27778 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August~ 25, 197v LaboJ:.. Amend&. the National Labor Relations o! information identifying any individual's the national flood insurancepmgram as pre Act to prnvide. that an_ employee shall not association with the foreign intelligence-op requisites !or Federal ap_pro11al of financial be required to join Ol'. support a labor orga eration o! the United States. assistance !or acq_uisitlon..or oonstructlon of, nization as a condition of employment if it Js H.R. 14915. July: 28, 1976. Banking, Cur or. for lending_ institution. loans- secured by, contrary to his religion. rency and Housing. .Amends- the Flood DJsas any hullding, mobile home, EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS MASSACHUSETTS IS PROUD OF aged musical program offering nothing too larity. They represent a surefire source of ARTHUR FIEDLER weighty or avantgarde-plays a big part 1n income.. that helps offset sizable losses in the p_erennial popularity of the Boston Pops other parts of the organization. The Boston concerts. During the Spring and summer Symphony Orchestra itself, which must un HON. JAMES A. BURKE months here. the sedate Symphony Hall 1s derwrite costly top talent and numerous re transformed 1n Mr. Morris's words, into a hearsals, and the Berkshire lll£U.sic Center, a OF li4ASSACHUSE'l'TS "magical garden," and the 105-member school for musicians at the orchestra's sum IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Boston Symphony Orchestra sheds its 12 mer home in Tanglewood, Mass. principal players to become the Boston. Pops Wednesday, August 25, 1976 OVerall, the Boston Symphony duesn't Orchestra. (The top musicians, one from come close to meeting its $8.5 million annual Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. each instrumental section. form a separate operating expenses With the $6 million it Speaker, I am sure my colleagues are all chamber-music group during the season.) takes in from ticket sales and other direct aware of the renowned conductor of the Over the years, the Boston. Pops has had sources. Contributions and endowment in- Boston Pops Orchestra, Arthur Fiedler. an enormous influence on the musical tastes come barely close the gap.. · of Americans far and wide, by popularizing While the orchestra has tried to bolster Maestro Fiedler, now 81 years of age, classical music and introducing "serious" its income by ra.!sing ticket prices, booking has been conducting the Boston Pops music lovers to the best of the popular fare. Symphony Ha.ll for other events and hosting since 1930. Through concert tours and And presiding-over it all Js white-hatred. 81- summer rock concerts at Tanglewood, in public television performances, he has yea.r-old Arthur Fiedler, who looks Uke the creasingly it has come to rely on the Bos~on brought a new appreciation and love of very protoype of a maestro. He haa con Pops. This year it extended the Pops season music into the lives of many Americans. ducted the orchestra for the past 47 seasons, into July and switched the siX-concert-a Mr. Fiedler's innovative programs, com a tenure longer than all 17 of hls predeces week Pops schedule to provide an extra. bining classical and popular musical sors combined. weekend performance. For the past six "Arthur Fiedler 1s the ambassador of music years, it has collaborated with WGBH. Bos styles, create delightful and exciting per to America," says Ralph Black, executive di ton's public television station, to air formances, with something for everyone. rector of the American Symphony Orchestra "Evening at Pops,.. splitting with the station The people of the Commonwealth of League, a Vienna, Va., trade associ&t1on. a $500,000 to $600,000 annual production Massachusetts are particularly proud of .. What he's done 1s reach the Dl888es. Hts grant !rom Martin Marietta Corp. Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops and music says, 'Come out and give It a. try and The Boston Pops has few of the financial fill have-a. good time.' .. problems facing the Symphony. Most of its Symphony Hall in Boston every Largely as a result of Mr. Fiedler's influ tickets (ranging in price from $2.00 to $8.50) evening there is a concert. Many Massa ence. most of the nation's 1,451 symphony are sold out in advance as early as the pre chusetts groups and organizattons have orchestras have been giving pops concerts ceding !all, often in large blocks to compa honored Mr. Fiedler over the years for h1s for the past two decades. But few set aside a nies and organlza.tions. It can keep labor contributions to the world of music, specific time of year for the performances, costs at a minimum by holding only one among these the 1972 Bay Stater of the and even !ewer add the flllip of refresh three-hour rehearsal a week because the Year Award presented by the Massa ments and a relaxed, informal setting. material, besides being simple and familiar, chusetts State Society of Washington. It wa.s in 1885 that Henry Lee H1gglnson, is repeated throughout the week. And sales D.C. a Boston financier who had founded the Bos of Boston Pops recording (ranging in flavor ton Symphony Orchestra four years earlier, from Tcha.tkovsky's "Swan Lake" to "Salute As the 1976 recipient of the Bay State reallzed another part of his dream: to pre to Disney") have reached some 50 m1lllon Award, I am indeed honored to join such sent "concerts of a lighter type of music." copies, probably more than those of any distinguished company. I would like to This light music was combined With light re other orchestra. join with the Massachusetts State Society freshments, and these "promenade" con Perhaps the key to the Boston Pops' wide in paying further tribute to Arthur certs--soon renamed "popular" and then appeal 1s Arthur Fledler's near-flawless in Fiedler by introducing the following Wall Hpops"-quickly became a Boston institu stinct for what will please the crowds. Al tion. though practica.lly anything goes--from Street Journal article in today's CoN VIOLINIST li4AKES GOOD Beethoven to the Bea.tles and beyond-he GRESIONAL RECORD. By the time Arthur Fiedler, a young vio tends to stay away from weightier symphonies .ARTHUR FIEDLER MIXES POP AND THE linist with the Boston Symphony, was named and esoteric rock music. "I'm a middle-of CLASSICS AS CONCERTGOERS CHEER-His conductor of the Pops in 1930, however, the the-road guy," he says. "People like the BOSTON POPS ORCHESTRA KEEPs THE popularlty of the concerts had paled. So the things they know, and I play the music they MOOD LivELY, INFLUENCES U.S. TASTES young maestro, who had spearheaded a like. I'd have trained. seals here if people A VIOLEST REFUSES TO WHISTLE campaign for free outdoor concerts the year wanted them." before, enlivened. the Boston Pops reper The Fiedler flair-or, some say, formula- (By Liz Roman Gallese) was much in evidence at Symphony Hall BosTON.-It 1s a sultry summer evening, toire and won cheers !rom critics and con certgoers alike. on a. recent Tuesday night as the conductor and here at Symphony Hall, spotlighted ascended to the podium promptly at 8:30 under a canopy of shlmmertng white light, Today, though some critics are less than p.m. Like all Boston Pops concerts, thJs one conductor Arthur Fiedler lifts his baton enthusiastic, the crowds are stlll cheering. is divided into three distinct parts: the first before the Boston Pops Orchestra. Strains The Boston Pops plays to packed houses in two featuring light classical music, the third of a. Gershwin medley fill the hall. In the Symphony Hall six nights a week dur1ng popular tunes. "You plan a musical pro-_ audience, men in bright sport jackets and May and June. Crowds flood the Charles gram the way a master che! plans a. menu," women in summer dresses sit around tiny River bank for free concerts in July (con Mr. Fiedler says. "You have a tempting ap tables, sipping white wine, nibbling tiny ducted mostly by Mr. Fiedler's assistant, petizer, a. fresh salad with a piquant dress sandwiches and bobbing their heads to the Harry Ellis Dickson). For 10 months of the ing, a robust main course, a carefully chosen music. The mood of festivity-even frivol year, Mr. Fiedler takes up his baton as dessel'lt." ity-never sags throughout the two-hour guest conductor at pops concerts given by Kicking off the program Is "Variations performance. Indeed, Mr. Fiedler is host of symphony orchestras throughout the U.S. on 'America,'" an Ives-8chuman number the biggest party in town. and abroad. And millions of Americans see that capitalizes on the audience'13 early-eve "Arthur Fiedler has a consummate knack him conduct the Boston Pops on nationwide ning enthusiasm with its attention-grabbing for building the audience up to a pitch with public television for 13 weeks each summer. shifts in tempo and mood. Rousing applause a mix of music and sending them home All this earllS for Mr. Fiedler a comfortable follows the piece. A shol'lt Rheinberger con happy for more," says Thomas Morris, man salary, but neither he nor the Boston Sym certo and an even shorter- MO:l'art sonata ager of the Boston Symphony Orchestra Inc., phony will specify the amount of his income. precedes the first intel'Ullssion. the Pops' parent organization. ''It's a. show." For the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the After intermission comes the most seri Showmanship together with a well-pack- Boston Pops concerts mean more than popu- ous part of the program, two lengthier con- 1 August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27779 ccrtos by composers Bruch and Gershwin. honorary citizen of Natchez, Miss., and hon prescription of the "better life" and But it 1s the last segment of the program orray chief of the Otoe Mlss()url Indian tribe which predictably, but unfortunately, that truly captivates the audience. The or In Oklahoma. Knowing his passion for chas resulted in Soviet military aggression. It chestra strikes up a medley of stephen Fos ing fl.res (his car is equipped with a scanner is no wonder, Mr. Speaker, that August ter tunes, alternating slow melodies like to pick up fire calls). some 880 cities have 21, 1968, has been appropriately called "Beautiful Dreamer" with zippier numbers named him honorary fire chief, and his col the "Soviet Day of Shame." like "Oh! Susanna." lection of fireman's helmets numbers over 200. Last month, I joined with many of my During a medley of Gershwin tunes from in the musical "Girl Crazy," the orchestra Offstage as well as on, Mr. Fiedler works colleagues commemorating the 18th makes clicking sounds to the beat of "But hard. He comes Into h1s tiny corner office in anniversary of Captive Nations Week, Not for Me ... And just before the finale, Mr. Symph()ny Hall every day from 10 a.m. to and I am reminded that 20 years ago, in Fiedler sneaks in a surprise that isn't listed 2 p.m. to conduct rehearsals, pore over scripts 1956, Soviet troops smashed the heroic on the program-the popular theme from and audition soloists. He has a late lunch at efforts of the Hungarian and Polish Free the movie "The Way We Were." Capping his home in Brookline, then spends the after dom Fighters to expel the yoke of Rus the evening is "Look Sharp, Be Sharp," the noon resting. He is at his most relaxed after concerts, when he often invites autograph sian occupation. Protests by these brave onetime Gillette razor-blade advertising jin people is all the more impressive when gle, a. piece that the Pops plays frequently. seekers to have a beer with him. He never Mr. Fiedler keeps careful files on the takes vacations; one of his favorite axioms is: we realize that for over a generation groups that attend his concerts, so that he .. He who rests, rots." freedom fighters from the Soviet doesn't repeat the same music when they A FRUSTRATED ARTIST? dominated satellite states have been re return the next year. He also plays special Privately, Mr. Fiedler doesn't measure up sisting this barbaric oppression. requests 1f orchestra arrangements of the to his flamboyant onstage image. He shrugs Sad as these events are, Mr. Speaker, tunes are available. off the stunts he's called upon to perform it is imperative that freedom loving peo The conductor also accommodates (WGBH, for example, filmed him riding down ple throughout the world pause and pay groups that want to hear a particular solo the Grand Canyon on a mule for one televi tribute to those who have sacrificed so ist, if the soloist meets with his approval at sion show), saying, "I'm not a showman; I see much to remove Communist tyranny an audition. Because the New England Con myself as a conductor." Some of his col servatory Preparatory School bought a leagues see him as someone who has been from their homelands. Let us bear in block of tickets for the recent Tuesday con unable to shed the effects of a restrictive Vic mind the plight of these brave people cert, for example, two of Its students, a vio torian-era upbrlng1ng. "He's a complete loner and let them know that while they live Unist and a pianist, played the important who hates to show emotion," Mr. Dickson under tyranny, there are those in the Bruch and Gershwin concertos. "They says. "I'm as close to him as anyone, and free world who will continue to light the weren't the greBJtest, but they passed," Mr. still I can't get too close." torch of freedom in order that they, too, Fiedler says. others say they sense in him a great deal may one day experience the blessings of CHAMPAGNE AND FISH CAKES of dissatisfaction, as if he mourns for the career he aspired to but never attained: that liberty. Whereas only the finest classical perform Mr. Speaker, I join the hundreds of ers play solo numbers at Boston Symphony of a great symphony-orchestra conductor. A concerts, Pops concerts give some of the biography of Mr. Fiedler relates the story thousands of Americans of Czech, Slovak, orchestra's lesser-known musicians-as well that Serge Kossevitsky, the temperamental and Subcarpatho-Ruthenian descent and as younger outsiders-a spot 1n the lime Russian who conducted the Boston Sym the millions of freedom loving people light. But some say the extra work isn't phony between 1924 and 1949, rescinded an everYWhere in observing this eighth an worth It. Ann Hobson, a harpist who has so Invitation he had given him to conduct the niversary of Soviet aggression and occu.. loed several times at Boston Pops concerts. orchestra in 1945 because Mr. Fiedler had agreed to do a concert with the then-bobby pation, and I urge my colleagues to join says, "The Pops audience isn't as attentive. in the observance of this infamous event. and it's discouraging to hear them clinking soxer idol, Frank Sinatra. champagne glasses." "Arthur Fiedler had to buy his success at Though most orchestra members say Pops a price, and that price 1s dealing with music concerts can be fun, some complain about that isn't that challenging," says Mr. Stein the grueling schedule and the relatively un berg, the music critic. "A certain defensive PERSONAL EXPLANATION ON challengtng program... It's the difference be ness 1s a part of his posture ... SWINE FLU Bn..L, S. 3735 tween lobster and chopped fish cakes," says Just who wm replace him ultimately 1s Arthur Press, a timpani player. And Mr. something Boston Symphony Orchestra offi Dickson, the assistant conductor, says that cials don't easily talk about. Some outsiders HON. CARDISS COLLINS "Stars an.d Stripes Forever" is "enough to speculate that the successor could be Erich OJ' ILLINOIS drive you out of your mind when you play it Kunze!, conductor of the New Haven Sym IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES every night." phony who has substituted for Mr. Fiedler At least one musician refuses to enter into and has gotten good audience response. But Wednesday~ August 25~ 1976 ()fficials say they haven't made specific plans. the spirit o( things. Eugene Lehner, a 7o Mrs. COLLINS of Dllnois. Mr. Speaker. year-old violist, treats the more excessive Talcott Banks, president of the Boston Sym Pops ft.ourlshes with tight-Upped disdain. phony, says: "I have no reason to suppose on the eve of our recent recess, August 10. When the other musicians clap their hands Arthur Fiedler isn't immortal... the House acted in considerable haste to to a Beatles tune, Ml'. Lehner's hands remain pass the Swine Flu bill, S. 3735. I voted in hts lap. When they whistle to music from "present" on this bill for what I believe "Bridge on the River Kwai," he steadfastly to be good reasons and I would like to refuses. "He hates anything undignified," Mr. offer them here for the benefit of my Dickson explains. "He says he wasn't hired THE EIGHTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE SOVIET INTERVENTION IN CZECH colleagues. to clap." As with all Members of Congress, pro Most serious critics share Mr. Lehner's dis OSLOVAKIA taste tor Ml'. Fielder's unabashedly commer tecting the interests of those we repre cial approach. The Boston Pops concerts sent is our primary legislative goal. With "aren't regarded seriously as a musical HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN this objective in mind, any legislation event," says Michael Steinberg, music critic OF NEW YORK claiming to advance the health and wel for The Boston Globe. While he says the Bos IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fare of our citizens immediately attracts ton Symphony Orchestra is "happy to take my attention and causes me to investi the money Arthur Fiedler brings in," he con Wednesday, August 25, 1976 gate the validity of its claims. tends that management has been "tradition ally embarrassed" by him. Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, August 21, As my colleagues know, this bill was Nor does Mr. Steinberg accept him as a 1976, commemorates the eighth anni presented to the Members of the House teacher of the masses. The Boston Pops "is a versary of the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact at the eleventh hour and, therefore, was slam-bang, cram operation for people who invasion of Czechoslovakia, an invasJon not thoroughly reviewed by the appropri don't listen to music," he says, adding that that crushed the brief, 7~-month life ate House committees. Most Members of most of the music is "stuff you get on of the reform-minded administration of this Chamber were without a copy of the Muzak." Alexander Dubcek. The Dubcek regime bill during the discussion of it. Such Maybe, but the people love the Pops, and sought to lift East-West trade and hasty action frequently results in sig they adore Arthur Fiedler. Fans across the nificant harm to the American public. I country have given him numerous honorary travel restrictions, ease internal religious degrees, "seri()US" music awards and other restraints, and remove literary and press fear such could be the case here. tokens of their affection. He was named hon censorship-policies that constituted a According to the dictates of this bill, orary cable-car conductor in San Francisco, direct threat to the Soviet totalitarian the insurance companies of America are 27780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 25, 1976 relieved from theh· traditional role as administrator, said that it had been due pected. American consumers are buying risk underwriters. As passed, s. 3735 largely to the increase 1n volume of patients bigger cars in greater number than expected. makes the U.S. Government the sole and services to patients. This increased vol In a comfortable democracy, people don't guarantor for the safety and quality ume was brought about by the increased want to listen to talk about invisible crises of the Swine Flu vaccine. In fact, there number of doctors on the medical sta.tr. He that can reappear. Politicians who criticize pointed out that there are enough doctors to people for their wasteful ways risk being is no set financial limit to Federal lia see patients in the community, whereas be punished at the polls. bility. Thus, the Government-and ulti fore, most services were sought elsewhere. Something has to be done, energy experts mately the American people-has as The hospital is now operating at the best agree, and some things can be done. sumed a responsibility that the insur utilized capacity when before it was seldom About $10 billion could be appropriated ance companies refused to accept. pushed to best capacity. The increase in by Congress to put a. 90-day supply of oil tn One must wonder why the insurance number of patients provides spreading the storage for use in an emergency. That would cost over the greater volume. give the nation time to cope with another companies who are in the business of Just six years ago, people of Hinesville and insuring against loss are unwilling to in embargo. Liberty County were traveling great dis The United States can work harder to sure the products of the pharmaceutical tances for a. good portion of their medical reach a. negotiated solution of the Middle companies with whom they regularly do needs. There were two doctors here and their East problem to reduce the chance of an business. Could it- be that the safety of offices were always crowded, so many people other Mideast war. the vaccine has not been thoroughly left the county to get medical help else This nation can develop its huge coal re tested? Or, will enactment of S. 3735 be where. serves with proper concern for protecting the the first step to furthering the Govern Th Hospital Authority set up a. recruit environment from possible damage. It can • ment program to bring new doctors to the continue to push its plans for nuclear energy. ment's role as a malpractice insurer? community, and this program was welcomed Significantly, testimony recently pre And it can continue to promote conservation and endorsed by the two doctors. of energy, especially in industry. sented in the Senate indicates that the The Hospital Authority succeeded in at But one consideration should be kept in insurance companies may no longer wish tracting OB-Gyn specialist, Dr. Chen Shih; mind. The nation, through its elected repre· to insure the producers of polio or rubella two Pediatric specialists, Dr. Grace Bautista. senta.tives, can go no faster and no fa.rthe1 vaccine. and Dr. Cecilia. Ong; two general practice than the people want it to go. We have, in effect, subsidized the drug anesthesiologists, Dr. Victor Bautista and Dr. Tony Ong (whose practice is at Midway, industry and removed the incentive for 9 miles from Hinesville) to the community. it as a producer to take all possible steps Dr. Ben Sila.n, another surgeon came to ARTHUR LAFFER EXPLAINS WHY to guard against the manufacture and Hinesville in 1975, and two Brunswick THERE NEED NOT BE A TRADE distribution of a faulty vaccine. podiatrists, Dr. Paul Bodamer and Dr. Tom OFF BETWEEN INFLATION AND I hope that House passage of S. 3735 Sandford have opened offices in Hinesville. UNEMPLOYMENT will not result in a precedent-establish Dr. James Snow, an Osteopathic doctor in ing decision heralding the initiation of general practice at Darien, joined the hos HON. JACK F. KEMP yet another Federal level of responsibility pital also. for the safety of drugs manufactured by OF NEW YORK private businesses and uninsurable