A Color Managed Raw Workflow from Camera to Final Print
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Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Digital Imaging
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Digital Imaging Part 4 Color Representation © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, 1 NJ. All rights reserved. In this lecture, you will find answers to these questions • What is RGB color model and how does it represent colors? • What is CMY color model and how does it represent colors? • What is HSB color model and how does it represent colors? • What is color gamut? What does out-of-gamut mean? • Why can't the colors on a printout match exactly what you see on screen? © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, 2 NJ. All rights reserved. Color Models • Used to describe colors numerically, usually in terms of varying amounts of primary colors. • Common color models: – RGB – CMYK – HSB – CIE and their variants. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, 3 NJ. All rights reserved. RGB Color Model • Primary colors: – red – green – blue • Additive Color System © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, 4 NJ. All rights reserved. Additive Color System © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, 5 NJ. All rights reserved. Additive Color System of RGB • Full intensities of red + green + blue = white • Full intensities of red + green = yellow • Full intensities of green + blue = cyan • Full intensities of red + blue = magenta • Zero intensities of red , green , and blue = black • Same intensities of red , green , and blue = some kind of gray © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, 6 NJ. All rights reserved. Color Display From a standard CRT monitor screen © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, 7 NJ. All rights reserved. Color Display From a SONY Trinitron monitor screen © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken, 8 NJ. -
Computational RYB Color Model and Its Applications
IIEEJ Transactions on Image Electronics and Visual Computing Vol.5 No.2 (2017) -- Special Issue on Application-Based Image Processing Technologies -- Computational RYB Color Model and its Applications Junichi SUGITA† (Member), Tokiichiro TAKAHASHI†† (Member) †Tokyo Healthcare University, ††Tokyo Denki University/UEI Research <Summary> The red-yellow-blue (RYB) color model is a subtractive model based on pigment color mixing and is widely used in art education. In the RYB color model, red, yellow, and blue are defined as the primary colors. In this study, we apply this model to computers by formulating a conversion between the red-green-blue (RGB) and RYB color spaces. In addition, we present a class of compositing methods in the RYB color space. Moreover, we prescribe the appropriate uses of these compo- siting methods in different situations. By using RYB color compositing, paint-like compositing can be easily achieved. We also verified the effectiveness of our proposed method by using several experiments and demonstrated its application on the basis of RYB color compositing. Keywords: RYB, RGB, CMY(K), color model, color space, color compositing man perception system and computer displays, most com- 1. Introduction puter applications use the red-green-blue (RGB) color mod- Most people have had the experience of creating an arbi- el3); however, this model is not comprehensible for many trary color by mixing different color pigments on a palette or people who not trained in the RGB color model because of a canvas. The red-yellow-blue (RYB) color model proposed its use of additive color mixing. As shown in Fig. -
C9600 Printing Guide V1.0
Copyright Information Copyright © 2007 by Oki Data. All Rights Reserved Document Information ________________________________ C9600 Printing Guide P/N 59373001 Revision 3.0 February, 2007 Disclaimer__________________________________________ Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document is complete, accurate, and up-to-date. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for the results of errors beyond its control. The manufacturer also cannot guarantee that changes in software and equipment made by other manufacturers and referred to in this guide will not affect the applicability of the information in it. Mention of software products manufactured by other companies does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the manufacturer . While all reasonable efforts have been made to make this document as accurate and helpful as possible, we make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. The most up-to-date drivers and manuals are available from the web site: http://www.okiprintingsolutions.com Trademark Information _______________________________ Oki and Oki Printing Solutions are registered trademarks of Oki Electric Industry Company Ltd. Adobe and PostScript are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems. Apple, Macintosh, Mac, and Mac OS are registered trademarks of Apple Computers Inc. Hewlett-Packard, HP, and LaserJet are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company. Microsoft, MS-DOS and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks -
Basics of Color Management
Application Notes Basics of Color Management Basics of Color Management ErgoSoft AG Moosgrabenstr. 13 CH-8595 Altnau, Switzerland © 2010 ErgoSoft AG, All rights reserved. The information contained in this manual is based on information available at the time of publication and is sub- ject to change without notice. Accuracy and completeness are not warranted or guaranteed. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic me- dium or machine-readable form, without the expressed written permission of ErgoSoft AG. Brand or product names are trademarks of their respective holders. The ErgoSoft RIP is available in different editions. Therefore the description of available features in this document does not necessarily reflect the license details of your edition of the ErgoSoft RIP. For information on the features included in your edition of the ErgoSoft RIPs refer to the ErgoSoft homepage or contact your dealer. Rev. 1.1 Basics of Color Management i Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Color Spaces ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Basics ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 CMYK ....................................................................................................................................................................... -
