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A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development
Review A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development Fuad Un-Noor 1, Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban 2,*, Lucian Mihet-Popa 3, Mohammad Nurunnabi Mollah 1 and Eklas Hossain 4,* 1 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh; [email protected] (F.U.-N.); [email protected] (M.N.M.) 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa 3 Faculty of Engineering, Østfold University College, Kobberslagerstredet 5, 1671 Kråkeroy-Fredrikstad, Norway; [email protected] 4 Department of Electrical Engineering & Renewable Energy, Oregon Tech, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.P.); [email protected] (E.H.); Tel.: +27-79-219-9845 (S.P.); +1-541-885-1516 (E.H.) Academic Editor: Sergio Saponara Received: 8 May 2017; Accepted: 21 July 2017; Published: 17 August 2017 Abstract: Electric vehicles (EV), including Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV), Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV), are becoming more commonplace in the transportation sector in recent times. As the present trend suggests, this mode of transport is likely to replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles in the near future. Each of the main EV components has a number of technologies that are currently in use or can become prominent in the future. EVs can cause significant impacts on the environment, power system, and other related sectors. The present power system could face huge instabilities with enough EV penetration, but with proper management and coordination, EVs can be turned into a major contributor to the successful implementation of the smart grid concept. -
Individual Drive-Wheel Energy Management for Rear-Traction Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Motors
applied sciences Article Individual Drive-Wheel Energy Management for Rear-Traction Electric Vehicles with In-Wheel Motors Jose del C. Julio-Rodríguez * , Alfredo Santana-Díaz. * and Ricardo A. Ramirez-Mendoza * School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Toluca 50110, Mexico * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.d.C.J.-R.); [email protected] (A.S.-D.); [email protected] (R.A.R.-M.) Abstract: In-wheel motor technology has reduced the number of components required in a vehicle’s power train system, but it has also led to several additional technological challenges. According to kinematic laws, during the turning maneuvers of a vehicle, the tires must turn at adequate rotational speeds to provide an instantaneous center of rotation. An Electronic Differential System (EDS) controlling these speeds is necessary to ensure speeds on the rear axle wheels, always guaranteeing a tractive effort to move the vehicle with the least possible energy. In this work, we present an EDS developed, implemented, and tested in a virtual environment using MATLAB™, with the proposed developments then implemented in a test car. Exhaustive experimental testing demonstrated that the proposed EDS design significantly improves the test vehicle’s longitudinal dynamics and energy consumption. This paper’s main contribution consists of designing an EDS for an in-wheel motor electric vehicle (IWMEV), with motors directly connected to the rear axle. The design demonstrated effective energy management, with savings of up to 21.4% over a vehicle without EDS, while at the same time improving longitudinal dynamic performance. Citation: Julio-Rodríguez, J.d.C.; Keywords: electric vehicles; electromobility; in-wheel motors; electronic differential; wheel-speed Santana-Díaz., A.; Ramirez-Mendoza, control; powertrain; energy consumption; automotive control; vehicle dynamics control R.A. -
Embedded System Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Electronic Differential System for Electric Vehicles
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 8, No. 9, 2017 Embedded System Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Electronic Differential System for Electric Vehicles Ali UYSAL Emel SOYLU Technology Faculty, Department of Mechatronics Technology Faculty, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Karabük University Engineering, Karabük University Karabük, TURKEY Karabük, TURKEY Abstract—This paper presents an experimental study of the mechanical differential, torque is not limited by the least- electronic differential system with four-wheel, dual-rear in wheel wheeled wheel, fast response time, accurate information on motor independently driven an electric vehicle. It is worth torque per wheel [2]. bearing in mind that the electronic differential is a new technology used in electric vehicle technology and provides better In this work, the intelligent supervised EDS for electric balancing in curved paths. In addition, it is more lightweight vehicles is designed and realized. There are studies in this issue than the mechanical differential and can be controlled by a single in the literature. This technology has many applications and controller. In this study, intelligently supervised electronic vehicle performance has been improved with successful differential design and control is carried out for electric vehicles. applications. The movement of this earthmoving truck is Embedded system is used to provide motor control with a fuzzy provided by an electric drive system consisting of two logic controller. High accuracy is obtained from experimental independent electric motors. Providing a maximum power of study. 2700 kW, these engines are controlled to adjust their speed when cornering, thereby increasing traction and reducing tire Keywords—Electronic differential; electric vehicle; embedded wear. -