by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES companies who hold themselves out as ENERGY CRISIS ONLY INVISIBLE Wednesday, August 25, 1976 being in the business of insming against Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, too many risks. HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO have been influenced by the mistaken idea that there must be a tradeoff be OF CALIFORNIA tween inflation and unemployment. We HINESVILLE HOSPITAL LOWERS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PRICES have been told, and many have believed, Wednesday, August 25, 1976 that any significant reduction in unem Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I ployment would, of necessity, require HON. BO GINN would like to direct the attention of my more inflation, and any reduction in in OF GEORGIA colleagues to the following editorial flation would require more unemploy IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES ment. Professor Laffer in his testimony "Energy Crisis Only Invisible" from the before the Republican Platform Com Wednesday, August 25, 1976 Oxnard Press-Courier: mittee explains very clearly why this is Mr. GINN. Mr. Speaker, the statistics ENERGY CRISIS 0NL Y INVISmLE not so. Professor Laffer states, and I fully about the increasing cost of health care The energy crisis has become an invisible agree with him, that- in America have been exceedingly dis crisis. A complete proposal to combat in.1J.81t1on turbing. Health care expenses in recent Its presence was felt for five months in will attempt to reduce the rate of growth years have risen more than almost any the winter of 1973-74 when, during the oil of the money supply. It wUl also attempt to boycott, the Arabs doubled oil prices. The increase the ra.te of growth of real output other expenditure facing the average impact of the action on industrial nations and reduce unemployment. Therefore, a pro citizen. was staggering. It added heavily to the eco gram that successfully combats unemploy I am pleased to report, however, that nomic burdens of inflation and recession. ment will also aid 1n the battle against in there is some good news amid all of the But the boycott ended, the price of oil flation. bad. The Liberty Memorial Hospital in remained fairly stable, and the world econ Liberty County, Ga., has recently low omy readjusted and began to recover. In The Jobs Creation Act is such a pro ered the cost of its room rates and also the United States, fuel shortages came and gram. By reducing both personal and went. There was great concern while the business tax rates, it will help us win reduced other charges. The July 29 is shortages lasted, but they were quickly for sue of the Liberty County Herald re both the battle against inflation and the gotten after they were over. battle against unemployment. Its pas ported some of the details of this action, Some minor adjustments in oil and gas and I ask that this article be reprinted price controls were made by Congress, but sage would eliminate the Government in the RECORD at this point. nothing major. Congressmen, after all, did caused business cycle that results from [From the Liberty County Herald, not want to have to answer to their con fighting unemployment with inflation Thursday, July 29, 1976] stituents for sharply higher gasoline, heat and inflation with unemployment. ing or electricity bills. As Professor Laffer says, "On humani HINESVILLE HOSPITAL WILL LoWER PRICES 15-20 PERCENT Along the same line, Congress took action tarian grounds, the hardship rendered by to require Detroit to make cars with better unemployment and inflation is abhor In the days of rising prices, Liberty Me gasoline mileage in the future, but did not morial Hospital is lowering prices. At the rent." Myself and the 132 cosponsors of impose a. horsepower tax or raise gasoline the Jobs Creation Act fully agree with July regular meeting of the Hospital Au taxes. Such taxes would have been highly thority of Liberty County, they voted to re unpopUlar. him, and we urge this Congress which duce all hospital room rates by $6.00 a day. For a. time, conservation of energy was speaks so often of its humanitarian con They also voted to reduce most other services popular. For two years in a. row, energy con cerns to act on this most major one of to patients by 15-20 per cent. sumption declined. But now it is on the rise all and reduce the tax on employment This will become etrective August 1, 1976. again. Oil demand is up 4 per cent, gasoline and production by passing the Jobs Crea While prices are being reduced, new services up 8 per cent. And this nation is more de tion Act. are being offered. pendent on Arab oil than ever, more vul Professor Laffer explains brilliantly When asked how Liberty Memorial Hos nerable to an embargo than in 1973. the case for reducing the tax on em pital could lower prices, Doyle E . Mullis, Jr., Small cars aren't selling as well as ex- ployment, and it follows: August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27781 Mr. Chairman, the country for some t ime fact, increases in unemployment only in ers to people based upon some characteristic n ow has been in need of a consistent policy crease the pressures for inflation, not the other than work or production. As such. toward both unemployment and 1.nfta.tion. reverse. The reduction 1n employment that transfer payments reduce the amount of This need is becoming increasingly urgent. accompanies recessions reduces the supply goods and services available to the people Restoring tun employment of all productive of goods and is inflationary. who produced them. Transfer payments are resources and el iminating infiation should be A complete proposal to combat inflation a. tax on production and work. Likewise. t he prime economic objectives of U.S. policy. will attempt to reduce the rate of growth of transfers are a payment based upon a char On humanlta.ri.a.n grounds, the hardship the money supply. It will also attempt to acteristic other than work. Some of the ren dered by unemployment and inflation iS increase the rate of growth of real output transfers may be based on population char abhorrent . The wage earner and his family and reduce unemployment. Therefore, a pro acteristics such as age, region of residence. .su ffer immensely as a result of unemploy gram that successfully combats unemploy health, sex, race, etc. In many instances. ment. In a like vein, fixed income recipients ment will also aid in the battle against in however, not only are transfers given to peo and payers bot h are subjected to the erratic flation. ple based upon a characteristic other than and haphazard vagaries of sudden changes in While the numbers of employed and un work, but they are often given out only U t he overall price level. employed abound 1n the millions, work and there is an absence of work. That is, trans The lost value to the United Stat es of both employment are themselves highly personal fers are often a payment explicitly for non infiation and unemployment far exceeds the and individual decisions arrived at between work. Examples of this are agricultural sub suffering imposed upon the individuals di an employee and employer. Unemployment sidies, food stamps (income requirement). rectly Involved. The failure to use perishable represents the failure of a firm and an em Social Security payments (retirement test). resources makes all of us poorer. The loss also ployee to come to mutually advantageous housing subsidies 235-236 (means test). and exceeds any explicit dollar and cent.s measure. terms. Any analysis of unemployment must obviously unemployment compensation A large part of our role as a world leader is ultimately come back to this individual itself. predicated upon our economic prowess and firm/employee relationship. Any policy de In order to increase total output, policy the perceptions others have of our economic signed to reduce unemployment must be measures must have the effect of both in wisdom. 0nr <:aP&City to deter potential bel founded on just such an analysis. creasing firms' demand for productive fac ligerents not only rests on our defense capa A firm's decision to hire is based, in part, tors and workers• desires to be employed. The bilities rum:owly defined, but is further en upon the total cost to the firm of the em "wedge," as represented by taxes of all sorts. hanced by our production base. Allies are ployee's services. For most firms, the more must be reduced. These reductions will have attracted to us in part because we provide it costs them to hire workers the fewer work the greatest output effects where they lower economic benefits as well as military protec ers they will hire. Likewise, the less it costs the highest tax rates. Any reduction 1n tu: t ion. firms to hire workers the more they will hire. rates means that employers will pay less Policy formulation must above all else Employees' decisions to work are also, In and yet employees will receive more. Both address the Joint issues of inflation and un part, based upon the amount of earnings the from the employer and the employee point employment. Infl.ation and unemployment employee himself gets. The more the em of view, more employment will be desired are the principal obstacles to an equitable ployee gets, the more willing he is to work and more output will be forthcoming. and prosperous SOCiety. and vice versa. Employees, it should be noted, At present, corporate-held capital is taxed Policy formulation In confront ing inflation do not concern themselves with the total at exceptionally high rates. Viewing the and unemploym.ent should be alert to three costs to the firm. All employees care about problem strictly from the tax schedules. overriding characteristics of the United is how much they get, net. there is a. marginal tax rate of 48 percent to States economy. An overall program to com In sum, firms worry about the total wages be paid by corporations before anything bat inflation and unemployment must real they have to pay, while employees are con goes to the ultimate owners of the capital. ize that: cerned with the wages they receive. The dif After the corporate tax, the owners of the We live in a. global economy. U.S. policies ference between the wages firms pay and capital must then pay additional personal impact on foreign inflation and unemploy the wages employes receive is called the income taxes. Even if the marginal personal ment. LikeWise, the policies of foreign coun "wedge." This "wedge" consists of income income tax rate were only 42 percent, thJa tries affect our ln1lation and unemployment taxes, payroll taxes, excises, sales taxes, prop would imply that the tax "wedge" on cor rates. The U.S. no longer can ignore the world erty taxes as well as the market value of the porate-held capital would be close to 70 from a standpoint of polit ics, mllitary secu accountants and lawyers firms hire in order percent. The "wedge" considered so far only rity or economics. to maintain compliance with government includes the corporate and personal income People are, to a large extent, motivated to regulations. taxes on reported profits. Due to the effects action by the prospect of economic reward Let us for a. moment imagine a. "wedge" of inflation, reported corporate profits over resulting from that action. While other con or tax of 20 percent on a worker whose gross state economic profits. Inventory price in siderations are often also present, people do wages paid are $200 per week. Let us also creases are reported as profits when, 1n work in order to earn after-tax income, they imagine that the employer pays half of the reality, they are not. Similarly, depreciation save in order to have after-tax income in the tax and the employee half. Under these con is calculated from the purchase price of the future, and they acquire education and other ditions the total cost to the employer is not capital good and therefore understates true skills to raise their standard of living. Policy $200 per week but is $220 per week. The depreciation. actions that reduce the rewards attendant to firm's decision to hire is based exclusively In addition to these obvious considera work or production as a. direct result reduce on the $220 figure. Prom the employee's van tions, some allowances should be made for work and production. tage point he doesn't receive $200 per week. capital gains taxes, excess profits taxes. The body politic of the United States has, He must subtract hls tax "wedge" share of property taxes. sales taxes, excise taxes, the through the auspices o! the federal, state $20 leaving him with $180 per week wages cost of restrictions on the use of resources. an d local governments, made promises that received. Thus, the "wedge'' of $40 is the dif and the total cost of accountants and law literally are beyond the capacity of our econ ferences between the wages paid of $220 and yers firms hire to comply with government omy to deliver. A policy of maintaining the the wages received of $180. regulations. All things considered, the total status quo wit h respect to a number of the It is easy to see what happens if the marginal tax "wedge" on corporate-held federal, state and local entitlement pro "wedge" is increased. say, to 40 percent. As capital is very high. grams raises a serious spectre of national suming it is still divided evenly, then wages Workers work better with capital. To in bankruptcy. While the prospect of default paid by firms rise from the $220 figure to duce people to save in order to provide the ing on the promises explicit in current law $240. Firms will hire fewer workers. Wages capital to employ workers, there must be is abominable, a far more immoral act would received by employees will fall from the $180 some post-"wedge" yield. Reducing tax be to default on these promises and, in the figure to $160. Employees will be less willlng rates, especially the high marginal tax rates process, destroy the very productive base to work. Both the firm's desire to hire on capital, will reduce unemployment and upon which au ben efits ult imately rest. workers and the workers• willingness to work increase employment. Economists, up until very recently, have will be reduced as the "wedge" increases. Another tax drastically in need of reduc emphasized that there is a trade-off between Output unambiguously falls and the level of tion is the personal income tax. Here again in flat ion and u n employment . Any significant total employment falls as t he "wedge'' in the " wedge" is apparent, especially at the redu ct ion in unemployment would, of ne creases. higher marginal rates. Through tax loopholes cessity, be accompanied by more inflation. Conversely, it is equally as easy t o see t he and withdrawals from work in the form of Likewise, t h ey argued, any attempt to reduce results of a reduction in the "wedge" to, say, unemployment or leisure, misemployment inflation would result in more unemploy zero. In this case, the wa.ges paid by firms and underemployment prevail. By cutting ment. Nothing cou ld be fur ther from the fall from $220 to $200. Firms will hire more the personal income tax rates, employees• truth. workers. On the other side of the relation after-tax wages rise while the pre-tax cost Inflation pr imarily reflects increas es in the ship, wages received by workers will rise from to employers falls. Mere people will be hired. amount of money relative to the quantity of $ 180 to $200. There will be more people will Cut ting personal income taxes is espe goods. In cliche form, this means that in ing to work. Total employment and output cially appropriate seeing that a substantial flation is " too much money chasing too few will increase as the "wedge" falls. port ion of the current rise in tax rates has goods." As such, cures for inflation have to I n the United States, the "wedge" can be arisen from the effects of inflation on pro focu on bot h the supply of money and the represented by either total government gressive tax schedules. Perhaps the best s upply of goods. Contrary to popular belief, spending or by the total of transfer pay single measure here would be to index the an increase in unemployment per se does ment s. Basically, transfer payments a.re real personal income tax. noth ing t o r educe inflat ion. As a point of resource transfers from producers and work- The implicit taxes on the less educated 27782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 25, 1976 and more disadvantaged potential employees 1n district courts at Springfield, Alton and their attempt to make the lives of and workers are unbelievably high. If mi Peoria. patients more meaningful. Their program nority youth in a poor neighborhood would One of six children reared in the home of to educate many of the disabled patients like to work for $1.50 an hour and a small his coal miner father and devoted mother, minority-run business would like to hire Omer Poos early ln life learned the meaning is in itself a great step forward. But per him at that wage rate, he still can't legally and value of thorough dedication to each haps more importantly, it is represent work because of the minimum wage law. chore, regardless of importance. This habit ative of the recognition, so often lacking, After being unemployed for several years, served him well through his professional that the handicapped can be treated as the person becomes close to, if not literally, schooling, as a practicing attorney and dur complete members of our society. memployable. ing his 17 years on the federal bench. I am honored to bring the following ex While complicated tax schedules and Lawyers as a whole are noted for their pro cerpt to the attention of my colleagues: pensity for procrastination and putting off arcane building codes along with other mod 10 1\IA.JOR ADVANCES IN HOSPITAL TREATMENT ern bm·eaucratic developments can be coped until tomorrow what should be done today. with by college graduate entrepreneurs, they The lone except10n, without fail, was Omer (By Donald Robinson) present a serious impediment to the eco Poos. He always had llis cases prepared and COLLEGE FOR THE HANDICAPPED nomic development of the poor and less edu was ready for trial on the day of docket set All of the 700 patients at Goldwater cated neighborhoods. ting. This thoroughness and devotion to Memorial Hospital on Franklin D. Roose Tax rate reductions can only be one part detail provided him with an unsurpa,ssed velt Island in New York City are severely dis· of an overall national program to increase record as a trial lawyer. able mother came to Cleveland view is one of. the projects of the Wi'!ght De merce; communicatiom~ culture, and fi in l!U2 from Fayettevllle, Tennessee. velopment Corp., of which Alonzo Wright. was nance. What is important to recognize His fathe!"', a linema.n, had been acciden president. Housing projects built 1ly the_car is that despite its present financial prob tally electrocuted when young Wright was. six paration include low incom-e h'OUSing-in the years old. Woodland a.nd University-E\lclld: urban re lems, New York. City has an enduring newal projects. strength which will long outlive- its tem. Wright drove a mule team, worked in a foundry as a laoorer and drove a nmll truck, The name Alonzo Gord.om Wnght is one pomry problems. New York is a great but, it was a job at the auditorium garage that will always be know.u: ad J:IIIISP.8Cted be city. And r think that in coming years- we where he parked cars that opened a path to cause it represents posltive.. e.-tia:ib.utes and will tlmt in tbiS goals Uke hard.. work,. p.tn:slstamm, fAlrtitude :find Bicentenn1ai Year fame and riches. and a desire to succeed. a renaissance for New York City began. It wa·s here that he met W. T. Kolliday. a Scoxes. o.! people both locally a.ud. :aa.tion Some- companies have left the city, but Standard Oil o-r Ohio (Sohio) executive. ally, will remember him. more- and more businesses like Philip Holliday impressed with Wright's dispatch Wake services will be held Thursday, Au- August 2.5, 197_6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27785 gust 19, 7-9 p.m. at the Harvard House of with most poor countries, Jamaica's poverty councils and encouraged more worker par , Wills. results from its inability to match the prices ticipation in industry. His own work style Rev. William Downs of East Mt. Zion will paid for goods produced in the advanced of visiting and knowing all parts of the officiate the funeral on Friday at 1 p.m. countries with prices received from its own country show him to be a politician in the He is surVived by his wife, Helen K., a son, l'aw materials. So in 1976 Jamaicans must best and indeed most noble British-American A. Gordon Wright, Jr.; ·a brother, Charles; a produce double their sugar output of 1956 to democratic tradition. sister-in-law, Dorothy; four grandchildren, buy the same number of tractors. This prob But there can be no doubt that the internal Cheryl, Joyce, Linda, and A. Gordon, III. lem of deteriorating terms of trade was fur attack on the Manley government-a cam ther exacerbated when oil prices rose. paign of violence and lies plus strikes Yet, unlike leaders in most developing combined with the external attack from the countries faced with this predicament, al U.S. press, plus a currency lead and what most all of the steps taken by Manley since on June 20, Mr. Manley told me was a WHAT FUTURE FOR JAMAICA? he Wl<>n office in 1972 have been designed to "mysterious U.S. credit squeeze," add up to relieve the suffering of the poor, by demo a destabilization campaign, one that no cratic parliamentary actions, and without small, poor, developing country can afford or infringing on anyone's constitutional rights. should have to endure. HON. ANDREW YOUNG Manley and the Peoples National Party Mr. Manley used a state of emergency to OF GEORGIA have declared a commitment to socialism stop the Violence. It has stopped. A success IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as well as to democracy and rule by law. ful Caribbean Folk Festival, Carifesta, took This commitment, when taken in the con place in early August to the delight of thou Wednesday, August 25, 1976 text of modest land reform and tougher sand of tourists, without so much as a Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, bauxite terms for U.S. and Canadian multi fistfight. far too many of us have an image of Ja nation corporations, had conjured up, in the If we are destabilizing Jamaica in the long maica as an island paradise, a splendid minds of some Americans and Jamaicans, run, we will have to pay in conscience. If the fear of Jamaica's "going Communist." we are not, we should then take positive backdrop for Hollywood-type movies and The Manley government's relations with steps to help this poor country develop, and as a place to frolic and play. And it is true Cuba, Jamaica's closest neighbor, have given back her democratic institutions with credit, that the country, beginning under colo further impetus to the charge. assistance, and fair description in our press. nial rule, was made over into a tourist A major flap arose when James Reston of resource of international reputation. the New York