28 April 1961 Limited Distribution

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RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON L/1453 TARIFFS AND TRADE 28 April 1961 Limited Distribution

REPORT ON THE CONSULTATION ON THE MARKETING OF BUTTER IN THE UNITEDKINGDOM

I. Introduction 1. At the request of the of New Zealand, the Council decided at its meeting on 24 March 1961Governmentthat arrangements should be made for a multilateral consultation, under the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article XXV, on the difficulties recently experienced in the marketing of butter. 2. The Council felt that this procedure was justified and urgent in view of the special character of the trade in butter and the present trend of price levels in the United Kingdom market, and also taking into account the possibility of further deterioration in the situation during the next few months. The following countries and, inter-governmental organizations were represented at the consultation which took place from 17 to 20 April 1961: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, the Union of South Africa, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the EEC, the FAO, and the OEEC. 3. Consulting countries recognized the serious long-term implications of this problem but the gravity of the present situation and the outlook for butter imports into the United Kingdom market in the near future make it necessary for governments to consider the possible adoption of urgent short-term measures in order to avoid a crisis such as the one which occurred in 1958. 4. Furthermore, this approach to the problem of the marketing of butter in the United Kingdom market should not be considered as an isolated case but as one example of the type of action that may be taken by contracting parties in the commodity field. II. The market situation

5. Butter production has risen in recent months in many western European countries in accordance with the rise in milk production which has been influenced by an early spring. Total new supplies of butter on the United Kingdom market were 405,000 tons in 1957, 460,000 in 1958, 421,000 in 1959, 453,000 in 1960. Indications are that in 1961 they may be some 5 per cent higher than in 1960. Total imports into the United Kingdom in the first three months of 1961 were higher than in the two previous years as shown in Annex B which provides relevant statistics on production, consumption and stocks. Of great importance with respect to recent developments in prices is that the level L/1453 Page 2

of stocks in the countries mainly concerned1 at the beginning of April amounted in 1958 to approximately 300,000 tons, in 1959 to 200,000 tons, in 1960 to 240,000 tons and they are estimated at 260,000 in 1961. Consumption in the United Kingdom has increased loss than the increase in total available supplies. 6. Under present circumstances it appears unlikely that exporting countries will be able to dispose of any substantial part of their supplies on markets other than the United Kingdom. Consequently, it is anticipated that under the present marketing conditions the cumulative pressure of such supplies being disposed of on the London market might result in a further reduction in prices. In fact, the present price level is already much lower than prices in effect in any other countries and is not regarded by exporters as an economic price level even for efficient producers. III. Analysis of contributing factors 7. The countries represented have considered the elements contributing to the decline in the price level, and have agreed to the following analysis:

(a) Supply has increased more than demand and as a result of the free play of the law of supply and demand on the London market there has been a serious drop in prices. The uncertainty in the market is further aggravated by the existence of unusual stocks in a number of countries which might find an outlet on the United Kingdom market. (b) In recent years there has been an upward trend in the level of total supplies. The small suppliers have on the whole delivered more significant quantities and have taken a greater share of the United Kingdom market. (c) Although prices received on the London market are regarded by exporters, even the most efficient producers, as uneconomic, supplies have continued at a high level. This situation cannot be maintained in the long run without some form of government support or reduction in farm income or both. The price and marketing policies of many countries have involved increased sales on the United Kingdom market at heavily subsidized prices. (d) The United Kingdom is the only significant market without quanti- tative import restrictions of general application on butter. No measures arc applied to control prices on the market.

1Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States. L/1453 Page 3

IV. Conclusions and proposals 8. The representatives of participating governments drow special attention to the fact that certain Articles of the General Agreement, notably Article VI and Article XVI, in particular paragraph 3, could be applied to certain aspects of the present situation. The representatives of consulting governments noted tho conclusions and proposals made by the OEEC Committee of Deputies at their meeting on 13-14 April 1961 which are included in paragraphs 11 and 12 of the report attached as Annex A to this report. As noted in Section I above, the representatives of consulting governments recognize the urgency of the present situation and consider that, apart from any steps that might be taken in terns of specific provisions of the General Agreement, the OEEC proposals which aim at improving market conditions should be regarded as a guide for governments in defining their policies with respect to the marketing of butter. 9. The consulting countries stressed that the suggestions referred to in Annex A should not be construed in such a manner as to weaken the rights or obligations of contracting parties under Articles VI or XVI of the General Agreement. The consulting countries suggest that the CONTRACTING PARTIES at their eighteenth session should consider action taken in accordance with these rocommendations and the means by which conditions in the butter market could be kept under review. - -1 ANNEXA

ORGANISATION FOR EUROPEAN ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION C O P Y Paris, 15 April 1961 Original: French

Report by the Committee of Deputies of the Ministers of Agriculture and Food on the Situation of the Dairy Products Market

The attached report was adopted by the Committee of Deputies of the Ministers for Agriculture and Food at its thirty-third session (13-14 April 1961). - 2 -

THE MARET FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS (December 1960 to April 1961 and Prospects)

