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Pseudofumaria Alba – Ověřený Nebo Nový Druh Pro Českou Republiku?

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Pseudofumaria Alba – Ověřený Nebo Nový Druh Pro Českou Republiku? Zprávy Èes. Bot. Spoleè., Praha, 42: 211–219, 2007 211 Pseudofumariaalba –ovìøenýnebonovýdruhpro Èeskourepubliku? Pseudofumariaalba –aspeciesconfirmedornewtotheCzech Republic? JiøíKolbek 1),JiøíSádlo 1) &JiøíHadinec 2) 1) BotanickýústavAVÈR,Zámek1,25243Prùhonice;e-mail:[email protected], [email protected] 2) HerbáøovésbírkyUniverzityKarlovy,Benátská2,12801Praha2;e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Seven localities of the rare chasmophytic alien Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén (syn. Corydalis ochro- leuca Koch, C. alba (Mill.) Mansf., Capnoides albida (DC.) Bernh.) were found in Central and South Bo- hemia. A first comprehensive report on the occurrence of the species in the Czech Republic, its habitat demands and phytosociology is presented. The earlier rather uncertain information on this species in the Czech Republic (presented without location and herbarium specimens) are thus attested. Remarks to the identificationofthespecieshavebeenadded. Keywords: Fumariaceae,newspecies,plantcommunities,taxonomy,wallvegetation Nomenklatura:Moravecetal.(1995),Neuhäuslová&Kolbek(1982) VýskytdruhuvÈeskérepublice Chocholaèka bílá (Pseudofumaria alba (Mill.) Lidén, syn. Corydalis ochroleuca Koch, C. alba (Mill.) Mansf., Capnoides albida (DC.) Bernh.) je neofyt dosti podobný pøíbuz- né chocholaèce luté (Pseudofumaria lutea (L.) Med., syn. Corydalis lutea (L.) DC. in Lam. &DC.). DruhneníuvedenvKvìtenìÈR(Smejkal1988) aniv Klíèi ke kvìtenì ÈR (Kubát 2002). Jediný dosavadní údaj o jeho pøítomnosti v Èesku (Pyšek et al. 2002) je zaloen na èásti dat, která zde publikujeme ve vìtší šíøi. Byly zjištìny tyto lokality, kde druh zplanìl: 1. Nový Bydov 14a. Bydovská pánev, 5758d, Nový Bydov: areál místního fotbalového høištì, menší trs planì u zdi (30. IV.1985leg. L.Drahokoupil,PRC,ut Corydalis cf. lutea;rev.Hadinec2007). 212 Kolbek, Sádlo & Hadinec: Pseudofumaria alba v ÈR 2. Jindøichùv Hradec 67. Èeskomoravská vrchovina, 6856c, Jindøichùv Hradec: pilíø bývalých hradeb na Nábøeí, blízko køiovatkysRybnièníulicí(1994not. J.Kolbek;1996not. J.Kolbek&J.Sádlo). První ovìøenou populaci nìkolika desítek exempláøù nalezl první z autorù pøi studiu vege- tace na staré kamenné zdi s pøímìsí cihel. Porost byl v dobì nálezu druhovì velice chudý, s nízkou pokryvností, prostý mechorostù, lišejníkù i døevin, jak ukazuje následující fyto- cenologickýsnímek: 2 13.7.1994(114/94),JV,85°,8m ,E1 =20%,E0 chybí. E1: Pseudofumariaalba 2, Aspleniumruta-muraria 1, Convolvulusarvensis +. Lokalita byla opakovanì navštívena prvními dvìma autory v r. 1996. Celková pokryvnost spoleèenstva se nezmìnila, došlo však k nárùstu pokryvnosti u Convolvulus arvensis. V té dobì èítala populace chocholaèky ca 50 kusù. V porostu bylo pøítomno 7 velkých jedincù; nejvìtší z nich mìl rozmìry ca 30 × 40 cm. Rostliny se vyskytovaly ve štìrbinách zdi, ale i pøi její bázi bylo nalezeno nìkolik desítek mladších jedincù spolu s Convolvulus arvensis, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia, Stellaria media, Veronica chamaedrys, Poa compressa, Ru- mexacetosa.Stavporostunazdiukazujesnímek: 