SVP National Police Academy Journal December - 2019 Vol. LXVIII, No. 2 Published by SVP National Police Academy Hyderabad ISSN 2395 - 2733 SVP NPA Journal December - 2019 EDITORIAL BOARD Chairperson Shri Abhay, Director Members Shri Rajeev Sabharwal Joint Director Dr. K P A Ilyas Assistant Director (Publications) EXTERNAL MEMBERS Prof. Umeshwar Pandey Director, Centre for Organization Development, P.O. Cyberabad, Madhapur, Hyderabad - 500 081 Dr. S.Subramanian, IPS (Retd) Former DG of Police, Apartment L-1 Block- 1, Gujan Paripalana, Gujan Atreya Complex, GKS Avenue, Bharatiyar University Post, Coimbatore - 641 046 Shri H. J.Dora, IPS (Retd) Former DGP, Andhra Pradesh H.No. 204, Avenue - 7, Road No. 3, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 34 Shri V.N. Rai, IPS (Retd) # 467,Sector-9,Faridabad, Haryana-121 006 Shri Sankar Sen, IPS (Retd) Senior Fellow, Head, Human Rights Studies, Institute of Social Sciences, 8, Nelson Mandela Road, New Delhi - 110 070 ii Volume 68 Number 2 December - 2019 Contents 1 Role of Community Policing in Responding to Natural Disaster - A Study Based on Kerala Floods - 2018........................................... 1 Dr. B. Sandhya, IPS 2 Police Subculture and Its Influence on Arrest Discretion Behaviour: An Empirical Study in the Context of Indian Police .............................................. 41 Satyajit Mohanty, IPS 3 The Dilemmas of Democratic Policing & Police Reforms ........................ 62 Umesh Sharraf, IPS 4 Child Beggary and Trafficking Challenges and Remedies ..................... 68 Dr. M.A. Saleem, IPS 5 Rents, Sanctions for Prosecutions and Corruption Control: Evidences from the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, India........................................ 74 Kannan Perumal, IPS 6 Transfer- Bane or Boon........................................................................................ 90 P.S.Bawa, IPS (Retd) 7 Indian Approach in Ensuring Cyber Safety of Children - An Analysis ........ 100 Dr. Nagarathna. A 8 Changing Contours of Cyber security: Challenges, Response and Preparedness........ ............................................................................................. 114 Sudipta Das, IPS 9 Artificial Intelligence in Railway Security.......................................................... 130 Chokka Raghuveer 10 Drones: Threats, Countering Techniques & Challenges................................. 137 Colonel Deepak Kumar 11 Research as a Reinforcer for Effective Police Training ..................... Prof. A.K. Saxena 148 12 Artificial Intelligence: An Intangible Capacity Builder for India.................... Capt Rahul Tiwari 155 Iii Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy Journal Vol. LXVIII, No. 2, 1- 40 Role of Community Policing In Responding to Natural Disasters - A Study Based on Kerala Floods - 2018 Dr. B.Sandhya, IPS* I. Introduction The severe monsoon rains which played havoc in the terrains of the State of Kerala, India, during June-August 2018 caused huge devastation in the affected districts and scarred the lives of inhabitants. About one sixth of the population of the State of Kerala was affected directly by the floods. The Government of India declared it as a level 3 calamity or calamity of a severe nature. Around 483 people died and 140 went missing. Property damaged is estimated to be Rs 400 billion. Kerala received around 116% more rains than the usual rainfall resulting in dams filling to their maximum capacity and all the dams had to be opened, causing flooding of low lying areas. Rescue operations had to be undertaken. Kerala Police was given the mandate to lead rescue operations by the State Government. There was coordinated work by all stakeholders like Fire & Rescue Services, State Disaster Management Authorities, Revenue Department, Health Department, Water Authority, Electricity Board etc. The National Crisis Management Committee coordinated the National Level operations. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), the Navy, Army and the Air Force joined the rescue operations. The major stakeholders in the rescue operations, the first responders i.e. mainly police forces cannot be said to have been well prepared, as a flood of similar magnitude had struck Kerala only a hundred years ago (the deluge of 99 which happened in the Malayalam era of 1099, ie in 1924). However, the rescue mission under the name ‘Operation Jalaraksha’ and rehabilitation and sanitation mission carried out under the name Operation Jalaraksha – II’ were monumental as far as the history of Kerala Police is concerned. *Director, KPA & DGP Training, Kerala. 