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A •ilas a 0 A • 0 0 a a III Ilk a a a - • - - . Soo á Natural Environment Research, Council Dr. P.S. Maitland Institute of Terrestrial Ecology A Coded Checklist of Animals occurring in Fresh Water in the British Isles. First published 1977 Institute of Terrestrial Ecology c /o Nature Conservancy Council 12 Hope Terrace EDINBURGH EH9 2AS 031 447 (Edinburgh) 4784 The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) was estab- from natural or man-made change. The results of this lished in 1973, from the former Nature Conservancy's research are available to thoseresponsible for the research stations and staff, joined later by the Institute protection, management and wise use of our natural of Tree Biology and the Culture Centre of Algae and resources. Protozoa. ITE contributes to and draws upon the collective knowledge of the fourteen sister institutes Nearly half of ITE's work is research commissioned by which make up the Natural Environment Research customers, such as the Nature Conservancy Council Council, spanning all the envrionmental sciences. who require information for wildlife conservation, the Forestry Commission and the Department of the The Institute studies the factors determining the Environment. The remainder is fundamental research structure, composition and processes of land and supported by NERC. freshwater systems, and of individual plant and animal species. It is developing a sounder scientific basis for ITE's expertise is widely used by international organisa- predicting and modelling environmental trends arising tions in overseas projects and programmes of research. 2 Introduction The purpose of this publication is to provide a The format of the check list itself is quite simple comprehensive list of all free-living animals, from and the numbers meaningful taxonomically. The first sponges to mammals but excluding Protozoa, which pair of digits represents the major groupings - usually occur in, or in association with, freshwater systems in phyla, classes or orders. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th pairs of the British Isles. It is organised in such a way that each digits represent families (occasionally subfamilies), species can be represented by a unique 8-digit code, genera and species (with authorities) respectively. The thus establishing a standard and relatively easy basis for numbering of the check list follow's a logical sequence handling species lists, etc. numerically. This check list, and space is available for the addition of new species. containing over 3,800 species has been produced in The present list has a number of advantages in parallel to a coded list of all lakes in Great Britain shown addition to the obvious one of being able to represent on 1: 250,000 maps (ca 5,600 lakes) recently completed any species by only 8 digits. The great majority of lists of by Smith (1976). The two studies, together with other animals from freshwater habitats in this country are proposed projects (eg. coded lists of algae, macro- incomplete as far as identification is concerned and phytes and rivers) provide the basis of a powerful tool many groups (e.g. Chironomidae) are rarely identified for handling and analysing data on freshwater eco- beyond family. The present system is completely systems in this country. flexible in such situations for while a full identification of Chlorohydra viridissima (Pallas) is coded 02010201 if As far as the actual species listed are concerned it identification is taken no further than the family has been necessary to make a nanber of judgement (Hydridae) the coding is 02010000. Thus any form of decisions regarding those to be included or excluded. In taxonomic list of animals can be coded relatively easily. general, where a recent taxonomic key or check-list to freshwater species in the British Isles is available for any The increasing numbers of studies of aquatic group then this has been followed more or less exactly. animals being carried out by freshwater ecologists in Where there is doubt about the validity of records of a many parts of the country, especially by those working species it has normally been included in the list to avoid in the fields of water supply, pollution prevention, possible insertion at a later daie. Thus the presence in fisheries and conservation, mean that acceptance of a the list of any particular species should not be taken as common check list, particularly