Times, among others, reported We forget, however, that Jamaica is a that Cuba was training Jamaican security nation seriously about the work of shap forces. This turned out to be nothing more ing and developing its society and econ than limited training for some of the Prime GREECE AND TURKEY: THE Minister's personal guards. Little was said TRAGEDY CONTINUES omy to better benefit its own citizens. about Canadian, English and U.S. police We forget too that this paradise under training programs for Jamaica's police, which went an extended era of colonial rule together comprise almost the whole program. and oppression, a period of history which Simi1arly, the opposition emphasizes Jamai HON. JOHN P. MURTHA decisively impacted on its peoples and ca's commercial and cultural ties with Cuba, OF PENNSYLVANIA institutions and which has left a linger while ignoring ties of much greater volume IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with Mexico, Venezuela, England, and the ing residue of ill-feelings. Under the Wednesday, August 25, 1976 current administration of Prime Minister United States. This does not mean that Jamaican-Cuban Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, one of Michael Manley, a man of compassion relations are weak or unimportant. It does and imagination, forceful efforts are mean that those relations must be placed in the saddest elements of international underway to turn the nation's impover a proper perspective and not viewed hysteri relations in the Western World over the ished past into a fruitful future. cally. The charges that Jamaica is a satellite past year has been the unresolved con Saul Landau's editorial article in to of Cuba has no basis in fact or logic. troversy between Greece and Turkey. day's Washington Post outlines the pa Even more serious was the outbreak of The last year has shown no resolution rameters of Jamaica's hopes for its political violence, greatly increased in the of the issues that have plagued the peo future. I hope that all of my colleagues last four months. The targets for murder, ple of these two nations, created the bombing and arson have not been random in disastrous Cyprus situation, and re will gain from his insights and will re dividuals or sites. Rather the victims have main alert to any initiatives by our own been Peoples National Party supporters, and stricted defense actions within NATO. Government to extend the wrong type of most often youth organizers. The gunmen I congratulate Secretary of State Henry assistance to Jamaica's quest for devel and bombers themselves do not appear capa· Kissinger for helping to bring the two opment. The editorial follows: ble of planning such devastatingly precise nations together over the latest dispute WHAT FuTuRE FOR JAMAICA? violence, as that which took place at Kings involving research in the Aegean Sea, ton:S Orange Lane. Many Jamaicans suspect but these temporary actions cannot con I return from a five-week stay in Jamaica ed the CIA. with the sinking feeling that our govern tinue to postpone final resolution of the ment, or a part of it, may be intervening in On May 19, 1976, I visited the site of that key issues in the dispute. Jamaican affairs as it did in Chile. Even bombed out cluster of houses the morning Most important is the refugee prob though the State Department has officially after the devastation occurred. From on the lem, involving many homeless families denied all such allegations, as they did in scene witnesses I discovered that some 50 armed men drove up, blocking both street who continue to endure while they are the Chile case, I fear that once again U.S. used as pawns by national powers. At agencies are involved in activities designed entrances with automobiles and hurled back to "destabilize" (the word the CIA used for fire bombs into the homes. Those who tried the heart of the Greek-Turkey dispute its operation in Chile) the elected· govern to escape were forced back into the flaming must be pressure from the major na ment of Jamaica. structures, while some of the gunmen held off tions of the world to settle the refugee While in Jamaica I read reports in U.S. the fire trucks. When police arrived the gun and future living problems of the citi and Jamaican publications charging that men opened fire at them and then orderly re zens as a first priority. International Jamaica, under Prime Minister Michael Man treated in trained military fashion. The re humanity for these individuals must dic- ley, had become an unstable, mismanaged sult of this particular act of violence was 11 tate America's policy. . mess and was about to go Communist and dead, most of them children, and hundreds become a Cuban satellite. of people homeless. The United States should take a more My own conclusions were quite different. The charges of economic mismanagement active role in solving this long-range The Manley government has accomplished against Manley are often as difficult t o pin problem for the benefit of world peace in five years far more than the opposition down as the charges of communism. He has and the security of the NATO forces in government did in 10, despite adverse world used the budget to benefit the poorest. In this critical part of the world. conditions. Manley has raised Jamaica's na vestment in education has resulted in 150,000 tional income considerably and reduced un adUlt Jamaicans becoming literate since Mr. Speaker, I would like'to insert the emploYment slightly. 1972. His investment in land reform has thus following editorial from the August 6 The physical and cultural condition of far freed some 50,000 acres for cultivation, New York Times on recent developments Jamaica's majority is equivalent to that of and provided some irrigation, credit and ma in the Greek-Turkey dispute. most Third World countries. Great inequi chinery to small farmers. CYPRUS, OIL AND THE AEGEAN ties of wealth separate a small elite from In his approach to government Manley has With luck, the Turkish research ship Sis the poor mass. Bauxite, sugar and tourism emphasized popular participation and local mik I will complete its seismic studies in the constitute the basic sources of revenue. As government. He has helped create community Aegean Sea without pr.ovoking a military 27786 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 2.5, 1976 confrontation between Greooe and Turkey. NEW LEGISLATION PRO.HIBl'lmiG "(2) for coercing any individual- An. lnfOl:lll&l un.d.erstandlng has evidently THE SALE OF CHILDREN IN IN'l'lia .. (A> to place any-chlld f"or pennan·ent care been reached by tJl.e two governments, under or adoption, STATE. AND FORElG:i.~ COMMERCE pressure. from. their NATO allies-, that will "(B) to adopt any child, or allow the vessel tA carry aut modest explora "(C) to provi-de any child' with permanent tions even in disputed waters without pre care-; cipitating the clash both sides have been HO . HE . HYDE unde~: circumstances which ~es.uJ.t in the threatening e'\•en since the Sismik:s voyage OF ILLINOIS. transportation of such child o.r. such. in was projected. dividual in the District of COlumbitf, in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At virtually the-la.sL mi.Imte, as the Sismik Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or 1n any prepared to sail with naval escort, and units Wednesday.._ August 25, 1!176 territory or possession of the United States, of the Greek :fleet ostentatiously put to sea, or in interstate commerce, or 1n foreign Ankara repudiated the notion some of its Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, I am today commerce, shall be fined n.atr more thau $10,- Cabinet ministers had previously advanced introducing legislation to. amend the 000 or imprisoned not more than five years, that the voyage would establish Turkey's Federal Criminal Code for the purpose of or both. .claims to what it regards as the Aegean's prohibiting the sale of children in inter "(b) Subsection (a) (1) of tl:Us section continental shelf. Athens then let it be state or foreign commerce. does not prohibit any person's- known that it had no objections to a purely Due to the scarcity of babies available "(1) soliciting, prov.iding, or receiving scientific expedition, said the Greek fleet for adoption, the black market in inter monetary value for seeking to place. placing, would not shadow the Sismik and subse or arranging to place any chlld for permanent quently dispatched ito own oceanographic state and international baby selling has care or adoption- ship to the northern Aegean to explore the become a :tlorishing business for prof "(A) 1f such person is- seabed. iteers who barter with human lives-in "(1) a parent of such child, Even if the Sismik's voyage is completed these cases, the sale of a child for cash. "(11) a guardian or any other person ap without provocative incident or accident, In treating the baby as a chattel, not pointed by a court to pravide f'or and to pro however, the whole a.fl'air provides a dismay only is the future welfare of the child in tect the interests of such child~ ing commentary on tfie current state of rela jeopardy, but in many instances, both " (iii) a person seeking to adopt such child tions between two countries that ought to the mother or natural parents and the or to provide personally such child with per feel constrained, for reasons of history, geog manent care, or raphy, security and economics, not merely to future parent or parents are emotionally "(iv) a person authorized: under er lic:ensed co-exist in peace but to cooperate in every and financially victimized. to place children for permanent canr or possible way. The complicated questions re I want to congratulate the Chicago adoption in accordance with the laws of the garding sea and air passage of the Aegean, Sun-Times and its reporters, Pam Zek State where such child is being placed for and the exploration of its resources make man and Bob Olmstead. on their recent permanent care or adoption; and such collaboration even more imperative. indepth and excellent series on the black "(B) if such monetary value is- No existing international law or conven market baby business, particularly in the "(1) received for services provided in con tion provides a complete answer for the issues Chicago area. This outstanding study of nection with placing, seeking to place, or that divide Greece and Turkey in the Ae the problem alterted me, and I am sure arranging to place such child for permanent gean--divisions that have been exacerbated care or adoption, and by the Cyprus disaster of 1974. The Geneva all Sun-Times readers who followed the "(li) not in excess of an amount which Convention of 1958 gives a country control series, to the nature and severity of the is fair, reasonable, and customarlly recelved over the resources of its continental shelf and problem. for the same or similar services at the time speci:flcally confers this right on its islands The Sun-Times series revealed that and place such services are provided; or as well as on the mainland. But Turkey never the black market baby business is most "(2) providing legal services-- rati:fled this treaty and contends with some flagrant in interstate and international .. (A) which are in connection with the reason that its authors never intended to preparation an.d execution of documents, give .. continental shelves" even to the tiny deals that are out of the control of State or appearance in court, necess&Jry to place Greek islands just off Turkey's Anatolian authorities. and where there is an any child for permanent care or adoption in ooast. absence of Federal control. accordance with the laws of the state where Greece long ago proposed taking the conti While I doubt we have time to schedule such chlld is being placed; and nental shel! boundary question to the Inter hearings on this legislation before Octo "(B) for which monetary value 1s not re national Court of Justice. Turkey accepted ceived 1n excess of an amount which 1s fair, ber 2, when Congress is scheduled to reasonable, and customaruy reeeived. for the in principle but dema.nded. prior bilateral adjourn, I hope the introduction of the same or slmllar legal services at the time and negotiations Which have made no progress. bill at this time will stimulate interest place such legal servic.es are pmvided. An effort to reach a.greem.ent on the control and after Congress convenes in January, "§ 2582. De:flnltions- at the Aegean air space has also stalled, and the Judiciary Committee will initiate "As used in this chapter- the two countries appear to be as far apart these hearings. es ever on the smoldering Cyprus question. "(1) the term 'child' means: any individ Text of the bill follows: ual who has not attained the age of sixteen It is obvious that Cyprus- and oU contribute H.R.- at the time such child 1s placed for perma heavily to the Aegea.n impasse. Ankara's as nent care or adoption, and iuelude.s any un sertions about the continental shelf became A bill to amend title 18 of the United States Code for the purpose of prohibiting born individual; strident only after Turkish nationalism had "(2) the term 'permanent care' me.ans a been stoked by the massive invasion Cy the sale of chlldren in interstate or foreign at commerc.e majority of the support provided jar a child prus in August 1974 and Greece's discovery during a period of at least one year by any Be it enactecL by the Senate ancL House of of oU o:ff the Aegean island Thasos tha.t same person who is not-- Representatives oj the UnitecL States of .. (A) a parent, grandparent, sibling, aunt, year. A weak Turkish Government 1s under America in Congress assembled, That title 18 heavy pressure from right-wing coalition or uncle of such child, of the United States Code 1s amended by "(B) a guardian, or any other person ap members and left-of-center opposition to inserting immediately after chapter 119 the pursue a more belllgerent policy. Greece, pointed by a court to provide tor and to pro following new chapter: tect the- interests of such child, or helpless to prevent Turkey's invasion of Cy "Chapter 121.-!NTERSTATE PLACEMENT OF prus, feels compelled to assert its Aegean "(C) a person authorized under or li CHILDREN FOR PERMANENT CARE OR ADOPTION censed in accordance with the laws of the claUns forcefully. "SEc. State where such support 1s provided to Though neither government has tried con "2581. Placing or coercing the placement of a place children for adoption or to provide spicuously to damp down public agitation child for compensation. such support to children; and over the Sismik's voyage, it is encouraging "2582. Defi.ndtions. "(3) the term 'State' means any State of that in private both were eager to find a face "2581. Placing or coercing the placement of a the United States, the District of Columbia, saving compromise. War between Greece and chlld for compensation. the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any Turkey would be so catastrophic for both "(a) Whoever, either directly or through territory or possession of the United States." countries as weli as for Western security that any other person, knowingly sollcits, pro SEc. 2. The tables of chapters for part 1 their allies must encourage the two Govern vides, or recelves anything of monetary, value, of title 18 of the United States Co.de and for ments to follow up that compromise with or the promise of anything of monetary such title are each amended by 1nsertb:lg im serious negotiations. Such neg_ot1at1ons can value-- mediately e.fter item. 119 thee following new be fruitful only 1!. they embrace Cyprus as " ( 1) for seeking to place, placing, or ar item: well as the question of an_ equitable division rang~ to, place. any child for permanent "121. Interstate placement of all11dren for of responsibility and resourees in the Aegean. care or adoption, or permanen.t care or adoption_ __ 2581". August, 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Z1787 CALIFORNIA SHOWS THE WAY ON "You have. to read the tea leaves correctly. grinds," Dills intoned. "The-gt'ind'com.es tn on LAND-USE' LEGISLATION It was close, wasn't it," Gov. Brown qui ~ed 1ifie ptoperty owners." shortly after the vote. Sen. DaY'id Roberti (I!J-r.os Angeles) fer But it was more than a correct reading of vently urged a vote a;ge.ins11 the Mill HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. tea leaves that put the bill over the top. He charged th&bill was· ME." if.e'neighbor OF CALIFORNIA Throughout the two-hour Senate debate hood preservation plan." m Ct'lmpiaiJnedl the a steady stream of messages to undecided bill "talks about saving the- s ndl ciUnes!' at THE IN HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES senators fi'owed from. Brown's office-. the expense of- low- and m ------~ ~- - - August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2779. requirements governing what 1t will and in the real world of public policy-making are in just about every capacity a farmer won't pay for. constantly required to make just such dis could in the rural electrification pro Under hospital insurance, you must meet tinctions and refinements. gram. these siX conditions: Therefore I am going to answer in the form of a statement setting the particular At the time of his death, AI Hauffe was 1. You were in a qualified hospital for at still president of his home cooperative, least three days in a row. points you raise 1n a larger overall context 2. Home health care is for further treat of labor-management relations policy. It 1s the FEM Electric Association serving ment of the condition for which you were my right--indeed, my duty as an elected rep Faulk, Edmunds, and McPherson coun hospita.lized or for which you were treated resentative-to express my position in my ties. He also was still a board member of in a skilled nursing facUlty. own words, rather than someone else's. the South Dakota Rural Electric Associa 8. The oa.re you need must include part I assume that 1n any report of my re tion and the National Rural Electric Co time skilled nursing care, physical or speech sponse, you will print my statement in full operative Association. therapy. and without alteration. The statement fol 4. You must be confined to your home. lows. In both of these organizations, SDREA, 5. A doctor must determine that you need Effective representation of the interests o! and NRECA, the imprint of Al remains home health care and set up a plan for your workers presupposes collective barga1n1ng. strong from his many years of dedicated care within 14 days of your discharge from To suggest a return to the days of individual service. He was president of SDREA for a. hospital or nursing home. negotiations between workers and manage 21 years and rose to the same position 6. The home health agency providing the ment is, in effect, to suggest that workers' with the national organization NRECA, care must be a participant in Medicare. interests be ignored in the functioning of where he served 2 years in that capacity. If you've met all siX of these conditions, our economic system. I do not believe that many people would seriously make such a I am certain A1 Hauffe was well known hospital insurance will pay the full cost of to many Members of Congress and par up to 100 visits during a benefit period. suggestion, yet that 1s the effect of many of Medicare will continue to pay for visits for the objections to current collective bargain ticularly to the more senior members one year 8/fter the last discharge from the ing practices. who have had the opportunity to deal hospital or nursing home. Certa1nly it cannot be denied that or with the problems and progress of the Medicare medical insurance wlll pay for ganized labor possesses a potential for abuse rural electrification movement. I know 100 home health visits in a year without a of power, just 88 that potential is possessed they share the sense of loss felt in Mr. hospital admission if these four conditions by the other giant institutions of our society, Hau1fe's passing. are met: big business and big government. But it does 1. You need part-time skilled nursing care, not follow that the best way to prevent Mr. Speaker, I would like to include in physical or speech therapy. abuses of power is to roll back the progress the RECORD a tribute to AI Hauffe, as 2. A doctor decides you need the services we have made to date in developing a stable written by Tom Fennell, executive man and sets up a home care plan. system of labor-management relations. ager of the South Dakota Rural Electric 3. You are confined to your home. In a competitive, free-market economy Association, as contained in the associa 4. The home health agency is a. partici such as ours, management and labor wtll tion's weekly newsletter. I would also like pant in Medicare. compete with each other over such things 88 to include the obituary for Al Hauffe After the $60 yearly deductible has been wages and benefits. The role of government met, Medicare pays the fUll cost tor home in this adversary relationship is not to favor from the newsletter. visits. one side or the other, but to keep the power The above-mentioned items follow : The home health agency always submits of each within reasonable bounds. In short, TRmUTE TO A. C. HAUFFE Medicare claims on behalf of the patient. the role of government is to minimize the We'll miss him. Boy, how we'll miss him I possibil1ty of crippling strikes and economic AI Hauffe: famlly man, farmer, cooperative disorders that threaten the public interest. leader and as solid a citizen as I've had the It seems to me that present federal labor privilege of knowing died Wednesday. law has by and large succeeded in this. We IN OUR OWN WORDS I first met Al when I was being inter have been spared the kind of bitter labor viewed for the job of High Liner editor by strife that some European countries have then SDREA Manager Dail Gibbs back in experienced, and this is, I think, because we 1963. Al was president of SDREA at that time HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH have a labor law that reflects the realities of OF COLORADO and also was serving as president of our na power and human behaVior. It seeks to bal tional association, NRECA. If I live to be 101 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ance the economic power of employers with I'll never forget the sight of this tall, raw the strength in numbers of organized labor. Wednesday, August 25, 1976 boned South Dakotan presiding at the first Certainly it is an imperfect law, but its im national meeting of NRECA that I ever at Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, we have perfections will not be eliminated by sweep tended. It was down in Dallas, Texas, and I reached the point in the political season ing away collective bargaining rights, nor by can assure you that it was an impressive sight at which various interest groups send eroding employers' prerogatives. The reforms to watch Al at that podium before 10,000 that are needed are those that wlll introduce people, appearing as relaxed and comfortable questionnaires to Members of Congress, still further stability into the labor market. asking for declarations of position on with that audience as he would be back in This is the yardstick that I will use in Ipswich presiding at a meeting of the FEM this or that issue. Some of these ques judging all labor legislation that comes be Board. tionnaires are fairly straightforward, fore the House. But that was Al. He was comfortable with others seem to be worded in a way that Sincerely, people of whatever level of society or in would force us into oversimplification, TIMOTHY E. WIRTH. whatever numbers and I guess that's why he into black-and-white statements of is made such a great cooperative leader-he sues that contain many shades of gray. just naturally liked and understood people. I believe that it is our obligation as I only knew him for 13 years. Many of you elected Representatives to state our posi A LOSS FOR SOUTH DAKOTA AND were priVileged to know him much longer. tions in our own words, not someone RURAL AMERICA But, of whatever the length of friendship, we're all better off for having known Al and else's, and I have told this to a group for having had the pleasure of working with that recently sent me a questionnaire. I him in the rural electric program. would like to insert in the REcoRD my HON. JAMES ABDNOR OF SOUTH DAKOTA letter to that group, in which I tried to A. C .. HAUFFE DIEs, AUGUST 20, 1976 set the questions raised into a larger IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Funeral services were to be at 2 p.m., Sun context of policy. Wednesday, August 25, 1976 day, Aug. 22 at the St. James Luthern Church The letter follows: in Leola for A. C. "Al" Hauffe, one of the CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. S.peaker, last week greatest leaders South Dakota's rural electric HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, one of the great pioneers in the rural program has produced. AI died Wednesday washington, D.O., August 24, 1976. electrification movement died. He was night at his Leola home. He was 79. A. E. HARE, Albert C. "Al" Hautfe, who farmed 2 His service to the rural electric program National Right to Work Committee, 8316 miles north of Leola, S. Dak., and who extends back to its beginning in South Da Arlington Boulevard, Suite 600, Fairfax, was going into his 56th harvest season on kota., when he "talked up" the idea of rural va. his own place at the time of his death. electrification to farmers throughout South DEAR A. E. HARE: I read with interest your Dakota. labor issues survey and the background in Al Hauffe will go down in American He served 21 years as president of SDREA; forma~ion sheet that came with it. I must history as one of the driving forces for he was South Dakota's representative on the say that both were worded in such a way as REA. His record of service has long been NRECA board for 27 years; was president ot to make impossible any distinctions or re recognized by the members of REA coop NBECA for 2 years, vice-president for 2 years finements of policy. Yet those of us who work eratives many times over. for Al served and secretary for 5 years. 