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Arachnologische Mitteilungen

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Arachnologische Mitteilungen 5 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; Arachnol.Mitt. 37: 1-8 Nürnbergjuli 2009 Neue Nachweise der Gerandeten Wasserspinne Dolomedes plantarius in Brandenburg (Araneae: Pisauridae) DanMo Harms, Jason A. Dunlop & Karin Schütt Abstract: New records of the great raft spider Dolomedes plantarius in Brandenburg (Araneae: Pisauridae). The great raft spider, Dolomedes plantarius (Clerck, 1757), is a rare and endangered species in Germany and other European countries. Current data on its distribution and ecology are briefly reviewed. Five new (or overlooked) localities for this spider from the Spreewald-region of Brandenburg in eastern Germany are provided, together with an updated distribution map. One record, based on the authors' own collections, is described and figured in detail, with the egg-carrying female discovered in reeds at the edge of a fairly large body of open water. Both direct and indirect protective measures for the habitats of this species in the Spreewald-region are recommended. Key words: distribution, Germany, red list Die Jagdspinnengattung Dolomedes (Araneae: aus evolutionsbiologischer Sicht natürlich auch Pisauridae) ist in Deutschland mit nur zwei Arten um eine Jagdspinne (Pisauridae) handelt und der vertreten (RENNER 1987, HEIMER & NENTWIG Trivialname „Wasserspinne“ ausschließlich Bezug 1991). Während die Gerandete Jagdspinne Dolo- auf die Ökologie von D. plantarius nimmt. medes fimbriatus (Clerck, 1757) in Mitteleuropa Aufgrund ihres seltenen Auftretens wird D. plan- weit verbreitet und gebietsweise recht häufig ist, tarius in der Roten Liste der gefährdeten Tierarten wurde die sehr ähnliche Art Dolomedes plantarius Deutschlands momentan in der Kategorie 1 „vom (Clerck, 1757) bisher nur wenige Male gefunden Aussterben bedroht“ geführt (PLATEN et al. 1998). und gilt in Deutschland als selten (z.B. Bell- Die lUCN (International Union for Conservation MANN 2001, Staudt 2008). Die Online-Karten of Nature) weist der Art den Gefährdungsstatus der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft enthält für die “vulnerable“ zu, was der deutschen Gefährdungska- Bundesrepublik bisher lediglich 15 Nachweise. tegorie 3 (= gefährdet) gleichkommt. Zusätzlich ist Fast die Hälfte dieser Nachweise (7 Einträge, sie in den Roten Listen der meisten europäischen Stand: Ende 2008) liegt zudem schon sehr lange Staaten ihres Verbreitungsgebietes verzeichnet. In zurück und stammt aus dem Zeitraum vor 1900 Großbritannien wurde sogar eigens für die Art (Staudt 2008). In den letzten Jahren hat sich im ein mehrstufiger Rettungsplan entworfen (SMITH Internet und in den Roten Listen der einzelnen 2007). Länder der Trivialname „Gerandete Wasserspinne“ für D. plar^tarius durchgesetzt, wohingegen für D. Europäische Verbreitung fimbriatus der ältere Name „Gerandete Jagdspinne“ Dolomedes plantarius ist mit Ausnahme des genutzt wird. Wir schlagen vor, diese Trivialnamen Mittelmeerraumes gesamteuropäisch verbreitet beizubehalten, wenngleich es sich bei D. plantarius und kommt vom Südwesten Frankreichs, über Mitteleuropa, bis nach Estland und Lettland im Danilo HARMS, Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Nordosten (DUEFEY 1995, KiTT &NÄHRIG 2002) Chemie & Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, D-14195 Berlin. und im Osten bis zum Ural vor (MIKHAILOV E-mail; [email protected] Neue Adresse: Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western 1997). Im Norden reicht ihr Verbreitungsgebiet Australian Museum, Locked Bag Welshpool DC, Western 49, bis nach Südfinnland und Schweden, zudem exis- Australia 6986, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] tieren Nachweise aus Südostengland und Südwales Dr. Jason A. DUNLOP, Dr. Karin SCHÜTT, Museum für Naturkunde, (Kirby 1990, Smith 2000, Harvey et al. 2002). Leibniz-lnstitut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an Im Süden reicht die Verbreitung der Art bis ins der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-101 1 Berlin, E-mail: [email protected] Rhone-Delta Frankreichs (Le PERU 2007), und es existieren neuere Nachweise aus der Schweiz (NeeT eingereicht: 4.9.2008, akzeptiert: 23.3.2009 &DELARZE 1992) © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; 2 0. Harms, J. A. Dunlop & K. Schütt Dolomedesplantarius scheint jedoch nicht weiter Im Osten Deutschlands stammten die bisher in den südeuropäischen Raum vorzudringen. In aktuellsten Nachweise aus Sachsen-Anhalt aus dem Spanien wurde die Art bisher nicht gefunden und Biosphärenreservat Mittelelbe bei Magdeburg und Nachweise aus Italien stammen ausschließlich aus Coswig und aus einer Bergbaufolgelandschaft bei dem Norden des Landes (RENNER 1987, DUEEEY Gräfenhainichen (UNRUH 2008). Dort wurden 1995). In der Balkanregion wurde