Deep Learning-Based Color Holographic Microscopy
Deep learning-based color holographic microscopy Tairan Liu1,2,3†, Zhensong Wei1†, Yair Rivenson1,2,3†,*, Kevin de Haan1,2,3, Yibo Zhang1,2,3, Yichen Wu1,2,3, and Aydogan Ozcan1,2,3,4,* † Equally contributing authors * Corresponding authors: [email protected] ; [email protected] 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. 2Bioengineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. 3California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. 4Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. Abstract We report a framework based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) that performs high-fidelity color image reconstruction using a single hologram of a sample that is illuminated simultaneously by light at three different wavelengths. The trained network learns to eliminate missing-phase-related arti- facts, and generates an accurate color transformation for the reconstructed image. Our framework is ex- perimentally demonstrated using lung and prostate tissue sections that are labeled with different histo- logical stains. This framework is envisaged to be applicable to point-of-care histopathology, and pre- sents a significant improvement in the throughput of coherent microscopy systems given that only a sin- gle hologram of the specimen is required for accurate color imaging. 1. INTRODUCTION Histological staining of fixed, thin tissue sections mounted on glass slides is one of the fundamental steps required for the diagnoses of various medical conditions. Histological stains are used to highlight the constituent tissue parts by enhancing the colorimetric contrast of cells and subcellular components for microscopic inspection. -
Color Management Handbook
Color Management Handbook Strategies to master color management in the digital workflow. Start applying them today. ver.5 Is that really the correct color? “Is this color good to go?” — A hesitation we often have before making prints in the digital workflow. Photographer Designer Are the application settings on the monitor correctly adjusted Is the image displayed on the monitor really accurate? and does the color match the printed image? Retoucher Printer Is the photograph edited the way it was intended? Do the colors in the design comp and color proof match? 2 Color Management Handbook 3 4 Color Management Handbook Management Color 5 makes it possible to handle data smoothly. data handle to possible it makes photographic, design, and plate making stages, and making it the shared standard, standard, shared the it making and stages, making plate and design, photographic, Maintaining an awareness of the final printed color in the finished product in the the in product finished the in color printed final the of awareness an Maintaining coincide, but color management can make them approximate one another. another. one approximate them make can management color but coincide, color gamuts that can be reproduced. These two gamuts cannot be made to to made be cannot gamuts two These reproduced. be can that gamuts color printing color standard of ISO coated v2, we can tell that there is a difference in the the in difference a is there that tell can we v2, coated ISO of standard color printing work step. work If we compare the color space widely -
Fabrication of Rainbow Holograms Using SEM Based E-Beam Lithography
Fabrication of digital rainbow holograms and 3- D imaging using SEM based e-beam lithography An. Firsov,1,2,* A. Firsov,2 B. Loechel,1 A. Erko,1 A. Svintsov2 and S. Zaitsev2 1Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB), Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany 2Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow region, Russia * [email protected] Abstract: Here we present an approach for creating full-color digital rainbow holograms based on mixing three basic colors. Much like in a color TV with three luminescent points per single screen pixel, each color pixel of initial image is presented by three (R, G, B) distinct diffractive gratings in a hologram structure. Change of either duty cycle or area of the gratings are used to provide proper R, G, B intensities. Special algorithms allow one to design rather complicated 3D images (that might even be replacing each other with hologram rotation). The software developed (“RainBow”) provides stability of colorization of rotated image by means of equalizing of angular blur from gratings responsible for R, G, B basic colors. The approach based on R, G, B color synthesis allows one to fabricate gray-tone rainbow hologram containing white color what is hardly possible in traditional dot-matrix technology. Budgetary electron beam lithography based on SEM column was used to fabricate practical examples of digital rainbow hologram. The results of fabrication of large rainbow holograms from design to imprinting are presented. Advantages of the EBL in comparison to traditional optical (dot-matrix) technology is considered. -
12. Optical Data Storage
12. Optical data storage 12.1 Theory of color RGB additive color model B B Blue Magenta (0.6, 0.2, 1) (0,0,1) (1,0,1) Gray shades Cyan (g,g,g) (0,1,1) White (1,1,1) (0.6, 1, 0.7) R R Black Red (0,0,0) (1,0,0) G Green (0,1,0) (1, 0.7, 0.1) Yellow (1,1,0) G The RGB color model converts the additive color mixing system into a digital system, in which any color is represented by a point in a color tridimensional space and thus by a three coordinates vector. The coordinates are composed of the respective proportions of the primary light colors (Red, Green, Blue). The RGB model is often used by software as it requires no conversion in order to display colors on a computer screen. 169 CMY subtractive color model Y Y Yellow Green (0, 0.3, 0.9) (0,0,1) (1,0,1) Gray shades Red (g,g,g) (0,1,1) Black (1,1,1) C (0.4, 0, 0.3) C White Cyan (0,0,0) (1,0,0) M Magenta (0,1,0) (0.4, 0.8, 0) Blue (1,1,0) M The CMY color model corresponds to the subtractive color mixing system. The coordinates of a point in this color space are composed of the respective proportions of the primary filter colors (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow). The CMY model is used whenever a colored document is printed. The conversion RGB and CMY models can be written as follows: For the orange point, for example: 170 HSV color model V Green Yellow 120° 60° (37°, 0.9, 1) White H 1.0 S Cyan Red 180° 0° V Blue Magenta 240° 300° Hue is given in polar coordinate. -
Fiery Color Reference C9800 OKI Americas Inc
