News, Vol. 19, No. 8

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Alternative title Zimbabwe News Author/Creator Zimbabwe African National Union Publisher Zimbabwe African National Union (, Zimbabwe) Date 1988-08-00 Resource type Magazines (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Zimbabwe, South Coverage (temporal) 1988 Source Northwestern University Libraries, L968.91005 Z711 v.19 Rights By kind permission of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front. Description Editorial: 1. 2. Comment. Letters. Department of External Affairs — ZANU (PF). Rebury Fallen Heroes. North Reburial Exercise — Embryo Stage. History of the Heroes Acre. Views on Reburial Exercise — Manicaland. Reburial Exercise in . The Heroes Acre and Reburials — Midlands. Nhamodzenyika Heroes Acre— Midlands. Reburial of Fallen Heroes — East. Heroes Acre in Mashonaland West . Reburial of Former Combatants — Mashonaland Central. John Nkomo on Reburial Exercise. Experience of an Ex-combatant. Gutu Political Crisis Resolved. Political Organisation Progresses in Matabeleland North. Success in Catering. Farmers urged to join New Party. Takuranei Co-op — A Source of Inspiration. Why no empty bags. Co-op Struggles to Sustain Itself. Sheer Determination Rewards the Six. He chose to lead the Youth. A decent means to earn a living. Increase Management Skills training for Youth Projects. For the first time in Matabeleland South, Youth prepare Mass Game Display for the Heroes Day. "We do not envisage a free South Africa of Armless people." Text of Principles for a Peaceful Settlement in South-Western Africa. Facts on

http://www.aluka.org Romania. Obituary: Sheila Hove. Poetry. Format extent 40 page(s) (length/size)

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CONTENTS E d ito ria l 1 ...... 2 Editorial 2 2 C o m m e n t ...... 2 Letters . 3 Department of External Affairs - ZANU (PF) ...... 3 Provinces Rebury Fallen Heroes Matabeleland North Reburial Exercise - E m b ryo S tag e 4...... 4 History of the G wanda Heroes Acre ...... /...... 4 Views on Reburial Exercise - Manicaland ...... 5 R eburial E xercise in M asvingo ...... 8 The Shurugwi Heroes Acre and Reburials - Midlands ...... 10 Nhamodzenyika Heroes Acre -- M id la n d s ...... 1 1 Reburial of Fallen Heroes - Mashonaland East ...... 12 Heroes Acre in Mashonaland West Province ...... 14 Reburial of Former Combatants - Mashonaland Central 14 John Nkom o on Reburial Exercise ...... 15 Experience of an Ex-combatant ...... 16 G utu Political C risis R esolved ...... 1...... 17 Political Organisation Progresses in M a ta b e le la n d N o rth ...... 17 S u cc e ss in C a te rin g ...... 18 Provinces Rebury Fallen Heroes - pages F 4Farmers urged to join New Party 19 Takuranei Co-op - A Source of Inspiration ...... 21 Why no empty bags ...... 21 Bindura Co-op Struggles to Sustain Itself ...... 22 He Chose to Lead the Youth Sheer Determination Rewards the Six ...... 22 Comrade Chuma is a former freedom He chose to lead the Youth ...... 23 fighter who left in 1967 when he went to Zambia from where he was A decent means to earn a living ...... 26 captured by the Special Branch of the Increase Management Skills training for Youth Projects . 27 Smith Regime. He was jailed for 18 years for being a "terrorist". He served For the first time in Matabeleland South, Youth 12 years and was released during the prepare Mass Game Display for the Lancaster House Talks.. .page 23 Heroes Day ...... 28 ...... 28 "We do not envisage a free South Africa of A rm le s s p e o p le " ...... 2 9 Facts on Romania Text of Principles for a Peaceful Settlement in Romania's National Day is the 23rd of South-W estern Africa ...... 30 August. 44 years after the victory of the Facts on R om ania ...... 30 workers revolution, Romania has gone Obituary: Sheila Hove . 32 through 'radical changes at all levels...page 30 Poetry ...... 32 Zimbabwe News is the official News Organ of the Zimbabwe African National O Union [ZANU (PF)] and is produced on the authority of the Central Committee, by the Department of Information and Publicity, Jongwe Printing and Publishing Co., No. 14 Austin Road, Workington, Harare. World Copyright, Central Committee [ZANU (PF)]. Editorial Council: Cde. N.M. Shamuyarira; Cde. S.S. Mumbengegwi; Cde. C. Ndhlovu; Cde. J. Zvobgo; Cde. K. Batsirayi; Cde. M. Munyati. ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988

EDITORIAL 1. Let us be more vigilant as we remember Once again it is time for our nation to pose in remembrance of the tens of thousands of our people who lost their lives to free this country from colonial rule. This year's Heroes' remembrance occasion occurs in a radically changed constitutional and political milieu. Some of the burdensome aspects of the Lancaster House Constitution have been shaken off, and unity has been forged between ZANU (PF) and PF-ZAPU heralding the dawn of a new era of strengthened nationhood, peace, brotherhood and general consolidation of our independence. These achievements are a clear indication of the spirit and dedication within our nation to ensure that the ideals for which our heroes died are fully realised. The advent of greater unity and security within our borders, however, has caught ourenemies flat-footed. This new environment has severely weakened and even discouraged them, but we must maintain our vigilance. Regrettably, apartheid ruled South Africa remains more than ever determined to export instability to, if not to overthrow, democratically ruled independent African States that share borders with it. 1987 saw an upswing in the destabilisation and aggressive activities of this beleaguered regime. Unable to contain the struggle for democracy and non-racialism within its borders, the regime has made recourse to dirty tactics of invasions, raids, bombings, clandestine operations and, worst of all, aiding and abetting puppet organisations such as RENAMO bandits whose activities create and instil a sense of insecurity and pandamonium within our borders. Over the past twelve months a number of raids by RENAMO across our eastern borders resulted in a number of innocent civilians losing their lives. Many other victims of these raids were mutilated, assaulted, abducted or robbed. Given this threat, let us give our security forces maximum support to ensure that these RENAMO traitors are caught and punished. The morale of our Defence Forces is very high and at this time of remembrance we salute the efforts of all the men and women in uniform. Turning to the re-burial exercise of our fallen heroes which has been taking place in all provinces, our party commends those who have been participating in these noble efforts. It is our hope that before too long all comrades who fell during the liberation struggle who are known to be still lying in shallow graves will be re- buried at designated places. Long Live our Fallen Heroes! Comment The 11 th and 12th of August 1988, will see Zimbabweans Commemorating the Heroes of our national liberation war for the ninth time since the attainment of independence. However, this is a long established tradition of ZANU (PF) which has since its inception recognised the role of all its fallen fighters and thus set aside days to mark the death of these heroes. Yesterday, observations of Heroes days were held in military training and refugee camps in Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola, Ethiopia and in the liberated and semi-liberated zones in Zimbabwe, under very difficult war conditions. Today, the ceremony is held in a free and independent Zimbabwe with the main function being conducted at the sacred Heroes Acre in Ha- rare under conditions of peace, bar the South African regime's terrorist activities. Thus, whilst we are physically marching forward without the fallen heroes, we must bear in mind that we are walking along the road of our fallen heroes, the road of the all conquering Leninist teaching. We must bear in mind our commitment to Marxism and Leninism under the guidance of our leader, Comrade Robert Gabriel Mugabe. Never to teriate from our avowed principle of constructively applying the laws of socialist construction but taking into full account our local conditions and of the international situation. An undeniable reaffirmation of this truth is the fact that under the guidance of ZANU (PF), the people of Zimbabwe accomplished in eight years, what it took other peoples and countries under different conditions, a much longer time. Thus, as we observe Heroes Days let us remember that we as the heirs of the indomitable revolutionary spirit of those fine sons and daughters of Zimbabwe who offered the highest sacrifice for us to be free must energetically work for the realisation of the resolutions adopted during the Second Party Congress whose objectives are to make the whole socio-poitical field people-oriented, transform the sphere of material production in the interest of the masses, and promoting science and technology, education and culture in line with our socialist philosophy. We therefore, call upon every Zimbabwean to make it a must that he or shetakes part in the Heroes Days' programmes so we can rededicated ourselves to the noble principles that our fallen heroes stood for. 711IRARWF 2. Information work reviewed he annual seminar for Provincial Secretaries of Information and Publicity which was held in Kadoma this year revealed certain important aspects of the work of officers of our Departments. We want to draw the attention of our readers to two of them. Firstly, the Provincial and District Secretaries should be the ears and eyes of the Party, wherever they may be working or organising. Where they see or find irregularities and where they encounter corrupt practices by government officials, teachers, orderlies, businessmen, traders, transporters, insurance agents, personnel managers, marketing officers of various products and others, they should immediately inform the Party through the usual channels. If the usual channels do not respond or correct the offence or irregularity, appropriate steps should then be taken to expose the issue to the public through the mass media. This is precisely what happened in Mashonaland East Province. Unscrupulous but registered grain buyers who were exploiting poor peasants by requiring them to put 143 kilograms of maize, instead of 93 kilograms, were exposed in the daily press. When the reporters went to the grain depot, the following day, they found that the scales had now been corrected, prices pinned on the wall, and the proper prices being quoted. Secondly, the Provincial and District Secretaries for Information and Publicity must be the most informed Party officials, everywhere. They should have full knowledge of what is happening on all fronts so that they may decide what to publish and how. The mass media as a whole is a sharp weapon, that should be used with wisdom and discretion to build the nation. If the District and Provincial Secretaries are ill-informed and illiterate they will not be able to use the weapon of the mass media effectively. Therefore in the pending elections and selections of new branch, district and provincial officials, the Party should ensure that the posts of Information and Publicity Secretaries are filled by men and women who are wellinformed and highly literate. The level of our information work and political education must be raised significantly in the new circumstances that we have created. A major step forward will be taken in 1989 with the inauguration of a popular Sunday newspaper. This weekly paper will take the message of the Party to the four corners of Zimbabwe and to every village, homestead, township and suburb. It will also take it to every work-place. The policies and programmes of the Party will be explained fully by persons who know our direction and our thrust. The enemies of our nation-building effort will be thoroughly exposed, whether they are within or without. The pronouncements of our leaders will be published and explained to our members and to general readers. The Provincial Secretaries at Kadoma welcomed the decision by the Central Committee to launch a weekly newspaper in 1989. 8

LETTERS The Editor I write to advise the youth to link theory and practice. Theory without practice is pointless. Practice without theory is blind. One without the other is unworkable. So link the two. There is unity between theory and practice. This is a social and scientific principle. During this current transitional period to socialist construction in Zimbabwe, there is a revolutionary call for the prompt solution of the complex problems relating to political, economic and social management theory. This call must be continued by workers in general and the youth in particular. It must be the youth to continue the call, the reason being to pave the way for practical activities to ensure a strictly scientific approach to the management of the country's economy and cultural decolonization of our society. Broad and well-organized theoretical work is a beacon illuminating the road to socialism. Practice is the active work of peo- le in transforming nature and society. The asis of practice is social labour which involves material production. The Zimbabwean young generation must know that material and not spiritual production is the starting point and the basis of knowledge. Theoretical knowledge which should be linked to practical knowledge is achieved at a higher level as an objective necessity. In order for our youth to be free from the feudal mentality and capitalist influences, theory and practice must be instrumental. Truely revolutionary youth employs theory and practice. This enables building the new type of political and economic relations that is new production relations in Zimbabwe and the national cultural decolonization. If we co-operate nationally and close the doors to neo-colonialism, through the use of theory and practice, we will be able to play a developmental role as a revolutionary and progressive Youth in Africa. By Comrade T. Chitata Department of External Affairs ZANU (PF) The Policy The policy of the department of External Affairs is to: (i) establish and maintain cordial relations on a party to party level, with all socialist and democratic parties throughout the world. (ii) Execute the Party's pan-African and Foreign policies. (iii) Be the Party's spokesman on panAfrican and Foreign Affairs. Programme In its day to day programme the department of External Affairs meets foreign ambassadors. The most common subject of discussion with these ambassadors has been to exchange delegations - i.e. ZANU (PF) sending delegations to the country concerned or receiving the delegation in Zimbabwe. Other meetings have also included preparations for signing Party to Party Agreements of Co-operation. The department has received scholarship offers from friendly ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988 countries. These have always been referred to the Scholarship Committee. The department has been engaged in a programme of organising holidays to friendly countries for Members of the Central Committee. This has given our Central Committee members an opportunity to exchange views and ideas with their Socialist counterparts while on holiday. This function should be carried on by the Department of Welfare and Transport. The department is engaged in writing briefs and reports on Socialist countries. These are intended to help members of our Central Committee who wish to have some knowledge about socialist countries especially when they are visiting them. Visits We received visits from the following Party delegations:- The United Polish Workers Party, the Sandinista Liberation Front, the League of the Communist of Yugoslavia, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the People's Republic of China, the Arab Baath Socialist Party of Iraq, from the Czechoslovakian Communist Party, from Soviet Peace Committee, the MPLA Worker's Party of Angola and from the Afro Asian Solidarity Committee. We sent delegations to:- Moscow to attend the May Day Celebrations and the Great October Revolution, to Bulgaria to attend the 10th Jubilee of the Fatherland Front and also. 15th Congress of the Dimitrov Youth Comsomol League, to Tanzania for the Chama Cha Mapinduzi celebrations, to the DPRK to attend a De- Nuclearisation Seminar, to China, to Yugoslavia to attend a seminar on Socialism in the World. We expect visits to and from:- The Party hosted Mr. Neil Kinnock - Leader of the British Labour Party from 13-18 July 1988. We are also expecting a delegation from the