27794 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 25, 1976 At the time of his death, AI, was stm presi of Sierra Madre's emergency medical vantage of those that could prove of value dent of the FEM Electric Association, Ip program and fundraisf.ng drive for the locally. swich , a board member of SDREA and a board new emergency medical unit. and I com In June of 1976 a sixth fireman, Robert member of NRECA. He was also active in to my Spears, joined in the program with h1s grad many other community service projects. in mend it the reading of colleagues: uation from PCC. In the meantime one mem cluding membership in the Regional Ad PROGRAM, CALL TO ORDER, PLEDGE OP ber, WUllam Maurer, was dropped as he visory Group of the Regional Medical Pro ALLEGIANCE, MAYOR DAVID MAY moved to a dtiferent area, and the program gram. Invocation, The Rev. Robert Gara of St. continues to operate with these five mem He is survived by his wife, Alma; two sons, Rita's Church. bers. Paul, Washington, D.C. and Harry, Cheyenne, Welcome, Irwin Gersch. In April of this year the Sierra Madre Ki Wyo., and a daughter, Mrs. Ruth Bonnet, Ab Introduction of Guests, Irwin Gersch. wanis Club came to the realization that the erdeen. Presentation of Check, Sam Tesoro. present emergency vehicle was really inade And, of course, by SDREA which bears the Presentation of Keys to City, Ben HageL quate for the amount of equipment needed imprint of his dedication, enthusiasm and Presentation of Keys to Fire Dept., Mayor by the EMT's and with the blessing of Chief leadership more than anyone can say. David May. Brown approached the City CouncU to seek Presentation of Emergency Medical Tech their sanction to conduct a drive for funds nicians, Captain NeU Smith. to purchase a new and modern vehicle. Blessing of Unit, The Rev. Robert Gara. Under the leadership of Fund Drive Chair EMERGENCY MEDICAL UNIT FOR Benediction, The Rev. Ronald Erlandson man Sam Tesoro, the drive accompliShed of Episcopal Church of the Ascension. SIERRA MADRE in a little over ten weeks a goal of $19,000. SMALL TOWN SPmrr ALIVE AND WELL IN The community showed its support of the SIEimA MADRE program, an unbelievable underta.ld.ng tor HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT Sierra Madre's Emergency Medical pro• a small community, with its financial back gram actually reaches back many, many ing and now the Emergency Medical will go OF CALIFORNIA forth sporting a new and modern vehicle as years, when in the early thirties the Fire it seeks to serve tb,is community. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Department owned and operated a First Atd Wednesday, August 25, 1976 Truck and provided the citizens or the com munity with emergency care. The truck was Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, on of their own design and was bunt by the August 7, the citizens of Sierra Madre, a membership. This continued in operation for THEY MIGHT AS WELL SHOOT US city 1n the 26th CongressioWJ.l District many years and a:Qlong its most tJ.Oted which is situated in the heart of southern achievement was its help to citizens of Long HON. J. J. PICKLE Califon:Ua's footh.ills, met a.t the fire sta.. Beach during the earthquake that struck that area. OF TEXAS tion to dedicate a. new emergency medi During the war manpower became a prob IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cal unit that had been donated by the lem for the volunteer department, as it dtd community. This special service repre with all other volunteer :>rganlzatlons and Wednesday, August 25, 1976 sented the culmination of the efforts of the emergency first aid care was then taken Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, I have in the Sierra Madre Kiwanis Club and sup up by the Pollee Department as part of Its troduced two amendments to H.R. 8911, port of many loyal and civic-minded function. supplemental security income amend residents who are concerned about the It became obvious to many people ln the year 1973 that the Pollee cars could not carry ments. These amendments are intended welfare and security of its citizens. the amount of equipment needed for many to correct two serious problems with SSI The newly dedicated emergency medi types of First Aid and equipment in pollee benefits. cal unit will serve to enhance the ca Whicles was 11m1ted to a resuscitator and a The first amendment pertains to the pabilities and performance of Sierra small first aid klt. It was also proving dlfficult eligibility of the spouse where the wife Madre's emergency program-a program for members of the Police Oepartment to or husband is institutionalized and the that has been a. pioneer in the field of keep their trainlng current, 1n addition to remaining spouse is trying to make enjs doing their Law Enforcement work and meet at home. paramedic services. Initiated in the schooling necessary for their job. early thirties, the program has provided To help close the gap in the type of eld The other amendment pertains to cost invaluable emergency rescue service over being offered as in other cities, two mem of-living adjustments in amount of cer the years. bers of the Volunteer Fire Department were tain excludable income and is intended In its more than four decades of serv enrolled in a class in Pasadena City Colle~ to insure that a person receiving both ice to the community. the functions and called Emergency Medical Technician train SSI and social security does not become ing. John Buchan and George Maurer grad ineligible for SSI when the social security responsibilities of the emergency medical uated in June of 1973 and after a couple of program have grown enormously-and, cost-of-living increases are given. months of further preparation and evalua The proble.IDB in this area were brought predictably, so has the need for more tion, ~ Chief Charles Brown, and Pollee my attention recently by several arti sophisticated and modem equipment. In Chief Tom Kendra set up a ~ystem wherein to April of this year, the Sierra Madre the firemen trained in Emergency Medical cles written by Mr. Dave Mayes for the Kiwanis Club decided that the station Police Department. Austin American-Statesman. wagon then being used as an emergency In January of 1974 two more firemen, Gary These ~rticles, which follow, are very vehicle by the program was inadequate SmLth and William Maurer completed the informative and give a good explanation to meet growing needs. After receiving EMT course and Chief Brown purchased a of the hardships that are being created the endorsement of the city fire chief and 1968 Station Wagon to carry all the equip for the elderly. ment that was being accumulated to enhance ,.THEY MIGHT AS WELL SHOOT Us"-80CIAL the sanction of the city council. the club this the program. In full year of operation SECURrrY RAISE A Loss TO MANY PENSIONERS began fundralsing efforts to purchase a over two hundreds calls were answered by new emergency vehicle. Responding en the EMT's. Also during this period of time Social Security pensioners will get a raise thusiastically to the strong leadership of additional radio equipment was added to per 1n their monthly checks next week, but tor mit automatic responses by the firemen to some it 1s an increase they would gladly fund drive chairman Sam Tesoro, the forego. community supported the project, and the scene, with the saving of many minutes in the initial response time. A 79-year-old Austin Widow, for example, the drive met its goal of $19,000 in just finds that for the price of llttle more than a little more than 10 weeks. Early in 1975 another fireman, Robert Duer, a cup of coffee, she has unwillingly traded completed the course in Emergency medical Mr. Speaker, I am proud to bring the away her ellgibUity for Medicaid, the nearest care at Mt. San Antonio College and the pro thing this country has to a free health achievement.s of the citizens of the live gram continued to grow. With the aid of program for the impoverished. ly city of Sierra Madre to the attention many generous donations, much more equip With the 6.4 per cent cost-of-living in of my colleagues and it is my belief that ment was added to the vethicle, and the value crease in Social Security benefits added in, communities all over the country could of the program was becoming obvious to Mrs. Y (she asked that she not be identlfl.ed do well to follow the example of the thousands of local residents. by name) wlll receive a check totaling Sierra Madre Kiwanis Club in raising During the year 1975, over three hundred $188.10--exactly 30 cents too much for her funds for worthy community needs. Not calls were answered by the EMT's and the to continue participating in Medicaid. variety and depth of the calls was increas "If they're going to treat us that way," only will civic spirit and morale benefit ing with each passing week. With the growth she said in frustration, "they might as we\1 by such creative enterprises, but govern of the Emergency Medical Program nation take us out and shoot us and get it over ment tax bases will diminish as well. wide, more and more sophisticated equip with." The following excerpt from the dedica ment was being developed and put into field With the knowledge that the Medicaid tion program will provide a short history use and the local group continued to take ad- program would almost meet her medical August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OE REMARKS 27795 needs com:Qletely, Mrs. Y has been able- to kick these patients out in the streets or take Twenty-nine sta.tes, howeve:rt~ don't really live on. her meag_er. income the: past nine what they can pay and absorb the loss." dra.w the nne as closely when it comes to ye.ars by residing;' in public_ housing and From a. humanitarian standpoint, he meeting the catastrophic medicar needS of buying gJneerles with food stamps. Under added, most facilities have little cholc.e but their people. Of the 21 states tbat do, Texas Medicaid, she was able to get three free to keep them, and that is what DPW as- is the most populous. prescriptions per month for her arthritis sumes. they will do. . Saenz.: said. DPW two years ago con:sid'ered and see..her own doctor at no cost to her. While the nursing homes may make ex seeking-funds: t .o expand the.. state Medicaid Now she. says. she has no choice but to ceptions, the state evidently cannot. program to co:ver the medically needy; as: the begin p.aying premiums for. Medicare, the Signiflcam numbers of nursing home pa maiotlty o"f states do. The newly- eligible national health insurance :Q:rogra.zn_ fo:r the tients are_ se-vered from state support prac would be those who fit alL the l!.equirem.ents aged. The $7.20 monthly premiums will take tically every time Congress raises Social Se for current Medicaid. assistance except in nearly all her Social Security raise. curi.ty' benefits or veterans' pansions, Mc come. These would quallfy :tor medical assist Although medicare will restore many of Glamery says. ance a;s they ..spend down" their resources her major medical benefits, she'll be liable Each time that happens, the department on medical bills. for deductibles she didn't haYe to pay before, is besieged bye callers~ "It's a nightmare;" he Sactal Security officials in D.allas. confirm including 20 per cent of her doctor bllls. says. that states with programs for the medically Unlike Medicaid, Medicare has no bene As an example, he continued, a 69-year-old needy aren't forced to dro:Q assistane.& to pa fits for prescriptions, dentures, eyeglasses or woman who was made ineUgible by less than tients 1n nursing homes for e.:very raise in hearing aids. 50 cents recently called to complain. retirement benefits. The 79-year-old victim of a bureaucratic "'She just could not believe it, she could not The study showed the program would be so twist says she's been fortunate to remain believe the world was so cruel as this," Mc expensive in Texas, Saenz said, that the funds in good health. She plans to forego her an Glamery said. "r felt sorry for her, but what were never requested of the legislature. nual physical because it w1ll be too expen could we do? We have to apply the rules sive now. equally to alL Many wind up just a dollar or DIVORCEr WILL LET HIM CARE FOR In Texas, the regional Social Security of two over the cutoff." AILING WIFE fice estimates that more than 1,300 persons The $390 income llmit, McGlamery agrees, Now that he has divorced his wife, Cecil will lose their Medicaid benefits due to the is not based on any needs assessment made Schnautz says he can at last see about get Social Security raise. by the department. Rather, it's a purely arhi ting her the care she needs-and clearing The greatest percentage of them will be trm:y flgu.re, derived directly from. the a.mount his own conscience. the aged-people who require three times of money appropriated for the nursing home Schnautz-sought a divorce he didn't want the med1cal care of the average American. program by the legislature. Thursday. claiming it's his only alternative ••r really couldn't begin to 1mag1ne what With a $390 cutoif, eliglbllity is llm.lted to under state welfare rules, if his wife of 23 some of these people might have to go the highest number of. persons: for which the years- 1s to get the nursing home care her through.'' said Bart Henseler. a spokesman department has money to buy nursing home physician recommends. for Social Security in Dallas. services, McGlamery says. "Obviously, if we •-rm going to take a half-day otr Friday For the second straight year, Henseler said, had more money we could raise the celllng and go down tm.d apply for her," Schnautz Congress has failed to pass a ..savings clause" higher." said after the divorce was granted. The which would have kept a.n.nual cost-of-liv A cynic might suggest the welfare depart printer says he's had a gulltyc conscience for ing increases in Social Security froiiL affect ment has been_ more interested 1n taking care months, knowing that his wife- Ruth needed ing Medicaid eligibility. of nursing homes than the people needing to help that he couldn't afford. u.s. Rep. Jake Pickle of Austin says it get in them. Wirtle the income cap since We will likely have- to wait at least six was not the intent of the Congress to make 1972 hoyered around $360 before jumping to weeks longer. A representative of the local anyone lose benefits because of a hike in $390 last September, DPW approved nursing Social Security office indicated that because Social Security. home rates have risen annually over the same of her age, 58, Mrs. Schnautz would be too He could not recall what happened. to period. The monthlyc rate for nlll'Sing skilled young to qualify !or Medicaid benefits for any "hold harmless" leglslation that might care, for example, has increased from. $416 to the aged. The only way she c.an qualify for have been proposed to remedy the problem. $615. state-paid nursing home care is if she is de Pickle said he doesn't know what can be But Marlin .Tohnston, head of DPW's med- termined to be "disabled." done now, given the regulations under whiCh 1cal adm.in.1strat1on division, says the agency The evaluation of her medical history and the federal welfare programs must operate. has consistently tried to closely match its preseni; needs, performed by the Texas Re A long-term solution to the problem rates to actual nursing home costs, and says habilitation Commission, routinely takes 45 would. be na.ti.onal health t.nsuran.ce, Pickle federal regulations will roon require it. Also, days. said, but he predicted such a measure w1ll the state leglslature indicates approXimately Schnautz indicated he w.ould keep his not be passed before the next session of Con at what levels it wants the rates set, and the form.er Wife at home while waiting for the gress, and then with a major tax increase to welfare board tries to follow its wishes, John decis1on. :finance it. &ton added. Schnautz said he o:riglnally tried to get Potentlally, the onea who will be the hard Next week the board consider& additional help from state and federal welfare agen est hit by the June raise are, l?Y the same nursing home rate increases for flscal urn. cies, but his income was too high under their token some of the most helpless. These, 1t Which the legislature has also recommended. ellglbllity rules. appea~s. are more at the mercy of the Texas The legislators have never indicated where It would take nearly all his $580 per month Legislature than U.S. Congress. the income limits for state benefits should take-home pay, however, to meet nursing State welfare officials estimate as many as be set. home costs. 400 persons confined in nursing homes w1ll Last September the department made a He said he waa told he could qualify his lose their medical benefit ellglbllity, mean study of how much it would cost the state Wife for state assistance under Medicaid by ing the state will stop paying for their medi to ·raise the cap to $473, the ma.ximum al divorcing her, rendering her pennlless. cal care altogether. lowed by federal regulations. For a program rn granting the divorce after a five-min The People a.ffected will be those whose that this fiscal year will spend more than ute hearing Thursday, 167th District Court newly-adjusted monthly incomes will fall $270 million to maintain a monthly ayerage Judge Tom State Blackwell approyed the just over $390, the arbitrary cutoff point set o:t 53,000 patients in nursing homes, the same petition he denied last week. by the Texas Department of Public Welfare. extra expense was found to be relatively Formerly, these persons paid all their small. monthly income except $25 toward their According to figures furnished by Hector nursing home costs, knowing the state would Saenz, an administrator in DPW's budget pick up the difference. Now they will be faced division, some 2,274 persons would become A SUCCESS STORY-NUCLEAR with meeting their entire bilL eligible in a given year, at an annual cost of POWER AT SEA rn the best of situations. a relative or $3.6 million. As in the $270 million budget, 64 charitable group may step in and take up per cent of these dollars are avallable from the state's role; in the worst of circum the federal government, meaning the State HON. TENO RONCALIO stances, there is no one to pay the extra in need only provide an extra $1.3 million to OF WYOMING debtedness that can exceed $200 per month. meet the added cost. IN THE HOUSE. OP REPRESENTATIVES What happens to persons in such dire Saenz said no raise in the ceiling is planned straits? State welfare officials candidly ad for 1977, or in the department's budget re Wednesday, August 25, 1976 mit they don't really know. quest for 1978-79. Any proposed increase~ he Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, just be What to do with a patient who can no indicated, was one of many budgetary casual fore the August recess, I inserted a few longer pay or get the state to is left up to ties incurred as the department tried to pare the nursing home, says Sam McGlamery, a its request to the austerity program encour remarks in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD DPW official who helps manag_e the state's aged by the state's top leadership. that exemplified the importance of nu nursing h.om.e program. Welfare officials point out that wherever clear energy in the successful develop "No doubt, the nursing homes are faced the income llmit is drawn, those just over ment and operation of Amerlca•s space with a dilemma." he said. "They must either the line will feel cheated. program. Today, I wish to insert the fol- 27796 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS August 25, 11J76 lowing letter from Adm. H. G. Rick for our oil powered naval strike forces when riods of history, for the deterrence of war to over which discusses the importance of and where they need it. Further, after sup day has become as impol'ltant a funetton of nuclear energy in our naval defense ef ply lines and the combatant ships protecting the military as the capab111ty to fight wars them are attacked by the enemy, the oil and win them. Thus, the ultimate question fort. products that get through will be needed for facing the United States, in a.n age where JJt The