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Lost Creek Coldwater Conservation Plan

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Lost Creek Coldwater Conservation Plan Lost Creek Coldwater Conservation Plan 2013 Prepared by the Juniata County Conservation District Page | 1 Funding Provided by the Coldwater Heritage Partnership EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Lost Creek is a tributary to the Juniata River originating in the northeastern part of Juniata County, Pennsylvania. The entire stream is 17.5 miles in length, but only the upper portion, from its origin to where it crosses State Route 35 in Oakland Mills, PA is classified as a High Quality Cold Water Fishery (HQ-CWF) by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission (25 Pa. Code § 93.9). PA FBC also considers this section of the stream a naturally reproducing, Class A Wild Trout Stream. The entirety of this section of the watershed is located within Fayette Township. In order to determine if this exceptional resource is continuing to serve Juniata County as a high quality cold water resource, the Juniata County Conservation District (JCCD) set out to validate the stream’s ratings via chemical testing (through both lab-verified and in-house tests), lab verified Macroinvertebrate testing, and stream habitat assessment. Additionally, JCCD sought to identify threats and opportunities within the watershed to ensure future conservation of this nearly pristine natural area. According to lab data and data collected by JCCD staff, the Lost Creek watershed upstream of State Route 35 in Oakland Mills, PA does, in fact, measure up to its designation. Although threatened by agricultural industry, residential development, and logging, Lost Creek offers great recreational opportunities and can certainly be preserved for the enjoyment of many generations to come, as well as for the benefit of the plentiful and somewhat rare natural communities that thrive within its boundaries. The Main Stem of Lost Creek within the Lost Creek Rod and Gun Club Property. Page | 2 BACKGROUND Watershed Description: Much of the upper reaches of the Lost Creek watershed above State Route 35 is forested, especially the headwaters region. Steep gradients have prevented intensive development in the headwaters area. Additionally, a large parcel of land covering approximately 1943 acres in the headwaters region of the watershed is owned by Lost Creek Rod and Gun Club and maintained as a recreational area for members to hunt and fish. The watershed is fragmented by State Route 235, as well as other state and township roadways. A variety of hunting camps and permanent rural residences also pepper the area. Further downstream, several agricultural operations can be found within the watershed boundaries, including poultry, dairy, hog, and cropping operations. Of these, four operations are classified as Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), which are closely monitored by JCCD as well as the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). At the very base of the portion of watershed lies Lost Creek Golf Course. A few commercial business operations are located in the watershed, specifically four pallet shops and one saw mill. Agricultural activities and roadways are impact concerns within the Lost Creek watershed. Page | 3 Lost Creek Golf Course is located at the very tip of the HQ-CWF portion of the Lost Creek Watershed. The Main Stem of Lost Creek flows directly through the golf course green. The studied portion of the Lost Creek Watershed covers approximately 3554 acres, or 6.2 square miles. Lost Creek is situated in the heart of the Ridge and Valley physiographic province. The most prominent soil type is Allenwood (orange on the map), while other soils in the watershed include Andover (pink and red), Hazelton (light blue), Hazelton- Dekalb (brown), Leetonia (turquoise), Ladig and Morrison (oranges), Brinkerton (dark green), Edom (lighter green), and Newark and Watson (yellows). Page | 4 The Lost Creek watershed is largely forested, especially in the headwaters region, as depicted by the large, green segments on the map above. The purple areas on the map signify areas of rural development, while the brown depicts agricultural lands. The few, scattered dark blue segments are industrial areas. Page | 5 History: In 1752, the area that encompasses the Lost Creek watershed and all of Juniata County was opened to Scot-Irish immigrants via a treaty with the Iroquois. German farmers followed and began to clear land. Lumbering became a primary industry in the area. The Lost Creek watershed was likely timbered in its entirety during this time period. After the land was cleared, farming became prevalent. Several distilleries existed in the watershed during this time period; it was the only market for corn and rice. Local farmers were often given a barrel of whiskey in part pay. Juniata County was officially formed from Mifflin County on March 2nd, 1831, and encompasses 394 square miles. Fayette Township, where the watershed was located, was then formed in 1834. At the time of its formation, the Juniata County was home to less than 10,000 people. Historically, the area was important to