2 Dr. B.Sandhya This study is based on the work done by the Research team of Kerala Police Academy. The documented data are accumulated from the direct interface of Flood Relief Camps, various stakeholder departments, and experiences of the police officers and community volunteers and people who confronted with the flood. Most of the volunteers and Police Officers unanimously opined during individual interviews and group discussions and reviews that the Janamaithri Suraksha Project, the State sponsored Community Policing Project, in vogue in Kerala for the last ten years was the main reason for the capability of the police force making them face the tremendous task with confidence. The community support and intimate knowledge of the community they already possessed as a result of the Janamaithri Suraksha Project enabled them to face the challenge with confidence. This is the backdrop to the quintessential role played by the Community Policing of Kerala in saving precious lives, which has prompted me to analysis the collected data in an objective manner. II. Objectives 1. To find out the role of Community Policing in enabling the Kerala Police to respond to the Kerala deluge 2018. 2. To do an objective analysis of Post Flood Resilience of the Kerala Police and Kerala Community. 3. To suggest a template for police to deal with disaster as first responders. III. Methodology of Research 4. Direct interview of first responder police officers and affected people by visiting the affected areas, police stations and rescue shelters. 5. Direct interview of other stakeholder Department officials. 6. Analysis of secondary data from other sources like police officers, other government officers, NGOs, youth clubs etc. and archives. III. Relevance A natural disaster of a very serious dimension was never deeply researched or studied in Kerala so that disaster preparedness can be done based on empirical studies. The present study is only a stepping stone. Various stakeholders can make further studies and improve upon the disaster preparedness of the first responders as well as the disaster management team. IV. Limitations Though the research team visited all the major flood affected areas, in many of the police station limits seriously affected by flood, the officers were too deeply involved in the operations that they could not document their work. Role of Community Policing in… 3 V. Literature Survey As per the Disaster Management Act 2005, a disaster means a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising of natural or manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human suffering or damage to property or degradation of environment, and is of such a nature of magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area. The Asian continent has witnessed, in the past, many calamities in the form of landslides, floods, tsunamis, famines, cyclones, earth quakes etc. Gujarat earth quake (2001), Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004), flood in Tamil Nadu, and Bihar (2017) are few disasters that have created havoc in India in the recent past. The most recent being Kerala Flood (2018), (Disaster Management Laws in SAARC countries edited by S.Sivakumar, Manohar Thairani and Lisa P Lukose-page1). The onslaught of flood and course of recovery in Kerala as described by Muralee Thummarkudy1 states thus: People from all walks of life - fishermen to IT professionals, housewives and college students - came together to lend a helping hand. As the State administration was overwhelmed by a large number of rescue calls, many of them without our complete information and often in duplicate, young professionals sitting around the world quickly established a 24X7 help–desk that received the calls, eliminated duplicates, found exact coordinates from Google Earth and relayed precise information to the rescue teams. Relief camps came up all around and there was no shortage of resources. While a few camps did have a shortage of food or dress in the initial days, the bigger problem was that an excess of supplies came from near and far. Caste, religion, political ideology did not matter in the rescue and relief operation. It was Kerala at its best. While Kerala did exceptionally well in post-disaster rescue and relief, its performance in the pre-disaster situation was not as exemplary. It is noteworthy to mention that the Kerala flood has witnessed a standout contribution of fisher folk community who braved the precarious flood situation and lent a helping hand in saving people who were marooned due to the deluge. As per the report, ‘the fishing community of the State rendered phenomenal voluntary assistance towards search and rescue in the flood affected areas. Nearly 669 boats that went out with 4537 fishermen estimated to have saved at least 65000 lives’. The newspapers reported that the fishermen spent their own money to transport their mechanised boats and fuel. In