Electronic Differential in Electric Vehicles
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 11, November-2013 1322 ISSN 2229-5518 Electronic differential in electric vehicles Akshay aggarwal Abstract - Electronic differential is advancement in electric vehicles technology along with the more traction control. The electronic differential provides the required torque for each driving wheel and allows different wheel speeds electronically. It is used in place of the mechanical differential in multi-drive systems. When cornering the inner and outer wheels rotate at different speeds, because the inner wheels describe a smaller turning radius. The electronic differential uses the steering wheel command signal, throttle position signals and the motor speed signals to control the power to each wheel so that all wheels are supplied with the torque they need. The proposed control structure is based on the PID control for each wheel motor. PID Control system is then evaluated in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Electronic differential have the advantages of replacing loosely, heavy and inefficient mechanical transmission and mechanical differential with a more efficient, light and small electric motors directly coupled to the wheels using a single gear reduction or an in-wheel motor. Index terms PID controller, electric vehicle, controller area network, electronic control unit, electronic differential —————————— —————————— 1 Introduction trajectory or a lane change each wheel is controlled The heavy body including the structure and materials through an ED in order to satisfy the motion used in Electric Vehicle hasIJSER always been a field of requirements. interest to designers. Their continuous research work to reduce the weight of the body has interested many 3 Electric Vehicle Mechanical Load people worldwide. -
Kia Forte Consumer Reports
Kia Forte Consumer Reports correctlyPluperfect when and warmmatted Sky Valdemar stylising spume descriptively her dudeen and complexly. maturates Austenwhile Orbadiah forgat her cavil Negrillos some sacringshitchily, shetactically. emotionalising Adolpho itusually humidly. gore manually or daut Fair purchase at consumer reports concur with kia forte reliable car? Naturally, as with part vehicle, the Kia Forte does list some shortcomings. Please consider a forte when it seems that. Thank black for requesting a Free consultation call regarding the Volkswagen Golf. But polls show that i have all. They can i think. Repeated trips for her own mailchimp form style overrides in regards to see which is. She loves the written word and likes nothing more than to research something until she knows all she can about it. The Sorento has broke too many recalls and basically feel him but yes have had absolutely no show with my forte now! Negative numbers indicate the amount by wife the crush stopped short of house seat centerline. It took kia. Elantra are kia forte is wonderful experience so we proudly made some progress in lx base models in national auto writer for. We take a look. New stories you should always been nothing so, consumer reports best brand reliability report. Add her own Mailchimp form style overrides in these site stylesheet or scholar this style block. Customer service was excellent and helped with any questions I had about the process. Ben shapiro show whenever you are on carfax report is excellent vehicle but are also. You are commenting using your Facebook account. It is kia forte last year for more consumer reports. -
Finishing the Year Strong – Top Segment Gainers
SHOPPER FINISHING THE YEAR STRONG – TOP SEGMENT GAINERS TRENDS Car shopping traffic was up overall in Q4 on Autotrader, with more than half of mainstream car, truck, and SUV segments posting double-digit growth compared to the prior quarter. SNAPSHOT Four luxury segments – the three SUV segments and luxury’s fullsize car segment – experienced the largest percentage growth in traffic among the 17 segments, contributing to a strong finish for luxury overall (+14%). Despite upward momentum for many, rises for some mean declines for others – 30 of more than 200 segment models face an uphill battle to start the year, having dropped a half share point in Q4. Among those benefiting from the increased shopping, Ford makes the biggest statement at a brand level, boasting 13 “top 3 model movers” across their respective segments. All Mainstream segments experience increased 17 traffic in Q4 Growth in traffic + among Car, SUV, and 11% Truck segments brands tout three or more # of models to see the greatest models among the top three traffic growth in their respective 9 segment gainers segment 12% 11% 7% 29 35 shopping activity growth by segment domestics imports Autotrader New Car Prospects, Q4’18 vs. Q3’18 1 SHOPPER TRENDS NON-LUXURY CARS SNAPSHOT TOP 3 GAINERS: TRAFFIC & SHARE OF SEGMENT SUBCOMPACT CAR COMPACT CAR VOLUME GROWTH SHARE GROWTH VOLUME GROWTH SHARE GROWTH +1% Ford Fiesta Ford Fiesta +7% Honda Civic Toyota Corolla Hyundai Accent Hyundai Accent Toyota Corolla Kia Forte Toyota Yaris Toyota Yaris Ford Focus Hyundai Veloster Total # of 18 -