a coded one, is an assurance that it occurs in the British Isles. As far as becoming more and more desirable. It is suggested that habitat is concerned similar decisions have been made the present list is extensive and versatile enough to where there is doubt as to whether any species is meet the needs of almost all freshwater ecologists in the aquatic or terrestrial, freshwater or marine. Thus parallel British Isles. check lists of terrestrial or marine animals will be likely In addition to relying heavily on the published to contain some of the animals listed here. literature, the author has been helped greatly in the production of this list by general criticism or comments It is intended that this list will be useful to those 'on various groups from the following people: A. Brindle, freshwater ecologists throughout the country who are J.C. Chubb, R.A. Crowson, J.T. Dealtry, J.M. Elliot, G. concerned with sampling, identifying and analysing Fryer, D.C. Geddes, P.S. Gooch, R. Gibson, J. Green, mixed collections of animals. Thus it is closely linked J.D. Hamilton, D.J. Hooper, J.P.K. Horkan, J.N.R. with the taxonomic keys in greatest use. Some Jeffers, D. Jenkins, R. Jones, C.R. Kennedy, E.D. Le problems have arisen, however, related to keys which Cren, R.J. Lincoln, T.T. Macan, R.M. Pontin, S. do not have an accompanying check list or where new Prudhoe, O.W. Richards, G.S. Scott, M.W. Service, species have been discovered since publication. In these K.G.V. Smith, W.J.P. Smyly, S.M. Stone, D.W. cases compromises have been reached based on the Sutcliffe, and J.O. Young. The coding was carried out best literature and advice available. The main published by Dr C.F. Mason. Mrs. J. Garcia, Miss M. MacDonald sources of information used for each group are and Mrs S. Adair helped greatly with the initial indicated in Table 1: this also includes data on the preparation of the list and Mrs M.S. Wilson had the number of species and the location of groups within the unenviable job of typing it. I am grateful to everyone for list. their help. 3 Table 1. The major groups of animals included in the coded check list, with total numbers of species and major references. 4 * All members of these groups are internal parasites and not covered in this list. 5 Table 2. The families of Diptera included in the coded check list, with total number of species and major references. INSECTA TOTAL SPECIES PAGE REFERENCES 40 DIPTERA 01 Tipulidae 117 48 13,64 02 Psychodidae 61 50 32,64 03 Ptychopteridae 7 51 31,64 04 Dixidae 14 52 24 05 t haoboridae 6 52 33,64,95 06 Culicidae 33 52 64,78 07 Thaumaleidae 3 52 26,64 08 Ceratopogonidae 153 52 12,64 09 Chironomidae 450 55 14,64 15 Simuliidae 35 63 22 16 Stratiomyidae 27 63 64,107 17 Empididae 48 64 17,103 18 Dolichopodidae 59 64 84,104 19 Rhagionidae 1 65 56,64 20 Tabanidae 12 65 56,64,83 21 Syrphidae 26 66 15,105 22 Ephydridae 32 66 5,20 23 Sciomyzidae 43 67 85,106 24 Scatophagidae 4 67 16,64,108 25 Muscidae 7 68 21,48 6 Coded Check List 01 PORIFERA DEMOSPONGIAE Spongillidae Spongilla lacustris(L) Eunapius fragilis (Leidy) Ephydatia fluviatilis (L.) mulleri (Leiberkubn) Heteromeyenia baileyi (Bowerbank) stepanowii ( Dybowsky) Anheteromeyenia ryderi (Potts) Trochospongilla horrida Weltner 02 COELENTERATA HYDROZOA Hydridae Hydra attenuata Pallas circumcincta Schulze oligactis (Pallas) graysoni Maxwell Chlorohydra viridissima (Pallas) Protohydra leuckarti Greef Clavidae Cordylophora lacustris Allman Olindiidae Craspedacusta sowerbll Lankester 03 PLATYHELMINTHES TURBELLARIA: MICROTURBELLAR IA Catenulidae Catenula lemnae Duges Stenostomidae Rhynchoscolex simplez Leidy Stenostomum leucops ( Duges) unicolor Schmidt blyophilum Luther grabbskogense Luther Microstomidae Microstomum lineare (Muller) Macrostomidae Macrostomum rostratum (Papi) distinguendum (Papi) johni Young Prorhynchidae Prorhynchus stagnalis Schultze Geocentrophora sphyrocephala Man baltica (Kennel) Plagiostomidae Plagiostomum lemani (Plessis) Bothrioplanidae Bothrioplana semperi Braun Otomesostomidae Otomesostoma auditivum (Plessis) Dalyellidae Microdalyellia fairchildi (Graff) schmidtii (Graff) kupelwieseri (Meisner) brevimana (Beklemischev) Gieysztoria diadema (Hofsten) infundibuliformis Fuhrmann rubra (Fuhrmann) Castrella truncata (Abilgaard) Dalyellia viridis (Shaw) Typhloplanidae Typhloplana viridata (Abildgaard) Castrada luteola Hofsten armata (Fuhrmann) Ian ceolaBraun neocomensis Volz viridis Volz 7 Tetracelis marmorosa (Muller) 