1.. The following is a description of the market situation for dairy products since November 1960 and an appraisal of outlooks for the coming months. Milk 2. Weather conditions have, as a whole, been favourable to milk production with in general a mild winter in most European countries; this, together with abundant forage, though in some cases of an inferior quality (notably hay in Sweden) and an early spring almost everywhere has resulted in a high production of milk. Production for the four months in question was especially higher than in the comparable months a year earlier in France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland and the Netherlands showed, on the other hand, some decline in relation to a year earlier. The drop was, in the cases of Sweden and Switzerland, due mainly to the bad quality of forage but also to decreasing cow numbers in the former; in the case of Denmark due to low remuneration of milk production. Butter 3. Butter production rose over the months in question in accordance with the rise in milk production, especially in France, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Of greater importance are, however, the large stocks of butter held now in a number of countries. At 1 March 1961, these stocks, although lower than in 1958, were thus for twelve OEEC countries 24,900 tons above the preceding year and almost double the stocks of 1959 at the same date. It is especially in France and in the United Kingdom that stocks are heavier than a year ago. 4. The seasonal increase in production which has come earlier than usual is now being felt in most countries. This may further aggravate the situation and it is feared that the Londonmarket may soon be overloaded once more with increasing butter supplies. There seems little prospect for exporters to find outlets for their butter on other markets than the United Kingdom in - 3- the foreseeable future. The German market is generally closed except for small quantities which were imported from Belgium and which will be imported from France to the Saar. The Italian market is closed for imports. Switzerland may still import small quantities of butter for cooking. 5. Danish and other butter prices on the London market were already in 1960 at a relatively low level. The decline was accentuated in the second quarter and again in the first quarter of 1961 for Australian and New Zealand butter. Danish butter prices showed a corresponding decline in the second quarter of 1960; they moved up again in the third quarter but went down recently so that the present level is only about 17 per cent higher than the very low level attained in March 1958. Dutch butter showed the same decline recently as that of Danish butter.

6. Denmark has over recent months found outlets on third country markets, resulting in correspondingly smaller exports to the United Kingdom market; Denmark will now resume normal export to the United Kingdom market for the months to come, having regard to seasonal increases. The Netherlands expects to produce less and to consume more butter than in 1960, thereby reducing their available exports. France is expecting to have substantial quantities to export; Sweden, Norway and Austria will also have small exportable surpluses again this summer although less than in 1960. 7. Due to the development of production in both OEEC and non-OEEC countries it is anticipated that total availabilities on the United Kingdom market will be about 5 per cent higher in 1961 than in 1960, subject to the position of France. Milk powder

8. Increased quantities of full cream powder have arrived on the United Kingdom market recently. Some has been offered at prices lower than those of the main suppliers; this has caused some instability on the market and, as a consequence, the Netherlands has recently introduced an export subsidy. Imports of full cream milk powder into Germany are now subject to a minimum price at the border. Supplies of skim milk powder are rather abundant although consumption, notably for feed, has increased. -4-

CONCLUSIONS AND PROPOSALS

9. From the discussion in the Working Party, summarized in the above paragraphs, it appears that the situation on the international market has deteriorated in the last few weeks and the short-term outlook for butter production suggests that the pressure on the United Kingdom market,the only market which remains open, is in danger of increasing if greater efforts to limit exports to this market are not made by all exporting countries. 10. In those conditions, the Committee of Deputies considers it important to draw the attention of Governments to the situation and to invite them to take or strengthen all such measures as may avoid a crisis on the butter market. 11. The Committee recalls in this connexion: (a) the Recommendation made in similar conditions, in 1958, by the Council of the Organisation, namely (i) to promote increased consumption of milk and dairy products by such measures as propaganda, free or cheap distribution. (ii) to raise butter consumption in particular, especially by reducing the retain price and charging special prices for refrigerated butter. (iii)as far as the exporting countries are concerned, to restrict as far as possible the supply of subsidized butter on the international market, especially by taking steps to dispose on their home markets of all or part of the surplus which threatens to flood the market. To this end, no slew subsidies should be granted for the export of butter and the existing subsidies should be cut. -5 -

(iv) as far as importing countries which protect their markets are concerned, to bear in mind the effects which their import restrictions have on prices on the markets which remain open, to refrain from reinforcing such restrictions and to relax them as early as possible, with a view to the progressive improvement and restoration of the trade situation.

(b) the Recommendations made by it in September 1960 under which - (i) OEEC countries which are not traditional suppliers of butter to the United Kingdom market were invited to avoid exporting - directly as well as indirectly - to that market. (ii) OEEC countries which are traditional marginal butter suppliers to the United Kingdom market were invited to export only normal quantities to that market and thus endeavour to reduce the present gap between their butter prices and prices quoted by the main suppliers on that market.

(iii) OEEC countries which are important traditional suppliers were invited also to endeavour not to exceed the quantities normally exported in this period to the United Kingdom market.

(iv) greater efforts should be made to increase sales on the home market, notably by price reductions for consumers as a whole or for certain groups of consumers. The incorporation of more butter fat in liquid milk and dairy products should be contemplated if this is calculated to bring about greater total consumption of milk fat. (v) at the same time, in order that efforts of Member countries to deal with the situation are not nullified by abnormal sales on the United Kingdom market, as the main importing country, it was invited to discuss this understanding with other countries supplying butter to that market who are not Members of the Organisation. 12. The fast that these Recommendations are recalled, and in particular those which concern the restraint on sales to the United Kingdom market, should not be considered as tending to freeze the former export positions and does not prejudge future developments in the respective positions of the various exporters on the United Kingdom market. However, even if the Recommendations cannot be interpreted in too rigid a way, they should continue through the coming months to be the guide to governments in their efforts to stabilize the market. -6-

13. The Committee of Deputies has noted that in a number of countries serious efforts have been made following these Recommendations from the short-term point of view, as well as giving a lead to national dairy policies bearing in mind especially the possibilities for the outlets of production.

It is noted with satisfaction that, in addition to measures previously mentioned in its previous Reports, statements were made at the 33rd session confirming the goodwill and co-operation of Member countries in this matter.