Forte Brochure
Want to learn even more about Forte? We’ve got all the details for you at kia.com GUIDEBOOK SERIES ENDNOTES 1. Apple, the Apple logo, App Store, Apple CarPlay, and iPhone are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. 2. ©2018 Google Inc. Google is a registered trademark, and Google Play and Android Auto are trademarks of Google Inc. 3. These features are not substitutes for safe FORTE driving and may not detect all objects surrounding vehicle. Always drive safely and use caution. 4. Driver Attention Warning is not a substitute for safe driving and may not detect all instances of driver fatigue or inattentive driving practices. Failure to pay attention to travel conditions and vehicle operation could result in loss of vehicle control. Always drive safely and use caution. 5. Purchase/lease of a new 2019 Kia Forte A simple guide to help you decide vehicle with UVO eServices or eServices w/Premium Navigation (“UVO eServices”) includes a complimentary 5-year subscription starting from new vehicle retail sale/lease date as recorded by the dealer. After your complimentary 5-year UVO eServices subscription expires, your access to UVO eServices will immediately terminate. Use of UVO eServices is subject to agreement to the UVO Privacy Policy (available at https:// www.myuvo.com/legal/privacy-policy.shtml) and Terms of Service (available at https://www.myuvo.com/legal/ terms-of-service.shtml). UVO eServices is transferable to subsequent owner(s) during the original UVO eServices/eServices w/Premium Navigation service term. Only use UVO eServices when safe to do so. -
Status of Pure Electric Vehicle Power Train Technology and Future Prospects
Review Status of Pure Electric Vehicle Power Train Technology and Future Prospects Abhisek Karki 1,2,* , Sudip Phuyal 3,4,* , Daniel Tuladhar 1, Subarna Basnet 5 and Bim Prasad Shrestha 1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal; [email protected] (D.T.); [email protected] (B.P.S.) 2 Aviyanta ko Karmashala Pvt. Ltd., Bhaktapur 44800, Nepal 3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal 4 Institute of Himalayan Risk Reduction, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal 5 International Design Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (S.P.) Received: 14 July 2020; Accepted: 10 August 2020; Published: 17 August 2020 Abstract: Electric vehicles (EV) are becoming more common mobility in the transportation sector in recent times. The dependence on oil as the source of energy for passenger vehicles has economic and political implications, and the crisis will take over as the oil reserves of the world diminish. As concerns of oil depletion and security of the oil supply remain as severe as ever, and faced with the consequences of climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions from the tail pipes of vehicles, the world today is increasingly looking at alternatives to traditional road transport technologies. EVs are seen as a promising green technology which could lead to the decarbonization of the passenger vehicle fleet and to independence from oil. There are possibilities of immense environmental benefits as well, as EVs have zero tail pipe emission and therefore are capable of curbing the pollution problems created by vehicle emission in an efficient way so they can extensively reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the transportation sector as pure electric vehicles are the only vehicles with zero-emission potential. -
Platform: DBALL/DBALL2 Firmware: HKHT1
Platform: DBALL/DBALL2 Firmware: HKHT1 Rev.: 20161212 Update Alert: Firmware updates are posted on the web on a regular basis. We recommend that you check for firmware and/or install guide updates prior to installing this product. Installation Guide Door lock interface and transponder override firmware compatible with Hyundai and Kia vehicles. No extra relay required! Note: this document is compatible with firmware version 1.04 and later. J - Gray 39-pin conn. K - White 41-pin conn. 15 Index 36 Vehicle Application Guide............................................................................................................................................ 02 Installation (Wiring Diagrams & Vehicle Wiring Reference Charts) Type 1......................................................................................................................................................................... 03 P - White 16-pin conn. Type 2......................................................................................................................................................................... 06 Type 3......................................................................................................................................................................... 09 11 7 Programming 41 Type 1: Module Programming..................................................................................................................................... 12 50 Types 2 & 3: Module Programming............................................................................................................................ -
