura@unifi.it (P.M.); francesca.maestrelli@unifi.it (F.M.) 2 Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy; mario.dambrosio@unifi.it (M.D.); cristina.luceri@unifi.it (C.L.) * Correspondence: marzia.cirri@unifi.it; Tel.: +39-055-4573674 Abstract: The aim of this study was the optimization of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanos- tructured lipid carriers (NLC) in terms of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties, to develop effective and stable aqueous liquid formulations of hydrochlorothiazide, suitable for paedi- atric therapy, overcoming its low-solubility and poor-stability problems. Based on solubility studies, Precirol® ATO5 and Transcutol® HP were used as solid and liquid lipids, respectively. The effect of different surfactants, also in different combinations and at different amounts, on particle size, Citation: Mura, P.; Maestrelli, F.; homogeneity and surface-charge of nanoparticles was carefully investigated. The best formulations D’Ambrosio, M.; Luceri, C.; Cirri, M. Evaluation and Comparison of Solid were selected for drug loading, and evaluated also for entrapment efficiency and release behaviour. ® Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and For both SLN and NLC series, the use of Gelucire 44/14 as surfactant rather than PluronicF68 or ® Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Tween 80 yielded a marked particle size reduction (95–75 nm compared to around 600–400 nm), and (NLCs) as Vectors to Develop an improvement in entrapment efficiency and drug release rate.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Nanoparticles, Their Preparation and Applications Ashish A
    Review Article ISSN: 0976-7126 CODEN (USA): IJPLCP Gawai et al., 11(4):6540-6548, 2020 [[ A Review on nanoparticles, their preparation and applications Ashish A. Gawai, Rahul J. Sarode and K.R. Biyani Anuradha College of Pharmacy, Chikhli, Buldana, (M.S) - India Abstract Article info The aim of pharmaceutical nanotechnology is to deliver the drug in the form of nanoparticles by enhancing their therapeutic potential. Received: 30/01/2020 Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging size 10 to 1000 nanometer, nanoparticle possess a matrix structure which incorporate Revised: 28/02/2020 pharmacological active substances & facilitate control release of active agent. While the nano capsule contains an oily core incorporating drug Accepted: 13/04/2020 surrounded by membrane structure. Nanoparticals use to successfully deliver the verity of drug protein, peptide & genes to cell both as non- © IJPLS targeted & targeted form. Drug can coupled in monomers that are specific for cell & organs. This strategies use to concentrate drug in www.ijplsjournal.com selected targeted tissues thus minimizing side effect & toxicity. Nanoparticles are prepared from either synthetic or natural macro molecules using two distinct techniques that is bottom up& top down technology. The bottom up technology adopts method to aggregate molecule into particle of nano range, while top-down adapt to breaking down macro molecules into nano range. Nano-tubes are used to deliver drug into targeted tissue cell & organs meanly use Carbon nanotube membrane. DNA nanotube, pharmaceutical nanoparticle are those where the drug is dissolved entrapped encapsulated or adsorbed on surface. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Encapsulated, Nanopolymers Introduction Nanoparticle is a small object that behaves as a therapeutic efficacy &reduction in side effect can whole unit in terms of its transport & properties, be achieved by various routs of administration size of nanoparticle is 1 to 100 nanometer, including oral, nasal, injection and intraocular use.