2 19.6.1996(15/96),12m ,E1 =20%,E0 chybí. E1: Pseudofumariaalba 2, Convolvulusarvensis 2, Aspleniumruta-muraria 1. Na nedaleké (nìkolik desítek metrù) zdi pøi rohu s Rybnièní ulicí Pseudofumaria alba nale- zena nebyla, nacházelo se tu ale asi 20 exempláøù P. lutea. Ani na dalších lokalitách vegeta- ce zdí ve mìstì nebyla chocholaèka bílá nalezena; vyskytovalo se zde ale spoleèenstvo s dominantními Cymbalaria muralis (Cymbalarietum muralis) a Pseudofumaria lutea (Co- rydalidetum luteae, viz tab. 1). Je zajímavé, e se Pseudofumaria alba ani po letech (posled- ní ovìøení v r. 2003) na jiné lokality v okolí nerozšíøila, pøestoe její populace je vitální a tvoøí semena. Snad je to zpùsobeno tím, e další vhodná stanovištì (zdi) jsou dosti vzdálena. 3. Ronov nad Doubravou 65. Kutnohorská pahorkatina, 6159a, Ronov nad Doubravou: terasová zeï pøedzahrádky rodinného domku vseverníèástiobce(1996not. J.Sádlo). Ve štìrbinách zdi z kamenù tmelených maltou rostlo jen nìkolik jedincù, a sice spolu s pøí- buznouchocholaèkoulutou,jakukazujesnímek: 2 5.8.1996(260/96),SZ,90°,15m ,E1 =25%,E0 chybí. E1: Pseudofumaria alba 1, P. lutea 2, Galium album +, Sedum spurium +, Urtica dioica +, Fallopia convol- vulus r, Fragaria × magna Thuill.r, Lamiumalbum r, Poapalustris r, Taraxacum sect.Ruderalia r. Zprávy Èes. Bot. Spoleè., Praha, 42: 211–219, 2007 213 Tab.1.–Spoleèenstvazdís Cymbalariamuralis a Pseudofumarialutea vJindøichovìHradci. Tab. 1. – Wall communities with Cymbalaria muralis and Pseudofumaria lutea in the town of Jindøichùv Hradec. èíslosnímku/numberofrelevé 1 2 3 4 5 expozice/exposition JV/SE JV/SE SV/NE JZ/SW JZ/SW sklon/slope(°) 75 75 90 90 90 plocha/area(m2) 12 9 40 40 18 pokryvnostE1 /coverofherblayer(%) 15 25 30 20 25 pokryvnostE0 /coverofmosslayer(%) 0 15 1 0 0 E1 –herblayer D–A/Ass. Cymbalariamuralis 2 2 3 2 2 Pseudofumarialutea (L.)Med. 2 D–S,Ø,T/All.,Ord.,Cl. Poacompressa . r . 1 2 Aspleniumruta-muraria . r + Geraniumrobertianum . r . Chelidoniummajus . + Prùvodnídruhy/Accompanyingspecies Artemisiavulgaris + r 1 r 1 Poanemoralis 2 1 1 . Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia + . + . 1 Hypericumperforatum r r . Solidagocanadensis + . 1 E0 –mosslayer Tortularuralis . 2 + . Ostatnídruhyvjednomsnímku/Otherspeciesoccurringinonerelevéonly: Corylus avellana 3: r; Fraxinus excelsior 1: r; Hieracium lachenalii 2: r; Leontodon autumnalis 5: r; Sedum album 1:+; S.reflexum 5:+; Urticadioica 2:+. Lokalitysnímkù/Locationofrelevés: Jindøichùv Hradec, 13. 7. 1994 – 1, 2: kamenné tarasy nad potokem, 3–5: kamenné hradby mìstského opevnìní. V pøípadì P. alba a P. lutea je moné, e populace vznikly zplanìním ze zahrádky navazu- jícínazeï,alenelzevylouèitaninìkdejšípøímouvýsadbuèivýsevnazeï. 4. Praha 9-Satalice 10a. Jenštejnská tabule, 5853c, Praha 9-Satalice: zazemnìná naváka stavebního odpadu na patì zdi na dvoøesokolovny(2001–2007not. J.Sádlo). Dlouhodobì se udrující populace s promìnlivým poètem jedincù (ca 10–30 trsù) je vá- zána na stinný osyp antropogenního suového materiálu na patì zdi v proluce budov. 