According to their statements, the following measures have been or are proposed to be taken by Governments in order to relieve the butter market. In Ireland, direct participation by producers in the financing of losses of butter exports is now legally compulsory. This country has further decided to reduce her exports to the United Kingdom over the coming two months; a considerable part of exports is estimated to be going to Northern Ireland. Ireland has also taken steps to divert milk from butter to other productions. Austria has recently increased the fat content of cream and yoghourt and the fat content of butter has been raised by 2 per cent while the fat content of bottled milk has been brought up from 3.2 to 3.6 per cent. (About half the liquid milk sold is bottled.) In Norway it is intended to continue the scheme of butter sales at reduced prices for farmers and social Institutions. It is further proposed in that country to mix butter with margarine; such butter could be sold to margarine factories at export prices. Switzerland has, since the autumn of 1960, increased the deduction from the guaranteed price. France, for the first time, as from 1 April, is making producers pay a levy of NF 0.015 per litre (or about 5 per cent of the milk price) for the disposal of surpluses. She will be limiting her exports to the United Kingdom market and strengthening her control on sales in order to avoid underbidding in relation to the prices charged by important traditional exporters. In Germany it has been possible to dispose of the heavy stocks accumulated during the summer of 1960 (about 50,000 tons) at home without disturbing the foreign market; this operation, however, brought with it a decrease in the price of milk and butter to producers. A number of countries including those mentioned above, have stated that they will continue and, in some cases, strengthen measures already in force with regard to alleviating the situation on the butter market.

14. The Committee of Deputies intends to follow in a continuing way the development of the butter market during the coming months; it recommends that Member countries should be invited to report monthly from 15 May and until further notice, on the development of the situation quantities exported or imported, the prices in force as well as on internal measures designed to promote consumption. -7-

15. It expresses the wish that appropriate measures should be taken in order that those non-Member countries which are important exporters of butter to the British market should be associated with this action to stabilize the market and that the United Kingdom should be invited to continue to co-operate in ensuring that the efforts made by Member countries should not be rendered ineffective by the lack of co-operation of non-Member countries. The Committee of Deputies is in fact informed that consultations concerning this problem will take place shortly in GATT.

Lacking such arrangements, certain countries might not continue to exercise a restraint which, in the end, would only serve the interests of those countries which did not comply. 16. Finally, the Committee of Deputies wishes to emphasize that the measures recommended above can only be considered as dealing with the present difficulties. In a more long-term context, countries should pursue their efforts to adapt their dairy policies in the light of the present and foreseeable surplus situation, in line with the Recommendations of the 4th Report of the Ministerial Committee for Agriculture and Food, and in particular, with those aiming at:

- continually encouraging the consumption of milk and dairy products; - limiting guarantees to milk producers;

- encouraging farmers to shift from dairying to the production of other commodities for which market prospects may be better;

- limiting aids to exports and relaxing import restrictions; seeking new outlets for surpluses by welfare distributions on the home market and abroad. It is more necessary than ever that this surplus situation should be brought home to producers and that the guaranteed or supported prices which they receive should be influenced by the volume of production. Otherwise, the dairy produce market is in danger of continuing in a state of depression. ANNEXI/ANNEXE I Table I/Tableau I MILK/LAIT MonthlyDeliveries (in 000 M.T.) and Changes in % in comparison ._.. with the same months of the preceding year Livraisons mensuelles (en milliers de T.M.) et variations %)(en par rapport aux m,mes mois de l'ann6e pr6c6dente

December/D6cembre January/Janvier February/F6vrier March/Mars Coutry/Pays 1960 1961 1961 1961 000 M.T./ % of/de 000 M.T./ % of/de 000 M.T./ % of/de 000 M.T./ % of/de T.M. 1959 T.M. 1960 T.M. 1960 T.M. 1960

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I Norway/Norvège 87.8 ± 0 93.6 + 3 97.0 ± 0 116.5 ± 0 Sweden/Suède 218.0 - 7 229.6 - 5 218.0 - 7 262.0 - 4 Denmark/Danemark 300.8 - 7.1 395.3 - 4.1 342.5 - 3.6 385.0 - 4 United Kingdom/ Royaume-Uni 935.0 + 5 949.0 + 3 895.0 - 1 (1073) + 4 Ireland/Irlande 26.3 + 25 16.,. + 12 19.4 + 13 45.5 + 13 Switzerland/Suisee 142.0 - 6.5 157,0 - 6.8 - - 10.5 - - 7.0 Austria/Autriche 120.0 + 3.4 129.0 + 4.4 124 + 2.5 136 + 3.8

Germany/Allemagne 1,019.4 + 2.1 1,082.3 + 2.1 1,064.0 + 3.7 1,303.4 + 3 Belgium/Belgique 131.0 + 9 121.0 + 4 131.7 + 5 165.6 + 6.4 France + 14.8 + 10.5 + 7 n / Netherlands/Pays-Bas 380.0 - 5 376.0 - 4 392.0 4 552.0 - 4 Portugal 12.4 0 n.a./ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~n. d. - 2 n.a.n.d. - 2 ANNEXI/ANNEXEITable II/Tableau II BUTTER/BEUTRE with the same months ofandthe preceding year Production in mensuelle milliers de et % MonthlyProduction (en(inM.T.) T.M.) variations incomparison Changes (en %) par rapport aux m8mes mois de l'ann6e pr6c6dente

December/D6cembre January/Janvier February/F6vrier March/Mars Country/Pays 1960 1961 1961 1961 000 M.T,/ % of/de 000 M.T./ % of/de 000 M.T./ % of/de 000 M.T./ % of/de T.M. 1959 T.M. 1960 T.M. 1960 T.M. 1960

Norway/Norvège 0.7 - 11 1.0 - 9 1.0 -10 1.4 - 10 Sweden/Suède 4.6 - 9 5.0 - 8 4.5 -10 5.6 - 9 Denmark/Danemark 10.4 - 6.6 13.5 - 4.4 11.4 - 5.9 15.0 - 6 United Kingdom/ Royaume-Uni 2.3 + 92 3.1 + 48 5.1 + 19 4.5 + 10 Ireland/Irlande 1.1 + 45 o.6 + 34 0.7 + 25 1.4 + 15 Switzerland/Suisse 1.6 - 30 2.0 - 25 2.0 - 28 2.5 - 15 Austria/Autriche 2.5 + 8.7 2.6 + 4 2.4 - 1 2.5 - 1 Germany/Allemagne 30.0 + 6. . 32.3 + 6.0 30.5 + 5.1 37.3p + 3.7 Belgium/Belgique 3.0 + 9.7 2.9 + 10 3.2 + 8 3.9 + 5.0 France