    [Show full text]
  • Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers As Novel Drug Delivery Systems: Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages
    Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, August 2018; 13(4): 288-303 School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Received: November 2017 IsfahanUniversity of Medical Sciences Accepted: February 2018 Review Article Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers as novel drug delivery systems: applications, advantages and disadvantages Parisa Ghasemiyeh1 and Soliman Mohammadi-Samani2,* 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran. 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran. Abstract During the recent years, more attentions have been focused on lipid base drug delivery system to overcome some limitations of conventional formulations. Among these delivery systems solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising delivery systems due to the ease of manufacturing processes, scale up capability, biocompatibility, and also biodegradability of formulation constituents and many other advantages which could be related to specific route of administration or nature of the materials are to be loaded to these delivery systems. The aim of this article is to review the advantages and limitations of these delivery systems based on the route of administration and to emphasis the effectiveness of such formulations. Keywords: Drug delivery systems; Nanoparticles; Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs); Routes of administration; Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Types of lipid nanoparticles 3. Methods of lipid nanoparticles preparation 3.1. High pressure homogenization technique 3.1.1. Hot high pressure homogenization 3.1.2. Cold high pressure homogenization 3.2. Solvent emulsification/evaporation technique 3.3. Microemulsion formation technique 3.4. Ultrasonic solvent emulsification technique 4. Lipid nanoparticles applications and different routes of administration 4.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Preparation Techniques, Their Characterization, and an Update on Recent Studies
    Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 10(06), pp 126-141, June, 2020 Available online at http://www.japsonline.com DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2020.10617 ISSN 2231-3354 Solid lipid nanoparticles: Preparation techniques, their characterization, and an update on recent studies Koduru Trideva Sastri*, Gadela Venkata Radha, Sruthi Pidikiti, Priya Vajjhala GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received on: 03/12/2019 Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a remarkable nanocolloidal system for drug delivery. This review Accepted on: 17/04/2020 presents contemporary information regarding various aspects about SLNs, i.e., SLN morphology, structural features, Available online: 05/06/2020 preparatory methods, and their characterizations. This carrier system allows advancing the therapeutic efficacy of drugs belonging to several categories. The present uses of SLNs include cancer therapy, infectious conditions, diabetes, central nervous system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, cosmeceuticals, and others. SLNs facilitate improved the Key words: pharmacokinetics and modify the drug releases. The prospect of surface modification, enhanced permeation against Solid lipid nanoparticles, various biological barriers, the ability to resist chemical degradation, and the possibility of encapsulation of two carrier system, nanomedicine, or more therapeutic agents simultaneously has gained attention for SLNs universally. Simultaneously, this review biocompatibility, emphasizes on recent research trends pertaining to this carrier system. nanotechnology. INTRODUCTION SLNs are morphologically spherical with a smooth In the past few years, there has been a fascinating surface possessing mean diameter ranging between 50 and development in nanoscale drug delivery technologies. Majorly 1,000 nm. Both in vivo and in vitro behaviors are dependent on biocompatible polymers and lipid excipients have been on the the physicochemical characterization of SLNs.
    [Show full text]
  • Surface Charge Modification and Antibacterial Study on Tilmicosin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Against Avian Pasteurella
    Research Article Annals of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics Published: 11 Jan, 2021 Surface Charge Modification and Antibacterial Study on Tilmicosin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles against Avian Pasteurella Mengmeng Lu1,2, Yiyan Wang1, Xihe Li3 and Wenzhong Zhou1* 1Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, China 2School of Life Sciences, Henan University, China 3Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolian Plateau, Inner Mongolia University, China Abstract Surface charge (zeta potential) is one of the most important factors of drug nanocarriers. In this study, Tilmicosin-loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (TMS-SLNs) were prepared by a hot homogenization and ultra-sonication technique using castor oil as lipid matrix and polyvinyl alcohol as surfactant. Dimethyl Dioctadecyl Ammonium Chloride (DDAC, 2%, w/w) was used as a cationic surfactant to modify the zeta potential of the SLNs for the purpose of improving the formulation. The obtained TMS-SLNs were characterized and the antibacterial ability was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against avian pasteurella. The results showed that addition of DDAC switched the zeta potential from - 11.7 ± 1.5 mv to 38.9 ± 1.5 mv. DDAC significantly increased the drug loading and enhanced the sustained release property of the TMS-SLNs. Scanning electron microscopy showed the SLNs were spherical and DDAC made no change of the morphology. Fluorescent microscopy revealed that DDAC enhanced the nanoparticle binding to the bacteria. The modified TMS-SLNs showed enhanced in vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacy and good stability similar to the unmodified formulation. These results suggest that DDAC modification facilitated drug entrapment and sustained release property of the TMS-SLNs.