letter is a brief but excellent de the aircraft, small ships, and land vehicles no longer enjoys a position of nuclear superi scription of America's nuclear-powered for which there is no practicable alternate ority is what level of strategic forces repre naval force. In particular, the focus is on fuel. sents "sufficiency" or "realistic deterrence". the U.S.S. Virginia, the eighth nuclear The Virginia will join the nuclear surface And although no question is of more impor powered surface warship in the U.S. fleet. :fleet consisting of the five nuclear cruisers, tance to the survival of the nation, it is As Deputy Commander for Nuclear Pro Long Beach (CGN-9), Bainbridge (CGN-25), increasingly difficult to address. pulsion, the admiral discusses the fact Truxtun ( CGN-35), California ( CGN-36), The popular belief in the United States, and South Carolina (CGN-37), and the two nourished by statements from public of that nuclear power has increased the nuclear carriers, Enterprise (CVN-65), and ficials, is that nuclear war would mean an mobility, versatility, and effectiveness of Nimitz (CVN-68). Two additional nuclear Armageddon, without a victor, and without our naval forces, and he congratulates carriers and three additional nuclear cruisers survivors. Expressing his thought, Secretary Congress for its foresight and wisdom of the Virginia Class are also under construc of State Kissinger observed: in encouraging the development of nu tion. Historically a con:tlict of ideology and clear propulsion for our naval strike The existence of these ships is testimony geopolitical interests, such as that which to the foresight and wisdom of the Congress characterizes the current international forces. in taking the initiative to provide nuclear scene, has almost invariably led to conflict. Admiral Rickover's letter follows: propulsion for our naval strike forces. But in the age of thermonuclear weapons and U.S.S. "VmGINIA" (CGN 38), Respectfully, strategic equality, humanity could not sur FLEET POST OFFICE, H. G. RICKOVER. vive such a repetition of history. No amount New York, N.Y., July 29, 1976. of rhetoric can change these realities.l Han. TENO RONCALIO, Kissinger is arguing that global stabtlity Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, exists through what is popularly called the Washington, D.C. NUCLEAR WAR IN SOVIET MILITARY "balance of terror". This principle, also re DEAR MR. RONCALIO: We are returning THINKING-THE IMPLICATIONS fened to as the doctrine of security through from the first sea trials of the nuclear "mutual vulnerability", or "mutual assured powered guided-missUe cruiser U.S.S. Vtr FOR U.S. SECURITY destruction", assumes in its simplest form ginia (CGN-38), our eighth nuclear-powered that neither the United States nor the Soviet surface warship. The Virginia put to sea yes U.nlon is capable of undertaking a preemp terday from the Newport News ShipbuUding HON. JACK F. KEMP tive strike against the other. The strategic and Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Va. OF NEW YORE arms debate in the United States has been The Virginia, in conjunction with nuclear IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES predicated exclusively upon this principle, powered aircraft carriers and other nuclear and has resulted in a doctrine which, in powered guided-missile ships wm give the Wednesday, August 25, 1976 theory, is designed to give the United States Navy the most capable surface striking forces (By Hughes and Edwards) the strategic capabtlity to withstand a So we can build. Our nuclear-powered surface Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, it is increas viet first strike, and retaliate with enough striking forces will be assured of their mo ingly evident that the over-selling of strategic forces to inflict unacceptable dam bility despite uncertainty of fuel oil supplies age upon the Soviet Union. It is this doc in any future combat areas. detente has encouraged false hopes and trine which represents the essence of the Five other ships of the U.S. Navy and two stimulated wishful thinking in the U.S. deterrence strategy; and it is this doc Confederate warships have been named Vir United States regarding Soviet inten trine by which sufficiency is measured. In ginia. The last ship named Virginia was a tions and the goals that can be set for concrete terms strategic sufficiency, as de 16,000-ton battleship commissioned in 1906 improving U.S.-U.S.S.R. relations. The fined by then Secretary of Defense McNa and retired in 1920. The current Virginia is lack of realism in our attitudes about mara, means that U.S. forces: 585 feet long, has a beam of 63 feet and dis Soviet intentions and capabilities threat •.. must be sufficiently large to possess an places about 11,000 tons. She carries two 'Assured Destruction' capability. By this I twin-armed batteries of anti-aircraft mis ens our defense posture and increases mean an ability to inflict at all times and siles and anti-submarine rockets. She has my fear of the possibility that we will en under all foreseeable conditions an unaccept two five-inch guns, long range sonar, tor ter into a disadvantageous SALT agree able degree of damage upon any single ag pedoes, electronic warfare equipment, and ment for other than the soundest mili gressor-even after absorbing a surprise at can hangar a helicopter. Her reactors contain tary security reasons. tack ... In the case of the Soviet Union, I enough energy for 10 years of operation with A valued member of my staff, Mary would judge that a capability on our part to out refueling. The Virginia's primary mission Rose Edwards, legislative assistant, has destroy, say, one-fifth to one-fourth of her is to provide anti-aircraft and anti-subma population and one-half of her industrial rine protection to an aircraft carrier task coauthored this important article about capability would serve as an effective de force. Nuclear power provides a carrier task the implications for U.S. security of nu terrent.2 force with essentially unlimited high speed clear war in Soviet military thinking. I McNamara's enunciation of the policy of endurance. Only nuclear-powered task forces urge the attention of all my colleagues 'Assured Destruction' represented a funda are able to transit quickly to remote areas to this article. I am putting the first part mental shift in the U.S. strategic deterrence and arrive ready for protracted combat with of this article in the RECORD at this time, doctrine, which for most of the 1950's had out pre-placed tan kers to supply propulsion and the second part will follow shortly: been predicated upon "massive retaliation'. fuel. This shift in U.S. policy reflected the chang NUCLEAR WAR IN SOVIET MILrrARY THINKING ing conditions of the international environ Nuclear powered task forces can maintain -THE IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. SECURITY a sustained attack, then retire quickly to ment, but more importan~ly, American pol distant areas of lower threat for replenish (Pet er C. Hughes and M. R . Edwards icy makers recognized that massive retalia ment of combat consumables. Only a task U.S. Congressional Statf) tion lacked flexibility, and as such was under force consisting entirely of nuclear powered Much has been written in recent months mining the credibility of the U.S. deterrence ships can match the high speed endurance about the disparity in U.S. Soviet defense posture.3 As Y. Harkabi has noted, the mag of enemy nuclear submarines. This permits expenditures, and the growing military ca nitude of the threat of punishment has a high speed evasive action and eliminates the pabilities of the Soviet Union in conventional direct correlation with the value of the de increased susceptibility to attack during the and strategic forces. As a con sequence, a terrence, but only up to some undefinable frequent slowing required to refuel conven new debate has emerged in this country point, after which the probability that the tionally powered ships. Thus, the all-nuclear concern ing the adequacy of the nat ion's de threat will actually be implemented declines, carrier strike force has a greater capability fense posture. again in direct correlation with the credibil to penetrate and counter the projected So While this debate has served to highlight it y of the deterrence.i viet naval threat than any other naval sur the lack of consensus in the nation at large U.S. deterrence strategy has been refined face force we know how to build. Nuclear over the means and ends of American for many t imes over since McNamara first artic power in guided-missile ships, like the Vir eign policy, and what the proper role for the u1ated the policy of 'Assured Destruction', ginia, also makes them uniquely suited for United States should be as a world power but the heart of what constitutes strategic independent missions where logistic support In the last quarter of the twentieth century, sufficiency remains essentially unchanged. is not practicable. the debat e has also focused attention on the There has, however, as of late emerged a The worldwide uncertainty in peacetime age-old question of what constitutes the nec new group of critics who are challenging the oil supplies and the declining number of our essary force levels, and combination of force credibility of 'Assured Destruction.' • overseas bases emphasize the tenuous nature structures, needed to adequately defend this The doctrine of mutual assured destruc of our foreign oil supplies. In wartime, the country's foreign policy and defense interests. tion, the acronym of which is the commonly vulnerabUity of tankers in high threat areas In the nuclear age this question assumes could well make it impo~ible to provide fuel even greater significance than in earlier pe- Foot notes at e1; d of article. August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27797 referred to MAD, has been the subject of in man o! the- Council oL Ministers. Malenkov, nuclear maniacs, who would ve-1'3" much like . tensive critical study, and has resulted in spoke of "t~ destruction oL world civiliza one or other of those against whom tbey are the contemporary "counterforce-counter tion", but was sharply admonished by Mo contemplating a nuclear attack: to~ee2:e With varlue" debate.~> Until recent1Tth15 debate was lotov (then Minister of. Foreign A:tf.airs) and terror and lay down their arms. No, this is not largely academic, but it assumed new policy Party leader Khrushchev who insisted that how things stand. Nuclear war, d~spite its significance when President Nixon. begin only the capitalist system would ~erish. destructiveness-, does not diminish the prob ning ln.1969.. requested funlfing !Ora num In 1967, a more definitive Soviet position lem of struggle and t he (signiftcance of ) ber of strategic R&D programs_ designed to was taken by General Secretary Brezhnev correlation of forces. n. enhance the U.S. counterforce ca~ability. when he said that "in a clash with any Bochkarev's statement is signifleant, for This "counterforce-coun tervalue" debate aggressor the Soviet Union will win a victory unlike Secy. Kissinger who de~ that stra has had both a pervasive and ~ernicious im worthy of our great people." Since that time tegic nuclear forces are usable for- foreign pact on U.S. st rategic developments, and pop Soviet pronouncements reflecting the belief policy ends, Soviet strategic thinking does ulaT opinion. The conventional belief that in "mutual suicide" and "no victory" have not reflect this inhibition. Translating doc stability between the superpowers exists not been evident in that country's internal trine into policy; the Soviet leadership has through mutual assured destruction has led strategic debate. On the contrary, the Soviet argued that "any country which contem to strong demands by infiuential opinion strategic debate begins with the premise that plates alloWing the opponent to stl'ike first makers 1n the United States to eliminate a. nuclear war 1s survivable. As recently ex is acting contrary to rational behavior and number o! this country's strategic R&D pro pressed by Rear Admiral V. Sheliag, one o! the rules of war". Putting policy into prac grams which the Soviets could interpret as that country's military spokesmen: tice, in 1970 Soviet broadcasts to China being destabilizing. The 1972 treaty between "Closely connected with the news in the warned that the U.S.S.R. would not hesitate the United States and the Soviet Union on character of a world war is the question of to resort to a nuclear first strtk:e.u The con the limitation of antiballistic missiles sys its consequences. In the West, for instance, tinuing Soviet build-up 1n conventiOnal and tems (ABM) was one clear result o! this it is claimed that humanity, world civlliza. strategic forces is, then, the logical extension thinking. Both President Nixon and Secre tion would perish in the event of such war, of Soviet strategic do-ctrine, and it extends tary K1ss1nger urged U.S. approval o! the that everything living on earth would be far beyond any conceivable defensive re ABM treaty on the grounds that it would annihlla.ted. . • ." quirements, or interest 1n 'parity' or 'essen eliminate an area o! potentially "dangerous Marxist-Leninists resolutely reject (this). tial equivalence• that country might have, defensive competition", and that U.S. con They have always considered and still con but instead reflects- the Soviet desire to tinuance of the ABM program might be seen sider war, all the more so a thermonuclear achieve a strategic wa.r-ftghtlng, war-win as offensive strategy, "threatening the Soviet war, as the greatest calamity for the people. ning capability. Further, tb.1a S'ov.tet ambi deterrent", by making U.S. targets less vul But the Communists harbor no sentiments of tion_ has actually been enhaneed by efforts 0 nerable to a Soviet atta.ck. Similarly, the ho~elessness or-pesslm1sm.1o on the part of the United S~tes to achieve ongoing debate over whether or not the yield It is" this Soviet attitude toward nuclear mea.ntngful strategic arms 11mita.t1on agree and accuracy of the U.S. Minuteman force war which sheds llght on the fi:Icompa.tibility ments with the Soviet Union. As former should be increased reflects this' thinking. of Soviet political and military ambitions U.S. SALT negotiator Paul Nitze has warned: And the travesty of th15 ongoing debate in with detente diplomacy, a.t least as detente . . . there is every prospect that under the the United States is- that it finds no parallel is commonly understood in the United terms of the SALT agreements the Soviet in the Soviet Ullion. Certa;ln scholastics and States. Union will continue to pursue a nuclear policy makers in this: country persist-in con Detente, as projected by its architect, Sec. superiority that is not merely quantitative tinuing a debate concerning the adequacy of Kissinger, was designed to produce: mol'e than but designed to produce a theor.etical war the U.S. deterrence posture without either a stable strategic balance between the winning_ capability. Fur.ther, there is a considering the Soviet position, or if it is United States and the Soviet rrnto:n. It was major risk that. if such conditions were being considered, ignoringc its implications designed to create a. web of interdependent achieved, the SoV'iet Union would adjust it s As Dr. William Scott has pointed out: intm.'ests between the two countries. which policies and actions in ways t hat would "There is a strange reluctance in the West would serve as a. constraint on. Soviet efforts undermine the I!I:-e59llt deterr.eat- situat ion, to exa.mine Soviet writings. . . It is much to expand its global power and influence. en with_ reslllt.& that could only· resurrect t he easier to sit on the fence a.nd.speculate what abling both superpowers to pUl"Sll.e their na danger of nuc!ea:r_ confrontation or, alterna course the Soviets might take. A. thorough tional interests- without destabillzing the- so tively, lead to Soviet expansion througJ:l_ the analysis o1: Sovie1A publications on m.ilitaJ:y called "grand design.'' Obviously, detent e has usa oL t he nuclear tlrreat.u matters~ combined with known. facts about ftd.led. to ac.compllsh either of. these: U.S. ob No~ only has the Soviet Union: failed to Soviet weaponry could pr_esent explanations jectives. But det.ente, o rather p1m.cefnl en of. Soviet behavior (and beliefs regarding adopt a symmetric view of strategic forces, existence as it is- called in Soviet te.r:minology, and what constitutes t he basis for m u tual nuclear war) that would be uncomfortable has always had quite a. different pm:pose for to study. 'I:hus, in.the marketplace, the myths deterrence, but it has undertak en a. mas the Soviet leadership. As even a. cursory read sive program designed to protect t h at coun still have xeady sales." 1 ing of the- Soviet literature and policy state try's civilian population and econ omic in One such myth, which is the central and ments reveals, the global activities and am stallations from all instruments of massive ultimately critical issue- concerning t~ ade bitions of the Soviet Union, while irrecon cil destruction, particularly nuclem- weapons. quacy of the U.S. deterrence posture, is that able- with the U.S. tmd.erstandlng of det ente, And ironically, at a time when U.S. support stability between_ the su!!erpowers eXists are- entirely consistent with the U".S.S.R .'s m,. for the ABM treaty-was being sough t on the through mutual assured destruction. U.S. terpretation of peaceful coexistence. Peaceful grounds that it would be destabilizing for prownents o! MAD ar gue that the failure of coexistence, in Soviet politico-military tbJ..nk the United States to make its targets less vul deterrence must be obvious to all national ing~ is designed to alter the form of the nerable to a Soviet first-strike, the Soviet ci vii leaders, and as such they doubt the efficacy of struggle- between t he oppoSing power blocs defense ( CD) program.. was being ra pidly military power as a tool of. diplomacy in: the and reduce the likelihood of nuclear war. :s-ut expanded. Following rat ification of t he SALT nuclear age. Comment ing on this, Secretary detente, according to Soviet underst anding, I agreement, and the ABM treaty; the So Kissinger has argued that: does not require the abandonmen~ of the viets created the position of Deputy Minister ". . . to consider the mass use of nuclear fundamen~ally incompatible and ideological for Civil Defense; a position that' is on a weapons in terms of t he destruction of civil objectives of the two powers blocs. On the level equal with that country's five ot her ian populations, one faces a. polittcal impos contrary, the Soviet view is that peaceful defense ministries, thus revealln g t he sig sibility, not t o speak of a moral impossibil coexistence will create favorable conditions nificance which the Soviets attach to this ity." s for reducing the potential level of confilct position. But while the issue of nuclear weapons m ay between the opposing power blocs, while FOOTNOT ES be considered immoral and unthinkable by enabling the U.S.S.R. to support revolutionary 1 Depart ment of St ate Bulletin, Pebruar y U.S. leaders, this view is not shared by their mass movements and national liberation 3, 1976, p . 3. Soviet counterpart s. wars. "right up to the colnplete and fi n al 2 For a brief discussion on U.S. strategic Focusing public attention on this ques victory of communism on a world scale". In deterrence doctrine from McNamar a t o tion, Dr. Malcolm Currie, Director of Research discussing this Soviet view of peaceful co Schlesinger see: "Analyses of Effects of and Engineering with the U.S. Department existence, within the framework of the Soviet Limited Nuclear Warfare," Committee Print, o! Defense, recently emphasized that nuclear attitude towards nuclear war, Major-General Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Sen war in Soviet politico-military thought is K Bochka.rev wrote: ate, September 1975, pp-. 25-39; see especially not only thinkable, but perhaps inevita.ble.o Marxist-Leninists are not panicked in the p. 27. Hereafter referred to as ..Effects of The Inevitability of war is, of course, a fun face of. terrifying danger created by imperial Limited Nuclear War." dam.ental tenet of Soviet ideology, and is ism nor depict it as a prelude to the 'end of ~ The now declassified NSC Paper 68, based on the Marxist-Leninist concepts of the world' ... But if, nevertheless, the im Spring, 1950, reveals a sharp difi'erence in the inherently destructive nature of capital perialists do manage to fan the flam.es of a. the actual versus the- declaratory U.S. policy ism and imperialism. While Soviet views on world nuclear war, what will its consequences regarding "massive retaliation!' nuclear war, like those- of the U'nited States, be? In answering such a. question it is neces ' See Y. Harkabi, Nuclear War and Nuclear have vacillated since World War II, since the sary to clearly understand that the bourgeois Peace, (Jerusalem, Malarachot: Publishing mid--19-50's the predominant Soviet attitude pacifists' argument about the 'end of the House of the Israel Defense- F'Orces, 19ff6); has been that the Soviet Union would sur world' in such a. war and the responsibllityot" pp. ~30. . vive a nuclear war. In 1954 the Soviet Chair- victory benefit only the aggressor and the *For an excellent, concise critiqu e of ·MAD 27798 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August ·25, 1976 see: James E. Dorman, "Detente and the A TOAST TO JO~ J.~~ hard for a goal, and their ability to suc Pending Strategic Crisis," ACU Education Our lives by years cannot be dated. ceed. and Research Institute, Washington, D.C. Our deeds and hopes best mark the spa,n 1975. See especially pp. 11-16. Bobby Hackett has certainly brought By God Eternal are people created a special sense of pride to his family, his ~For example: Robert Sherman, "The Fal The calendars were made by man lacies of Counterforce," Strategic Review, When we start to count flowers friends and neighbors in his home town (Spring, 1975) pp. 48-57. (An excellent re We cease to count weeds of Yonkers, N.Y., as well as his class buttal to this article was written by Amoretta When we start to count blessings mates and coaches at Fordham Prep. and Francis Hoeber, "The Case Against the We cease to count needs They and all Americans congratulate case Against Counterforce," Strategic Review, When we start to count laughter this fine young man for his contributions (Fall, 1975), pp. 54-65. We cease to count tears to the American Olympic cause. I ex c For the rationale behind this argument When we count happy memories tend to Bobby my warmest best wishes read: Gene R. LaRoque, "Security Through We cease to count years Mutual Vulnerability," Occasional Paper No. Sincerely, for continued excellence in all future 2, The Stanley Foundation, 1973, pp. 1-12. DAVIDA and MAURICE GOLDSMITH. endeavors. 