Netherlands/Pays-Bas 4.4 - 23 3.9 - 27 4.0 24 5.8 - 29 'I'd ~4 ,x CD t 0 "- CD C ~

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ANNEX I/ANNEXEI

Table IV/Tableau IV

Butter Prices at the London Provision Exchange/ Prix du beurre à Londres (London Provision Exchange) 1958, 1959 & 1960 (Best quality, salted/Meilleure qualit6, sal6)

Danish/Danois New Zealand/N6o-Z6landais s. d. s. d. 1958 January/Janvier 286 0 255 9 February/F6vrier 261 0 240 5 March/Mars 255 7 232 6 April/Avril 226 1 210 0 May/Mai 221 8 206 0 June/Juin 221 2 207 5 July/Juillet 234 6 222 5 August/Août 262 10 235 0 September/Septembre 289 2 235 0 October/Octobre 306 10 240 6 November/Novembre 349 1 264 10 December/D6cembre 366 0 286 8 1959 January/Janvier 367 11 290 0 February/F6vrier 348 10 290 0 March/Mars 333 0 290 0 April/Avril 301 11 290 0 May/Mai 305 6 299 5 June/Juin 337 9 329 3 July/Juillet 3f5 6 354 1 August/Août 408 2 372 4 September/Septembre 427 5 392 0 October/Octobre 451 2 398 0 November/Novembre 488 4 410 0 December/D6cembre 452 10 410 0 1960 January/Janvier 423 3 407 7 February/F6vrier 362 5 359 7 March/Mars 337 0 331 6 April/Avril. 293 10 290 10 May/Mai 293 0 290 0 June/Juin 298 6 293 7 July/Juillet 322 2 309 7 August/Août 320 8 305 7 September/Septembre 297 8 1 283 3 October/Octobre 327 0 289 10 November/Novembre 336 4 287 8 December/D6cembe 336 3 280 0 Note: Quotations are monthly averages at the stage of sales from importer to wholesaler./Les prix cot6s sont des moyennes mensuelles des cours pratiqu6s au stade de la vente par l'importateur ou grossiste. ANNEX I/ANNEXE I Table V/Tableau V Butter Prices on the London Provision Exchange (March-April 1961) (in shillings per cwt.)/ Prix du beurre à Londres (London Provision Exchange) en mars-avril 1961 (en shillings par cwt.)

New Zeal. Danish Austral. Argentine Dutch Austrian Hungarian Polish French "Finest"/ ex quay/ "choicest" unsalted unsalted unsalted ex quay/ ex quay/ ex quay N6o-Z6ld. Danois ex quay/ ex quay ex quay/ Hongrois Polonais cold "Finest" ex quai Argentin (cartons)/ Autrich. ex quai ex quai stored/ non sal6 Holland. non sal6 Frangais ex quai non sal6 ex quai ex quai ex quai beurre de cartons) frigorif.

2 mars 250 335 - 247 235 - 320 240 240 239 235 - H 337 239 240 N)

9 mars 250 335 - 247 239 - 320 243 243 242 337 240

16 mars 250 336 - 247 246 244 240 337 249 246 244 245 23 mars 250 249 248 290 250 250 249 243 - 245 249 fresh 6 avril 250 306 249 260 290 260 258 6~~~~ av. 25 _0 602 ANNEX I/ANNEXE I Table VI/Tableau VI CHEESE/FROMAGE Monthly production (in 000 M.T.) and Changes in % in comparison with the same months of the preceding year/ Production mensuelle (en 000 TM) et variations (en %) par rapport aux mêmes mois de l'ann6e pr6c6dente

December 1960/ January 1961/ February 1961/ March 1961/ D6cembre 1960 Janvier 1961 F6vrier 1961 Mars 1961

000 M.T./ %of 000 M.T/ %of 000 M.T / % of 000 M.TJ % of TM. 1959/ T.M. 1960/ TM. 1960/ T.M. 1960/ % de % de % de % de 1959 1960 1960 1960 Norway/Norvège 2,1 + 1 2.5 - 1 2.8 + O 3.9 O Sweden/Suède 3.1 - 23 3.4 - 17 3.2 - 13 4.°o 9 Denmark/Danemark 6.1 - 5.7 8.3 - 4,4 7.3 - 1 9.1 + 2 United Kingdom/ Royaume-Uni Ireland/Irlande ... - 43 - 0.1 _O Switzerland/ Suisse _+ 0.5 Austria/Autriche 1.7 + 13.3 1.9 + 5.5 1.8 0 2.1 + 5 Germany/Allemagne 11.0 - 0.8 11.5 + 5 10.8 + 6 12.0 + 6 Belgium/Belgique 1.6 +21 1.5 + 20 1.6 + 20 1.9 +15 France Netherlands/ Pays-Bas 11.7 - 5 10.7 - 3 10.5 + 7 16.0 0 - 14 - ANNEX I/ANNEXE I Table VII/Tableau VII Butter Imports on the United Kingdom Market/Importations de beurre sur le march6du Royaume-Uni (thousand metric tons/milliers de tonnes m6triques)