MPLA Worker's Party of Angola and also from the Czechoslovakian Communist Party. The Party will be represented in a seminar on socialism in the World in Yugoslavia in October. Addevenents and Failures The department has succeeded in establishing friendly relations with a number of progressive parties. This is witnessed by the number of agreements of co- operation that the Party has established. Co-operation agreements have been signed with the United Polish Workers Party, the Sandinista Liberation Front, the League of the Communists of Yugoslavia, the Workers' Party of the MPLA, Ethiopian Worker's Party, the Communist Party of Hungary, the Socialist Unity Party of Germany, the FRELIMO Party of Mozambique and the Communist Party of Soviet Union. Through thee agrements of co-operation the Party has been able to send a number of delegations to the friendly countries to attend congresses, conferences and seminars. Previously, our acceptance of invitations to attend the activities of other Parties were constrained by lack qf funds to pay the air fares but, later on, we have been able to send delegations at the expense of those inviting us. The problem we have faced in this aspect is that most members of the Central Committee who represent the Party at these functions never submit reports to the department on what would have taken place. In the past there has been difficulty in coordination between the department and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Co-ordination is even more urgently required in the manner in which Party visits are organised and administered. Meetings between visiting Party deleations and ZANU (PF) officials also need to be better planned and properly organised, so that the Party may reap maximum benefits from the numerous delegations visiting, our country. The department is curently being restuc- tured with the establishment of the Ministry of Political Affairs. The Deputy Minister of Political Affairs (External Affairs) works with the Secretary of External Affairs. There will be a Director of External Affairs who should have an office at Party Headquarters and will take much of the burden off the Secretary of External Affairs' shoulders. The Director will be assisted by staff members who are being recruited. The new structure will help to implement the programmes of the department much better. The department's sub-committee on External Affairs which was established by the Central Committee has not been able to meet on a single occasion due to members of the Committee having other commitments. This committee would have provided for the coordination of our activities with the Secretaries of External Affairs of the Youth and Women's Leagues. However, working in the department has been most satisfying and has provided an added dimension to our understanding of other Parties' function. 0 Provinces Rebury Matabeleland North Reburial Exercise - Embryo Stage inee the Reburial Exercise was initiated countrywide, the Provincial Governor of Matabeleland North Province, Comrade J.F. Mudenda has pursued the issue with vigor but has in the process experienced a lot of problems in attempting to implement the programme. The initial problem that affected the implementation of the Heroes Acre and Reburni Exercise programme was the attitude adopted by PF-ZAPU whose position was not clear. They were not keen and forthcoming in so far as the establishment of District and Provincial Heroes Acres and the Reburial Exercise of former combatants was concerned. An appeal to the public to come forward withindications of shallow graves has been hesitantly accepted but so far it has not yielded positive results. However, following the Unity Pact, the Governor's continued discuson indicates dhat there is now agSeral acepmce and willingness to participate in all matters and in this partclr p . Conrade Mudenda made a public statement on Independence Cilebrations eve concerning the Heroes Acre and Reburial Exercise. He indicated the need to have to come up with possible sites before the Heroes day holiday in 1988. The indications were that Local Authorities in Matabeleland North, who were suspended last year, would have T here is a Heroes Acre in Gwanda, the Provincial capital of Matabeleland South. The District Administrator, Cqmrade Amon Bhebhe said that Gwanda Heroes Acre was established in 1986 in response to the call by the government to rebury the re- Fallen Heroes been reconstituted. Substantive discussions have been going on among officials at Provincial Development Committee and District Development Committee levels but unfortunately it has not been possible to dis, cuss and make substantive conclusions because of the absence of a fully-fledged Provincial Council. This item is at the top of the agenda of the next provincial Council Meeting which is likely to be fully reconstituted by the beginning of August, 1988, following the reestablishment of District Councils in Matabeleland North through the electoral process. However, what can be said is tha the reburial exercises in Matabeleland North is at its embryo stage. 0 mains of the fallen heroes. T! of Matabeleland South, Con Dube spearheaded the establis] local Heroes Acre and t Exercise. A provincial Committee det, should be reburied at the Her ZJlABA= History of the Gwanda Heroes Acr

Provinces Rebury Fallen Heroes The Sub-Committee This committee has seven members representing the District Office, Rural Council, police, army, Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture, the Party and the local business community. The District Administrator is the Chairman of the sub- committee for the reburial exercise in . Functions The functions of the District Sub-Committee range from politicising the people on the importance of the reburial exercise and the Heroes Acre to that of making preparations for the annual commemoration of the Heroes day and raise the money to develop Gwanda Heroes Acre. Comrade A. Bhebhe, in his capacity as District Administrator responsible also for the reburial activities said: "So far the other five in Matabeleland South have managed to raise $200,99." Besides co-ordinating fundraising activities, the sub-committee ensures that the elderly people take part in the exhurning of the remains of the ex- combatants. It is part of the African culture not to trans- gress tradition. Soldiers carry coffins. The local chiefs play a role in observing traditional ethics at the actual reburial. Usually military style reburials with gun salutes take place. Five unknown heroes were buried at Gwanda Heroes Acre. 1986 witnessed the reburial of two, all in one grave while last year the remains of three were laid to rest in a single grave. So there are two graves at the Gwanda Heroes Acre now. The digging of the graves and the fencing of the Heroes Acre was done by the DDF personnel and Youth Brigade volunteers. While the local business community contributed monetarily for the reburial exercise, the religious community (the church) offered 4religious ceremonies at the actual reburial. Future Plans Provided funds are forthcoming, the Gwanda local authorities are planning to develop their Heroes Acre by building a platform, District Administrator of Gwanda, Com- planting trees and flowers to beautify the rafd Amon Ehobhe area. - Views on Reburial Exercise Manicaland The Provincial Governor, Comrade J.T.N. Dhufe ind Acting Headmen, Chlea monnded the rebulas L ike in all the , many people in have respect for the current exercise to decently rebury the bones and skeletal remains of the ex-freedom fighters who perished during the national war of liberation - Chimurenga lI. While this is so, a few people are of the view that it is taboo to exhume the remains of a dead person. "A lot of local people support the reburial of the remains of the fallen excombatants," said a Senior Administrative Officer Comrade C.G.t. Magadza on behalf of the Provincial Governor of Manicaland, Comrade J.T.N. Dhube. He added that: "Today's exercise is fantastic. It is good to see many local people, particularly the Youth organised by the ruling Party - ZANU (PF), come out to help in the clearing of the sites of the District Heroes Acres which total seven and are found at places such as Nyanga, Chimanimani, , , , Mutasa and Makoni. The total fallen heroes reburied at these areas is 184." The idea of reburial was initiated in 1981 by Comrade Magadza at a time when he was the Acting District Administrator of Mutae District. Comrade Magadza said that the information that there were some exposed human remains in the Coffee Valley was relayed / ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988

Provinces Rebury to the Provincial Governor. Comrade E. Tekere, the then Provincial Chairman of Manicaland Province and the Police Commissioner were also informed. By 1985, a letter concerning the above matter was sent to the Governor. As a result, a Provincial Reburial Committee, composed of the Army, the Police, CIO, the Party and the Chairman of the Council, was set up in the same year to look into the issue of organising a decent reburial of the comrades who died heroically in the war. The Committee and Functions A Fund Raising Committee was set up. The functions delegated to it included fundraising activities and making the local people aware of what the Reburial Committee Was trying to do. A delegation sent down to the Coffee Valley discovered a lot more of human remains. Deep scars on the trees around the site and empty catridges of the Rhodesian FN guns discovered at the scene bear testimony that a serious ambush might have been laid by the Rhodesian forces and as a result many of our comrades were killed. This is a reasonable inference to draw from the surrounding circumstances. Comrade Magadza who is now based in Mutate City while employed by the Ministry of Local Government, went on to say that "Only the Police and the Army men exhume the remains of the dead ex-fighters because there is a statutory prohibition for any person to do so." This was in response to the question of who was actually responsible for the digging and reburial of the bones of the fallen heroes. Bazeley Area In Mutare District the exhumed remains are buried at Bazeley Bridge, an area on the Border about 50 kilometres South of Mutare. The Mutare Council and the local Chiefs, Marange and Zimunya agreed in principle that Bazeley should be the sacred site for the Mutare Heroes Acre. The Mutare District Council actually provided the funds for preparing the construction of the Bazeley Heroes Acre. It also donated the fencing material for the five-Acre Heroes Site while on the other hand the local Watte Company donated four coffins. The local authorities intend to raise more money through organizing discos. The money would be used to develop the local Heroes Acre. Cllmankmmi District Heroes Acre - Momberm of Zimbabwe Natonal A Ing the Hero. In the grave are two youth brigade members who are h A Different View Initially, a few people in Manicaland and particularly the people on the Coffee Valley Farm did not want to give information about the remains of the fallen heroes. Chief Zimunya was of.the view that it is taboo to exhume the remains of a dead person. He suggested the building of little shrines at the site(s) where fallen heroes lie in peace. Comrade X, an ex-combatant who refused to be named said; "Why should we disturb the remains and spirits of our dear comrades who have heroically rested in peace? Moreover, every so-called Provincial or District Heroes Acre, except of course the National Heroes Acre in Harare, takes away money that could be used to create employment and to build decent housing for the living but maimed excombatants and those still unemployed. Right now, I am unemployed 8 years after we attained our Independence." This sentiment is shared by varioi ein Matabeleland North and Soul asvingo. They argue that the term "I is losing its content if many people an sidered heroes. It is like the tem' rade" which is now being used to re anybody including the capitalists opportunists," They extend their argument by say, is really tiresome to dig graves for n6 Sometimes you dig and do not find a mains. This is time wasted and will be recovered. Usually, one does it J material gain at all." ZIMBABWE NEWS A ll TregerGROUP ZIMBABWE'S LEADING MANUFACTURER 'INDUSTRY: PVC Shoe Compounds. PVC Cable Compounds. PVC Record Compounds. PVC Bottle Compounds. Gas Cylinders. Bread Shapes. Enamel Signs. PVC Extruded Sections. PACKAGING: Shrink Film and Stretch Wrap. Polythene Bags and Pouches. Carrier Bags. Polythene Sacks. Roll Film. CONSTRUCTION: Aluminium and steel Windows and Doors. Shop Fronts. Urinals. Stainless Steel Sinks. Cisterns. Electric Water Heaters. Wheelbarrows. Buckets. Lockers. Burglar Bars. Conduit. Polythene Film. Shower Units. THE HOME: Domestic Cookware (Enamel & Aluminium). Kitchen Furniture. Electrical Appliances. Suitcases and Handbags: Stoves (Gas and Electric). Refuse Bins. Bread Bins. Tin Trunks. Paraffin Stoves. Dustbinettes. Gas Cylinders. AGRICULTURE/GARDEN: PVC Pipe. Polythene Pipe. Hosepipe. Garden Hose. Watering Cans. Wheelbarrows. MISCELLANEOUS FURNITURE/EQUIPMENT School Desks. Office Furniture and Equipment. Canteen Furniture and Equipment. THE HOME OF &...... NEWS AUGUST. 1988 hI ,-- ; . . .. .' '''--'-;; ;... . ';;; . . '...X.:::;;;;.. . : * ...., ,** X_,,,*. .. , ,, ,o ...... , ,, ......

Provinces Rebury Fallen Her( Reburial Exercise in Masvingo f .4 ~A -'4 4 Comrade Alois Chamboko In front followed by Comrade Bombehell Hokonya and Comrade Kmnoto, mme of Use Chvi Rebuial Committee M asvingo Province is bracing itself for the noble task to rebury the fallen heroes. The Governor of , Comrade D. Mavhaire said that the Provincial Heroes Acre has been sited but did not indicate the area. "To date there has been no hero or heroine laid there," he said and added that "plans are afoot" to fence the site. Maningo District The Heroes Acre is near Nemanwa Growth Point which is next to the National Monument. Only nine heroes have been buried there during the last two years. More will be reburied this year. Ninety coffins are ready for use. Party Youth are busy preparing graves. The coffins and a substantial amount of money for the reburial exercise have been provided for by the Party Districts. Mweni District Last year 10 fallen heroes were buried at Mwenezi Heroes Acre near Rural Service Centre. The President of the Senate, Comrade Nolan Makombe officiated at the reburial ceremony. The local community contributed $2 390,65 while the local hardware company, Enjay Sales donated coffins. Labour was provided by the local Youth Brigade and trainees at Batanai District Council Training Centre. The Reburial Committee in Mwenezi described the local population as cooperative, understanding and dedicated to the exercise. However, exhuming these unknown heroes is taxing. There is a danger that some comrades perished while in possession of live ammunition for instance grenades. It follows that the task of exhuming should be carried out by bomb disposal experts or peo- pie with military training preferably soldiers and policemen. Gutu No fallen heroes have been buried in Gutu because a suitable place could not be identified. Two sites have been abandoned because one was water-logged and another is alleged to be "sacred." ,The proposed site is near Mpandawana. The local M.P. Comrade 0. Munyaradzi approved of the site which is already fenced and cleared by the Youth. It is h6ped that the first reburial may take place in September thisyear and over $13 000 was raised. Some of the money was used to buy fencing materials. The remainder will cater for the 48 fallen heroes to be reburied. More shallow graves are being identified but itis difficult to know the names of those who perished. The Vice-President Comrade Simon Muzenda is expected to officiate the reburial exercise in Guru. The Chairman of the Chivi Reburial Committee Comrade Lovemore Bombshell Hokonya is the man behind the reburials in Chivi. He said the idea of reburying fallen Heroes was initiated by the ex-combatants who were working in Chivi in 1983. The initiative stemmed from reports conveyed to Comrade Reuben Mtumbi the then District Information Officer at Chivi. Comrade Mtumbi was informed of human bones in some places in the district. It was clear they were bones of the fallen heroes. The District Administrator and local couwcillors assisted in the formation of a committee to identify the shallow graves and to make proper documentation. The committee mobilized funds up to $4 648,70 some of which was used to buy coffins. Each local school donated at least one coffin. The effort of the local community enabled a decent reburial of 86 fallen heroes at Chivi Heroes Acre near Madyangove Business Centre. The 1988 programme in Chivi has been re-scheduled to allow the Committee to raise more funds to exhume 13 fallen heroes and rebury them. Comrade Hokooya said this Year's refrials will be in November. "We have already prepared Youth Displays and cultural dances", he informed the ZimbabweIZINEM %AGSA9