7 William F. Scott, "Soviet Military Doc trine and Strategy: Realities and Misunder standings," Strategic Review (Summer, SOVIET BUSTED, THOUGH FEW 1975), p. 65. This is an excellent article in HAVE NOTICED which the author argues that Western ana TRIBUTE TO BOBBY HACKETT lysts have failed, as a group, to inform the OUTSTANDING OLYMPIC ATHLETE public about Soviet military doctrine and HON. EDWARD J. DERWI SKI · strategy. OF ILLINOIS s "Effects of Limited War," p. 29. ,I IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES D See News Conference by Dr. Malcolm Cur HON. MARIO BIAGGI rie, Director of Research and Engineering, OF NEW YORK Wednesday, August 25, 1976 The Pentagon, February 26, 1976. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 10 For the most comprehensive discussion Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, there in the English language see: Leon Goure, Wednesday, August 25, 1976 has been much discussion of Soviet crop Soviet Civil Defense in the Seventies (Coral failures but not enough attention to the Gables, Florida.: Center for Advanced Inter Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, the Amer fact that the entire Soviet economy is in na. tiona! Studies, University of Miami, 1975) • ican people were proud of the men and dire straits. This point is well made in This study was prepared for the U.S. Defense women who represented us at the re an article by Eliot Janeway which ap.:. Civil Preparedness Agency. For the above ci cently completed 21st Olympic games peared in The Washington Star on Au tation see p. 17. This study is hereafter re in Montreal. Our athletes captured a ferred to as Soviet Otvil Defense tn the gust 8, "Soviet Busted, Though Few Have number of gold medals including the Noticed," and I insert it in the RECORD Seventies. basketball, several in boxing and the n Ibid., p. 16. The correlation of forces in feeling it had not had enough attention. soviet terminology defines the aggregate of coveted decathlon. The success of the I certainly hope this article has been forces bearing on the situation, including American team was based on both an called to the attention of Secretary political, psychological, mllltary and eco individual and team desire to excel. We Kissinger. nomic, which will eventually lead to Soviet are truly proud of all our athletes. The article follows: supremacy and the defeat of the West. It is an especially proud opportunity SoVIET BUSTED, THOUGH FEW HAVE NOTICED Ill For a discussion of this see: Hearings by for me to pay tribute to one of these the Civil Defense Subcommittee of the Com (By Eliot Janeway) athletes, Bobby Hackett, a young man Revolution by repudiation is a novel pos.:. mittee on Armed Services of the House of presently a student at Fordham Prep Representatives. See March 2, 1976 Hearings; sibntty-sttll too novel to have been stated committee print not a.vaUable at date of pub aratory School located in my congres as a formal polftlcal concept. The textbook lication. Hereafter referred to as "March 2. sional district. Bobby Hackett gave one alternatives to this treat of capitalist col 1976 Hearings." of the more outstanding individual per lapse are limited to the various apocalyptic n Paul Nitze, Nuclear Strategy in an Era of formances in the Olympics competing in projections of Marx, Lenin, and Stalin. Their Detente (Mimeograph) October 2'1, 1975, p. L the hotly contested 1,500 meter free warnings range from defeat in war to col style race. lapse into depression. The standard. Communist ideology regards Bobby was one of the youngest Amer capitalism as on the wane and Communism icans ever to compete in the Olympics. as on the rise. It assumes that the eventual SPREAD THE NEWS This fact did not intimidate Bobby for outcome is a foregone conclusion; only the 1 minute as he stood on the starting timing and the circumstances of the revolu blocks before the race. He knew he had tion are admitted to be open to question. It spent many long hours in training for is an article of faith that the inherent weak HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. ness and progressive disintegration of capi this moment, and exuded a sense of self talism ts responsible for its vulnerability to OF MASSACHUSETTS confidence which betrayed his age of 16 Communist takeover. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years. He knew full well that he was The Communist prophets never suspected Wednesday, August 25, 1976 competing head to head with the best that the shoe might wind upon the other swimmers in the world, and all indica foot; that is, that a serious threat to the Mr. O'NEn..L. Mr. Speaker, recently tions pointed to an extremely fast race. very foundations of the capitalist structure the Belmont Herald marked 45 years of Bobby rose to the occasion in the finest might develop as a result of the acute weak service to the citizens of Belmont, Mass., Olympic tradition and swam a race ness of the Communist system. Yet this is and the newspaper has received many the very trick which financial history is now which combined savvy, strength, and de playing on political philosophy. fine and deserved tributes. sire to wm: While he came in second The fact is that during this decade, Moscow One such tribute was paid by Davida Bobby was able to accomplish a remark has engineered a. worldwide cover-up to con and Maurice Goldsmith and I would like able feat, he shattered the existing ceal this weakness. It began exactly three at this time to include it in the Co~GRES world record for the 1,500 meter race at years before it surfaced at the time of the SIONAL RECORD: the age of 10 and while competing in his great Moscow grain steal of 1973. Since then SPREAD THE NEWS its very conspicuousness has protected the first Olympic Games. cover-up; the obvious is always obscure until Dear Friends: One of the late Will Rogers the economics of crisis forces recognition. many famous sayings was "All I know is what Bobby Hackett in that race demon strated the characteristics which make While the process of recognition has begun, I read in the newspapers". We might para it is far from complete. Russia's food short phrase this remark, since we've been weekly a true champion, and it can only be ex ages and gold sales are making headlines, but readers of the Belmont Herald for 28 years. pected that Bobby will improve during few people understand their significance: Last week's Ed1torial tells us that the Bel Russia. is busted-and no one has really mont Herald is 45 years young-so we're the 1980 games. sending Happy Anniversary Greetings to Americans have always held a special noticed. John J. Martin and the Martin Families and place in their hearts for the men and Familiarity with the history of Communist to Editor Robert Mead and the entire Bel women who represent them in the theology sharpens the contrast between mont Herald Team of dedicated workers. May Marxist expectations and admissions. Of the you continue in the years ahead to spread Olympics. They realize that these are "big three", Marx himself was the most the good news to good neighbors in the good individuals who epitomize what is best realistic; partly because he was the only one Town of Belmont. about Americans-their ability to work of u-~ltl who had the benefit of an _educa- August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27799 tion, and who commanded a cultural reach. notch, and that she never needed to borrow. was Lenin's most menacing battle cry. The Marx envisioned the revolution beginning Her most imaginative achievement had been Kremlin is now too far gone to revive it. with the insurrection of the proletariat in the move which created the Eurodollar mar Russia has dissipated the sinews of war; but an advanced industrial country-most prob ket. while she is not about to conquer any one ably Germany. He missed his mark by little Now Russia has worn out her welcome she can still drive her creditors to the brink more than a generation, which is not too bad there. Until 1970, she loomed as the modern with her. This means that the contributions for a m1llenial thinker. equivalent of a merchant prince in Europe's Russia and the satellites have been making Marx's famous failure to foresee that Rus financial markets. In the few years since, to worldwide business activity with their bor sia would be the first important country to even the most indulgent bankers have dis rowings is in for a drastic shrinkage. go Communist 1S offset by one of his less covered that she is a pauper, and are treat Gradually, the calamitous implications of publicized insights. As I showed in my Eco ing her accordingly. The major New York a forced rescheduling of Russian and satellite nomics of Crisis, Marx himself originated the bank with the biggest portfolio of dubious debts are recalling the meaning of the mora theory of "American exceptionalism," which overseas loans has just decided that Russia torium that triggered the last Depression. But Stalin later declared to be heretical and pun is no longer entitled to advances-this with America has the means to save the world fi ishable by death. Marx based the exemption Russia still exploiting her shadowy role be nancial structure from Russia's weakness. he gave America on his recognition that this hind the more rambunctious members of Hopefully, the presidential campaign will was a new world enjoying a fresh start. To the oil cartel, and squeezing more profit out focus on the strategy of strength needed to paraphrase the send-off given the Bolshevik of the present oil price structure than any of buy the time and sell the resources America Revolution by John Reed, the idealistic them. has been wa ting. American reporter whose ashes are embedded The figures on Russia's borrowings are in the Kremlin Wall, Marx had seen the fu horrendous. Combined with the forced bor ture, and it worked. He foresaw the rise of rowings of her European satellites, they .American agripower as the key to world amounted to $35-37 billion by the end of last power that it is now. year, as opposed to only $2 billion in 1970. WALL STREET JOURNAL ENDORSES Marx's political judgments have actually The only reason why 1976 may not prove to THE DINGELL-BROYHILL (TRAIN) stood the test of time better than his eco be Russia's biggest borrowing year yet is that STANDARDS nomic pronouncements. His politics were his the lenders are running out of both con own; but his economics-by his own admis fidence and money, while she is running out sion-were borrowed from the classical Eng of plausibility. At 7 percent, just the annual HON. JOHN D. DINGELL lish economists, whose models were limited interest bill on $40 billion (a very conserva to the relationships between industrial em tive estimate for 1976's total of Russian and OF MICHIGAN ployers and their workers. While the work satellite country borrowings) would approxi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mate the entire principal outstanding in of Ricardo and his fellow pioneers offers a Wednesday, August 25, 1976 remarkable preview of the spectacle of Rus 1970. sia selling gold reserves to finance emer Russia is no longer making any bones Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the Wall gency purchases of corn, the problems and about passing her distress on to her satellites. Street Journal, in its lead editorial Aug the potential of modern agriculture were She 1s forcing them to overborrow so that she can step up her bleeding of them. For exam ust 24, 1976, endorsed the Dingell-Broy beyond their ken. This is a major limitation hill - - August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27809 oil produced from them for military use, re TURNING YOUR KIDS INTO EMPTY ROBOTS over the next decade and that, "Ten years jected 102-305, "aye"; 7-8-75. (By Allan C. Brownfeld) hence it would be more accurate to term him Final passage, a bill to authorize creation a 'learning clinician.' The title is intended Americans are, by now, well aware of the to convey the idea that schools are becoming on lands owned by the federal government of fact that, although more money is being national petroleum reserves and to provide 'clinics' whose purpose is to provide individ spent on public education than ever before, ualized psychosocial 'treatment' for the for inclusion of the existing naval petroleum less is being learned. Scholastic aptitude tests reserves in those systems, passed 391-20, student, thus increasing his value both to in reading and mathematics are at all time himself and to society." (Today's Education, "yea"; 7-8-75. lows. Students are taking remedial reading January, 1969). H.R. 3474 APPROPRIATION AUTHORIZATION FOR courses in colleges and universities and the Federal money has taken traditional ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMIN study of American History and of foreign courses in reading and history and foreign ISTRATION language has been all but eliminated in language out of the public schools and has Amendment to an amendment to cut au many high schools. Whether they can read replaced them with "courses" which are far thorizations for on-site construction and or not, students are moved from the first different. A Title III (of the Elementary and long leadtime procurement for the Clinch grade through grade 12. Clearly, something Secondary Education Act) project used in River Breeder Plant, rejected 136-227, "no"; is wrong. San Jose and Saratoga, California promises to amendment to cut authorization for produc In a recently published study, "Federal Aid "develop the image of the school as the cen tion of nuclear energy weapons and other For Social Engineering In The Public Schools'' ter of community living," and in doing so programs by $803.8 million, rejected 102- (ACU Education and Research Institute, 422 the school asks children to fill out question 246, "no." First Street, S.E., Washington, D.C. 20003), naires containing such questions as: "What Final passage, a bill to authorize appropri Solveig Eggerz, a contributing editor of Hu is your family life like? ... Do your parents ations to the Energy Research and Develop man Events and currently a Ph. D. candidate visit bars? ... Do your mother and father ment Administration, passed 317-9, "yea"; at Catholic University, puts into perspective sleep in separate beds? ... Do your brothers 6-20-75. the philosophy which has motivated those and sisters steal? . . . Does your mother go Motion to delete from the conference ver who have presided over the decline in our ed out with other men? . . . Does your father sion of the bill the language authorizing up ucational standards. go out with other women?" to $6 billion in federal loan guarantees to The fact is, Miss Eggerz writes, that, The parallel between asking children such encourage the commercial development of "Today's education theorists are often less personal questions, Miss Eggerz writes, "and synthetic fuels, agreed to 263-140, "aye"; concerned with what and how children learn the use of children as spies in their own 12-11-75. than they are with what kind of Utopian homes during the Hitler period may be an Motion to delet e from the conference ver world the schools can 'produce' . . . it was extreme one to draw. Since this is a state sion of the bill the language authorizing the with the advent of federal aid that those who funded program, the comparison is, however Energy Research and Development Adminis view the school as an instrument for social inevitable.'' tration to select a tract of public land and to change could acquire a firm enough grip on It is the unfortunate conclusion of the Eg conduct an oil shale demonstration program local school districts and the content of ed gerz study that, "The public schools have there in cooperation with a private company, ucation to realize some of these goals." fallen into the hands of educators who have agreed to 283-117, "nay"; 12-11-75. A curriculum sponsored by the National little interest in instruction and federal aid serves to strengthen their grip on what was H.R. 3130 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT OF 1969 Education Association, called "A Curriculum for the 'Whole' Student," defined its purpose once an educational system. As federal aid AMENDMENTS as the need to "move away from ·an em increases, the view of children tends to Motion to suspend the rules and pass the phasis on the retention of facts to an em change from considering them as individuals bill to amend the National Environmental phasis on the processes of inquiry, compar who belong to themselves and their families, Policy Act of 1969 to make clear that state ison, interpretation and synthesis. In addi to viewing them as property of the state to preparation of an impact statement was not tion to purely intellectual growth, the cur be molded at the whim of the schools." sUfficient justification alone for rejecting an riculum should regard emotions, attitudes, This-it is sad to report-is how our environmental impact statement for any Fed ambitions and values as legitimate areas of schools got to be the way they ~re today! eral project, agreed to 370-5, "yea"; 4-21-75. concern." Only if parents get angry enough about it Conference report on the bill to amend the With so much attention given to "emotion, can we hope to see a meaningful change in National Environmental Policy Act to state attitudes, ambitions and values" in recent the right direction. that environmental impact statements were years, young Americans have not had enough not legally insUfficient simply because they time to learn reading, writing and arithme had been prepared by state omcials, adopted tic. Parents and other concerned citizens 2!79-143, "nay"; 7-29-75. should make no mistake about the reasons for this state of affairs. Students are not PERSONAL EXPLANATION learning the basics precisely because the ed TURNING YOUR KIDS INTO EMPTY ucational establishment belleves that read ROBOTS ing, writing and arithmetic are not Im HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE portant. Obviously, if little Is being taught OF NEW JERSEY little will be learned. HON. LARRY McDONALD Catherine Barrett, past president of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI.VES OF GEORGIA N.E.A., states that the traditional skills such Wednesday, August 25, 1976 as reading and arithmetic should take no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES more than "one quarter of the school day." Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, I was Wednesday, August 25, 1976 She declared that, "The remaining time will absent from Washington for 2 legislative be devoted to what is truly fundamental and days during the week of August 9, 1976, Mr. MciX>NALD. Mr. Speaker, as ed basic." due to my appointment as a member of ucators and concerned parents watch Miss Eggerz notes that, "At a time when the Republic Platform Committee which with perplexity, and the Nation's SAT the education establishment has down was meeting in Kansas City during that scores continue to slide downward, the graded the teaching of the basic skills, it is interesting to note that 18.5 million Ameri week. Accordingly, for the benefit of my blame is being portioned out in various constituents, I would like to indicate how ways and fashions. However, I think we cans over age 16 are functional illiterates, most of whom have attended public schools I would have voted on legislation con can all agree that the three R's have for many years." sidered by the House if I had been pres been deemphasized in our schools ·and . The manner in which federal money has ent: that the emphasis on the "whole child'' been used to finance curriculums which H.R. 11552, Post-·card registration, Frenzel has resulted in less basic learning. Fed downgrade education and promote "change," amendment, to the Thompson amendment, eral aid to education appears to have "is described in some detail in· this study. Rollcall No. 617, y~as. 172, nays, 199. If I had had no impact on stemming the tide, in Using the "inquiry" or "discovery" method, , been present, I would have voted "yea.'' fact a good: ease can be made that it . Miss Eggerz points out, students using fed H.R. 11552, Post card registration, Thomp hurt American education as a whole by erally-financed courses of study ar~ "told son amendments en bloc, Rollc:an No. 618, providing funds for hordes of adminis that there are no absolutes, no truths, no yeas, 223, nays 148. If I had been present, I trators and so-called innovative pro certainty with regard to right and wrong, would have voted "nay." grams that have continually disrupted and that factual knowledge is unimportant." H.R. 11552, Post card registration, Frenzel Teachers are no longer considered individ amendment, Rollcall No. 619, yeas, 136, na.ys, our Nation's schools by being imple uals who transmit knowledge and skills to 242. If I had· been present,· I would have· mented and then discarded. Recently young people. Former Secretary of Health, voted "yea.'' · Columnist Allan Brownfeld wrote a very Education and Welfare Elltot Richardson H.R. 11552, Post card registration, Frenzel perceptive column on this problem, which said in 1971 that teachers are "potentially prefecting amendment to Banker amend appeared in the Anaheim Bulletin on our largest cadre of mental health person ment, Rollcall No. 620, yeas, 219, nays, 164. August 13, 1976. I rommend the column nel." An N.E.A. journal stated that the basic If I had been present, I would have voted to the attention of my colleagues: role of the teacher wm "change noticeably" "yea." 27810 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 25_, 1976 H.R. 11552, Post card registration, BonKer postponement--are trying to cloak their ties in Portugal, Iceland, Panama, Chile, amendment, Rollcall No. 621, yeas, 255, nays, efforts in the mantles of "economic Italy, Afghanistan, India, Indochina, 130. If I had been present, 1 would have voted sense'' and "military nonnecessity." and the Philippines, to name a few. "yea." H.R. 11552, Post card registration, Frenzel In both cases, their arguments simply All of these activities are not those amendment in the nature of a substitute, do not make sense. They are not sup of a wrongfully misunderstood nation in Rollcall No. 622, yeas, 77, nays, 313. If I had ported by the facts. dulging in a grand social-economic ex been present, I would have voted ''yea." Regarding the military facts, I find periment. They are clear manifestations H.R. 11552, Post card registration, passage the case in support of the B-1 bomber of a nation pursuing an ag-gressive, of the bill to create a Voter Registration Ad worldwide manifest destiny-a destiny ministration within the Federal Election program overwhelmingly compelling. The Soviet Union, in spite of detente and the they believe ordained by history-that Commission, Rollcall No. 623, yeas, 239, nays, will by force and deceit crush and de 147. If I had been present I would have voted SALT negotiations, is clearly pursuing a "nay." military posture of pre-emptive nuclear feat any unprepared and irresolute op H.R. 13372, New River power project, to first strike capability; strategic nuclear ponent~ designate a 26.5 mile stretch of the New and conventional superiority; a war The B-52, which has been the manned River in North Carolina as ·part of the Wild winning, war-surviving capability; and, airborne element of our three-part mili and Scenic Rivers Systems. adoption