F6vrier SOURCE November/Novembre December/D6cembre January/Janvier February/, 1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 1959 1960 1961 1959 19 60 Australia/Australie 5.9 2.9 3.9 8.9 9.1 8.0 7.5 8.5 6.7 9.9 11 .2 8.6 Kenya - - - - - 0.1 ... 0.1 0.1 - _ 0.1 New Zealand/Nouvelle-Z6lande 15.4 12.9 18.1 16.6 15.5 18.7 18.1 17.7 14.9 13.9 17 .4 16.7 Nigeria/Nig6ria - - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 0.1 - South Africa/Afrique du Sud - - - - - 0.1 _ ... 0.2 - - 0.5 Canada - 4.4 - 1.6 - - - - Ireland/Irlande 0.5 ... 0.9 0.4 * 1.5 0.3 * 1.9 0.2 0 .1 1.6 Austria/Autriche 0.2 ... 0.5 0.2 ... 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 .2 0.3 Belgium/Balgique - - - - - 0.2 Denmark/Danemark 4.8 6.0 6.1 6.5 5.2 5.4 6.3 5.9 7.5 4.4 7 .6 6.1 France 1.0 ... 0.7 ... 0.3 0.2 *' 2.3 0.1 * 1.6 Netherlands/Pays-Bas 1.7 o.8 1.3 1.2 0.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.2 0.9 0 .5 1.0 Norway/Norvège 0.4 0.1 ... 0.2 ...... 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0 .3 ... Sweden/Suède - - 0.4 - - 0.1 - - - Italy/Italie 0.1 ------Germany (F.R.)/Allemagne (R.F.) - - - - ...... - - ... - Finland/Finlande 0.3 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.4 1..6 0.7 Hungary/Hongrie ...... 0.2 - *-- 0.3 ...... 0.1 0.5 0.*3 0.1 Poland/Pologne 0.7 o.6 2.1 1.4 0.5 1.7 1.1 0.7 0.9 1.3 2..1 1.2

United States/Etats-Unis - 1.3 - - 0.5 - ...... _ Argentina/Argentine - 1.2 1.7 - 1.0 2.3 0.4 1.5 3.5 1.9 1..1 3.2

Uruguay - - - - - 0.1 - - 0.1 -

China/Chine 0.1 ... 0.1 - - 0.1 ... - 0.2 U.S.S.R./U.R.S.S. - - - - 0.2 - - - - - 3 41.8 TOTAL 31.3 31.4 36.3 36.5 34.8 41.2 36.4 37.2 40.7 35.0 42.,5 41.8 1 Note: Where totals do not tally, it is due to the rounding of figures/Une difference dans les totaux doit être imput6e à l'arrondissement des chiffres. -15-

ANNEX B - ANNEXE B

PERTINENT STATISTICS ON BUTTER (Ref. Part II paragraph 5) STATISTIQUES CONCERNANT LE BEURRE (cf. Section lI, paragraphe 5)

Table of contents---Table des matières Pages (1) Supplies of butter on the United Kingdom market, quarterly data 1958-61 I. FourniItures do bourre sur le march6 du Royauce-Uni, chiffres trimastroels, 1958-61 I. 16 (2) Share of the principal exporters in the United Kingdom imports of butter, 1958-61 I. 17 Part des principaux exportateurs dans les importations de beurre du Royaum-Uni, 1958-61 I. (3) Prices of butter - Prix du bourre (a) London exchange quotations - Cours des produIts alimentaires à la Bourse de Londres 18 (b) Wholesale prices in selected countries - Prix de gros dans certains pays 19

(4) Exports of butter from selected countries by main destinations, 1958-60. 20,21 Exportations de beurre de certain rays par principalos destinations, 1958-60. 2 (5) Production of milk and butter in selected countries, 1957-60. 22 Production de lait et de beurre dans certains pays, 1957-60.

(6) Stocks of butter in selected countries, by quarters, April 1958-AprIl 1961. 23 Stocks de beurre dans certains pays, par trimostres, avril 1958-avril 1961. Table I -TableauI PRODUCTION, IMPORTS. DISAPPEARANCE AND STOCKS OF BUTTER IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (thousand metric tons) PRODUCTION,(IMPORTATIONS, CONSONATION APPARENTE ET STOCKS DE BEURRE AU ROYAUME-UN.) (en milliers de tonnes m6triques)

1 9 5 8 I 9 5 9 1960 1961 Quarters - Trimestres I 1i III IV I 11 III IV I I if I _ I IV I ._ Home production Production nationale 8.4 14.2 6.1 1,5 1.6 8.5 2.3 1.7 7.0 14.4 9.1 7.6 9.8 - Imports Importations 1)7.4 111.6 I 101.5 99.2 115.7 106.6 90.2 94.7 118.7 107.4 81.1 107.7 126.0 a; Total newsupplies I Total des arrivages 125,8 125.8 107.6 100.7 117.3 115.1 92.5 96.4 125.7 121.8 90.2 115.3 135.8 Disappearance Consommation apparente 90.1 129.2 123.6 121.2 109.3 116.8 105.0 111.4 92.4 112.7 110.2 121.1 114.5 Closing stock Stocks à la fin du 71.8 68.4 52.3 trimestre" 31.8 39.8 38.1 25.7 10.8 44.1 53.2 33.2 27,4 48.7