Provinces Rebury Fallen Heroes The Chairman of Ulkita Ditvle Reburld Commaltes, Comnrde GM Kagweda In he Ndta Heroe Acre tlMn to a pe in formation Services (ZIS). Invitations have been sent to Government Ministries. Problems Besides shortage of funds, the Committee also faces transport and labour problems. Many people fear that the fallen heroes might have been buried in shallow graves with explosives. Furtre Plans $ 000,00 is needed to I anIndepenence Arch, to fence the plac and to build an office and a storeroom. Comrade Hokonya said that in Chivi, the Sub-Committee of the District Reburial Committee played a crucial role in observing cultural undertakings by brewing beer in all the Wards. The local Chief led the reburial at Nyaningwe. The role of the traditional leaders will be expected to continue in future. Charches snd other organizations provided valuable moral and spiritual support. This made the whole exercise a success. Bildta Research work on the reburial of the fallen heroes started as far back as 1986 when a member of the District Development Committee Comrade Gift Kagweda raised the issue that human remains were seen scattered all over the Dikita Air Strip. The local press reacted positively and the national press too. In 1987 a committee to facilitate the ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988 smooth exhuming and reburial exercise was formed. The local M.P. Comrade Gabriel Machinga played a pivotal role. He made an emotiomil appeal through the press and during meetings with the people in his Bikita constituency. The grand total of $10 217,04 contributed by various organizations and individuals throughout the country covered the costs of adverts, coffins, transport and labour for the reburial exercise. "The public response in Bikita was overwhelmin" " reported Comrade Kagweda. The public provided cash, labour and transport. Churches, chiefs, headmen and other organizations such as the Army Engineers, Police, CIO, etc also helped. Chl-edz There is no Heroes Acre in but a committee to look into the issue has been formed. It is trying to define its functions. Pks for 1968 Reburial of 100 fallen heroes will take place as soon as funds become available. Zaka The idea of a heroes acre in has been debated over the years, and the first reburial took place on the 3rd October 1987. A total of 53 fallen heroes were reburied in 42 graves. The reasons why some had to be reburted together is that they had been dumped in the same mass graves when they were killed by the enemy. So they could not be separated. The Vice-President, Comrade Simon Muzenda officiated the ceremony. Committee A committee which included councillors, party leaders, civil servants, former combatants and other local people who were fan iliar with the operations of guerillas during the liberation struggle was formed to identify areas for the reburial exercise and to raise funds for that activity. . Donations from individuals, companies and communities amounted to $7 000,00. The local Member of Parliament Comrade Simbi Mubako initiated fund-raising in the urban areas particularly from workers coming from Zaka District. Generous donations and moral support of the people of Zaka show that they have really welcomed the whole exercise to rebury the remains of their children who died for a just cause. At this year's reburial on 1 th August, 25 fallen heroes will be laid at Zaka Heroes' Acre. Preparations are being made and $3 000,00 has been raised so far. Though in Zaka some relatives of the fallen heroes decline that they be buried at the Heroes Acre, the whole exercise can be characterized as a success. It is a recognition of the courageous frepdom fighters who had sacrificed their life for the liberation of our country. ]

Provinces Rebury Fallen Heroes The Shurugwi Heroes Acre and Reburials - Midlands he commemoration of those who heroically sacrificed their lives for the independence that charactenses Zimbabwe as one of the world's nations today, was seen as an indispensable national event which takes place throughout the country. The rebural of those who fell while fighting the enemy in this country should be given honourable reburial at selected places. This makes the commemoration more significant when people each year on 11 and 12 August assemble at these places to pay time respects to heroes in their permanent resting place. The reburial of combataits in Shurugwi was in conformity with the above. Preparations Preparations for the reburial involved the formation of a board or committee which would decide on various functions to be performed and determine the teams which could perform these functions. This committee comprised the local ZANU (PF) Party Provincial Members and Government Officials including Army, Police and CIO; First information had to be collected on all combatants who died in action in and their graves located. The reburial place was chosen which became the District Heroes Acre. Work of constructing the Heroes Acre included digging of the 11 individual graves and one mass grave, the graves were then lined with bricks inside and plastered. A concrete lead for each grave was made. The acre was to be fenced and drought resistant trees planted along the side of the fence. It is important to point out here, that there was no money allocated for the project by Government. The construction of the Heroes Acre and the burial oeremony itself meant that a reasonably large amount of money was to be involved. Povo irtilpmte fully In reburylng former ght Money was needed for labour and material from the beginning of the project up to the end. This money was to be raised somehow locally. It therefore meant that everybody within the boundaries of Shurgwi District was to be involved in someway. So the whole District was mobilised for the project. This was done through the party structures. Orgman t The District Heroes Day Commit inception on the 13th of June, 191 ed on a number of functions and i, sequent meetings formed the foll0 committees for the puposes of lX of combatants. I The reburial sub-committee wi ZIMPMI*

Provinces Rebury Fallen Heroes with collection of information leading to the location of all combatants who died in Shurugwi. The construction sub-committee was charged with the supervision of the construction work. It mobilised the local people to provide free labour at the Acre. As for the fund-raising sub-committee, it was given the duty of raising $4 630,90 for materials which were required for the Construction of the Heroes Acre. The materials included bricks, cement, fence, poles and food. The committee that was tasked with the entertainment activities on the reburial day was the activities sub-committee. The other two committees that were formed to function specifically on the reburial day were the protocol and catering sub-commitee. Outside Assistance Organisations which assisted in the reburial of the heroes in Shurugwi are Zimbabwe Mining and Smelting Company which doated all the 11 coffins for the remains of the ex-fighters. They also provided tents which were used for sheltering the President and other dignitaries and the public address system on the reburial day. Combatants' Reburial The following are some of the excombatants who were identified by names and the areas where their remains were exhumed: a) Comrade Chris - whose remains were taken from a grave in Muhloro village. b) Comrade Fadzai Vabereki and Comrade Ingwe Yemavara who were taken from graves in Machacha village. c Comrade Job Munyaradzi and James Bond had their remains taken from Pakame area. d) Comrade Chenjerai Tichatonga - whose remains were taken from Svika Mountain. There are those who could not be identified by names because probably they were new arrival reinforcements who were engaged in fatal battles before anyone had acquainted themselves with the names. The following are the areas from where remains were found: Two comrades' remains were exhumed from Zvarota area. They had died in Mhonda Village. Two combatants' remains were taken from Magumise area. The remains of all the - above combatants were reburied in individual graves at the Heroes Acre. There were also those who were exhumed from Donga Base who have been reburied in a mass grave at the heroes acre. Possibility of Expansion of the Heroes Acre Construction plans for the Heroes Acre were approved. But the idea of possible expansion was not given enough thought. The idea of the committee initially had been to give the acre an element of continuity, but now it is not known what future plans might be there for the Heroes Acre. There is no known Government policy as to who should be responsible for any expansion that might be necessary, even the maintenance of the acre at its present stage has not been assigned to any known authority. It is therefore hoped that Government will soon come up with a clear policy on heroes acres within local authority areas. 0] he Zvishavane District Council, through its Heroes Acre Committee has set the date 6th August 1988 as the official date for the inauguration of the Nhamodzenyika Zvishavane District Heroes' Acre. Presently there is only one here, namely the late Comrade Flint Derick Magama who died in active action in an aircraft crash in Mozambique. Since his burial at the site on the 31st January 1986, the Heroes Acre Committee has been raising funds for the improvement of the site and construction is well underway. It was envisaged that 81 ex-combatants presently identified as buried in shallow graves would be reburied on the 6th August 1988 but due to inadequate funds, it has been suggested that only 40 would be re-buried on that date and the rest of the work would be completed when more funds are raised. It is also acknowledged that there are two identified mass gaves within the district but whose contents are not yet known. This poses another problem of which the Committee has to tackle in the near future. However it is intended that these comrades Nhamodzenyika Zvishavane District Heroes Acre/- Midlands Seen hre are some of the eofMn for Whe rebudal programms ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988

Provinces Rebury Fallen Heroes whose number is unknown would be buried in a collective tomb of the unknown soldier which according to plan is at the centre of the grave of the unknown. ZANU (Pl) Districts Since the beginning of the projects the local people and especially the Party ZANU (PF) through its 10 Party Districts has put tremendous efforts to ensure the successful completion of this project. Gardens and flower beds have been laid out, fencing has been completed and toilets built. The guard house is nearing completion. Next will be the construction of the shrine. It has been decided not to deal with the mass graves now. It is thought to defer the construction of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier after the inital re-burials. All the graves required for the re-burials have been dug but the constrnction proper in the prescribed manner has been critically hampered by the inavailability of cement for casting concretebricks. Nevertheless it is hoped that the material will soon be found and work will resume at a redoubled pace. Funds raised now total to $7 928,50. ZANU (PF) Party Districts are raising funds in their respective areas. This figure is expected to rise when funds are given to the Treasurer. Fund raising activities are also in progress. The value of work that has been done on the Heroes Acre exceeds $25 000. The District Council contributed $15 000 which was used for fencing the area. The local community and the Youth Brigade have also been engaged in voluntay work at the Acre and are still continumg to do so even more vigorously. 0 p rovincialauthorities linked to the Reburial of ex-combatants are in need of financial assistance to assist in the reburial exercise. At the moment the reburial exercise is carried out by the local people from the funds raised locally. "We appeal to thp government to give us urgent assistance since, as a province, we cannot manage a decent reburial of these combatants" the Governor of Mashonaland East, Comrade Rwizi Ziyenge said. To date over 750 comrades have been reburied at the different district Heroes Acres. The list which shows the number and the area where the exercise took place, is printed below. Remaining Mahusekwa, Prison, JokoMutoko and Chinamhora. At present, there Reburial of Fallen Heroes Mashonaland East are fifteen acres with the total of 746 reburied Comrades. One ex-combatant was buried at his home in , in , at the request of his parents. The reburial exercise is being carried out in consultation with spirit mediums. According to Comrade Ziyenge the criteria of where to bury who is based on the decision of the community, which decides whether one can be buried at the National Heroes Acre, at Provincial or at District 'Heroes Acre. Comrade Ziyenge also said that the Party was playing a leading role in the reburial exercise which also involves investigation of where the combatants are buried. Comrade Ziyenge notified that during the Heroes Days this year, 61 former combatants would be buried in District, Chinamhora. Apart from this 26 villagers who died during the war would also be reburied. On the same day, at Centre, 112 will also be reburied. 1983 December 1984 30 September 1984 30 September 1984 30 September 1984 30 September 1985 1985 1985 1985 14 and 15 June 1985 23 September 1985 5 October 1985 20 October 1986 23 November 1986 18 October 1986 28 June 1988 23 January 1988 4 June Kowo Mapapwe District Mahusekwa Boarder Church Kabasa Charehwa Chimoyo Nyamapereka-pereka Chikwizo Nyahunure Murehwa Growth Point Mukamba Nyamuyaruka Dendenyore U.M.P. Kamutororo Juru Grohth Point Mutoko Growth Point Mutoko Growth Point Mutoko Mutoko Mutoko Mutoko Mudzi Mudzi Mudzi Murehwa Wedza Mudzi Wedza Mutawatawa Nyakuchena Mudzi Goromonzi Mutoko Mutoko 40 Comrades 5 Comrades 8 Comrades 8 Comrades 42 Comrades 53 Comrades 27 Comrades 15 Comrades 76 Comrades 15 Comrades 16 Comrades 63 Comrades 45 Comrades 44 Comrades 63 Comrades 126 Comrades 100 Comrades ZIM

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Provinces Rebury Fallen Heroes Heroes Acre in the Mashonaland West Province Part of the crowd at Uw roburial ceremony Tte construction of the Provincial Heroes Acre which started in 1986 is still in its initial stage. The ground was donated by the Nicolle Brothers and has now been fenced at a cost of $9 988 00 which is part of the money being raised by the Provincial Committee chaired by the Mayor of , Comrade Benard Samuriwo. The balance of unused money is about $16 000 00. Plans to use the money have been made which include construction of: a) A monument for the seven heroes who died at the Chinhoyi Battle. b), War museum specially related to our liberation struggle. c) Library of war materials, politics etc. d) Graveyard. e) Houses for caretaker, librarian and security officer. dRang The Chinhoyi Heroes Acre Committee which has been tasked with the reburial exercise is busy finding out sources of financing the project. Fund raising activities organised by the Committee involve the Party structures throughout the province. Assistance from the Central Committee of ZANU (PF) is also being sought since the site for the Provincial Heroes Acre has a special significance to our second Chimuren- ga and is recognised as the launching site for the liberation struggle which resulted in peace and independence. In Mashonaland West Province, there is no District Heroes' Acre. However, the reburial of the heroes in Mhondoro will take place at a site yet to be determined. The Heroes' Acre Construction in Chinhoyi has had some tremendous achievements to the province. The importance has been the conscientisation of the people. Now they know the significance of our liberation war, its impact, the and the commitment of those who died. There should therefore be a commitment by all the people to defend our independence, the development of the economy and our culture. Among the problems the Committee has encountered are lack of adequate information and limited financial resources. The province has not been able to know where the seven freedom fighters of the Chinhoyi Battle were buried. Criteria Unlike in other provinces where prominent politicians and statesmen have been buried in provincial Heroes' Acre, so far none has been buried in the Chinhoyi Provincial Heroes' Acre. The criteria for choosing someone to be buried at a Provincial Heroes' Acre is based on political consideration that is as to whether one has contributed to the liberation struggle. It is however, the National Committee headed by the Vice President, Comrade Simon Muzenda that is vested with the task of choosing the heroes. As to whether traditional leaders such as spirit mediums and chiefs are consulted before the reburial of the ex-combatants, it is difinitely agreed that they have to be consuted since their views and contributions are considered important. 0 Reburial of former combatants Mashonaland Central ith the blessing of the provincial leadership, the Mashonaland Central Provincial joint council resolved that implementation of the reburial of the ex-combatants should be stepped up. District Heroes Acres, The Mashonaland Central Province has done and is still doing a lot in the reburial of the former freedom fighters. It is for that reason the province is appealing to all the people to contribute and donate in cash or kind in order to finalise the reburial of our heric ex-combatants who are still not yet properly buried. 1988 has been declared the year in which the fallen heroes will receive decent reburials. Heroes Acres will be constructed at Nyawa Centre, Muzarabani, Pfura Mountains, , Guruve Growth Point, Rushinga and Shamva. In all, about 103 graves have been identified. Remains of 144 ex-combatants have been discovered. The estimated hfu for the whole project is $122 000,00. So far, only $3 700,00 has been raised. Party and Government officials in the Mashonaland Central Province have set some dates in 1988 for the reburial exercise. The first district Heroes Acre was st p at Centenary on the 31st July, 1988. Nine graves for the remains of ex- combatants in that area were built. ZIM WE NEWS