2Copyright Copyright Sharp AR-C360P EFI Color Reference Guide P/N 59379101, Revision 1.1 September, 2005 Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document is complete, accurate, and up-to-date. The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for the results of errors beyond its control. The manufacturer also cannot guarantee that changes in software and equipment made by other manufacturers and referred to in this guide will not affect the applicability of the information in it. Mention of software products manufactured by other companies does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the manufacturer. While all reasonable efforts have been made to make this document as accurate and helpful as possible, we make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. The most up-to-date drivers and manuals are available from the web site: http://www.sharpusa.com Copyright © 2005 Sharp Electronics Corporation and its suppliers and Electronics for Imaging, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and all rights are reserved. No part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means for any purpose without express prior written consent from Electronics for Imaging, Inc. Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Electronics for Imaging, Inc. This publication is provided in conjunction with an EFI product (the “Product”) which contains EFI software (the “Software”). The Software is furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the Software license set forth below. -
14. Color Mapping
14. Color Mapping Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Recall: RGB color model Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 691 CMY color model • The CMY color model is related to the RGB color model. •Itsbasecolorsare –cyan(C) –magenta(M) –yellow(Y) • They are arranged in a 3D Cartesian coordinate system. • The scheme is subtractive. Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 692 Subtractive color scheme • CMY color model is subtractive, i.e., adding colors makes the resulting color darker. • Application: color printers. • As it only works perfectly in theory, typically a black cartridge is added in practice (CMYK color model). Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 693 CMY color cube • All colors c that can be generated are represented by the unit cube in the 3D Cartesian coordinate system. magenta blue red black grey white cyan yellow green Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 694 CMY color cube Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 695 CMY color model Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 696 CMYK color model Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 697 Conversion • RGB -> CMY: • CMY -> RGB: Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 698 Conversion • CMY -> CMYK: • CMYK -> CMY: Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 699 HSV color model • While RGB and CMY color models have their application in hardware implementations, the HSV color model is based on properties of human perception. • Its application is for human interfaces. Jacobs University Visualization and Computer Graphics Lab Data Analytics 700 HSV color model The HSV color model also consists of 3 channels: • H: When perceiving a color, we perceive the dominant wavelength. -
Color Management Handbook
Color Management Handbook Strategies to master color management in the digital workflow. Start applying them today. ver.5 Is that really the correct color? “Is this color good to go?” — A hesitation we often have before making prints in the digital workflow. Photographer Designer Are the application settings on the monitor correctly adjusted Is the image displayed on the monitor really accurate? and does the color match the printed image? Retoucher Printer Is the photograph edited the way it was intended? Do the colors in the design comp and color proof match? 2 Color Management Handbook 3 4 Color Management Handbook Management Color 5 makes it possible to handle data smoothly. data handle to possible it makes photographic, design, and plate making stages, and making it the shared standard, standard, shared the it making and stages, making plate and design, photographic, Maintaining an awareness of the final printed color in the finished product in the the in product finished the in color printed final the of awareness an Maintaining coincide, but color management can make them approximate one another. another. one approximate them make can management color but coincide, color gamuts that can be reproduced. These two gamuts cannot be made to to made be cannot gamuts two These reproduced. be can that gamuts color printing color standard of ISO coated v2, we can tell that there is a difference in the the in difference a is there that tell can we v2, coated ISO of standard color printing work step. work If we compare the color space widely -
Got Good Color? Controlling Color Temperature in Imaging Software
Got Good Color? Controlling Color Temperature in Imaging Software When you capture an image of a specimen, you want it to look like what you saw through the eyepieces. In this article we will cover the basic concepts of color management and what you can do to make sure what you capture is as close to what you see as possible. Get a Reference Let’s define what you want to achieve: you want the image you produce on your computer screen or on the printed page to look like what you see through the eyepieces of your microscope. In order to maximize the match between these images, your system must be setup to use the same reference. White light is the primary reference that you have most control of in your imaging system. It is your responsibility to set it properly at different points in your system. Many Colors of White Although “White” sounds like a defined color, there are different shades of white. This happens because white light is made up of all wavelengths in the visible spectrum. True white light has an equal intensity at every wavelength. If any wavelength has a higher intensity than the rest, the light takes on a hue related to the dominant wavelength. A simple definition of the hue cast of white light is called “Color Temperature”. This comes from its basis in the glow of heated materials. In general the lower the temperature (in °Kelvin = C° + 273) the redder the light, the higher the temperature the bluer the light. The one standard white lighting in photography and photomicrography is 5000°K (D50) and is called daylight neutral white.