of the the ability to engage in nuclear black tary defense system, has served us -well. rule, Rollcall No. 624, yeas, 371, nays, 10. Unfortunately, it has been overtaken by If 1 had been present, I would have voted mail for both tactical and strategic pur poses. the same things that rendered the long Yea. bow first marginally effective and then H.R. 13372. New River Power Project, Tay In spite of SALT, a policy that in my obsolete. The passage of time has brought lor motion (procedural), Rollcall No. 625, opinion has acted as an hallucinogenic yeas, 350, nays, 1. If I had been present, I age. It has also brought improved coun on our national commonsense and forti ter-technologies to our enemies--enemies would have voted Nay. tude, the Soviet Union has deliberately H.R. 12169. Federal Energy Administration who are clearly not content with equRl Act Amendments. Adoption of the rule (H. pursued the development and deploy strength and capability. By the 1980's Res. 1468) ... to extend the life of the Fed ment of five new weapons systems and the Soviet Union will be a.ble to effec eral Energy Administration until Dec. 31, at least five new strategic capabilities tively defense the B-52. They will possess 1977, Rollcall No. 630, yeas, 267, nays, 117. that were either circumscribed or pro superior strategic nuclear power :md If I had been present, I would have voted hibited by the agreements. First, they delivery capability. Our missiles, locked Nay. have gone ahead with the development H .R. 12169, Federal Energy Administration in silos, will not be either valid ueter of three new ICBM rocket systems. Sec rent or reliably safe from pre-emptive Act Amendments. Adoption of the conference ond, they have not only made these sys report on the blll extending the life of the knockout. Thus, a manned bomber "\71th Federal Energy Administration through 1977, tems multiple payload and target capa the :flexibllitles and capabilities of the Rollcall No. 631, yeas, 293, nays, 88. If I had ble, but they are currently MIRV'ing B-1 will be essential. their intermediate misstle systems as been present, I would have noted Nay. Well, what about alternatives :iJl func H.R. 13372, New River Power Project (Pass well. Third, they have aggressively pur tion and misston to the B-1? Simply put, age of the Bill). To prevent the Federal Power sued the development of an intercon the cruise missile will not be ready for Commission license for the construction of tinental manned bomber, the Backfire a hydroelectric power project, by designat deployment under the best of circum and wll1 clearly deploy it. Fourth, they stances until the late 1980"s or early ing a 26.5 mile stretch of the New River 1n are pressing the development of a land North Carolina as part of the Wild and 1990's. Our need to replace the B--52 will Scenic Rivers System. Rollcall No. 632, yeas, mobile ICBM missile system that they exist well before then. Even if the cruise 311, nays, 73. If I had been present, I would intend to be both nuclear and MIRV missile proves to be a more cost-effective have voted Yea. capable. I might add at this point that weapons system, the savings will provide H.R. 14282, Labor-HEW Appropriations, FY a land-mobile system rather efiectively little more than food for a momentarily '77. To appropriate $56,618,207,575 :for the De defeats one of the previously reliable comforting thought if we are trying to partment of Labor and Health, Education & qualities of our own nuclear missile Welfare and other various agencies for fiscal act in the world from a position of strate force, and that circumvents one of the gic inferiority. If the last 50 years are 1977, Rollcall No. 633, yeas, 279, nays, 100. If prime potential effects of the cruise mis I had been present, I would have voted Nay. any indication of the Soviet willingness H.R. 14232, Labor-HEW Appropriations, sile. Fifth, they are aggressively pursu to refrain from exploiting the weakness FY '77. Pritchard motion. Rollcall No. 634, ing the development of a 4,00o-plus-mne of an opponent, only the benighted yeas, 150, nays, 223. If I had been present, submarine-launched missile sy1;tem. This would deliberately opt for making the I would have voted Yea. program is substantially ahead of our United states strategically inferior. S. 3735, Swine Flu Immunization Program own Tri·dent missile system. Now, what about the economics of this Sisk motion to consider the rule (H. Res. I ask you, do these activities and dedi 1473), Rollcall No. 635, yeas, 293, nays, 70. If situation? In terms of our domestic I had been present. I would have voted Yea. cated programs strike you as ones :i na economy, a recent study by Chase Econ S. 3735, Swine flu immunization programs, tion interested in peaceful coexistence ometric Associates, Inc. provides some adoption of the rule (H. Res. 1473), Rollcall and detente and nuclear parity would very revealing insights into the impact No. 637, yeas, 272, nays, '76. If I had been pursue? Can such strategic capability be of the B-1 program. Regarding impact present, I would have voted Yea. for use only if they are attacked first? on the GNP, the study concludes that S. 3735. Swine Flu Immunization Program, Can the Soviet Union be developing and for $17.2 billion spent the GNP will be to pass a national swine flu immunization deploying such a military capability be boosted by $49.1 billion for a multiplier program yet give the Federal government cause of their concern for the Chinese, primary llab111ty for law suits arising :from efiect of 2.85 for the B-1 production pro the program, Rollcall No. 638, yeas, 250, nays, a.s one of my colleagues has blithely sug gram. The report goes on to demonstrate 83. If'! had been present, I would have voted gested? Aside from the facts, common that even if the B-1 funds were returned Yea. sense tells you the answer is clearly to the economy in the form of a tax cut "No." or through welfare transfer, the e1Iect It should be pointed out that the So on the total health of the economy AMERICA NEEDS THE B-1 BOMBER Viets have also been diligently working would be the same except that the latter on killer satellites to destroy our own approaches would not assist the employ , tracking, detection, and surveillance ment or manufacturing sectors in the HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. satellites. They have been developing a same, broader based way. the employ oF cALIFORNIA vastly imp1·oved and expanded sul~face ment factor takes on an added dimen fleet. The recently deployed Kiev air sion when it is realized that for every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES craft carrier, equipped with vertical take aerospace job that is created, five addi Wednesday, August 25, 1976 off and landing, heavily armed attack tional jobs are generated in the economy. Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, I planes, is only one example 0f this ac These jobs in most .cases will last rise to express my complete opposition to tivity. They have been exporting mili throughout the life of the program, or any postponement of the B-1 bomber tary assistance to all corners of the for 10 y~rs. There is not one federally program. world; from Ireland-yes, Ireland-to subsidized employment pr{lgl"8lll that Most 1>f the opponents of this impor Angola, to Ethiopia, to Somalia, to Cuba., can achieve this result. The tax cut or tant defense preparedness program to Asia, and elsewhere. They have also the welfare return would provide be those who are currently advocating its been dir.ect1y jnvolved in political activi- tween 1,000 and 4,000 fewer jobs a year. August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27811 The Chase study also reveals that the He replied with characteristic candor, come only after the application of set B-1 program will: First, generate or because that is what the American peo criteria designed to insure that a grant support an average of 291,000 jobs per ple want. The recognition of a new na or a sale of defense articles will be in year over the next 10 years; second, in tion's right to exist by the most power the national interests of the United crease the after tax disposable income ful Nation in the world helped give an States. I believe that the same holds true by $38 billion; and, third, return $25.6 air of legitimacy and respectability to with other kinds of foreign assistance. billion Federal and State tax revenues, Israel which proved invaluable as the This is why I will keep pressing for with some $6.3 billion being generated new country developed and prospered. separate votes on grant military assist for State and local governments alone. The immediate offer of financial assist ance and military sales credits when fu The B-1 pays its way in our economy ance also helped Israel find her footing ture foreign assistance and appropria while at the same time significantly con in those difiicult times. Many things have tions bills are debated in Congress. I tiibuting to our national security. changed since 1948 but one thing re want the record to show that Congress But, as significant as these economic mains the same-the deep and abiding is following the wishes of the American impacts are, they should not overshadow commitment of the American people to people by sending aid and assistance only the fact that the B-1 is being built to a strong and independent state of Israel to our friends.-to those who also want contribute to and enhance our national The alliance between the United States to live in peace and permit others to do defense and strength. It is this function and Israel has weathered many adversi the same. that is of prime concern to me and it is ties but nevertheless, it has endured and Israel must live and we hold the key this function that will mean the most until several years ago, most of us in to her future. We dare not let her down. for this Nation. and out of government, took it for Recently, the Los Angeles Times pub granted that we would always have a lished an excellent article on the B-1 permanent bond of friendship between program. This paper is not noted for the two countries. Unfortunately, th1s THE BIGGEST CON hasty or sloppy journalism. I would like laissez faire attitude has allowed cracks to quote from two sections of that article: to appear in the relationship that the The United States is certain to lose present and previous administrations HON. LARRY McDONALD equivalence in the early 1980's if we do not have exploited in setting foreign policy OF GEORGIA push on with the existing (B-1) plans while designed by the State Department and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preparing new initiatives 1n both force described by much of the media as Wednesday, August 25, 1976 modernlza.tlon and arms control proposals. "evenhanded." The changing complex The only new systems we can deploy by that ion of international relations has placed Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, we live date are those now underway: not only the 1n a procollectivist, progoverrunent age. B-1 but also the Trident subs and their Israel in an even more vulnerable posi missiles. tion than any time in her history except The Government can get away with vir The B-1 clearly is the best bomber for its for her inception. tually anything if allegedly done in the purposes that can be built now . . . delay With the politics of oil gaining collective interest of the "public," with would assure the Russians' reaching superi strength at every turn, what we took scarcely any media or public voice raised ority in the 1980's. for granted has been left open to attacks in criticism. Yet the same action by an At this reasonable cost-244 planes at $1 on all sides. Mr. Speaker, I do not think individual or private company is attacked billion a year in 1976 dollars, the B-1 has this is what the American people want viciously and denounced as immoral. a far better chance to maintain our capabll For example, if a private company, ity for assured retaliation and flexible op to happen. Tied to Israel by philosophy, tions against improving Soviet air defenses affection, and an identity of interests, whose products the public is free to than the far less capable B-52, which would the United States must maintain and ignore, gives money to officials of a for require an estimated $40 m1lllon per plane, strengthen its bond with Israel. We must eign government, the company is de three-quarters of the cost of the B-1, for insure her independence against en nounced for "bribing" foreign officials. modernization and rebuilding so that it croachment by those countries dedicated Never mind that the foreign government could keep flying for one-half of the life of to her destruction. has a monopoly in its company and that the B-1. the payments amount to a shakedown of For all these reasons, Congress should It is incumbent upon Congress to in decide to get on with B-1 production-not sure that Israel has the financial aid the company. However, when the U.S. because the Air Force pilots want it, not and assistance in addition to the moral Government, whose citizens are forced because it would provide jobs, but because support that is necessary for her con to support its programs through taxes, it is a plane that can do what is required in tinued independence and well-being in gives billions of dollars every year to of time to help meet the mushrooming Soviet the council of nations. With increasing ficials of foreign governments specifically threat and to help provide the essential pressures from this administration, and for the purpose of intluencing decisions strength from which the United States can particularly our State Department, this of their government, well, this is "foreign try to negotiate acceptable arms-control agreements. becomes an even more difficult task. I aid," motivated by the highest of ethical am confident, however, that Congress motives. For the Congress to take any other can and will handle it now and in the This helps explain the enormous si course of action would be sheer folly. future. lence regarding possibly the biggest The B-1 is not an option among many The Congress will have to be ever vig swindle of them all: Inflation. Inflation is comparable, viable alternatives. There ilant to monitor the activities of the a fraud of such huge proportions, that iUI are no reasonable, cost-effective alter other Middle East nations which con very magnitude serves as part of the de natives that give this Nation the stra stantly threaten the very existence of frauder's protection. tegic strength and flexibility that is Israel. This means congressicnal opposi The question of the fraud perpetrated required. tion to huge arms sales and massive by inflation is quite separate from the I urge my colleagues to reject any at grants of aid to those nations which have question of the propriety of the welfare tempt to postpone or stop the production sworn to make war on Israel. This has state infiation is designed to support. If of the B-1. been brought home to me in a very real the welfare state is good and necessary, sense when I, as a Member of Congress, should not Government officials say so cast my vote to support Israel on the and tell the public precisely how much it IN SUPPORT OF ISRAEL foreign assistance authortzation and will cost them? appropriations measures. The following article entitled "The HON. WILLIAM J. HUGHES As long as the United States lives in Biggest Con," which appeared in the OF NEW JERSEY an interdependent world and maintains June 1976 issue of Argosy magazine global interests, it is in the national in gives a good account of the enormity of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES terest to insure that allies and other the Government swindle. Possibly some Wednesday, August 25, 1976 friendly nations have the military capa crusader f{)r morality in Government Mr. HUGHES. Mr. Speaker, when bility to meet intemal subversion and ex will want to pursue this. President Truman recognized the state ternal aggression. Arms transfers can THE BIGGEST CON of Israel as an independent and sov not become an automatic, unregulated (By Irwin A. Schitl') ereign nation in the first hours of its process. Each case must be judged care Money has ceased to exist in the American being, he was asked why he had done so. fully on its own merits. Approval should economy. Mr. Average American literally has 27812 EXTENSIO S OF REMARKS August 25, 1976 no money in the bank, none in the stock serve only as substitutes for money-and as prior to 1945, with the same skills, materials, market, none in his wallet or pocketbook. such are correctly referred to as currency building methods and craftsmanship, it United States pollticians, contrary to the or tokens. However, since the U.S. govern would in all probability sell for well over Constitution and the U.S. criminal code, have ment no longer requires that real money be $60,000-showing a rate of inflation of over conned all citizens out of their money exchanged for money substitutes, Americans 1,100 percent. savings. not only do not have any money, they also Not too long ago, I bought a candy bar for To appreciate the scope of the Big Swindle, do not have any currency-a money substi fifteen cents that had for many years sold it is necessary to understand what "money" tute for which no money will be substituted for only a nickel. "Well," I noted, picking is and what it isn't. Money, like the wheel, can hardly be termed a money substitute. the candy bar from the case, "its price has was one of mankind's most important in The U.S. government and most of the na only increased 200 percent." However, when ventions. Before the development of money, tion's economists and financial "experts" I removed the oversized wrapper, I discov all exchanges were on a barter basis-the have convinced the public that infiation is ered the candy was actually a third its trading of one good directly for another. For an illusive economic force that manages to nickel-priced size. Its price, therefore, had tunately, society discovered that there was propel prices continually upward despite ef soared not 200 percent, but 600 percent. CPI usually one commodity which would be ac forts to contain them. statistics do not reveal price increases of this type. cepted in exchange for all goods and services, There is nothing mysterious about infla and this commondity became money. In most tion; the government could stamp it out I am amazed that no one has asked why societies, the commodities were gold and tomorrow if it really wanted to. After all, the tremendous increases in laborsaving de silver. inflation is conceived by government, nur vices over the last thirty years, the develop When a medieval merchant arrived in a tured by government, perpetuated by gov ment of low-cost synthetic fibers, the refine city for, say, a trade fair, he obviously did ernment. Inflation is government's silent ment of production techniques, and the sub not wish to carry his gold around or leave it partner. Inflation permits government to be stantial increases in capital have not yielded at an inn where he was staying. Consequently stow increased "benefits" on taxpayers with lower prices for goods and services for tbe he sought the local goldsmith who, for a consumer. Since the consumer has not bene out the apparent need for increased taxes. fited price-wise from all thls technology, who modest fee, would store it for him. When a Inflation permits the government to retire merchant placed his gold with the goldsmith, has? The working man? According to the huge debts without being inconvenienced Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of Januax·y 1, he received a receipt as evidence of his claim for honest repayment. Inflation creates an 1975, the average weekly earnings of non to the stored gold. When merchants con illusion of prosperity. Inflation effectively in ducted business they could transfer these agricultural production workers was $154.45. creases tax rates and tax levels without the Adjusting this to the seventeen-cent dollar, paper receipts instead of transferring the need for increasing taXing authority. With we get $25.74 in 1945 wages. The average gold itself. So these warehouse receipts for the graduated income tax, inflation forces gold became "paper money"-more accurate 1945 wage for comparable employees was ap people into higher tax brackets. proximately $42.00. This indicates that pro ly, a "money substitute." The capital gains tax provides dramatic duction workers did not benefit wage-wise It is people's inability to differentiate be evidence of how the government profits from from all this increased technology. The Dow tween money and money substitutes that 1nfiat1on. Let's assume that a house bought Jones Industrial Stock Average has not risen allows them to be continually swindled by in 1940 for $5,000 sells in 1975 for $18,000. as much as infiation has since 1945, so the the government. Historically, this 1s a game Forgetting any other considerations, the gov investor has not benefited from all of this that governments never tire of playing and ernment would claim that the seller had a increased technology either. citizens never catch on to. gain of $13,000 on this sale and would assess The vast benefits that should have come A nation's legitimate paper money supply a capital gains tax accordingly. The fact of to the consumer, the worker, the investor, (currency) is nothing more than warehouse the matter is that the seller had an economic and the saver because of the increases in receipts for gold and silver stored in the na loss, yet he is compelled to pay a "gains technology over the last thirty years were tional treasury, on exactly the same basis as tax." Since prices have increased at least confiscated by the U.S. government through those warehouse receipts first issued by gold 500 percent since 1940, in order for the seller its taxing powers. smiths in the Middle Ages. Initially, the U.S. to receive the same purchasing power from Inflation now benefits the debtor since in issued an honest paper currency called a gold the sale of the house as when he bought lt, flation allows him to pay off his debts With certlftcate. It stated: "This certlftes that there he would have to receive at least $30,000. cheaper money. Since the Federal govern have been deposited in the Treasury of the In fact, he received only $18,000-60 percent ment is the biggest debtor in the nation, it United States of America X dollars in gold of the Initial purchasing power. In thls pursues a monetary policy which will benefit payable to the bearer on demand." Gold cer way, 1nfiation allows the government to ex the debtor class, since even a one percent tificates circulated in the United States until tract unwarranted taxes. increase in infiation permits the government 1934, when the New Deal took away the cit Whenever there's inflation, government is to "wipe out" $50 billion of its debt. Strange izen's right to own gold. spending more than it collects in taxes and/ as it seems, the debtors are not at the The government also issued silver certifi or is increasing the supply of money and middle- or lower-income levels; they are