John Nkomo on reburial exercise Recently Zimbabwe News interviewed the Publicity and Information Secretary of PF-ZAPU, Comrade John Nkomo, on the issue of the current reburial exercise of the fallen heroes. QU EnON: Wht is PF-ZAPU's position as regards the concept of reburial of fallen ex-combatan s? ANSWER: PF-ZAPU was also involved in the liberation struggle and it totally supports the reburial of our fallen freedom fighters who died to liberate their motherland. As a people in Zimbabwe, we show our respect and appreciation for the ideals for which they sacrificed their lives. Reburial shows an act of decency for our heroes. That is why we, as a country, decided to establish Heroes Acres and make provision for the tomb of the unknown soldier. PF-ZAPU believes that there should be only one National Heroes Acre. The Provincial and District Heroes Acres should be designated as shrines with names of people clearly inscribed on them. QUESTION: In the light of the Unity agreement, what steps have PF-ZAPU taken to have its members incorporated in the Reburid Committee? ANswER: The achievements of Unity itself provide the answer. Do not look at the two parties as different entities. ZANU (PF) and PF-ZAPU have become one. The participation of all Zimbabweans is a progressive act. We are moving away from the position of PF-ZAPU and ZANU (PF) to be members of one party. QUESTION: Z4NU (PF) recognises Mbuya Nehanda, Sekuru Kaguvi, Claminuka, Mukwat as Zimbabwe's National Heroes of the First Chimurenga War. What is PF-ZAPUs position on these Heroes? ANSWER: PF-ZAPU recognises them as Heroes who were chosen because of their contribution in resisting the colonial rule. The few whose names have been chosen and honoured must be regarded as representatives of many other heroes who fought after the death of the ones you have mentioned. QuESTION: Does PF-ZAPU feel there are other National Heroes who qualified to be reburied at the National Heroes Acre, but were not? / ANSWER: Yes there are many other heroes in their own right. Not every heroes must be buried there. If all heroes were to be buried at the National Heroes Acre, we would run out of space. I think the ones already buried there represent all the others who were not buried there. However, we feel that with the new political environment this area will have to be looked into with a view to recognising some of these heroes. QUESTION: Do you think the achievement of unity is going to bring about better partici- pation by the people of Matabeleland in the Heroes Day Ceremonies? ANSWER: A negative impression might have been created that the people in Matabeleland were not enthusiastic in the reburial exercise. They were considered as people who did not make some contribution towards the liberation struggle. This is understandable given the then unhealthy po-, litical environment which has now improved. I believe we will have increased participation in the Heroes Day Celebrations by everyone in the country. We will embrace the situation as one people. QUESTION: Do you have any special message to the people of Zimbabwe with regards to the significance of the Heroes Holidays? ANSWER: After a protracted struggle, we achieved independence in 1980. Zimbabweans honoured and continue to honour the heroes of the war over the past eight years. As a nation, we have consolidated our independence through unity. As a people, we are poised to make yet higher achievements. We owe our independence, social and economic achievement to our fallen heroes. We should, as a nation participate actively in the celebrations of our Heroes Day. We must salute them for their courage and proceed to be heroes of a new egalitarian society free of prejudices. In short all Zimbabweans should see the Heroes Holiday as a time to pay respect to our fallen heroes and rededicate ourselves to the task of establishing a prosperous Zimbabwe. ZIMBABW

Experience of an ex-combatant Zimbabwe News interviewed Brigadier Aggripa Mutambara, one of the excombatants involved in the liberation -struggle of Zimbabwe on some issues pertaining to his personal experiences in the armed struggle and after independence. rigadier Aggripa Mutambara (Comrade Dragon Patiripakashata) was born on 2nd July 1951 in the Shurugwi District. He attended a number of schools. From 1958 to 1962 he studied at Riverbrook primary school in Shurugwi South. At the beginning of 1963 Aggripa found a place at Zimuto Mission. From 1964 to 1965, he was at Morgenster Mission, where he completed Standard Six. The search for Secondary education led him to Mzingwani Secondary School where he completed Form Four in 1969. Although he wanted to do 'A' level, he was unable to secure a place. Work experience After he had completed schooling he did a number of odd jobs until he finally trained as a Council Secretary. He was employed briefly by Masembura and Neshuro District Councils before going to Harare to work as an audit assistant. Chimurenga Experience His first attempt to join the liberation strug- gle was in 1974. However, he ended ap in the hands of the Security Officers of FRELIMO who accused him of being a spy sent by the Rhodesian Government. Brigadier Mutambara described his experience at that time as follows:- "The FRELIMO Army had emerged victorious after a protracted war. There was no way they could trust a person. One thing is certain, I did not regret going to Mozambique." However, after that ordeal he was released in 1975. HYe went to camps controlled by ZANLA Forces. While in Mozambique, he received his military training at Tembwe in the Tete Province and Chimoio in the Manica Province. Soon after training he was posted to the operational zones in Zimbabwe's Manica Province. Brigadier Mutambara stayed in the operational zones for a short time. He was recalled to Mozambique to become a military instructor. During that time, he travelled extensively to Europe and certain African countries. There loe visited Comrades who had gone for advanced military training. He became ZANU's Chief representative at the OAU's Headquarters in Addis Ababa in 1978. Asked on what had prompted him to join the liberation struggle, Brigadier Mutambara said; "As a youth I resented the attitudes of some whites towards blacks. They treated blacks as if they were not human beings. This really incensed me to join the struggle." Brigadier Mutambara remembers a nasty incident that had happened at Bindura Hospital where his father was working. A ZANLA combatant, Comrade Cuthbert who had been captured and had had his leg amputated was being guarded in a special ward where he was continuously being tortured, inspite of being under treatment. Later he was hanged by the Smith Regime. "I felt this brutality could not go unchallenged and I made a strong stand that I should join the liberation struggle," the Brigadier added. Saddest Experience The Chimoio attack came as a shock to him. It was at the time that he was the acting Director of Politics at Chimoio Camp. He and other Comrades were busy drafting political programmes. "I witnessed the whole attack which lasted three days. When the attack ended I was given the task of co-ordinating the burial programme of the dead combatants", he said sadly. Post Independence Jokingly, Comrade Mutambara said that he did not find it hard to integrate in society soon after Independence. As a man who had been exposed to the diplomatic field, he knew public relations. He summarizes his experiences in the during the period of the joint High Command by saying: "I went through the problems that the army was facing and tried to approach them both from a military and diplomatic angle." * On the problems the army is facing at the moment, he singled out that of foreign currency. "Obviously, as a commander of a formation, there are certain improvements that I want. However, most of the equipment the army uses is bought by foreign currency. Because of this shortage, we cannot get some of the items that could improve the eficiency of the army", he concluded. 0 ZIMI -W -

We Salute the Heroes Today T his month we re-dedicate ourselves to follow the shining examples in the life and work of our national heroes. This is a very important month in the life of our nation, when we all ieturn to the original sources of our inspiration as a nation. We are grateful that the two days of August 11 and 12 have been set aside as national holidays for the specific purpose of re- dedicating ourselves. In their lives and work the national heroes of Zimbabwe were guided by certain basic principles and simple values. Some of them were not highly educated or sophisticated, nor could they make big speeches, or write long sentences. The strength of their character and example stemmed from the determination and commitment with which they pursued the basic principles and simple values in Which they believed. As we all know, during the colonial era, it was very difficult to organise, politicise, and motivate the colonised and oppressed peoples. All the power of the colonial structures and institutions was used against them. The ultimate success of their work was only made possible by their total commitment and adherence to those cherished principles and social values. I Some of the basic principles that guided their work, were: * The unity of the colonised and oppressed masses against the ferocious colonial governmental system set up by the white settlers in this country. They realised that in unity lay the strength of the oppressed. It was not easy to unite the black masses/people 'of this country. * The powerful governmental institutions of the day, sought to keep the black people divided along tribal and ethnic lines, so that the white settlers could continue to rule them. * The division of our fighting people into ZAPU and ZANU during the liberation war was a severe setback that limited our capacity to challenge the settler government. Our Heroes presented a united front in the form of the Patriotic Front at both the in 1976, and at the Lancaster House conference in 1979. The efforts to unite the people continued after independence, culminating in e unity agreement between the two parties in December, 1987. This was the final act and culmination of a long and difficult political process. We must thank those of our Heroes who laid firm foundations for this unity. In order to achieve. national unity, they taught us to look at a man or woman as a Zimbabwean only, without reference to his/her tribe or region. Tribalism and regionalism must be condemned and shunned by all patriotic Zimbabweans. Those of our Heroes. lying at Heroes Acre in Harare, or those 50 000 plus Zimbabweans who died in the great war of national liberation, were drawn from all tribes and regions of our country. They fought side by side as black brothers and sisters, comrades and compatriots, for one thing alone, freedom and independence of the black man/woman in the, land of his birth. Our Heroes worked and died for the general interests or the general will of all Zimbabweans. They did not fight or die for parochial and selfish personal interests. They must be turning in their graves when they listen to the contributions of certain loud-mouthed young men in our Parliament, and in our Party; or when they see these same young men amassing wealth for personal use. Destructive criticism and personal attacks on leaders and other cadres is the element that kept our people divided, and perpetuated the rule of the white settlers for 90 years. We should condemn it, and replace it with constructive criticism and selfcriticism. Furthermore, our Heroes must also turn in their graves, when they see those comrades who walk into the shoes of the white settlers by taking over huge farms and properties, in violation of the basic principle of the struggle, namely to shire and re-distribute as equally as possible, the wealth of our young nation. Equitable distribution of all wealth, especially land, was a very simple and basic principle of the entire nationalist struggle for political power. Our Heroes were simple, unassuming men and women, who wanted social justice and equality of oppoftunity for all. ZANU (PF) cannot abandon that simple principle. Finally, our Heroes taught us self-reliance, and looking to ourselves for solutions. They wanted a people who are self-riliant, disciplined, united and vigilant. Indeed ZANU's motto was that "we are our own liberators". Although we are now independent, our Party members should know that they are the ones to defend that independence, and to advance the areas of our freedom. [

LEST The late Cde. L. Takawira 1916-1970 The late Cde. J. Tongogara 1940-1979 The late Cde. S. Mazorodze 1933-1981 0 The late Cde. R. Manyika 1934- 1985 The late Cde. T.G. Silundika 1929-1981 AA

"ORGET NDEPENDENCE WAS WATERED BY THE "D BLOOD OF THE HEROIC SONS AND iTERS OF ZIMBABWE 3 GUARD IT JEALOUSLY The late Cde. H. Chitepo 1923-1975 The late Cde. J. Chinamano The late Cde. J. Moyo 1922-1984 1927-1977 The late Cde. M. Ndlovu 1890-1982 The late Cde. R. Tawangwena 1910-1984

ZANU (PF) 8th August, 1963 - 8th August 1988 To mark the 25th Anniversary of ZANU (PF), we will be publishing a SPECIAL ISSUE OF ZIMBABWE NEWS soon. Look out for it! Let us remember that: "Struggle has never ended because when oppression exists, resistance to this oppression exists as well. This resistance can change in character and form but it never ceases." AT 25