03 10 03 01 Strongylostoma radiatum (Muller) 03 10 04 01 elongaturn Hofsten 03 10 04 02 Olisthanella obtusa (Schultze) 03 10 05 01 Rhynchornesostorna rostratum (Muller) 03 10 06 01 Mesostoma lingua (Abildgaard) 03 10 07 01 productum (Schmidt) 03 10 07 02 tetragonum (Muller) 03 10 07 03 ehrenbergll (Focke) 03 10 07 04 Bothrornesostorna personatum (Schmidt) 03 10 08 01 Phaenocora unipunctata (Orsted) 03 10 09 01 typhlops (Vejdovsky) 03 10 09 02 Opistomum pallidum Schmidt 03 10 10 01 Polycystididae Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg 03 11 01 01 Opisthocystis goettei (Bresslau) 03 11 02 01 TURBELLARIA: TRICLADIDA Planariidae Planaria torva (Muller) 03 12 01 01 Polycelis nigra (muller) 03 12 02 01 tenuis (Ijima)
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  • Journal of Cave and Karst Studies

    Journal of Cave and Karst Studies

    June 2020 Volume 82, Number 2 JOURNAL OF ISSN 1090-6924 A Publication of the National CAVE AND KARST Speleological Society STUDIES DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, EDUCATION, EXPLORATION, AND CONSERVATION Published By BOARD OF EDITORS The National Speleological Society Anthropology George Crothers http://caves.org/pub/journal University of Kentucky Lexington, KY Office [email protected] 6001 Pulaski Pike NW Huntsville, AL 35810 USA Conservation-Life Sciences Julian J. Lewis & Salisa L. Lewis Tel:256-852-1300 Lewis & Associates, LLC. [email protected] Borden, IN [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Earth Sciences Benjamin Schwartz Malcolm S. Field Texas State University National Center of Environmental San Marcos, TX Assessment (8623P) [email protected] Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Leslie A. North 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, KY Washington, DC 20460-0001 [email protected] 703-347-8601 Voice 703-347-8692 Fax [email protected] Mario Parise University Aldo Moro Production Editor Bari, Italy [email protected] Scott A. Engel Knoxville, TN Carol Wicks 225-281-3914 Louisiana State University [email protected] Baton Rouge, LA [email protected] Exploration Paul Burger National Park Service Eagle River, Alaska [email protected] Microbiology Kathleen H. Lavoie State University of New York Plattsburgh, NY [email protected] Paleontology Greg McDonald National Park Service Fort Collins, CO The Journal of Cave and Karst Studies , ISSN 1090-6924, CPM [email protected] Number #40065056, is a multi-disciplinary, refereed journal pub- lished four times a year by the National Speleological Society.
  • Thalassic Rotifers from the United States: Descriptions of Two New Species and Notes on the Effect of Salinity and Ecosystem on Biodiversity

    Thalassic Rotifers from the United States: Descriptions of Two New Species and Notes on the Effect of Salinity and Ecosystem on Biodiversity

    diversity Article Thalassic Rotifers from the United States: Descriptions of Two New Species and Notes on the Effect of Salinity and Ecosystem on Biodiversity Francesca Leasi 1,* and Willem H. De Smet 2 1 Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA 2 Department of Biology. ECOBE, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] http://zoobank.org:pub:7679CE0E-11E8-4518-B132-7D23F08AC8FA Received: 26 November 2019; Accepted: 7 January 2020; Published: 13 January 2020 Abstract: This study shows the results of a rotifer faunistic survey in thalassic waters from 26 sites located in northeastern U.S. states and one in California. A total of 44 taxa belonging to 21 genera and 14 families were identified, in addition to a group of unidentifiable bdelloids. Of the fully identified species, 17 are the first thalassic records for the U.S., including Encentrum melonei sp. nov. and Synchaeta grossa sp. nov., which are new to science, and Colurella unicauda Eriksen, 1968, which is new to the Nearctic region. Moreover, a refined description of Encentrum rousseleti (Lie-Pettersen, 1905) is presented. During the survey, we characterized samples by different salinity values and ecosystems and compared species composition across communities to test for possible ecological correlations. Results indicate that both salinities and ecosystems are a significant predictor of rotifer diversity, supporting that biodiversity estimates of small species provide fundamental information for biomonitoring. Finally, we provide a comprehensive review of the diversity and distribution of thalassic rotifers in the United States.