In cold store - En frigorifique Source: United Kingdom Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Table2 - Tableau 2 SHARE OF THE PRINCIPAL EXPORTERS IN THE UNlTED KINGDOM IMPORTS OF BUTTER (percent of total volume of imports into the United Kingdom) PART DES PRINCIPAUX EXPORTATEURS DAS LES IMPORTATIONS DEBEURRE DU ROYAUME-UNI (pour cent du volume des importations totales dans le Royaune-Uni) i I I Quarters - Trimestras 1958 1959 1960 I 9 5 9 1 9 6 0 1961 _ , _ , . .. . ,._ . . . I I III _...- .JJL_.! _ I,,,_,,II .IV1IV New Zealand - Nouvelle-Z6lande 40.? 40.5 36.0 16.6 31.1 41.3 42.8 43.1 27.5 25.3 44.9 38.4 Australia - Australie 11.7 16.0 14.3 22.8 13.9 15.5 21.1 Ireland- *10.1 12.7 9.0 12.3 18.5 Irlande 3.8 0.2 1.8 0.6 - 0.1 0.1 3.5 Kenya (.i 0.9 3.0 4.3 0.4 0.2 ..3 - 0.3 0,5 0.1 0.2 - 0,2 Other Commonwealth countries 0.9 0.2 Autres pays du Commonwealth 0.2 1.6 0.1 - 0.1 - 6.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 Denmark - Danemark 22.6 23.6 24.1 14.8 33.1 28.5 19.4 18.9 31.5 31.1 16.9 16.5 Netherlands -Pays-Bas 7.0 3.4 4.2 2.5 4.8 3.8 2.5 1.7 4.4 7.2 4.6 2.6 I. Argentina - Argentine 1.1 3.6 3.8 4.4 4.3 1.5 3.7 3.8 3.6 2.5 5.0 Poland - 8.1 Pologne 3.7 4.1 5.3 3.6 4.7 6.7 1.7 4.4 5.8 6.0 6..1 - 2.5 Finland Finlande 3.2 3.0 5.4 2.7 3.5 3.4 2.2 3.5 7.9 7.5 3.6 1.8 Sveden - Suède 2.8 1.0 1.8 1.6 0.9 Austria - Autriche 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.7 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.5 France 0.2 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.8 0.4 4.? Nornay - Norvège 0.5 0.6 1,2 0.1 1.5 1.1 0.3 M1. 2.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 Hungary - Hongrie 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.8 Other countries - Autres 0.2 pays 0.6 1.8 0.4 0.3 0.6 2.4 4.7 0.6 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.6 ITotal imports 100.0 100.0 Importations totals 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 L...... - . .1 _ . _'.. ., . J..-I _ I----- _ _ January-Februar Janvier-fiv.lr

Source: Accounts rolating to Trade and Havleatlon of th9 United Kingdoa and Intell ence lletin. Table 3 - PRICES OF BUTTER/PRIX DUBEURRE (a) London Provision ExchangeQuotatlons/Cours Bourse des à produits alimentaires de Londres-- (shillings per cwt,)

; 12 Apr. 2 Har. 2 Feb. 5 Jan. I Dec. 27 Oct. 28 July 28 Apr. 28 Jan. end Oct. 1961 1961 end-July end Apr. end Jan.1 1961 1961 1960 1960 1960 1960 1960 1959 1959 195S 1959 New Zealand/N6o-z6landais finest grade/qualit6 extra 250 250 260 280 280 290 310 290 390-410 410 first grade/première qualit6 249 360 290 290 249 259 229 279 289 309 289 389-409 409 359 289 289 Australian/Australien choicest grade/qualit6 extra 249 247 257 275 285 first au5 30? 28? 389-409 409 359 288-289 289 grade/premièbre quail6d 248 246 256 274 274 284 306 286 388-408 second grade/deuxèbse quali6y 408 358 287-288 288 245 242 252 268 260-262 276 303 283 385-405 405 355 as;try grade/quall6e patisièbre 240 235 240 285 286 255 255 270 299 279 381 401 351 281 280-284 _ Flnolsh/Flnlandals 278 308 368 368 3C8 303 288 280-281 365 Danish/Danois - ex quay/3 Qu31 305-307 335-337 335-337 336-337 335-337 330-337 322-324 292-294 393-395 468-472 392-394 298-300 366-369 1 Dutch unsalted, ox quay 320 _ * Hollandals non salE, I qual 290 - - 298 290 290-295 290 - 327 358 Polish unsalted, ex quay 258 239 __. Polnals non said, A qual 0. 275 287-288 - 275 374-376 286-288 279-280 Argentine 92 score Argentfn titre 92 255-258 236-24) 230-242 Table 3 (continued) - Tableau 3 (suite) at (b) Wholesale-prices certain markets/Prix de gros sur certalns march6s _-(Ash-11linne. . - .._ -nnr- - '-.t- - - I- I .. . March Jan. Oct July April Jan. Oct. July April Jan. Mars Jan. Oct. Juil. Avril Jan. Oct. Juil. Avril Jan. 1961 1961 1960 1960 . 1960 1960 1959 1959 Australia - Australie .~~ ~~ ~16 .96 196 195 1959 1959 rhat . . . 18L.4t_ C.."I .n bourre ler choix, Sydney 401 401 401 3884 3384 3884 3884 3884 3884 3884 Finland - Finlande creamery butter - beurre laitier 4864 4864 486½ 486½ 4864 4864 4861 465i 465i 4651 Ireland - Irlande creamery butter, Dublin beurre laitier, Dublin 4661 4661 466½ 466½ 466½ 438½ 4384 4384 4384 4382 Denaark Danemark quotation, Copenhagen 368 315 305 2784 2784 368 394 315 315 315 Netherlands Pays-Bas creamery butter ex-factory beurre laitier à la fabrique 345 3274 ,, 333 4164 4974 400 3044 335 A France Charentes creamery butter, Paris Laiterfes de Charentes, Paris 5184 588 581 5514 537 669 6531 566 515 551i Gerany, F.R. - Allemagne, R.F. Narkenbutter, Kempten beurre de marque, Keepten 544 5054 493 4B4 494 5184 557 527 5314 5311 Belgium - Belgique Hasseit 623 628 605 502 592 6414 644 589 588 638 United States - Etats-Unis 92 score creamery, New York 92 points lalierle, New-York 490 489 493 469 471 471 507 473 470 471 Canada 1st grade creamery jobbing quotations, Montreal lère quallt6 laiterle cours demi-gros, Montr6al 5174 520 517 512 529 537 537 525 519 529 Source: Coaonvealth Economic Comittee, London - 20 - Table 4/Tableau 4 Exports of butter from principal exporting countries by destination, 1958-60 Exportations du beurre des principaux pays exportateurs par destination. 1958-60 (metrlc tons/tonnes m6triques) Exporting country/Pays d'exportation I Denmark Finland| France Ireland Netherl ands Destination______1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 _~~~~~~~~ Europe Belgium/Belgique 323 905 114 312 2,592 276 France 73 6,391 176 308 10,356 3,502 Fed. Rep. Germany/R6p. F6d. d'Allemagne 2,010 6,453 3,202 1,094 851 400 2,304 4.855 1.2L7 10,065 5,039 Italy/ltalie 1,373 1,065 711 3,305 202 7,877 6,029 328 8,833 Sweden/Suède 31165 1,276 Switzerland/Suisse 3 301 631 104 113 65 144 United Kingdom/Royaume-Uni 95,729 96,210 101,399 13,763 12,155 22,531 2,724 1,191 4,981 16,620 880 7,423 29,800 13,900 16y832 Czechoslovakia/Tch6coslovaquie 360 517 1,170 2,250 East Germany/Allemagne orient. 236 4,744 100 USSR/URSS 7,001 6,384 6,007 Africa/Afrique Algeria/Algerie 3,786 6,028 3,558 2,845 1,293 2,267 Ilorocco/Maroc 961 1,408 1,496 126 28 4 1,048 24 88 North Africa/Afrique du Word Tunisia/Tunisie 247 354 92 Union of South Africa/Union Sud-Africaine Other Africa/Autres pays d'Afrique 1,755 744 987 933 995 801 Ncrth and Central America/Am6ricue du Nord et Centrale Brit, Assoc, Territorios/Territ. brit. associes 38 45 31 Netherlands Assoc. Territories/Terrnt. neerl. associes 151 143 452 United States/Et2ts-U1nis 1,273 96 64 South America Amdriour du Sud Bolivia/colivie Chile/ChilI Panama Republic/R6p.de Panama Paraguay Peru/P6rou South America/Am6rique du Sud 353 190 318 Asia/Asie Ceylon/Ceylen Hong Kong Malaya/Malaisie Philippines Singapore/Singapour Other Asia/Autres pays d'Asie