Gutu Political Crisis resolved Adapted from Masvingo Provincial Star of 22 July 1988 he National Integration Committee, appointed by President Comrade Robert Mugabe to integrate the two political parties, held a special meeting recently at in Gutu and resolved the chaotic situation which had developed in the area by appointing Air Marshal Josiah Tungamirai to head the exercise in the area. Comrade George Marange, a member of the Committee told newsmen at Mupandawana that there was no coordination between the local Member of Parliament Comrade S. Mahofa and the task force. He said meetings were held separately and this had led to lack of activities. Guns is the only district in,Masvingo Province where the task force has not completed the exercise and the special meeting which was held at Mupandawana was to check on the progress made so far. It was found that there were problems which had led to a chaotic situation and since the National Integration Committee identified Gutu as a problem area it was decided that Politburo Member Air Marshal Josiah Tungamirai be stationedin Gutu and head the exercise, Comrade Marange said. Iron out Problems A spokesman for the Committee, Comrade Eddison Zvobgo, said the meeting was in tended to iron out all the problems that existed between the local Member of Parliament and the task force. He said the Member of Parliament had her own development programmes which often clashed with those of the task force, so this had led to lack of co-ordination. The problems, which he described as minor, prevented members of the task force from getting the necessary support. Comrade Zvobgo, who is the Minister of Political Affairs, said the meeting had resolved that Politburo Member Air Marshal Josiah Tungamirai would be working with Government Ministries and local authorities to see that the integration of the two political parties was carried out smoothly in Gutu. Speaking at the same meeting Air Marshal Tungamirai urged all the people of Gutu to attend meetings and asked them to choose members wisely. He also called on the villagers to bury all old political differences and to shun tribalism. He told them to respect the appointed members of the task forces chosen in their respective cells and branches. c Political organisation progresses in Matabeleland North By M. MCCosh The District Task Forces in the Matabeleland North Province had already created Branch Task Forces by the middle of July. Commercial farming areas seem to be the most difficult to organise. The City of is the easiest. here are twenty-seven new Districts k in the high-density suburbs of I" :Bulawayo. In the low-density suw.r _ -burbs where the Provincial Task Force has decided to use the boundaries of Municipal Wards to designate District Areas, eight . .Municipal Wards, form ten new Districts, one in each ward and two in Wards One and Three. With thirty- seven Districts there should be at least one hundred and eightyfive thousand members of the united Party which would reflect Bulawayo's voting performance at the 1985 General Election. Membership numbers can only be accurately assessed when the new official Party cards are issued. New party cards will be printed with a portrait of the President of the Party. Comrade R.G. Mugabe, in place of the Jongwe logo. Prior to the signing of the Unity Accord on December 22nd 1987, the City of Bulawayo had seven ZANU (PF) districts. Ilk The ZANU (PF) Bulawayo East District encompassed the whole of the low-density Misses In Matabeloland North Province singing songs of unity Municipal area. ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST 1988

Ward 3A District was formed on June 16th 1988. It comprises the suburbs of Parklands and Kumalo (the oldest residential suburbs of Bulawayo, laid out on the "gridpattern", a characteristic town-planning demand of Colonialist Cecil John Rhodes). This new Pistrict has six executive members from each of the two majority Parties, eight men and four women, twelve in all, which is the prescribed membership. The Political Commissar of the Party's Bulawayo East District Comrade J. Chiveya stated that the initial organising difficulties of Ward 3A District were being slowly overcome. There was still a problem in finding suitable PF-ZAPU officials for Branch Task Forces where there were no pre-Unity Accord PF-ZAPU structures., Nevertheless Comrade Chiveya saw no permanent obstacles in the way of the formation of stable Branch Task Forces, in this District. He confidently explained: "The people are happy to accept the Unity Accord, and are anxious for its implementation." One unforeseen communications problem was discovered when ink was absorbed into paper posters, tied onto trees advertising Task Force Meetings. This occured when a sudden, unexpected thunderstorm, preceeding two rain-filled days took Bulawayo by surprise at the end of June. The PC reported thit in the Ward 2 District where many of the now united Party members are concentrated in compounds at Hearty Junction, the United Portland Cement Company and the ZRP Camp at Fairbridge, the mobilisation of the people had been remarkably easy. Lack of Transport has always been a major problem of Party organisation in the vast Matabeleland North Province. The Ward 2 District has formed eight Branch Task Forces, oneof whose members is the non-constituency Member of Parliament, Comrade Obert Mpofu, who holds the post of Provincial Deputy Treasurer. 0 Success in Catering By a Correspondent was in Mutate when my stomach suddenly complained. I was obviously hungry. So I stopped a lady with plearant peasant looks. I think she might have come from any of the rural areas in Manicaland but I do not know from which side of the Province. I asked her in Shona: "Ni sisi mwbo mune imba inobikwa nokuwengeswa gobyu here? She replied with two questions: "Gobvu chhi? Mungobva kIupi imimi musingaziwi nezve maMutare ?" "Gobvu isadza. Ndinobva kuHarare," I explained. Later she kindly told me that there were very few restaurants in Mutare that serve sadza menu. The price for a plate at the Mutare City Hotel is $2,00. This is expensive for simple sadza. So I went to Sakubva since I had learnt that there was a catering cooperative run by women. At Sakubva Bus Terminus, one is greeted by a sign post attached to the roof of the building. The inscription on the sign post reads "Munochemei Kubudirira Catering Co-operative". In the restaurant I sat down at one of the neat tables after having ordered a plate of sadza and meat. While waiting to be served, my attention was drawn to one of Matavire's popular music - Well you know it! The place is visited by Youths and people of various ages obviously to eat and play music on duke-box. "Is this really a cooperative?" I asked myself. I have seen many co-operatives in different parts of our country but not one of them matches this one in Mutare, that is in terms of organization. This Sakubva co-operative has a modern kitchen, an office where bookkeeping and accounts are kept, goodlooking chairs and tables, well arranged stock and grocery; this is really impressive! After thanking the ladies for their good service, I decided to interview them to find out how they started their consumer cooperative and whether they in real economic terms are making progress. Starting the Co-op Mrs Kamutoro, the Secretary of Munochemei Catering Co-operative said, "We started as a Women's Club in 1982 doing homecraft and cooking. In August the same year Comrade Sabina Mugabe brought officials from the Ministry of Co-operative Development and Women's Affairs to advise us to form a co-operative which we did. Our co-operative was registered in terms of section 8 of the Co-operative Societies Act (Chapter 193) on the 3rd June of 1985 as a consumer co-operative Society "Limited". Soon after registration, the Mutare City Council offered the Moffat Hall for cooperators to start cooking at $35,0 for water and lights rates per month. The Chairperson, Comrade Julia Zisengwe said, "SEDCO gave us $47 000,00 as loan. We used $32 000,00 to buy a stand and a Building from the City Council. The SEDCO loan is to be repaid within a period of five years. Initially we repaid $1 600 and now we are able to repay at least $1 044 per month because our catering operations up to now are very successful." The Chairperson further indicated sorne' of the sources that fund their organised Co-op.

From left to right: The Chairperson, Comrade Julia Zlemagwe; the Secretary, Mrs Kanutoro and a Committee Member, Comrade Jolee Jumbe - ail of Munoohemel Co-oweatdve donated $2 500,00 used to buy tables, a refregirator and an electric stove. $2 000,00 from Zimbabwe Project bought planks of wood for fittings and shelves while a cash Register or Till costing $4 000,00 was bought by $2 000 donated by the Canadian High Commission plus $2 000,00 contributions by members. Other properties purchased include tiles, geyser, fire extinguisher, utensils, stocks, grocery, fittings, materials and burglar-bars etc. Objectives of the Catering Venture "There are no jobs these days. We have decided to do it ourselves. Moreover we are serving the people with food. While this aims to solve our financial problems, it also develops our country that is we feed the workers who develop the economy of Zimbabwe," said Comrade Joice Jumbe, one of the Committee members of the co-operative. Government Role The Ministry of Co-operative Development and Women's Affairs has a role of educating the co-opters on co-operative principles and of making recommendations to donors to aid the co-op. Right now Munochemei cooperative has an Insurance cover of $2 000. This money was provided by SEDCO. Thanks to the government recommendations. "We would like also to thank our President, Comrade R.G.,Mugabe and the Party ZANU (PF) for bringing to us the gospel of co-operatives" said the women cooperators who are all thembers of the ZANU (PF) Women's League. These Women also thank the Mutare City Council for helping them "otherwise we would not be in a position we are now", they say. Success The cooperators are thanking the organizations which are responsible for their success in the catering exercise. It is through the efforts of those donors that the group is now able to serve the local students, tourists and delegations from all over Zimbabwe. The group has concluded various contracts with a few Industries for instance with Karina Textiles Industry. The co-operative cooks sadza and meat for the workers of Karina Industry. Thus it daily operates a mobile Canteen. University Students used to visit this caterin* co-operative just to see how cooperative principles are implemented. Most of the women cooperators at Sakubva Project have low academic qualifications. However, that does not inhibit them from making a historical progress. Periodically, they do bookkeeping and cooking lessons just to facilitate the operation of their business. Every member has a right to inspect their Books of Accounts. However, I have noted the element of unity and hard'work. These are two pillars that make the Sakubva catering co-op succeed. El Farmers urged to join New Party , C ommercial farmers in Masvingo were called upon to join the popular political mainstream by joining the new ZANU (PF) Party. The cbll, made by Comrade Joseph Mandaba, the Chairman of Masvingo Rural Council and member of Masvingo District Task Force, was published in the Masvingo Star of the 22nd July, 1988. Comrade Mandaba made the call while addressing farners in the Masvingo East intensive purchase area on the 14th July, 1988. "You may think I have chosen to further the political gains of the new party but this has something to do with you. As farmers, we must ensure that our interests are represented and we need to join the political mainstream and help formulate policy through a united voice", Comrade Mandaba said. He also said that it was at the policy formulation level that farmers should contribute so that when a policy is given farmers could be in a position to understand and interpret its implications. "You have noticed the political current in the country since the signing of the unity accord. The merging of the two parties qs a clear sign of a United Nation in the making. So it will be of no use to cry, scold and curse when a decision has already been made", said Comrade Mandaba. He underscored the need for commercial farmers to co-operate with members of the task force that would visit their properties on the integration exercise. He also warned them: "No matter how strongly you feel about this exercise you should be careful not to twist the lions's tail by being unco-operative and apathetic. As one of you I urge you to adopt a more positive attitude and help the nation to formulate decisions that enhance the economic viability of Zimbabwe". Comrade Mandaba told the farmers that he was aware they had a number of grievances adding, "That was why we need debate and constructive criticism so that correct decisions and procedures are followed." "Because no matter how much commercial farmers want to have nothing to do with African politics, we live in a political world where survival is hinged not on withdrawal from the political process but on active participation", said the Rural Council Chairman. 0 ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, i988

Learning to save when you're young sets you up for the rest of your life. And with a POSB savings book you get more chances... more places to save at all over the country, more tax free interest on your savings, more development for Zimbabwe. Because the POSB is the people's bank. It belongs to you. with the book you've got a chance in life Save with the POSB -The People's Bank ZIMBABWE NEWS MAY,

.Takuranei Co-op - A source of Inspiration T akuranei and Instant Muscle Cooperaive is situated at Stand 1023, Coventry Road in 's Light Industrial Site. It is a registered cooperative which was formed in 1982. The co-op was formed by ten members. Two of them are women. One of the members recently died. The main activities of the cooperative are basically fence-making and wrought iron work. The Zimbabwe crew asked Comrade Artwell Dzumbunu, who is also the Secretary of Takuranci Cooperative, what had prompted them to form the cooperative. Comrade Dzumbunu pointed out that like in all major Zimbabwean cities, Gweru was facing the problem of increased number of unemployed youths and the only way to alleviate the situation was to form viable cooperatives. "We were not employed and decided that the only way we could earn the money was through a cooperative venture." Asked on where they got their first capital to establish the cooperative, he said they had each contributed a certain amount to enable them to buy the machinery at a cost of $120. Loan Alfter all the members had contributed, they approached the Department of Cooperatives before it was merged with the Ministry of Community and Cooperative Development and Women's Affairs. Unfortunately, they were not provided with any financial assistance as the Department did not have money at that time. Although the Department of Cooperatives was unable to provide financial assistance, it has continued'to provide account books to the cooperators. Achievements Among its achievements the cooperative lists the acquisition of electricity as a major breakthrough as they are no longer using manual machines in fence- making. The electrification of the premises makes the co-op compete favourably well with longestablished companies. The successful story of the cooperative is also accompanied with certain difficulties. The major setback on their list is lack of transport to distribute their finished products to clients. In order to make ends meet, they have to hire transport often at exorbitant costs. In addition to that, they don't have a proper building on which to operate the business. At present they are using rented premises. Comrade Artwell Dzumbunu ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988 highlighted the dangers of rented premises as follows: "Our contract of lease stipulates that we are to operate in this building for three years as from 1986. As you can see, our lease is about to expire. Although the contract is subject to renewal, I have a feeling that our landlord will not agree to this. The main question to answer is where are we to go from here?" Thirdly, there is a limited market for their finished goods. Their main wish is to find markets in and around Gweru. At present it seems that many would-be- customers buy fences from long-established companies resulting in Takuranei Cooperative being overlooked. The cooperators are also annoyed that most of the government Departments based in Gweru do not'place orders with them. Comrade Dzumbunu had this to say, "Perhaps the Government thinks we, cooperators produce goods that are not up to the required standard. This is, however, false because we have proved to the prophets of doom that we can also compete with long-established companies." Though there is this problem of markets for their products, the cooperators have been able to sell their hardware to workers in the high density suburbs. Experience The cooperators admit that they had no experience in fence-making. As a result, they had to learn the art of making fence from other people. As soon as the cooperative activities had started, they were able to get sponsorship for courses in welding, bookkeeping and blacksmith. They still need to get sponsorship ior skills training. Unfortunately, this is not forthcoming. However, the Zimbabwe Project Trust which had sponsored them previously has indicated that it is willing to do so for two members to undergo a special course in welding. This news has been greeted with enthusiasm by cooperators. Profits The members of Takuranei Cooperative have not shared the profits which they get from what they sell. The reasons for not sharing profits is clearly that, "We are still at an infancy stage and the idea of sharing profits is still far from us. However, what we do is to give each other $150,00 every month as allowances. Time will come when we will be able to share the profits", says Comrade R.V. Chigumira, a woman co-operator. The cooperators do have cordial relationship with the Gweru City Council. This is shown by the fact that Takuranei wants to be registered under the Department of Cooperatives of the Municipality of Gweru. At the moment, all the members attend adult literacy education. One of them is doing Form 3 and the rest are doing Junior Certificate. The determination they have shown in the running of their cooperative is a sign that they are going to succeed. Their message to other Zimbabweans who want to form cooperatives is clear: Hard Work Is the Hall Mark of Success! [] Why No Empty Maize Bags By Our -Correspondent Investigations reveal that empty maize bags in the country are not in short supply. One can get them from the Grain Marketing Board and shops. In Harare, for example, bags can be purchased from the Grain Marketing Board as well as from shops such as Capital Bag and Farmers' Co-op Limited. In all the institutions that supply bags, sales tax is exemptd from members of the Grain Marketing Board. A bag costs $1,68 without tax and $1,9 when tax has been added. One notes that In the acquisition of bags, those who are not members of the NFAZ, CFU and AFlC cat purchase on credit. Given this background, one can understand why communal farmers my allege that In order to have easy access to as many bags as possible, one would have to pay a certain sum to the NFAZ, the organisation that caters for small-scale farmers. The joining fees for the NFAZ is currently $10 per head. The Grain Marketing Bard could only grant credit facilities to members of a farming iastclatlon a a way of safeguarding the liquidity positon of that orpnisatlon. There has been many intance In the past where communal farmers had obtained leans from the Agricultural FInance Corporation and never paid them back simply because when it came to selling maize to the Grain Marketing Beard the same persons did not present themselves to the GM3 as debtors of the Agriultural Finance Corporation. As a resut of this dishonesy, the Agricultural Fnnce Corporation was fldn it extrmely diffca to regain the amounts it had issued to communal farmers as-loan. Conclusion It is not true that there are no empty maike bags In the country. What is true It that, bags are nt easily accessible to communal farmers on credit. Credit facilites can only be offered to those who are members of a recogisable farming organisatlion such as the NFAZ In the case of communal farmera. 0