    [Show full text]
  • Combination of Cell-Penetrating Peptides with Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Application: a Review
    biomolecules Review Combination of Cell-Penetrating Peptides with Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Application: A Review Sara Silva 1,2,* , António J. Almeida 2 and Nuno Vale 1,3,4,5 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] 2 Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1964-003 Lisbon, Portugal; [email protected] 3 Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal 4 Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal 5 Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-220-428-500 Received: 17 December 2018; Accepted: 3 January 2019; Published: 10 January 2019 Abstract: Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also known as protein translocation domains, membrane translocating sequences or Trojan peptides, are small molecules of 6 to 30 amino acid residues capable of penetrating biological barriers and cellular membranes. Furthermore, CPP have become an alternative strategy to overcome some of the current drug limitations and combat resistant strains since CPPs are capable of delivering different therapeutic molecules against a wide range of diseases. In this review, we address the recent conjugation of CPPs with nanoparticles, which constitutes a new class of delivery vectors with high pharmaceutical potential in a variety of diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • 09 2979 NANOTECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATED.Indd
    Disciplinarum Scientia. Série: Naturais e Tecnológicas, Santa Maria, v. 20, n. 2, p. 243-252, 2019. Recebido em: 09.09.2019. Aprovado em: 23.10.2019. ISSN 2176-462X NANOTECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH GRAPE SEED EXTRACT AND APPLICATIONS1 NANOTECNOLOGIA ASSOCIADA A EXTRATO DE SEMENTE DE UVA E SUAS APLICAÇÕES Giane Engel Montagner2, Aline de Oliveira Fogaça3 e Patrícia Gomes4 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the main nanostructures used to protect polyphenols present in grape seed extract and their actions. This study is an integrative review of the literature. The data collection was performed on 31st may, 2019, in the electronic databases Web of Science and Bireme (Virtual Health Library). The Boolean descriptors and operators used were: Nano* AND Grape seed AND Extract. English, Spanish or Portuguese were included in the sample. The search in the databases resulted in the collection of 132 articles, of which 12 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. As all the nanoparticles containing grape seed extract maintained or increased the activity of the polyphenols present in the extract, thus showing that the use of nanotechnology is effective in protecting these bioactive compounds and can be used in health and food industry. Keywords: antioxidant, nanoparticle, oxidative stress, polyphenols. RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as principais nanoestruturas utilizadas para proteger polifenóis presentes no extrato de semente de uva e suas ações. Este estudo é uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A coleta dos dados foi realizada no dia 31 de maio de 2019, nas bases de dados eletrônicos Web of Science e Bireme (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde).
    [Show full text]
  • Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: a Review
    Sci. Revs. Chem. Commun.: 2(1), 2012, 80-102 ISSN 2277-2669 SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES: A REVIEW P. EKAMBARAM, A. ABDUL HASAN SATHALI* and K. PRIYANKA Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Madurai Medical College, MADURAI – 625020 (T.N.) INDIA (Received : 10.10.2011; Revised : 22.10.2011; Accepted : 25.10.2011) ABSTRACT Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are at the forefront of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with several potential applications in drug delivery and research. Due to their unique size dependent properties, lipid nanoparticles offer possibility to develop new therapeutics. The ability to incorporate drugs into nanocarriers offers a new prototype in drug delivery that could use for drug targeting. Hence solid lipid nanoparticles hold great promise for reaching the goal of controlled and site specific drug delivery and hence attracted wide attention of researchers. This review presents a broad treatment of solid lipid nanoparticles discussing their aims, production procedures, advantages, limitations and their possible remedies. Appropriate analytical techniques for the characterization of SLN like photon correlation spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry are highlighted. Aspects of SLN route of administration and the in vivo fate of the carriers are also discussed. Key words: Colloidal drug carriers, Homogenization, TEM, PCS, Biodistribution targeting. INTRODUCTION Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) introduced in 1991 represent an alternative carrier system to tradition colloidal carriers such as - emulsions, liposomes and polymeric micro – and nanoparticles1. Nanoparticles made from solid lipids are attracting major attention as novel colloidal drug carrier for intravenous applications as they have been proposed as an alternative particulate carrier system. SLN are sub-micron colloidal carriers ranging from 50 to 1000 nm, which are composed of physiological lipid, dispersed in water or in aqueous surfactant solution.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Loading of Natural Plant Extracts and Their Biomedical Applications
    International Journal of Nanomedicine Dovepress open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Loading of Natural Plant Extracts and Their Biomedical Applications This article was published in the following Dove Press journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine HeshuSulaimanRahman 1,2 Abstract: Many types of research have distinctly addressed the efficacy of natural plant Hemn Hassan Othman 3 metabolites used for human consumption both in cell culture and preclinical animal model Nahidah Ibrahim Hammadi 4 systems. However, these in vitro and in vivo effects have not been able to be translated for fi Swee Keong Yeap5 clinical use because of several factors such as inef cient systemic delivery and bioavail- ability of promising agents that significantly contribute to this disconnection. Over the past Kawa Mohammad Amin 6 decades, extraordinary advances have been made successfully on the development of novel Nozlena Abdul Samad7 drug delivery systems for encapsulation of plant active metabolites including organic, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen 8 inorganic and hybrid nanoparticles. The advanced formulas are confirmed to have extra- 1Department of Physiology, College of ordinary benefits over conventional and previously used systems in the manner of solubility, Medicine, University of Sulaimani, bioavailability, toxicity, pharmacological activity, stability, distribution, sustained delivery, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Republic of Iraq; 2Department of Medical Laboratory and both physical and chemical degradation. The current review highlights the development Sciences, College of Health Sciences, of novel nanocarrier for plant active compounds, their method of preparation, type of active Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Republic of Iraq; ingredients, and their biomedical applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Polymeric and Lipid Nanoparticles: Which Applications in Pediatrics?