3,431 Other-I.- countri es/Autres pays 3,003 3,704 837 977 924 378 431 308 2,400 1,124 1,836

TOTAL 114,717 - 117,947 - 11-3,085 f 20.528 2qi63 25.644 j 12,462 12:192 23,157 f 17,036 1,356 7,762 f 44,120 39,92539,269 _======z======_===== wf= =_=tv =un =a ...== : = naf2r=.,~ ...a:= an.-a~n w ~ ...=- u ...san~ un1m.~:I_ ....I.....~t~wm II.. w ...a==3=:=...gn m.m1~ =

_ _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Table 4 (cont.)/Tableau 4 (suite)

Eporting country/Pays d'exportatlon | Sweden Australia New Zealand Argentina Total of nine countries _ Destination_ j ...... 1958 -1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 1960 1958 1959 196 5 1958 1959 1960 ...... I.I u- Europe Belgium/Belgique ...... - 38 3,498 France _ ... ~500 225 4,352E 442 606 24,646 Fed. Rep, Germany/R6p. F6d. d'Allemagne 3,047 492 3,345 1,285 1,592 1,067 .,344 3,346 2 71 20 5,721 27,745 Italy/Italie 1,688_ 76 315 2.455 24 1,069 452 387 372 14,231 4,437 Sweden/Suède 365 1,276 Switzerland/Suisse - 20 107 1,045 United Kingdom/Royaunme-Uni 14,071 2 4,3S0 52,577 65,343 52,948 170,508 178,155 5,048 15,781' 8,256 400,840 383,617 Czechoslovakia/Tch6coslovaquie 360 517 East Germany/Allemagne orient. 160 100 5S,252 160 436 USSR/URSS 2,000 15,385 6,007 Africa/Afrique Algeria/Alg6rie 6,631 7,321 Morocco/Maroc 3 1,246 165 2,138 2,706 North Africa/Afrique du Nord 1,,4g8 68 599 1,498 68 Tunisia/Tunisie 1I 247 365 Union of South Africa/Union Sud-Africaine 356 1,776 1,778 Other Africa/Autres pays d'Afrique 300 66 780 2,988 1,805 North and Central America/A6rique du ford et Contrale Brit. Assoc. Territories/Torrit. brit. associ's 423 563 492 2,727 3,924 7 1 3 3,195 Netherlands 4,536 AssoG. Terrltories/Territ. neerl. associes 113 60 103 209 196 9 32 . 9 482 431 United States/Etats-bnis 601 774 9 I 883 870 South Amierica/Aneriaue du Sud ., Bolivia/Bolivic 4 8 ..4 Chile/Chili 22 1,472 414 1,489 1,494 414 Panama Republic/Rdp. do Panama 795 S28 795 .828 Paraguay 40 69 31 40 69 Peru/P6rou 63 196 1,638 944 768 720 1,140 2,406 South Anerica/imerique du Sud 853 190

Ccyl on/Ceyl an 1:227 944 1,202 167 337 1,394 1,281 Hong Kong 820 823 851 546 585 1,366 1,408 Mial aya/Mlal ai s i e I,000 994 986 257 337 1;257 1,331 Ph 1 ippines 125 100 176 172 349 297 449 Singaporo/Si r.gapour i ,302 1,075 962 1.302 1,075 Other As-a/Autres pays dtAsie 472 402 487 20 492 402 192 197 243 2,419 6,482 5,080 874 Othar coui-'riis 760 I '5, 122 ;13,402 TOTAL 20,101 4,212 1 835 162,385 80,311 65,074 }78,163 :196,054 8,523 23,203 12,306 478.035496,363 so~a w~w==-=w=0_=.D-D~e- t s t stI= =wuS=c ....CinD=- uu5wu .....i-0:n=. =.... == = ==i=-nm