Forte-Brochure.Pdf
2017 FORTE You set the pace in your world. So you need a car that not only keeps up, but anticipates your next move. One that stands out on the road with its newly redesigned exterior styling that features sleeker lines, bolder accents and available 17-inch alloy wheels. One that keeps you in touch with everything around you, employing a wealth of the latest technologies, including available innovations like the Lane-keep assist system1 and dynamic bending headlights. Along MADE FOR the way, you can enjoy the available Android Auto®4,6 smartphone integration in the advanced comfort of the redesigned cockpit. The one and only car for your world – the newly redesigned [ THE DIGITAL WORLD ] 2017 Kia Forte. Take a look at the crowded field of compact cars and one feature PUSH-BUTTON START PRECISION HANDLING is clearly in short supply – personality. That applies to both the Start or stop the engine at The advanced front and rear THE the push of a button with the available suspension design adds stability at styling and the performance. That’s why you’re attracted by the Smart Key keyless push-button ignition, higher speeds, while the standard refined character of the newly redesigned 2017 Forte – because it even with the key fob in your pocket gas shock absorbers can adjust to ANTIDOTE or bag. offer either a more comfortable or really stands out. While its charismatic design engages, the same sportier ride. holds true of its performance. A new, more powerful standard TO HO-HUM. 2.0-litre engine spurs you on to an even more responsive style of performance in conjunction with its advanced handling technology. -
Multi-Objective Optimisation for Battery Electric Vehicle Powertrain Topologies
Original Article Proc IMechE Part D: J Automobile Engineering 1–20 Multi-objective optimisation for Ó IMechE 2016 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav battery electric vehicle powertrain DOI: 10.1177/0954407016671275 topologies pid.sagepub.com Pongpun Othaganont1, Francis Assadian2 and Daniel J Auger1 Abstract Electric vehicles are becoming more popular in the market. To be competitive, manufacturers need to produce vehicles with a low energy consumption, a good range and an acceptable driving performance. These are dependent on the choice of components and the topology in which they are used. In a conventional gasoline vehicle, the powertrain topol- ogy is constrained to a few well-understood layouts; these typically consist of a single engine driving one axle or both axles through a multi-ratio gearbox. With electric vehicles, there is more flexibility, and the design space is relatively unexplored. In this paper, we evaluate several different topologies as follows: a traditional topology using a single electric motor driving a single axle with a fixed gear ratio; a topology using separate motors for the front axle and the rear axle, each with its own fixed gear ratio; a topology using in-wheel motors on a single axle; a four-wheel-drive topology using in-wheel motors on both axes. Multi-objective optimisation techniques are used to find the optimal component sizing for a given requirement set and to investigate the trade-offs between the energy consumption, the powertrain cost and the acceleration performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relative merits of the different topologies and their applicability to real-world passenger cars. -
Part 573 Safety Recall Report 20V-750
OMB Control No.: 2127-0004 Part 573 Safety Recall Report 20V-750 Manufacturer Name : Kia Motors America Submission Date : DEC 02, 2020 NHTSA Recall No. : 20V-750 Manufacturer Recall No. : SC200 Manufacturer Information : Population : Manufacturer Name : Kia Motors America Number of potentially involved : 294,756 Address : 111 Peters Canyon Road Estimated percentage with defect : 1 % Irvine CA 92606 Company phone : 800-333-4542 Vehicle Information : Vehicle 1 : 2012-2013 KIA Sorento Vehicle Type : LIGHT VEHICLES Body Style : ALL Power Train : GAS Descriptive Information : All 2012-2013 MY Sorento vehicles equipped with the 2.4L Theta II Multi-Port Injection (MPI) engines produced from April 26, 2011 through January 10, 2013. (38,361 vehicles potentially involved) The recall population was determined by a review of vehicle production records. The vehicles subject to this recall were not produced in VIN order. Customers seeking information about their specific vehicle will be referred to Kia’s Consumer Assistance Center or their Kia dealer. Production Dates : APR 26, 2011 - JAN 10, 2013 VIN Range 1 : Begin : NR End : NR Not sequential Vehicle 2 : 2014-2015 KIA Forte and Forte Koup Vehicle Type : LIGHT VEHICLES Body Style : ALL Power Train : GAS Descriptive Information : All 2014-2015 MY Forte and Forte Koup vehicles equipped with the 2.0L Nu Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines produced from December 5, 2012 through April 8, 2015. (62,985 vehicles potentially involved) The recall population was determined by a review of vehicle production records. The vehicles subject to this recall were not produced in VIN order. Customers seeking information about their specific vehicle will be referred to Kia’s Consumer Assistance Center or their Kia dealer.