the cates, which were discontinued in 1963. Given credit in relation to the production of goods upper-income classes. It is the lower and the that type of paper currency, those who ran and services. As the quantity of money and middle classes that put their savings in the the U.S. government were discouraged from credit is inflated, prices must rise. So, price bank. It is the upper economic classes that printing unlimited quantities of paper cur increases are not inflationary, they are merely borrow these savings from the bank to ac rency since they had to redeem it with gold the effects of inflation created by govern quire businesses, larger homes and increase or silver. ment. To find out who causes infiation, find their control over industry and natural re In its campaign of currency debasement, out who controls a nation's currency sup sources. the U.S. government gradually sWitched from ply. Since in the United States, as in other So, unlike Robin Hood who stole from the honest paper currency to the dishonest and countries, the government controls the cur rich to give to the poor, the government fraudulent kind it now circulates. Federal rency, it is the government that does the in steals from the middle and lower classes to Reserve notes, the only type of Jmper cur flating by permitting the currency supply give to the rich. rency in circulation today, when first author to grow. The U.S. public debt, larger than the com ized in 1913, stated that they could be re Now let's consider the U.S. Government's bined debt of all other nations in the world, deemed in "gold" at the U.S. Treasury or "in Consumer Price Index. This index purports has now reached astronomical proportions gold or lawful money at any Federal Reserve to measure the degree of inflation by changes and is far greater than Americans realize. Bank." in prices. Since it is the government that is The president's 1976 budget reports the na When the Gold Reserve Act of 1934 made causing the inflation, to expect it to provide tional debt as $538.5 blllion as of June 30, it illegal for Americans to own gold, the gold accurate statistics concerning the degree of 1975, when, in reality, the national debt is clause was removed from Federal Reserve inflation it is causing is like expecting the over $5 trillion or ten times greater than notes. In 1963 the redemption clause on Fed Mafia to furnish accurate statistics on crime. reported. eral Reserve notes was totally destroyed. Now Inflation is far greater than the CPI figures The public does not realize the full extent it says only: "This note is legal tender for all indicate. of the national debt because the govern debts, public and private." In other words, A substantial portion of inflation is hidden ment conceals the extent of its indebted the Fed is under no obligation to redeem its by technological advances and changes in ness by citing only its "funded" or "bonded" paper IOUs. The situation is analogous to a quality. For example; an average non-farm debts, failing to report its "unfunded" and debtor who's under no obligation to honor dwelling prior to 1945 sold for under $5,000. "contingent" liabilities. Unfunded govern his debts. Since all Federal Reserve notes are Today, the price would be in excess of ment liabilities can be understood by con now nonredeemable, they are in effect lOU $37,500. Does that mean that inflation has sidering the situation of a soldier discharged nothings of the Feds. only increased the cost of housing by 650 from the service with a government pension Only gold and silver can Constitutionally percent? No, the rate of infiation is much of $300 a month. The government's financial be regarded as money, while all forms of higher because if today's house were built obligation to pay $300 a month is as great paper money and less than full-bodied coins with the ~arne level of technology as that as if the got·ernment redeemed a $300 govern- - .~ August 25, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27813_ ment bond each month. However, in the case ciple does it operate? The principle · of the contribute toward increasing society•s stand of a veteran's payment, no government bonds chain letter! Wage-earners entering the bot ard of living? Of course not. But that $300 are issued: the government's Uabllity, there tom of the chain send their contributions, million cleaning blll will go toward increas fore, is "unfunded" in contrast to bond re along with others moving up the chain, to ing the gross national product by $300 mil demptions which are reported as part of the those workers who have made it to the top lion, since all money received by all members national debt. The national debt, as officially (those becoming ellglble !or benefits). Is it of society finds its way into the GNP with reported, is only the tip of the iceberg of conceivable that such an endless chain can out any regard for its relative economic what the government has committed the really continue generation after generation? merit. To the extent that society was forced U.S. taxpayer to pay. Look at what is happening. When Social to work to replace the destroyed properties. The concept of the U.S. "national debt," Security was adopted, the maXimum proposed the GNP would be increased by another $2 like so many other terms coined by the U.S. tax was to be 3 percent withheld and 3 per billion-thus this holocaust would have gen government, is a form of Newspeak, the lan cent paid on a ma.ximum salary of $3,000, giv erated a $2.3 billion increase in the GNP and guage described in George Orwell's book, ing a total proposed maximum tax of $180. would have contributed to the appearance 1984---a process by which government distorts In 1975, the maximum tax reached $1,650. of a higher standard of living. the meaning of words as so to confuse and In only thirty-five years. therefore, the max The government inflates and manipulates to tighten its grip on society. The U.S. gov imum tax has soared over 800 percent. At this GNP figures with all manner of wasteful ernment employs Newspeak when it refers rate of increase, those who are now twenty economic activity having no real bearing on to its practice of "borrowing money" to fi five could find the maximum tax at age sixty consumption of goods and the nation's pros nance government deficits. Total government to be $13,000. perity. Expenditures on munitions assign a debts soared from approximately $20 bi111on America's energy crisis not only imperils misleading value to arma.m.ent production. in 1930 to nearly $5 trillion in 1975, an in our standard of living, it threatens the very In an economic sense, all armament produc crease of 25,000 percent in just forty-two independence of our foreign policy by expos tion (with the exception of that produced years. Since the government evidently does ing us to possible blackmail and int1m1dation for export and sold) is a total waste. All the not pay back what it borrows, it does not by oll-producing nations. This crisis can be bombs that were exploded in the Vietnam borrow. How can one go on year a.rter year blamed squarely on the U.S. government War obviously did not increase America's spending more than one earns? Since the which, despite years of advance warn.lngs, standard o! living by one iota. Those Ameri U.s. government does not borrow or exist on did nothing to prevent it. One way in which can resources and productive efforts that charity, it must be steallng. the government helped to create tt was by its were diverted and exploded wastefully in transportation policy. Is the surreptitious taking away of an in the air and on the ground in Vietnam might dividual's purchasing power through the use In 1940 there were about 44,000 locomotives have been directed toward bulldlng up a part of a government printing press any less ef in service in the United States. By 1971. thiS of America, but they weren't. had train fective than when it is done with a gun and dwindled to about 29,000, while In order !or Americans to proceed with a cars a mask? Is counterfeiting less of a ertme passenger shrank from 38,000 in 1940 to program to correct the nation's economic and when practiced by the government than 9,000 in 1971. The u.S. ran system was per social 1lls, it is essential to realize that the when it is carried out by private individuals? mitted to deteriorate because it was in pri United States government is the problem. vate hands, while the Federal government U.S. Government, Inc., is just another big I t hink not. sought to promote those areas of transpor Let's consider another multibillion-dollar American business like General Motors or tation that were in public hands. Efficiency Exxon, only much larger and much less effi fr aud, Social Security. Government ofilcials and comparative national need had nothing over the years have told the American publlc cient. It d11fers from most businesses in that to do with the massive Federal highway it (1) is nonprofit, (2) is largely unregulated that Social Security is an "insurance pro program. gram" employing sound principles of funding by either law or competition, (3) is a monop So because of the construction of thou oly, and (4) can compel us to buy its serv and financing. The public is constantly· re sands of miles of six-lane highways, more minded of the Social Security "trust fund." ices, regardless of how unnecessary, over Americans and American merchandise must priced, and destructive they might be. What constitutes this trust fund? Cash In rely on autos and trucks than on far more a multitude of banks? Corporation stocks and U.S. Government, Inc., cannot be expected efficient and less polluting rail transporta to relinquish Its power and 1nfiuence volun bonds? Not at all. The U.S. Treasury reported tion. Those using the railroads were taxed that, as of June 30, 1973, the Federal Old to tarny, so responsible and patriotic citizens help support three levels of government must organize and force it to cut back. Age Survivors Insurance Trust Fund, the while those who rode the highways were not Trust Federal Disablllty Insurance Fund, and similarly taxed. Had the railroads been able Americans today find themselves before an the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund to operate without this burden of taxation awesome crossroad. One road leads to the collectively owned about $48 bi111on worth of (as are the nationalized railroads of other promised land, the other leads to economic government bonds, held in the "insurance countries) they would have been able to pro and social tragedy of gigantic proportions. trust funds" in order to help "defray" Social vide ran service at far lower rates. It has been The choice is stlll ours. Security liabilities. the government's lavish subsidy to a public Those government bonds are worthless in highway system at the expense of our pri the hands of the government. A bond is not vate rail system that has now made the coun an asset when held by the maker of the bond. try far more dependent on on than it ever For example, suppose you gave someone an needed to be. THE U.S. STANCE IN NORTHEAST ASIA IOU (you, of course, recognize that a bond I! medical schools turned out doctors as is nothing more than a formal IOU). That competent as the economists turned out by individual could treat your IOU as his asset. our universities, America would undoubtedly You, of course, could not write yourself an have the highest death rate of any nation on IOU and treat it as your asset. But this is HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI earth. Take, for Instance, the economists' OF n.LINOIS what the government does when it passes preoccupation with the gross national prod off its bonds as "assets" of government "trust uct (GNP). To Keynesian "economists," an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES funds." Insurance companies do not indis increasing GNP means economic prosperity Wednesday, August 25, 1976 criminately spend their premium income on and economic well-being; a falling GNP projects and then leave their own IOUs means economic stagnation, recession, and a Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, pro (bonds) in the company till. I! they did, they declining standard of llving. vocative statements keep emanating from would be shut down and their officers carted off t o jail. I maintain that all statements suggesting North Korea, and it is obvious that the that a higher gross national product is in All monies collect ed in t he past through Communist dictator, Kim D Sung, is Social Security taxes have already been spent. dicative of an increased national prosperity determined to keep up anti-American. This money was spent not only to meet past are rubbish. Consider the following hypo anti-South Korean activity. Joseph Kraft Social Security obligations, but to fight thetical example: analyzed this situation well in his article, World War II, and the Korean and Viet Suppose a tidal wave demolished the "The U.S. Stance in Northeast Asia," n amese wars. It was used to bribe farmers Florida Gulf Coast from Miami Beach to not to grow food, finanoo Congressional junk Palm Beach. Let's say the cost of cleaning which appeared in the Washington Post ets, support the UN, and pay for landing on up the debris alone came to $300 million. on August 24, 1976. The article follows: the moon. The bonds held by the Social Secu Obviously, the country has been made poorer THE U .S. STANCE IN NORTHEAST ASIA rity t rust funds are reminders of Social Secu by the destruction of $2 blllion of real (By Joseph Kraft) rit y collections that have been spent on other wealth-but is the dollar value of all this The latest incident in North Korea is al projects. destruction subtracted from the gross na most certainly not the opening gambit for Since the Social Security System does not tional product? Of course not. Does the $300 a new round of military violence. On the operat e on a legitimate reserve principle, as m1111on required for cleaning up the mess contrary, the killing of two American ofilcers does insurance, t hen by what funding prln- have a ny real economic value, an d does it seems to be part of a diplomatic campaign. 27814 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 25, 1976 But the episode serves to focus attention They would almost certainly cause Japan, dency. As recent investigations have on a truly tense area where the stakes are South Korea and even mainland China to huge and the degree of control by responsi believe that the United States was aban shown, these abuses can be traced at ble powers increasingly thin. So it suggests doning its position on Asia. So probably the least back to the 1930's and have involved the need for a general review of American best thing this country can do now, especial some of our Nation's most respected policy in Northeast Asia. ly with the prospect of a new administration Presidents. While I am confident that Northeast Asia rivals the Mideast for the coming in, is to set in motion a general re President Ford will not abuse the powers title of No. 1 hot spot in the world. Chinese view of policy in Northeast Asia which will that are his, no one can foretell what and Russian troops are in confrontation along serve, i! nothing else, to cut off dangerous future Presidents may do. the Siberian border. U.S. forces in South one-shot proposals. Korea are in close proxlmlty. Japanese se The Founding Fathers knew that the curity is engaged. Thus the vital interests of liberty of the people was ultimately four great powers are at stake. dependent upon the vigilance exercised The cockpit of the area is the Korean in protecting it. They also understood, peninsula. North Korea is the lunatic fringe A 6-YEAR TERM FOR THE however, that institutional forms play a of the Communist world. Its dictator, Kim PRESIDENT great role in preventing the abuse of n Sung, has been thwarted in his lifelong ambition to take over the whole peninsula. power by Government. Thus, they for His economic plans have gone awry, and he mulated a complicated system of checks has defaulted on debts to Japan and some HON. PAUL FINDLEY and balances to prevent any branch of European creditors. His regime has had to OF ILLINOIS Government from so dominating policy play off Russia against China !or economic making that the rule of law gives way to and mllltary assistance. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arbitrary power. South Korea., in contrast, is thriving eco Wednesday, August 25, 1976 This system has worked well for nomically. Its growth rate is high, and no other Asian country weathered so well the test Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have almost 200 years; we have made changes imposed by the recent oil price increase. Given today introduced a joint resolution to in that system as our perceptions of the a few years of peace, South Korea wlll be amend the Constitution which I hope requirements of our constitutional proc a formidable and prosperous country far will receive favorable consideration by ess have evolved. It is now time to make superior to its rival in the north. But the two-thirds of both this House and the yet another change, one that recognizes government of President Park Chung Hee 1s Senate and eventual ratification by both the necessary growth in the powers highly autocratic, and its authoritarian ac three-fourths of the States. It would of the Presidency and the danger to tions have generated intense criticism in the United States, Japan and many other coun limit the tenure of a President of the liberty posed by that concentration of tries. United States to a single 6-year term. power. Accordingly, the North Koreans have re This proposal, of course, is not a new That change is the adoption of a single peatedly staged incidents designed to play one. It was first introduced as early as 6-year term for the President, who, upon on international sensitivities about the 1826. election, can thereby focus his entire South Korean regime. The aim has been to The question of limiting the tenure of attention and capabilities solely on the weaken support for the United Nations reso the President has been a continuing one problems of the Nation. No longer will lutions authorizing the presence of American a President be tempted to evaluate every troops in the peninsula until the present throughout American history. Indeed, armistice is translated into a general peace the Constitutional Convention itself was policy decision at least partially in terms agreement. ambivalent on both the length of the of its personal political impact. The incident which resulted in the death term of a Chief Executive as well as the A 6-year term would prove a reasona of American ofiicers last week seems to fit question of eligibility for reelection. In ble time for a President to implement his that pattern. It coincided with a meeting in fact, at one point the Convention voted program for the country, and it would Colombo of nonaligned countries which have to establish a 7-year term with no eligi remove the crushing political pressures become increasingly strident in their op bility for reelection. The decision to sub which occur each time an incumbent position to this country and its friends in Asia and Africa. It preceded a meeting of stitute a 4-year term with no limitation President seeks reelection. the United Nations General Assembly where on reelection was one of the last decisions These reelection efiorts are not in the a resolution dissolving the U.N. command 1n of the Convention, agreed to only 2 days national interest for three basic reasons: Korea will be put forward again. before the Convention adjourned. First, an incredible amount of Presiden In these circumstances, a strong American I have no doubt that the Founding tial time and energy go into planning reaction to the North Korean provocation Fathers, who came so close to including and conducting a reelection campaign. makes sense. The North Korean expression a Presidential term of 7 years with no In the complex times in which we live, we of "regrets" suggests that Pyongyang is be do not need a President attempting to ginning to back down. So there is good reason eligibility for reelection, would have to insist that "regrets" be widened into an looked more favorably on the idea had conduct a reelection campaign at the acceptance of "responsibility." they been able to foresee the growth of same time he is presumably running the But it would be improvident to imagine the powers of the Presidency, especially executive branch. Second, the tempta that the U.S. can simply keep hanging tough in the 20th century. tion is always present to tailor admin in Korea. Basic conditions in the area are I support a 6-year term, with no eligi istration policies or appointments to changing. Chinese policy is in suspense, bility for reelection, for many of the meet political demands within a political pending the outcome of the struggle for the same reasons that the Founding Fathers party or within a segment of the elec succession to Mao tse-Tung. The Lockheed torate, even when such policies or ap scandal is rearranging political alignments originally supported limiting Presidential in Japan. In this country, there is increasing tenure. At the Constitutional Conven pointments may not be in the national impatience with the South Korean regime, tion, support for ineligibility was based interest. Third, the danger, much di and a deepening awareness that American on the fear that power would corrupt minished in the post-Watergate era, troops are committed to an area over which and be abused. My support for a single exists that an incumbent President will the country has no control. 6-year term is based on the sad experi seek to illegally mobilize governmental The signs of these feelings are various pro ences of recent administrations in per agencies to aid his reelection efiort. posals for change which have been embraced For these, and perhaps also the addi by a wide section of American opinion, in verting legitimate governmental powers cluding the Democratic candidate Jimmy and using them for personal political tional reason that 6 years is time enough Carter. One such proposal is for with ends. for any person to wield the enormous drawing all American troops from South Indeed, two of the last three Presi powers of the White House, I have come Korea within five years. Another-designed dential elections have been preceded by to believe that the 94th Congress could to bind Peking to Washington before Mao blatant and irresponsible attempts by make a great Bicentennial gift to the dies-is for normalizing relations with main incumbent Presidents to reap personal American people by adopting this reform land China, even if it meant abandoning com which would help insure that a century mitments to Taiwan. advantages from access to governmental The t1·ouble with these one-shot proposals investigatory agencies. Their desire to from now we as a nation will be cele is that they are not connected with a general assure their reelection has overridden brating the Tricentennial of liberty proces.c; of adjustment in Northeas t Asia. the public trust in the office of the Presi- under law.