    pharmaceutics Review Polymeric and Lipid Nanoparticles: Which Applications in Pediatrics? Noelia Nieto González 1, Antonella Obinu 2, Giovanna Rassu 2,* , Paolo Giunchedi 2 and Elisabetta Gavini 2 1 PhD Program in Chemical Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy; [email protected] (A.O.); [email protected] (P.G.); [email protected] (E.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-079228735 Abstract: This review aims to provide the state of the art on polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, used or suggested to approach pediatric diseases’ problems and needs, and to inspire new researches in this field. Several drugs are currently not available in formulations suitable for pediatric patients. The United States Pediatric Formulation Initiative suggested applying new technologies to pediatric drug formulations, for instance, nanotechnology. The literature analysis showed that polymeric and lipid nanoparticles have been widely studied to treat pediatric diseases, and albumin nanoparticles and liposomes are already used in clinical practice. Nevertheless, these studies are focused almost exclusively on pediatric cancer treatment. Although nanomedicine may solve many needs of pediatric diseases and medicines, the unavailability of data on pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of both drugs and nanoparticles in pediatric patients limits the development of new pediatric medicines based on nanoparticles. Therefore, nanomedicine applied in pediatrics remains a significant challenge in the near future. Citation: Nieto González, N.; Obinu, A.; Rassu, G.; Giunchedi, P.; Gavini, E. Keywords: nanomedicine; polymeric nanoparticle; lipid nanoparticle; pediatric disease; pedi- Polymeric and Lipid Nanoparticles: atric medicine Which Applications in Pediatrics? Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 670.
    [Show full text]
  • Design, Preparation, and Characterization of Effective Dermal and Transdermal Lipid Nanoparticles: a Review
    cosmetics Review Design, Preparation, and Characterization of Effective Dermal and Transdermal Lipid Nanoparticles: A Review Dima Khater 1 , Hamdi Nsairat 2 , Fadwa Odeh 3,* , Mais Saleh 4 , Areej Jaber 2, Walhan Alshaer 5 , Abeer Al Bawab 3,6 and Mohammad S. Mubarak 3,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan; [email protected] 2 Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan; [email protected] (H.N.); [email protected] (A.J.) 3 Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; [email protected] 4 Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; [email protected] 5 Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; [email protected] 6 Hamdi Mango Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.O.); [email protected] (M.S.M.) Abstract: Limited permeability through the stratum corneum (SC) is a major obstacle for numerous skin care products. One promising approach is to use lipid nanoparticles as they not only facilitate penetration across skin but also avoid the drawbacks of conventional skin formulations. This review focuses on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid nanocarriers (NLCs), and nanoemulsions (NEs) developed for topical and transdermal delivery of active compounds. A Citation: Khater, D.; Nsairat, H.; special emphasis in this review is placed on composition, preparation, modifications, structure and Odeh, F.; Saleh, M.; Jaber, A.; Alshaer, characterization, mechanism of penetration, and recent application of these nanoparticles.
    [Show full text]