Bindura Co-operative struggles to sustain itself M any people in Mashonaland Central Province are beginning to heed the Government's call to work for self-reliance in a bid to overcome the unemployment problem. Many of them are forming cortives. They are now gainfully emdand have restored self-respect. In Bindura, the provincial capital of Mashonaland Central Province, 10 members have formed the Chipundura Industrial Cooperative Society which was registered on 28th January, 1987. As the name of the cooperative suggests, the men have indeed managed to elevate themselves in society, for, although the cooperative is not making much, it has been successful and is showing modest profits. Source of Income The main source of income for the cooperators is the sale of spare parts of cars, tractors and lorries in the urban centrei, communal and resettlement areas. In addition to that, all the members of the co-op are fully qualified mechanics. They service any "ailment" of motor cars, lorries, tractors etc. The reason behind the formation of the cooperative was amply given by Comrade Thomas Tembo, who is the secretary of the co-op when he said, "We decided to venture into this type of a co-operative after we had seen the shortage of spare parts for cars and tractors in Mashonaland Central Province. Tractors and cars are grounded because of a shortage of spare parts." Each member contributed $50,00 towards the initial capital. Capital amount was not enough and they approached the Ministry of Community and Cooperative Development and Women's Affairs for financial assistance. Although they were given a sympathetic hearing, the ministry was unable to provide them with money as it did not have it at that time. Their case is still under consideration. Hassles and hurdles At present, Chipindura Co-operative hab problems in getting spare parts. This is one of the areas that is hampering the development of the co-op. They have however, made contacts with two Japanese Companies - Godwini Basani and Milioni Companies - which are willing to sell parts to them provided certain formalities are followed. The issue to resolve at the moment is that of an import licence. Although they have made an application, they are of the view that it will take time before they are issued with a licence. Comrade Tembo summed up the problem: "We definitely want to get an import licence because if we buy locally we cannot afford the prices." The members have not yet sent anyone for spcialised tning in the marking of spare parts. The cooperators are however fortunate in that one of them, Comrade Thomas Tembo, is well experienced in the selling of spare parts. He learned this trade when he was working for a Bindura transport Company, Bindura Haulage._ The Ministry of Community and Cooperative Development and Women's Affairs has however indicated its willingness to sponsor two members to do a course in marketing techniques. Like other cooperatives that are mushrooming throughout Zimbabwe, Chipindura has not yet shared profits among its members. Comrade Tembo could not be drawn to say the exact time when they will T hree boys and three girls in nulawayo are being rewarded by their sheer determination. Through long sightedness, these youths managed to establish in 1987 a Scientific Horticultural Gardening Project which has become the basis for their subsistence and regular income of $250,00 per person per month. The idea to launch a horticultural garden- be able to share the profits. "It depends on the maturity of our co-operative", he said. Failure of Co-opeatives Asked on why the cooperatives failed to prosper, Comrade Tembo emphasised that the blame lies squarely with government officials and the co-operators themselves. "Lack of properly designed and coordinated training programmes for both government officials and co-operative mem. bers resulted in rampant in-efficiency in the co-operative movement popular among some people." he concluded. The participation of poorly qualified cooperators in co-operative programmes has led to a high incidence of dishonesty and corrption among the members. The embezzlement of large sums of money by members has broken the confidence of many of would be co-ope rators. 0 mg project stemmed while they were at school where they constantly discussed what would become of them in the world of youth unemployment. Once the six finished their schooling (three have done JC and the other three 0' Level), they collectively approached the leaders of the Adventist Church to mobilize material assistance to enable them to relize their objectives of job creation and Oifreliance. The Church responded positively ZIM Sheer determination rewards the Right: Cowedl lat Mhlenge, th. Youth Dieoel 011w for Eutewey. lo soen .bat5mig to four meusbera of Use group of six honiloulturellet In Megwegwo and the six young co-operators were given anaportimity to study horticutural sciences at Motgomry Adventist Farm which is run by the Adventist Church. After agricultural training skills, the six youths sought fiuther help from various organisato . The o-operative Section of the Bulawayo City Council and the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture acted as a bridge for the determined six to contact the Lutheran World Federation which donated $700,00. Members initially contributed $19,00 each to buy seeds. The joining fee was $50 for each individual. The Lutheran World Federation also do- nated items such as four rakes, two shovels, seven spades, two picks, two wheel barrows, three garden forks, one watering can and an insecticide sprayer at the cost of $267. Through the Zimbabwe Youth Council, the Zimbabwe Plough Company donated a substantial amount for the group of six to buy asbestos sheets while the Bulawayo City Council provided land on which they carry out horticultural gardening. . The local community, especially the Bulawayo city dwellers benefit a lot from the high quality vegetables produced by the six youths. One can say it is sheer hard work and de- termination that reward the six youths at the Scientific Horticultural Project which is found in Bulawayo in the High Density area of Magwegwe. The Treasurer of the Project, Sibanda, said that they have a collective Bank Account in which there is over $600 at the moment. In his capacity as Chairperson, Comrade Elvis Mpofu said, "We are not registered as a co-operative because we are only six members. The requirement to register as a co-operative is ten members. At present we are okay. We do not want to be many because "Mbeva zhinji hadzicheri mwena."E- He chose to lead the youth "My name is Sainet Chuma. I am married and have six children but I have decided to leadthe Youth ", said the Chairperson of Nemanwa Youth Project which is found in Nemanwa Growth Point one kilometre West of Great Zimbabwe in Masvingo. The Chalmmn of Nenmnwa Youth Project, Comrade S. Chuma almrnlg smem of the hdickenS re d C omrade Chuma is a former freedom fighter who left Rhodesia in 1967 when he went to Zambia from where he was captured by the Special Branch of the Smith Regime. He was jailed for 18 years for being a "terrorist". He served 12 years and was released during the Lancaster House Talks. Before his imprisonment at Khami, he worked as Assistant Manager at Cold Storage Commission from 1961 to 1965. It is probably this experience that made him tobelected as the hirman of the Nemanwa Brick Moulding Project which is registered with the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture. Comrade Chuma leads 30 Youths whose age groups range from 16 to 30. Six are girls. Project Start Said the Chairman: "The Youth started Nemanwa BrickMoulding Project with a view to create employment through selfreliance, to solve problems of Youth and to create conditions for training of Youth in building and brick-moulding. We have already trained the Youths of Nyika Project in Bikita. We lent them our equipment for brick-moulding", said Comrade. Chums. Besides brick-moulding, the group engages in poultry keeping, carpentry, welding and gardening. They sell bricks, chick- en, eggs, vegetables, carpentry and welding products to the local community and to Masvingo Town. Fund Before they started the project, the youth requested money from the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture. With a government loan of $45 000 they bought cement, chicken, poultry wire and moulding equipment. Depending on the success of the project, these youths shall decide how best the governnent loan is to be repaid. The Government suplied the ground upon which Nemanwa Youth make their bricks. Zimbabwe Project donated welding and carpentry equipment while the UNDP provided them with carpentry tools. ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988 nel01-mmadin Complex Using their own funds, the Youth applied to ZESA for electricity and they bought gardening equipment such as cans, forks and hosepipes etc. Quallmed The youth members at Nemanwa Project have basic qalifications to keep their project alive and viable. Comrade Muvhimi who is responsible for gardening has obtained an agricultural certificate at Pangani Training Centre in . Chiedza Togarepi had a six months course in Welding. Zimbabwe Proect sponsored his training. Emmanuel Sigauke in charge of carpentry has done a three year course in carpentry while Dave Mutevedzi has done a building course with Zimbabwe Project in Garfield Todd's Farm at Dadaya Mission in Zvishavane. The Secretary of the Project, Comrade Tendai Nyakunhuwa trained in Secretarial studies at Eagle Train- ing Centre in Mutare. Sekai Mutasa is doing bookkeeping while Ndaziva Mupondori studies shorthand at the above college. Comrade Chuma has chosen to lead these determined youths in their endeavour to solve their problems. Progress Since the project started in 1984, the Youths managed to raise $6 000 profit after deducting $18 000 for the Youth allowances from 1986 to 1987. All this money was raised through the sale of bricks, vegetables, eggs, poultry, carpentry and welding products. The Market The local Secondary and primary schools, Masvingo Council and individuals from town are the buyers of Nemanwa Youth products. Many local people buy bricks from them for house construction. Some- Welhg Dapamnt times the Youth are hired to mould bricks at various places in the local area. They are also hired to build schools and houses at Nemanwa Growth Point and in the surrounding vicinity. Vegetables and eggs find a ready market to people with musika at the growthpoint. Some are sent to Chigudu and Mhiribidi Supermarkets in Masvingo Town. The group will start to supply the nearby Morgenster Mission with chicken and eggs next year as per agreement reached between the two parties. The local people bring scotch carts, hoes, axes and ploughs for the youth to weld. The youths also manufacture window frames. At times they are hired to do the job at the locals' homes. Hindrance The Youth group based at Nemanwa has no, car or truck to carry or deliver eggs, poultry and bricks to the town of Masvingo and to carry cement from there to their project. However the Youth said that they have already appealed to the Deputy Minister of. Youth, Sport and Culture Comrade Charles Ndlovu to secure a loan for them to buy a truck with a trailer. There have been some problems of theft by some of the members. Specifically, some Itembers have been suspended for stealing money from the customers. The chairman said that they recovered the stolen money by forfeiting allowances of those members responsible for the theft. A thief who last year tried to steal poultry was caught. The law has taken its course and he is serving a six-year jail term. Asked why he chose to lead the Youth, Comrade Chuma said, "Youths, need guidance in order to build a socialist Society. Let us try to build Socialism by instillmg respect for labour in our Youths". 0 ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUI

DEALING IN AFRICA? African Bank. When it comes to banking in Africa, no-one understands the market as well as Zimbank. Being wholly Zimbabwean and independent, Zimbank does not have to negotiate with, or request approval from, an externally based parent. That means grea1hr flexibility and speedy, professional decisions in both Zimbabwe and the rest of Africa. If you deal in inter-Africa trade, or internationally, the Zimbank team will put together the best possible competitive package on your behalf. Just call our International Division on 735011. Dealing in Africa? Speak to Zimbank. It's your best deal. It's your bank.We're here on your account. ZMBABWE BAMONG C~ttPORATItN LIMITED (Reiqsteed Commeial Bank) BARKER, MOCOiiBAC ZIM 4417 ABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988

A decent means to earn a living Comrade Me" Ciaderope "W ethoughtwe wereiaggingbehmio, so we have decided to let you know about our project" said Comrade Maggi Chaderopa, the Secretary for the Women's League in the ZANU (PF) office in Masvngo. "All the members of our project are widowed or divorced. Instead of engaging in prostitution which is really degrading, we seek to earn a living through decent means," explained Comrade Maggi. She went further: "Once women become divorced or widowed, they quite often encounter numerous social and economic problems. Finances for subsistence and for sending their children to school dwindle. So they seek advice. What shall, we do to survive? They ask and the answer is that co-operative work solves problems." The social and financial problems led to the establishment of Zvatakapiwa Cooperative in 1982. The aim of the 21 women who formed this Co-op in Masvingo was to engage in maize and groundnuts growing. Capital The initial capital which set in motion this agricultural co-operative was generated by these women from selling sadza, meat, guru and madora at places allocated by the Mas- vigo Municipality, usually at beerhalls. ch member contributed $15,00. The municipal council provided two plots of land which is in the process of being pegged by the Agritex officials. However, the pegging does not inhibit members of the co-op from continuing the land tivage. The women co-operators use their own hands to plough the land because they do not have ploughing equipment. Sometimes they lease tractors to do ploughing. This is more expensive. OCCZIM donated $17 000,00 part of which was used to buy fencing material and to sink a borehole to solve the water problem. Now to start gardening an engine to pump up some water from the borehole is needed. Proceeds "This Year we got two bags of groundnuts and 68 bags of maize (Grade 1) which we have already sent to the Grain Marketing Board. Sixty-eight maize bags total gross mass is 6 800 kg and nett mass 6 032 kg. We are still waiting to hear from them how much they are going to pay us in monetary terms," said Comrade Maggi who is also the chairperson of the Co-operative. Problems She pointed out however that "Though our project helps a lot to alleviate problems of unemployment for the widowed and the divorced, lack of adequate funding really affects us. People usually steal our maize due to lack of adequate and appropriate fencing material." In addition to these problems is the problem of sale of their products. The cooperators have this difficulty because they are not registered though they already applied for registration in 1982. "We are a viable group and we solve our problems collectively," said Comrade Maggi. To solve the problem particularly of sale of maize to the GMB, the co- operative decided to use the Chairperson's name to aPpear as if she is the individual owner of the products. Thus the chairperson has at the moment the Grain Marketing Board Registration Certificate issued in terms of Section 18 of the Grain Marketing (Registration) Act 1966. This is really a trick used by the co operators to sell their produce to the GMB. This trick was devised after the GMB refused to buy the crop of the co-operative. Now the co-op boasts of $2 000,00 in their collective co-op Bank account with Zimbank. E ZIM WAL