both trade and travel, as a canal system built alongside the Juniata River was one of the quickest forms of transportation throughout the state. Later, important railways replaced canal travel. Now Route 322, a major PA State Route highway, cuts through the county. Descendants of the original German settlers remain in the region, which is still home significant Mennonite and Amish communities. Farming remains a primary industry, while logging is no longer quite as prevalent. None of the distilleries remain. Juniata County remains sparsely populated; the 2010 census data shows a population of 24,636. An historic photo of Tennis Sawmill, courtesy of Betsy Phillips, originally published in the McAlisterville and Fayette Township Bicentennial Book. Page | 6 Outstanding Natural Features: According to the Juniata County Natural Heritage Inventory, completed in 2007, several areas of exceptional and local significance are located within the headwaters of the Lost Creek watershed. These include the Slim Valley Wetlands (exceptionally significant), the Lost Creek Headwaters Pool and the Lick Run Headwaters Pool (locally significant). The Slim Valley Wetlands are a series of natural pools, including ephemeral/fluctuating natural pools, which are communities which have a vulnerable status in Pennsylvania, and therefore are of serious conservation priority. Additionally, plant spotted pondweed (Potamogeton pulcher), which is ranked as critically imperiled in Pennsylvania, and the plant twinning screw-stem (Bartonia paniculata), which is a Pennsylvania vulnerable species. Logging and roadwork, if performed without an adequate buffer, threaten this site. Another concern would be fragmentation of the wetlands area. A natural pool within the Slim Valley Wetlands in the early springtime. Page | 7 The Lost Creek and Lick Run Headwaters Pools are separately contained within small topographic saddles in the headwaters of Lost Creek and Lick Run, respectively. The large, isolated pools are surrounded by blackgum forest (Nyssa sylvatica) with a mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) understory in the case of Lick Run, and dry oak – heath community with chestnut oak (Quercus montana) dominating the overstory and a thick layer of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia) being the understory in the case of the Lost Creek pool. Both pools are in good condition. Logging is the primary threat to theses pools, and a large, no-cut buffer should be established around each area. Additionally, the surrounding area should maintain an intact forest canopy to minimize habitat fragmentation issues to maintain habitat for the species that occur there. Two Pennsylvania Natural Diversity Inventory (PNDI)’s were conducted for the project area; one for the upper portion of the watershed and one for the lower watershed segment. A pair of Mallard Ducks visits an ephemeral pool in the Lost Creek watershed. Page | 8 Neither PNDI indicated that conservation and restoration projects might cause any adverse impacts upon any endangered species or species of special concern that occupy the area. These reports, valid two years from the date they were procured, will be on file with the Juniata County Conservation District. MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT Throughout 2013, Juniata County Conservation District conducted both chemical and macroinvertebrate samples on 8 sites within the Lost Creek Watershed, which were then verified by PA DEP certified laboratories. JCCD also collected data with in-house equipment to compare to the lab-verified data. The goal of this monitoring project was to determine whether or not Lost Creek continues to meet its High Quality designation. Eight sites within the Lost Creek watershed were sampled for this project. Seven of the sites were selected just for this project, while the eighth is a site where JCCD has historically collected chemical data. In the map shown on the following page, sites LC CWH 1-7 are the unique sampling sites, while the site LC 1 is the site where historic data has been collected. The historic site may also be referred to as LC-SC (standing for Lost Creek Saddle Club, the name of the sampling location) later in this text. Chemical monitoring was conducted with a Hach Colorimeter, a pH/TSD/Conductivity multimeter, and a Dissolved Oxygen sensor owned by JCCD. Lab samples were verified by Fairway Laboratories in Altoona, Pennsylvania after being collected by JCCD personnel. In order for a stream to be rated as an HQ-CWF (High Quality Cold Water Fishery), which is the designation of the studied portion of Lost Creek, the DO (Dissolved Oxygen) should be above 7 mg/l, the Nitrate should be below 10mg/l, the pH should be between 6.0 and 9.0, Phosphorus should be between .1mg/l and 1.0 mg/l, and Conductivity should be between 20 and 60 micromhos. TDS should not be more than 750mg/l at any given time, and the temperature should range between 3 and 19 degrees Celsius. The maximum Fecal Coliform should be less than 2000. Macroinvertebrate monitoring was conducted by JCCD staff following DEP established Instream Comprehensive Evaluation (ICE) surveying methods.
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