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Determinants of Under-Fivechild Malnutritionin Arsi

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Determinants of Under-Fivechild Malnutritionin Arsi ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DETERMINANTS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILD MALNUTRITION IN ARSI NEGELE WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE OF OROMIA MA THESIS SUBMMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY ALEMAYEHU ERENA JUNE 6, 2016 ADAMA ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DETERMINANTS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILD MALNUTRITION IN ARSI NEGELE WOREDA, WEST ARSI ZONE OF OROMIA MA THESIS SUBMMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT BY ALEMAYEHU ERENA ADVISOR DR MESSAY MULUGETA Thesis Submitted to the School of Humanities and Law of Adama Science and Technology University in a partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree on Masters of Art in Population and Socio Economic Development Planning June 6, 2016 Adama i SIGNATURE PAGE Submitted by _______________________ ___________________ ______________ Name of Student Signature Date Approved by: ______________________ ____________________ _______________ Advisor Signature Date ______________________ ____________________ _______________ Examiner Signature Date ______________________ ____________________ _______________ Examiner Signature Date ______________________ ____________________ _______________ DGC chairman Signature Date ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS PAGES TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... iii Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................ viii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Research Questions........................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Significance of the study ................................................................................................ 4 1.6 Scope and limitations of the study.................................................................................. 4 1.7 Data quality control procedures ..................................................................................... 5 1.8 Ethical Considerations ................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER TWO................................................................................................................. 6 RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................. 6 2.1 Theoretical Literature .................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Food, Nutrition and Food Security ........................................................................ 6 2.1.2 Malnutrition, its Causes and Vulnerability ............................................................ 7 2.1.3 Manifestation of Malnutrition ............................................................................... 8 2.2 Empirical Literature .................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................. 10 2.3.1 Immediate Causes ............................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Underlying Causes .............................................................................................. 12 2.3.3 Basic Determinants ............................................................................................. 13 2.4 Literature gap .............................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................................................... 14 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AREA AND THE RESEARCH METHOD ............... 14 3.1 Description of the study area ........................................................................................ 14 3.1.1 Location and Biophysical setups ......................................................................... 14 3.1.2 Demographic profile ........................................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Socioeconomic setups ......................................................................................... 15 3.2 Methods and Materials................................................................................................. 17 iii 3.2.1 Study design ....................................................................................................... 17 3.2.2 Study population ................................................................................................. 17 3.2.3 Sources and types of data .................................................................................... 17 3.2.4 Tools of data collection ....................................................................................... 18 3.2.5 Study variables ................................................................................................... 19 3.2.6 Sample size determination and sampling techniques ........................................... 19 3.2.7 Method of Data Analysis..................................................................................... 21 3.2.8 Regression .......................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................. 24 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................................................ 24 4.1 Demographic and parental characteristics .................................................................... 24 4.2 Socio economic characteristics .................................................................................... 25 4.3 Maternal and child health related characteristics .......................................................... 26 4.4 Nutritional status and its determinants ......................................................................... 29 CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................... 34 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 34 5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 34 5.2 Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 36 References ......................................................................................................................... 38 Annexes ............................................................................................................................ 41 iv Acronyms ANWHO: Arsi Negele Woreda Health Office CHD: Child Health Day DPPC: Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Commission DPPO: Disaster Prevention and Preparedness Office ECSA: Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency EDHS: Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization FGD: Focus Group Discussion IFPRI: International Food Policy Research Institute IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development KII: Key Informant Interview MDG: Millennium Development Goal MUAC: Middle Upper Arm Circumference NCHS: National Center for Health Statistic NGO: Non-Governmental Organization NNP: National Nutrition Program PEM: Protein Energy Malnutrition UMR: Under-five Mortality Rate UN: United Nations UNCPE: United Nations Country Program Ethiopia UNICEF: United Nations Children Fund UNWFP: United Nations World Food Program VCHW: Volunteer Community Health Worker WHO: World Health Organization v List of Tables Table Name Page 1: Proportion of sample allocated to each cluster......................................................... 21 2: Classification of malnutrition for weight-for-height, height-for-age, and weight-for-age based on Z-score. ............................................................................ 22 3: Demographic and parent related characteristics of the sample respondents. ............. 25 4: Socioeconomic characteristics of the sample respondents. .....................................
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