Increase Management Skills Training for Youth Projects ore skills Training Programmes are required to assist Youth in manag ing their projects. This is a logical conclusion reached by Comrade J. Ngwenya when he interviewed the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture's District Officer for Binga, Comrade Timothy Mpisa. The District Officer said there is great need for the Youths to be trained in Managemeat skills in order to assist their operational projects. In addition, Comrade Mpisa sees the necessity to create more Youth projects to combat the ever increasing problems of unemployment. More projects will facilitate a substantial number of the unemployed school leavers to earn a livelihood. Comrade Mpisa went on to say that the projects which have already been established are facing the problems of accounting and budgeting due to lack of skilled or trained personnel in that area. iIn Binga, there are at present nine projects which involve about 425 school leavers. Now, there are 24 proposed projects for 1989/1990 period. These proposed development projects are intended to involve 1 005 school leavers. Comrade Mpisa put the school leavers statistical figure in Binga at 5 324. Of these, 2 797 registered as Youth brigade members. ,The remaining Youth are being encouraged to join in the ranks of the 32 brigade Units in that area. Training Youth In carpentry Sponsorship Of the established Youth projects, three have been sponsored by local and foreign donors. Dobola Project depends on a$5 000 donation froin the Netherlands Embassy while Tembane Project benefits from $10 000 given by the American Embassy. The Catholic Development Commission (Cadec), Whange Diocese, assisted Sachilaba Project with fencing materials, picks, shovels and other farming equipment. On its part, the Government through the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture has organized seminars to impart to Youths basic knowledge on project planning, management, budgeting and accounting for the income generating projects. Good management will assist youth projects in their expnsion activities. This facilitates their registration as co-operatives. The Ministry of Youth,.Sport and Culture has also presently absorbed 42 Binga youths under its skills training programmes. The training encompasses building, carpentry, food-nutrition, agriculture, metal work, leatherwork and typing. Plans are in the pipeline to train some youth of Binga in motor mechanics, fitting and turning. Though government has. shown positive interest to the life of the Binga folk, it should constantly be reminded that increased management skills training for Youth projects is a priority. This will go a long way to help Dobola Youth Project involved in Agricultural Farming and Market gardening since it is presently engaged in diversification namely; it is planned to include fashion and fabrics and craft work to cater for eight girls -who are part of the cooperative membership of 22. Tembane Project with 18 members involved in brick moulding and Sachilaba Market Gardening Project would also benefit from the Management skills training programmes. With plans for the electrification of Binga on the drawing board, there is hope for the creation of more employment opportunities -for school leavers. 0] Book Review By Comrade Tichatonga Nhundu, Faculty of Education (UZ) Pamberi neEducation: New Directions for Zimbabwe Schools ompiled and published by the Zimbabwe Foundation for Education with Production (ZIMFEP), Pamberi neEducation: New Directions for Zimbabwe Schools is comprised of a collection of speeches on education made by top Zimbabwean politicians over a period of eight years, spanning from preindependence in 1978 to 1986. Pamberi ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988 neEducation, which means Forward with Education, offers more than what its title suggests. The book provides new thinking and directions for Zimbabwe's post independence education system which was initiated and experimented within Zimbabwe refugee schools during the liberation struggle. The speeches a'e carefully selected from those made by the Minister of Education, the then Deputy Prime Minister, and the then Prime Minister now President and Comrade Banana. Pamberi neEducation is divided into three sections dealing with various aspects of education. The first section deals with the ideological basis of the new educational order. The writers identify socialism as providing the required philosophical base for the proposed education system, and maintain the new educational dispensation should, in turn, inculcate a new mentality that promotes and sustains socialism. Several educational goals and objectives of a socialist oriented education have not only been identified to provide implementation guidelines, but a candid attempt was also made in this section to single out "saboteurs" of change such as teachers, central office personnel and even parents.

Section two which deals with the structure and the role of higher education in national development focuses on adult literacy, teacher education and university edrication. Two speeches on teacher education not only identify the structure of the new teacher education designed to overcome teacher shortage, but more importantly identify the qualities and role of teachers in social transformation. However, at least two substantive omissions are apparent in sections one and two. At no point in the book is vocational and technical education mentioned. Given that vocational and technical education play a central role in transformation and that all other forms of education ranging from general education to university arid adult literacy are dealt with in the book, it is surprising that the issue of vocational and technical education was not addressed and no policy guidelines provided governing the development of this form of education. Secondly, while some of the speeches cited cases where ministry officials, teachers and even parents resist change for various reasons including ignorance, archaic attitudes and deliberate sabotage, no modalities were suggested on how to deal with this problem. Nine speeches and an extract from the ruling party's election manifesto comprise the book's final section entitled "Defining Education with Production." Most of the speeches in this section are directed at marketing education with production (EWP). This is handled very well indeed. Towards the end, the structure and content of a new general education based on the concept of EWP is identified. Pamberi neEdUcadion will undoubtedly go a long way in answering critics who argue that Zimbabwe has not defined its education policy. The book is a worthy addition to the literature and practice of education for development, especially in SADCC countries where this form of education is at various stages of implementation. Although some of the speeches tend to be too dogmatic, the majority are of sufficient practical value to educationists and practitioners particularly to those in teacher education institutions, that it should be made a primary textbook in teacher preparation programmes. El For the first time in Matabeleland South Youth prepare Mass Game Display for the Heroes Day The signing of the historic Unity Accord between the two dominant political parties in Zimbabwe has paved wayfor political and cultural development. It has undoubtedly enabled youths to participate in the preparation for the National Heroes Day festivals. or the first time since independence, youths in Matabeleland South have prepared a Mass Game Display for the Heroes Day. This was organized by the Ministry of Youth, Sport and Culture in collaboration with the local authorities. Asked why in the past there was no such Game Display, the Headmaster of Gwanda Secondary School, Comrade K. Setoboli was quick in pointing out to the security issue as the most inhibiting factor. He went on to say, "However, the signing of the unity agreement between ZANU (PF) and PFZAPU created favourable conditions for the youth in Gwanda to organize a Mass Game Display. Unity has been an effective weapon to halt dissidency which was affecting Matabeleland South for some time." Some officials who refused to be named put forward different reasons why in the past there was no Mass Game Display. The issue was based on what they term a "Harare Problem", which in essence encompasses lack of a national policy for mass displays and inadequate deployment of cultural officers from the Head Offices. It is true that in the past the few cultural officers have not been able to carry out their organizational task in the Gwanda area. This shows there was no decentralization. Decentrailzaon However, the Hon. Minister of Youth, Sport and Culture Comrade D.K.M. Kwidini seems to have sensed the issue of decentralizatlion. In his Foreword on Mass Game Dispay for the 8th Independence Anniversary hesaid: Right to left: Headmaser of randa e Schoof, Comrade K. S - -!; Trai lag Manager, Comrade M..Mochh; C1a11m0, Comrad J. !adsan,; Sere-' fury,ComadeM. memi mI Ara1, Comrade . UIlhol -B iehind Sem we Be~ do Youhe maing PrePeralwn for the Hea*s Day "Mass Game Display is a highiy technical media for mass education for the government's advocated socio-political and economic policies. In persuance of our policies of decentralization it must therefore be taught to as many Zimbabwean Youths and students as possible so as to build a loyal, versatile, fit and industrious citizenry in order to supersede selfish individualism with a spirit of co-operation..." Importance of Mass Game Display Of prime importance is that the mass gan display is chronolgically informative of d past, present and future and hence foste a high degree of political consciousnes working class spirit and serve the peopl which is substantively distinctive of o aspired goals of a new society - a social society. I ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 19E

"We do not envisage a free South Africa of armless people" By our Correspondent If the Pretoria regime had hoped to frighten Professor Albie Sachs into stopping his support for the liberation of South Africa by its attempt on his life in Maputo on April 7, 1988 then as in so many things about that regime's strategies to preserve white supremacy, it has failed miserably. omrade Sachs is as firm as he ever was in his conviction that a democratic South Africa will indeed be a reality one day and he remains determined to play his part to bring that day nearer. In their typical cowardly fashion agents of the Pretoria regime booby-trapped Comrade Sachs' car so that when he unlocked the door, a bomb blew up wrecking the car and causing him extensive injuries. In the incident Comrade Sachs lost his right arm which had to be amputated above the elbow. He also suffered four broken ribs, a punctared lung and eardrum as well as the loss of sight in his left eye. He also suffered a great many body wounds caused by pieces of metal from the car. When Zimbabwe News met Comrade Sachs in London recently for an interview, he was back on his feet. He was practising diligently to write with his left hand so he could get back to work on a project very dear to his heart; drawing up a Bill of Rights for a democratic South Africa. A lawyer by training, Comrade Sachs was director of research in Mozambique's Ministry of Justice when Pretoria's assassins tried to kill him. Besides his work Ifor the Mozambique government, Comrade Sachs was a member of a high-powered ANC team of legal experts that was working on a draft constitutional proposal for a majority ruled South Africa. His special responsibility; and an issue obviously very close to his heart; was drafting a Bill of Rights Comrade Sachs thought his work on the Bill of Rights was possibly one of the reasons the Pretoria regime tried to kill him. "Sometimes I feel they really hate intellectual opposition. The answer of the majority in Pretoria's ruling circles is to simply eliminate the source of the ideas they do not like. "They like to insist racial division antagonism are inevitable and permanent. They therefore cannot bear the existence of an alternative vision of a democratic, united and non-racial South Africa," Cde. Sachs said. He stressed that the attempt on his life will in no way affect his beliefs nor what he does to make them a reality. "Naturally we will continue to project our vision," he said. "My contribution to the struggle in South Africa is as an intellectual essentially. I do not think intellectuals should be embarrassed a I , u u s w stw ov-~ - '' Professor AN". U..b.t, a laulk Afrsis fosoul dier who survived on asi - ms WNfo pt A by qamls eof Pitoftd @I i. 1 phiu, ism Coered Seal. eonval=seb ~ I@Wft is O@M m by the term. They should take it with pride and respect and make what contribution they can in this way. One letter I received after the incident spoke in forecful terms about vengeance but in my view one kind of vengeance is the history vengeance of building democracy in South Africa; not an eye for an eye and an arm for an arm. We do not envisage a free South Africa of armless people." Cde. Sachs' optimism knows no bounds and he drew inspiration from Zimbabwe. During Zimbabwe's liberation war he was teaching law at Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo when he said he gut to know many Zimbabwean patriots. "I recall the terrible price that the people of Zimbabwe had to pay to achieve their independence," he said. "But today Zimbabwe lives. The problems are great but any visitor to Zimbabwe can see progress on all sides," he added. He played down the extent of his sufferI, always preferring to talk more about oter South Africans who he said were suffering far more than himself. He said of the bomb attempt that it was an experience he hoped never to forget, "and one I hope not to repeat," he said with a smile. Asked what he remembered of the explosion, Cde. Sachs said his first memory of the incident was of the voice of a young Mozambican surgeon, Cdd. Ivo Grarrido, telling him that he was in hospital and that his arm was in a lamentable condition. Prior to hearing Cde. Garrido's voice he said he knew something terrible and hostile from the enemy had happened but did not know what. Instinctively he fought to survive, he said. When he heard Ivo Garrido's voice whom he knew, he said he felt a surge of joy. "I knew I was in the hands of Frelimo." He joked that apparantly during his concussed state he was very militant. "Quite up to the Mozambican standard of militancy," he said with a smile. Cde. Sachs paid tribute to the medical workers in Mozambique and in Britain who he said have treated him with tenderness and dedication. o] NEWS AUGUST, 1988