D. plantarius zwischen 2006 und 2007 insgesamt 16 Tiere an vier bisher nicht nachgewiesen. Im südöstlichen Mittel- verschiedenen Fundorten gesammelt. Zudem gibt europa gibt es Nachweise aus Tschechien, der Slo- es einen einzelnen Nachweis aus Sachsen (GrAUL wakei und Ungarn (GAJDOS et al. 1999, BUCHAR 1969). In Brandenburg wurde die Art vereinzelt de RÜZICKA 2002, SAMU de SZINETÄR 1999). In gefunden. Aus anderen Bundesländern liegen keine Dänemark galt die Art als ausgestorben, wurde aber Meldungen vor. kürzlich im Moor Ellemosen bei Helsinge wieder Die aktuelle Verbreitungskarte der Arachnolo- entdeckt (Scharff unpubl.). gischen Gesellschaft (Abb. 1) weist die Mehrzahl Zusammenfassend lässt sich feststellen, dass der hier aufgeführten Nachweise auf und erlaubt D. plantarius in Europa weit verbreitet ist, jedoch eine zeitliche Einordnung der Funde. Einige neuere im gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet selten gefunden Nachweise (z.B. die Funde aus Niedersachsen oder wurde. Dabei ist die Gerandete Wasserspinne im Hamburg) konnten hier jedoch noch nicht berück- gesamten Verbreitungsraum weniger häufig als die sichtigt werden, da keine exakten geografischen bekanntere Schwesterart D.ßmbriatus (HELSDIN- Koordinaten vorliegen. GEN 1994). Eine Ausnahme bilden die Nieder- lande, wo D. plantarius gebietsweise recht häufig Situation im Nordosten Deutschlands vorkommt (HelSDINGEN 1994). Eine Karte zur Im Nordosten Deutschlands wurde D. plantarius Verbreitung der Art in Europa (ohne Osteuropa) bisher nur zweimal sicher nachgewiesen. Der erste ist im Internet verfügbar (http://www.wavcott.org. Beleg wurde in der Müritzgegend der Mecklen- uk/dolomedes/Distribution.html). burger Seenplatte erbracht (MARTIN 1983). Der zweite und zugleich jüngste Fund stammt aus dem Verbreitung und Gefährdungssituation in Brandenburger Naturschutzgebiet „Kremmener Deutschland Luch“ im Nordwesten von Berlin, in dem die Art Aktuelle Nachweise der seltenen Art konzentrieren im Jahr 1996 gesammelt wurde (PLATEN et al. 1999: sich auf die Bundesländer Mecklenburg-Vorpom- 51). Dolomedes plantarius wird folglich auch in der mern, Brandenburg, Sachsen-Anhalt (jeweils Roten Liste der Spinnentiere Brandenburgs in der Gefährdungskategorie 1), Niedersachsen und Kategorie 1 geführt (PLATEN et al. 1999). Hamburg. Zudem existieren Nachweise aus Ba- In der vorliegenden Veröffentlichung nennen den-Württemberg (Gefährdungskategorie 2) und wir einige weitere Funde der Art aus Brandenburg. aus Rheinland-Pfalz, wo die Art kürzlich erstmals Dabei haben wir sowohl die durch uns gesammelten nachgewiesen wurde (KiTT & NäHRIG 2002). In und bestimmten Tiere, als auch die bisher nicht Bayern gilt die Art als ausgestorben, da der einzige publizierten Funde anderer Sammler berücksich- historische Fund von L. Koch schon mehr als 100 tigt. Die Neufunde stammen ausschließlich aus Jahre zurück liegt (RENNER 1987). In Nordrhein- der Spreewaldregion im Südosten von Berlin. Vier Westfalen galt die Art ebenfalls als ausgestorben, der fünf Nachweise sind dabei aus dem Landkreis da sie dort zuletzt durch WiEHLE (1948) belegt Dahme-Spreewald, lediglich einer aus dem be- wurde. Durch einen Zufallsfund im NSG Schnep- nachbarten Landkreis Oder-Spree. Die hier ver- fenberg konnte D. plantarius im März 2007 erneut öffentlichten spezifischen Fundorte sind alle neu nachgewiesen werden (Kreuels in litt.). Eine an- und belegen erstmals ein weitläufiges Vorkommen schließende extensive Nachsuche in ausgedehnten der Art im Spreewald. Moorkomplexen erbrachte zuletzt zwei weitere Zusätzlich möchten wir aufzwei weitere histori- Nachweise der Art in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Eine sche Funde hinweisen, die bisher wenig Beachtung ausführliche Publikation zu den neuen Nachweisen erfahren haben. Es handelt sich hierbei um ein ein- in diesem Bundesland befindet sich momentan in zelnes Weibchen, welches im Jahr 1956 ebenfalls im Vorbereitung (Kreuels in Vorb.). Landkreis Dahme- Spreewald (Lübben) gesammelt wurde und im Zuge einer umfangreichen Nach- © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; Dolomedesplantarius in Brandenburg 3 bestimmung der Sammlung von Dolomedes sp. im Museum fiir Na- turkunde Berlin von uns erneut angesprochen werden konnte. Wir weisen daraufhin, dass dieses adulte Weibchen bereits in der Materialliste der im Jahr 1987 erschienenen Dolomedes-^tVision von Renner (1987) aufgeführt wurde. Dieser Nachweis ist bisher offenbar übersehen worden und war bisher weder in den Roten Listen Brandenburgs noch in den Nachweiskarten der Arachnolo- gischen Gesellschaft aufgeführt. Gleiches gilt für einen weiteren Nachweis aus demselben Gebiet, der in einem zusammenfassenden Buch über den Naturraum Spree verzeichnet ist (SACHER 2002). Insgesamt weisen hier publi- zierten Nachweise, die teilweise über 50 Jahre auseinander liegen und aus verschiedenen
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