214 Kolbek, Sádlo & Hadinec: Pseudofumaria alba v ÈR Nìkolik rostlin koøení v nejniších spárách cihlové zdi. Substrát je humózní, kyprý, ka- menitý, vápnitý od zbytkù omítky a malty. Jeho povrch je sypký, s èastými erozními a mechanickými disturbancemi rùzného rozsahu, co patrnì proti jiným druhùm zvýhod- òuje pøi uchycení semenáèky P. alba, schopné rychle a hluboko zakoøenit a pøípadnì dlouhodobì rùst s obnaenými koøeny. Tyto vlastnosti odpovídají adaptaci druhu na po- hyblivé sutì, které jsou jeho hlavním biotopem v pùvodním areálu. Skladbu porostu uka- zuje snímek: 2 10.10.2004(28/04),S,40°,7m ,E1 =65%,E0 =2%(neurèeno). E1: Pseudofumaria alba 2, Aegopodium podagraria 2, Urtica dioica 2, Galeobdolon argentatum 1, Artemi- siavulgaris +, Lactucaserriola +, Lapsanacommunis r, Poatrivialis r. 5. Praha 2-Nové Mìsto 10b. Praská kotlina, 5952b, Praha 2-Nové Mìsto: Karlovo námìstí 40, zahrada v boèním traktu Fausto- va domu a okraje nepouívaného hlavního schodištì a spáry zdí pøilehlého kostela Sv. Jana Nepo- muckého na Skalce (2003–2007 not. J. Sádlo, J. Osbornová & M. Král; 10. X. 2004 leg. J. Štìpánek, PRC; X. 2004 leg. J. Hadinec, PRC). Zdrojem výskytu druhu je zahrada u kostela. Tento prostor má pronajatý Klub skalnièká- øù, který tu v minulosti vysadil mnoho druhù okrasných rostlin. Zplanìní mohlo mít více pøíèin: (a) zámìrná výsadba nebo výsev mateøské populace, (b) ujavší se zbytek neproda- ných a pohozených rostlin z prodejních výstav, (c) bezdìèný výsev ze semen plodících rostlin prodávaných zde v pøedchozích letech. V prvním roce zde toti rostla jediná rostli- nanazastínìnémmístìpøímopodprodejnímipulty. Pozdìji se odsud druh rozšíøil na blízké schodištì kostela, kde byla v roce 2004 zjištìna bohatì kvetoucí populace o nìkolika desítkách trsù. V roce 2005 trsy zmizely (likvidace rostlin nebo úèinek zimy) a zùstalo jen nìkolik málo sterilních jedincù, z nich se populace postupnì zotavuje, take v roce 2007 bylo na schodišti opìt zjištìno mnoství vitálních kve- toucích trsù. 6 . P ø í b r a m 35c. Pøíbramské Podbrdsko, 6350a, Pøíbram: terasová zeï pøedzahrádky rodinného domku vedle vjezdu do mìstskénemocnice(1995not. J.Kolbek). Údaj není zcela jistý, protoe rostlina byla sterilní a dodateènì ji nebyla dohledána. Sta- novištní pomìry i pravdìpodobný pùvod populace se blíí situaci v Ronovì nad Doubravou.Skladbuporostuukazujesnímek: 2 28.7.1995(12/95),JV,85°,8m ,E1 =5%,E0 chybí. E1: Pseudofumaria cf. alba +, Chelidonium majus 1, Lamium album +, Galinsoga parviflora +, Poa com- pressa +, Saginaprocumbens +, Convolvulusarvensis r, Oxaliscorniculata r, Sonchusarvensis r. Zprávy Èes. Bot. Spoleè., Praha, 42: 211–219, 2007 215 Obr.1.–Tvarailnatinaterminálníchlístkù:a– Pseudofumariaalba;b– Pseudofumarialutea. Fig. 1. – Shape and nervature in terminal leaf segments of: a – Pseudofumaria alba; b – Pseudofumaria lutea. 7 . D v o r c e 67. Èeskomoravská vrchovina, 6658b, Dvorce (severnì Kostelce u Jihlavy), terasová zeï pøedzahrádky ro- dinnéhodomkunajinímkonciobce(1997not. J.Sádlo). Ve zdi z ulových kvádrù tmelených maltou rostlo ca 25 rostlin od semenáèù po statné bohatì kvetoucí jedince. Druh sem byl patrnì vysazen a udruje se samovýsevem. Dalších ca 15 je- dincù rostlo (asi po spontánním pøenosu semen) na navazující rumištní ploše, a to na podezdív- ce plotu bývalé zahrádky a na opìrné zídce silnice. Skladbu porostu na zdi ukazuje snímek: 2 25.4.2007(4/07),V,90°,10m ,E1 =20%,E0 chybí. E1: Pseudofumaria alba 2, Calamagrostis epigeios +, Dicentra spectabilis +, Ulmus glabra
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