Text of Principles for a Peaceful Settlen in South-Western Africa T he Governments of the People's Republic of Angola, the Republic of Cuba and the Republic of South Africa have reached agreement on a set of essential principles to establish the basis for peace in the South-western region of Africa. They recognise that each of these principles is indispensable to a comprehensive settlement. A Implementation of Resolution 435/78 of the Security Council of the United Nations. The parties shall agree upon and recommend to the Secretary-General of the United Nations a date for the commencement of implementation of UNSCR 435/79. B The Governments of the People's Republic of Angola and of the Republic of South Africa shall, in conformity with the dispositions of Resolution 435/78, of the Security Council of the United Nations, cooperate with the SecretaryGeneral with a view towards ensuring the independence of Namibia through free and fair elections, abstaining from any action that could prevent the execution of said resoliltion. C Redeployment toward the North and the staged and total withdrawal of Cuban troops from the territory of the People's Republic of Angola on the basis of an agreement between the People's Republic of Angola and the Republic of Cuba and the decision of both states to solicit the on-site verification of that withdrawal by the Security Council of the United Nations. D Respect for the sovereignity, sovereign equality, and independence of States and for territorial integrity and inviolability of borders. E Non-interference in the internal affairs of States. F Abstention from the threat and utilization of force against the territorial integrity and independence of States. G The acceptance of the responsibility of States not to allow their territory to be used for acts of war, aggression, or violence against other States. H Reaffirmation of the right of the peoples of the South-western region of Africa to self-determination, independence, and equality of rights. I Verification and monitoring of compliance with the obligations resulting from the agreements that may be established. J Commitment to comply in good faith with the obligations undertaken in the agreements that may be established and to resolve the difference via negotiations. K Recognition of the role of the Permanent members of the Security Council of the United Nations as guarantors for the implementation of agreements thatma be established. L The right of each state to peace, development, and social progress. M African and international cooperation for the settlement of the problems of development of the South-western region of Africa. N Recognition of the mediating role of the Government of the United States of America. 0 Facts on Romania omania's National Day is the 23rd of August. 44 years after the victory of the workers revolution, Romania has gone through radical changes at all levels. Progress in Development The Romanian Communist Party, by creatively applying the general laws and the principles of scientific socialism to the concrete, specific conditions of that country, elaborated the policy of building the new social system in Romania, carrying on vast organizational, ideological and politicaleducative activity of building a powerful, modern national industry, of agricultural cooperativization, ensuring on this basis, the vigorous progress of science, education and culture. Chemistry grew over 1 200 times, metallurgy some 113 times, machine-building almost 500 times, and light and food industries 82 times and 32 times respectively. Similar progress has been marked in agriculture. Worth mentioning is the fact that in 1987 - the year of celebration of 25 years since the conclusion of cooperativization the biggest cereal crop in Romania ever was taken in, that is over 31 million tons. The new agrarian revolution now under way is targeted towards the intensive dbvelopment of production, the taking in of record harvests and the increase on this basis of the contribution of this branch to the general development of Romanian economy. Today over 82 per cent of the country's population lives in new houses. The number of urban localities rose from 183 in 1965 to 237 in 1988. By 2000, concomitant with the general completion of the homelands' reorganization, the housing problem will be fully settled. The ten-year education has been generalized and some 80 per cent of the young people attend 12-year education. Almost half of the country's population is enrolled in an organized form of education. The trade union and youth organizations, the women's commissions and committees, the public and professional organizations, the cooperative organizations, the Councils of working people of the nationalities, the unions of creative artists, the scientific societies, the cultural and sports associations, other organizations, including the cults, fruitfully collaborate within the Socialist Democracy and Unity Front, a broadly representative organization that stands out as a superior form of united action of the Romanian people for the homeland's development. Romanian's Foreign Policy Romanian foreign policy of wide-opening ZIMBABE._NEWS

ZlimbabwelRomani - friendly relations: The , Comrade R.G. Mugabe chaffing to Romania's President, Comrade Nlcoleau Ceausescu gives utmost importance to the issues of peace and disarmament, to the building of a world freeof weapons in which all peoples may collaborate free, in a climate of equal security for all. Romania's President Comrade Nicolie Ceausescu has always considered that the inter-state relations should be based upon the principles of equality, observance of national independence and sovereignty, noninterference in the internal affairs, mutual advantage, observance of every nation's right to freely choose its development path without any outside interference. According'to Romania's outlook, these principles have a unitary, generally compulsory character, meaning that none of them can be seen isolated or, the least so, as opposed to one another, and their sphere of action is universal. Against a background of these principles, Romania has built and amplified a system of relations at a planetary scale. Today Romania has political-economic relations with 155 socialist, developing and developed capitalists states in all continents (as compared with 67 in 1965). Romania is a member of over 80 governmental organizations, starting with the United Nations and its specialized agencies, as well as of 700 nongovernmental organizations. The Romanian Coftmunist Party has relations of collaboration with 89 communist and worker parties, 55 socialist and social-democratic parties and 66 ruling parties and political forces, other political formations, as well as national liberation movements. For the spirit of its orientation of principle, Romania pays special heed to the development of the relations of friendship and solidarity with the newly independent states, with the developing and non-aligned countries, considering that such an orientation accounts for a factor of great importance in the attainment of independence, collaboration and peace in the world. The economic exchanges with these states have developed at high pace, Romania participating in the achievement of over 130 economic projects in the developing countries, in the most varied domains of industry, agriculture, building, transportation upon mutually acceptable bases. A large number of Romanian experts in chemistry, agriculture, building, education, medicine, etc. carry on fruitful activity in those states. Starting from the mutual interest and aspirations, our country has expanded and consolidated its collaboration with those states also in the international arena, within the Group of 77, the non-aligned movement, in other international bodies. In this frame. Romania continues to declare and work for the liquidation of the last vestiges of colonialism, for consolidation of national independence and for selfdependent economic and social development of the African peoples. Consequently, the Romanian people condemn the racist and apartheid policy of the authorities in Pretoria, their aggressive military interventions against the neighbouring African states and actively backs the Namibian people's fight for independence. Romania's Bi-Lateral Relations with Zimbabwe Within the framework of the relations with the African countries, the ties between Romania and Zimbabwe have known a steady ascending development. On the occasion of celebrating the National Day, we highlight the friendly relations existing between Romania and Zimbabwe, between the Romanian Communist Party (RCP) and ZANU (PF), between the peoples of the two countries. These relations were forged and verified in difficult periods when the Zimbabwean people were waging the liberation strugg6 against the racist colonial regime and Romanians granted substantial support - political, diplomatic, material and moral. After Zimbabwe won its independence and ZANU (PF) became the ruling party, the solidarity and collaboration between the two peoples, countries and parties have entered into a new, stage. The visits to Romania of President Robert Mugabe and to Zimbabwe of President Nicolae Ceausescu were very important moments for the development of the relations between the two countries. Now we are happy to underline that during a few years we have created a solid fundamental framework cemented by the Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation, agreements of economic and technical cooperation, of long-term commerce and payments, for civil air services as well as an Agreement of cooperation between RCP and ZANU (PF) and others which have allowed to give an impetus to our relations in various fields. During the last year a positive evolution has registered economic ties which are fundamental elements of the intensification and deepening of the mutual, beneficial relations and cooperation between the two countries at the new stage of development. In 1987 Romania imported from Zimbabwe goods worth of US$3,2 million and exported products of US$3,3 million. The implementation of the project for the Sheet Glass factory in Kadoma is going well after tl ie relevant contract came into effect on 28th of April 1988. The finalization of other projects of common interest will contribute to the successful implementation of the First Five-Year National Plan of Zimbabwe as well as to fUrther development of our bilateral relations. Good relations and exchanges of delegations exist between the Parliaments, the youth, trade unions and other mass organizations of the two countries. The common stand of the two countries on international issues were highlighted during the high level meetings, within the UN and its bodies, the non-aligned movement and the Group of 77. ZIMBABWE NEWS AUGUST, 1988

Obituary: Sheila Hove C omrade Sheila Hove was born on the 26th November 1946 in Matsveru Village in the Hwedza District. She was the 6th child in a family of four boys and six girls. Comrade Hove did her Primary Education, first at Chigwedere School and Mount St. Mary's Mission, both in Hwedza District. For her Secondary education, she went to Monte Casino Secondary School where she completed two years. In 1964 she went on a Party Programme to Zambia where she was received by Comrade Ntini who was the ZANU representative in Zambia. Comrade Ntini decided that Comrade Sheila was too young and needed to continue with her education. Comrade Sheila went to stay with her brother, Comrade James Chigwedere who was working in Zambia. She decided to do nursing and went to Luashya Hospital. However, after leaving her nursing training she decided to join Barclays Bank. After leaving Barclays Bank, Comrade Sheila went to work in Rokana Mine. While working at the Mine she was elected chairperson of ZANU Youth League for the whole of the Copperbelt. In 1968, she decided to continue with her education and joined Evelyn Horn College where she did her Secretarial work. During that same year, she married Comrade Richard Chemist Hove who was working full time for the Party. Her husband was posted to London where he became the representative of the Party in the United Kingdom and Europe. Comrade Hove got a Scholarship and joined her husband in the United Kingdom, where she continued her secretarial studies in Leeds. She joined her husband who had become Secretary for External Affairs of the Party back in Zambia in 1972. She was active in the Kamwala Branch of the Party until she joined her husband in Mozambique in 1979. When she remained in Zambia Comrade Sheila Hove was looking after their three children and worked tirelessly as the sole bread winner of the family while her husband was active in the armed struggle. This tireless work, determination and an independent frame of mind characterised Comrade Sheila Hove's entire life. In 1979, Comrade Sheila Hove joined her husband in Maputo, Mozambique and stayed until she returned to Zimbabwe briefly in 1980. That same year she left with the kids for further studies in Australia and returned later to join her husband who had been appointed a Minister in the first Cabinet of the Government of an Independent Zimbabwe. She remained active in the Party and was elected Provincial Secretary of the Women's League in the . She resigned this post on account of ill health. She continued to support her husband who was elected Chairman of the Midlands Province in 1984. Beginning of 1988, Comrade Sheila Hove found herself looking after the Hove family when her husband fell ill and has been hospitalised since February this year. When she was shot, she was attending to family affairs in Gweru with the full knowledge that her husband who is still incapacitated would not be able to undertake these tasks. She is survived by her husband and four children. The Provincial Committee of the Party, after consultin; the Vice President and the President, decided to lay Comrade Sheila Hove to rest at the Provincial Heroes' Acre. The programme of the burial, which was on Saturday, 16th July, 1988, included a Church service at the Catholic Cathedral in Gweru. After the church service, the procession went to the Provincial Heroes' Acre where Party and Government leaders assembled. The President, Comrade Mugabe, gave a graveside speech in which he praised the work of Comrade Sheila Hove. The audience, which included the Party's Vice President, heard a message of condolence, read by the President, from Comrade Sally Mugabe who was attending a Conference in Bulgaria. Party, Central Committee members, Cabinet Ministers, leaders of Commerce, Industry, Mining, Farming, all sent letters of condolences to Comrade Richard Hove and his family. Comrade Hove remains in bed after his operation early in February tIis year. He, however, led all the mourners in paying respects to his wife, a Party member and a fighter for freedom of all Zimbabweans, Comrade Shiela Hove. 0 Poetry Ndakanyengedzwa Akuruma nzeve kupanga nazano Zvikoni-zvlkonl mimba halbve negsorwa Nhumbu Inhamburrirwa mbeva yakafa nebwe Bere kufamba usiku kufamba Asi rie hanganwa dzAkuhaawa nmusougora Zvlkachnzi, dai ndakaziva Ndokunge usakatungamlrirwa nendakaziva Zvonz hapana mihandara yatsiga sewe lwe ndiwe bedzl chete panylka Inl zenze tugu zvanzi ndadlwa Nenlwo ndakuda Joaya, kan. muguva ti tore Amal vanga muslngazlve kat yuwi .mnyengedzwa Mwedi mlvii diu-u weeltati hehani waro Mwaa wembeva anorwara Pamuviri tug wave anal vakazvltakura Ko mudiwa wangu ndanyaka? Ndbgyve pmo handlkmuve! Fda kumaZiara i adiwo motra asingketi Ndozviffunga mwoyo worwadza Maiwee ndatoikwa kare gonye muziso Saka zvakand ngwarfrai ngwarlai zita ri Ndakapyengedzwa. By Benson Chisesa Kuroorwa Kwangu Rwongova rwumbo rwatimba kutevera shenju Mazarema chipadze cheserima Ufunge-ufunge kutangira vanamadzimure Rirosingwi kudzipwa neganda rembada Maone-one mazamu esadza Zvikachinzi kuroorwa kwangu hakuzi kwemapoto ini Zvohudanzu-udanzu chiropa chekamba bodo Ndinoroorwa mumuchechetere Ndigobvisirwa chaidzo dzinofema Kwete kuroorwa kwechizvino-zvino Vasangana mubhawa wave Inuchato Muchato wacho zinyeke-nyeke Unenge sadza rezviyo Nokuti vanofuma vodanzurana oiromo hi seni yangu hanzvadzi Kana gumi remombe unotobvisa Nokuti ane simba ndeane chake. By Benson 71MRARWI NEWS AUGUSI

At Ethiopian Airlines we know that a smile goes a long way. On board Ethiopian you'll find miles of smiles, we like our passengers to feel at home with us. In the air and on the ground, our friendly and helpful service has carmed us our reputation as Africa's __premier airline. 67 7 4th Floor, CABS Centre, Stanley Ave Harare Phone 790705/6 or 795215/6 We hope it won't come to this... Sorry if you're having difficulty obtaining Fanbelts, Hoses or any of our other highspecification rubber products. We are doing the best we can with the very small import allocation we have received; and we're sure that in due course the situation will improve and your outstanding orders will be met. II RUBBER &ALLIED Ol~llrilIll r(PRIVAT E) RODUC LIMITE0 P.O. Box 8034, Belmont, Bulawayo Tel. 71282 1 69559

LONRHO, PART OF THE STRENGTH OF ZIMBABWE This is the underlying theme in all Lonrho's many activities within Zimbabwe. Originally a mining company, Lonrho has diversified extensively into fields as varied as forestry, agriculture, textiles and engineering, in addition to mining. All are contributing significantly towards Zimbabwe's drive for much needed foreign exchange. MINING IN ZIMBABWE Lonrho produces over one third of the Nation's gold and constant investment enables the Company to look forward to increased output in the future. THE WATTLE COMPANY LIMITED Z$11 million exports of wattle extract and coffee. LONRHO RANCHING OPERATIONS 58 000 prime cattle on six ranches - helping the C.S.C.'s beef export drive. DAVID WHITEHEAD TEXTILES LTD. Exported over Z$16 million worth of products in 1987. CRITTALL-HOPE LIMITED Steel windows and doors for construction projects, both local and in SADCC. LONRHO MOTOR INDUSTRIES LTD. Assemblers of commercial vehicles and agricultural tractors. Manufacturers of vehicle components and parts. Our purpose - self sufficiency in Zimbabwe through development and improved technology. LONRHO PART OF THE STRENGTH QF ZIMBABWE