a I Total exports January-Oecember 1960, 23,000 tons. - Exportations totales Janvier-Decembre 1960, 23.000 tonnes. - 22 - Table 5 - Tableau 5 Production of milk (M)and butter (B)/Production de lait (M) et de beurre (B) (in thousand metric tons/en milliers de tonnes m6triques) Country/Pays 1958 1959 1960 .Ratio/Rapport 19607 ! 1957 Percent - Pour cent Austria - Autriche N 2,732 2,661 2,678 2,811 103 B 40 40 39 35 88 Belgium - Belgique 3,722 3,743 3,756 3,872 104 90 90 8BBa 89 86 101 Czechoslovakia - Tchicoslovaqute 3,742 3,764 3,768 (3,900) (104) Ba 52 58 55 (60) (115) Denmark Danemark N 5,345 5,157 5 415 5,377* 101 168 95 BB 175 159 166t Finland - Finlande M 3,153 3,180 3,270 3:350* 106 B 78 80 87 94' 120 France M 20,660 21,115 20,300 21,690 105 345 340 335 360 104 Germany, Eastern - Allemagne orientale 5,286 5,656 5,832 B 152 158. 161 0.. Germany, Fed. .Rep. - Allemagne, R6p. F6d. 17,263 17,868 18,390 19,352 112 8 342 388 402 429 125 Hungary - Hongrie 1,781 1,951 *- .. i6 123 B. 12 17 17 Ireland: Irlande M 2,883 2,780 2,650 2,760 96 B 69 65 57 .. Italy - Italle 9,081 9,282 9,782 10,500' 116 63 62 65 9. Netherlands - Pays-Bas M 6,002 6,240 6,411 6,868' 114 B 76 91 80 99 130 Norway - Norvège 11196 1,188 1,244 1 325 111 B 21 18 20 20 95 8bBa Poland - Pologne 8M 11,043 11,514 11,800 11,800' 107 00 B 146 162 ., *0 Sweden - Suède 3,436 3,357 3,255 3,344 97 M 88 86 78 84 95 Switzerland - Suisse B 2,054 5,084 2,186 2,278 I11 28 30 32 34 121 I United Kingdom - Royaume-Uni 10,286 10,012 9,666 10,670 104 40 35 20 49 123 USSR- URSS B 54,750 57,500' 61,740' .. 0* 634 747 712 Canada Bb 7,850 8,109 8,246 8,345 106 144 159 153 151 105 United States- Etats-Unis Ba 56,630 55,892 55,333 55,756' 99 704 685 653' (680) 97 Argentina - Argentine 4,648 4,540 4,670 4,600 99 56 52 61 43 Australiae- Australiee B 6,313 5,928 6,422 6,602 105 196 175 204 198 101 New Zealande - Nouvelle-Z6Iandee 5,119 5,424 5,448 5,355 105 205 218 217 212 103 Source: International Federation of Agricultural Produ-ers FAO, Statistical Office of the EEC and US Department of Agriculture. - Fdd6ration Internationale de Producteurs Agricoles, FAO, Office Statistique de la CEE et US nrnnrt+an+ Df Anr~,i14urPj. aFactory butter - Fabrique ou laiterise. bComercial milk - Lait commercial. cSales off farms - Ventes des exploitations. dIncluding whey butter- Y compris lc beurre de s6rum,e12-month ending 30 June of year stated - P6riode de 12 mots *ProvisionalDepartment- Provisoire.ofAgriculture. finissant le 30 juin de l'ann6e indiqu6e. Table 6 - Tableau 6

STOCKS OF BUTTER IN SELECTED COUNTRIES - STOCKS DE BEURRE DANSCERTAINS PAYS . CE.RTAIN$CERTAIHS PAYSPAYS (thousand tons - en millers de tonnes) . Beginning of-Z I--(or end- of-1 pevious I i I I I .. 1. I a month) Argentina Australla Finland | United United Other I Canada Zcal and States France. Ireland Netherlandd Sweden Au ddbut de (ou à la fin du mols Argentine Australle Finlinde Kingdom OEEC , Hle Etats.- Irlande Pays-Bas Subde Royaume- retros pa TOTAL. nr~c~dnRti Z6ilando- 11nl e 1V I I I- -_ - .-7 v - - i - --I__ _ 1 958 u__ I'Out April - Avril 9.0 26.8 17 .. 38.7 77 9.7 2.6 9.7 5.2 71.8 309 - 38 October Octobre 0.? 6.7 51 90 36.0 12.9 16.0 17.8 8.1 52.3 38 330 1 5 9, January - Janvler 3.2 18.7 1,9 43 42.3 34 27.0 8.9 5.5 2.4 31,8 232 April - AvrIl 6.7 25.8 28 0.5 42.3 36 2.7 1.5 0.3 13 1.2 39.8 13 200 July - Juillet 3.6 10.6 42 2.3 25.9 85 6.5 4.3 6.8 38.1 39a 284 October - Octobro 1.6 9.4 61 3.4 14.4 42 18.4 13.3 3.0 7.0 25.7 34 233 1960 January - Janvier 6.6 21.4 48 1.9 32.8 14 )0.9 10.3 0.4 2.4 10.8 26 185 1. April - Avril 11.4 27.8 35 6.9 32.1 29 8.6 3.5 0.7 1.9 238 July - Juillot 44.1 43 9.9 8.7 5' 3.5 21.6 83 38.4a 9.4 15.5 7.2 53.2 70a 371 October - Octobro 5.5 9.0 63 4.5 20.9 70 45.8 I 17.9 14.0 9.5 33.2 58 351 19 6 1

January - 43.0 Janvier .. 22.3 52 0.7 46.9 42 14.8 5.0 2.3 27.4 22 (283) April - Avril (21) (38) 0.6 46.2 27.0 3.1 ..0 1.5 19 (250) 48.7 19 -. *_____1.I ;I I I I aAugust - AoMt Australia - Australle - Registered cold stores.- Entrop8ts frigorifiques enregistrds. Canada - In cold stores, dairy factories or In transit.- En entrop8ts frigorifiques, en fabriques laitibres ot an transit. United States - Etats-Unis - Price support stocks and cold storage.- Stocks de soution des prix et entrep~ts frigorifiques. United Kinqdoa - Roauto-Uni - In public cold stores excluding transit.- Entrep8ts frigorifiques publics non compris le transit. Source: International Federation of Agricultural Producers, OEEC and Commonwealth Economic Committee.

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