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Death of Newspaper Industry in Digital Age and Covid-19 Pandemic

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Death of Newspaper Industry in Digital Age and Covid-19 Pandemic Jurnal The Messenger, Vol. 12, No. 2, July 2020, pp. 192-207 P-ISSN: 2086-1559, E-ISSN: 2527-2810 DOI: 10.26623/themessenger.v12i2.2244 192 (Opportunities) Death of Newspaper Industry in Digital Age and Covid-19 Pandemic Supadiyanto1 1Study Program of Communication Science, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komunikasi (STIKOM) Yogyakarta, Jl. Laksda Adisucipto No. 279 Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Newspaper industry is entering a state of emergency in Indonesia. Dewan Pers demands that the government provide incentives to press companies during Covid-19. The growth in the number of internet users, the downward trend in advertising revenue, and the number of newspaper circulation are problems in the print media business. List of questions in this study: what are the trends in the use of internet technology and social media in Indonesia?; why did various newspaper companies in Indonesia collapse and die in the digital era?; how is the effort to save the newspaper business? Meanwhile, the research paradigm is qualitative. The time of the study is November 2019 to May 2020. The results of this research, the growth in the number of internet users has been extraordinary in the last 20 years. Signs of the newspaper era are over, strengthened by many newspaper companies turning to online media. The number of readers fell, the number of advertisers plummeted, number of copies narrowed, and the cost of producing newspapers became increasingly expensive to cause the closure of various newspaper companies. Rescue by attracting young readers and doing various innovations. Tragically, the print media industry will end and die on its own. Keywords: Newspaper Industry, Opportunities, Collapse, Digital Age, Covid-19 Pandemic. Introduction The impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on stock exchanges in the United States and United Kingdom was far more devastating compared to the impact of the pandemic in 1918-1919, 1957-1958 and 1968. It even makes economic uncertainty in unpredictable time periods (Altig et al., 2020; Baker et al., 2020). The fate of various print media companies in the midst of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) Pandemic in Indonesia since the beginning of March 2020 is increasingly alarming together. One of the empirical evidence is Harian Umum Pikiran Rakyat (especially the Sunday edition)-- which became the biggest newspaper published by Bandung, West Java, ended its Sunday edition on March 15, 2020--right in the midst of the Indonesian people and the world facing the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). The loyal readers of the newspaper can still enjoy the news and information offerings from the Harian Umum Pikiran Rakyat regular edition Monday-Saturday. Harian Umum Koran Jakarta since January 2, 2020 eliminated the rubric of ideas containing opinions or discourse and book reviews in the newspaper published by the capital city of Jakarta. Previously in a row, Tabloid Cek&Ricek ended its print edition on April 23, 2019. Harian Medan Bisnis closed the printed version on March 30, 2019. Koran Wawasan is not published since March 2019. Harian Joglosemar is not published since early January 2018 (last published December 30, 2017). Harian Pagi Bernas Jogja is not been published since March 1, 2018 (last published February 28, 2018). List of other print media that are not published anymore can be seen in Table 1 below. Article History: Received May 06, 2020; Revised July 20, 2020; Accepted July 26, 2020; Published July 31, 2020 193 P-ISSN: 2086-1559, E-ISSN: 2527-2810 Table 1. Newspapers in Indonesia and other countries that are no longer published (2010-2020) No Name of Newspapers Circulation Area Started not to be published again 1 Harian Umum Pikiran Rakyat West Java and its surroundings March 15, 2020 Sunday edition 2 Aspiration/Opinion Rubric at Jakarta and surrounding areas January 2, 2020 Koran Jakarta 3 Tabloid Cek&Ricek Jakarta and surrounding areas April 23, 2019 4 Harian Medan Bisnis Medan and surrounding areas March 30, 2019 5 Koran Wawasan Central Java and end of March surrounding areas 2019 6 Joglosemar ‘Eks Karesidenan Surakarta’ Januari 2, 2018 7 Harian Pagi Bernas Jogja Yogyakarta and surrounding March 1, 2018 areas 8 Tabloid Bola circulating nationally October 23, 2018 9 Sinar Harapan Jakarta and surrounding areas January 2, 2016 10 Harian Umum Suara Karya Jakarta and surrounding areas November 1, 2016 11 Jakarta Globe Jakarta and surrounding areas end of September 2015 12 Tabloid Soccer circulating nationally 2015 13 Jurnal Nasional Jakarta and surrounding areas November 1, 2014 14 Tabloid Go circulating nationally 2006 15 Harian Pagi Jogja Raya Yogyakarta and surrounding 2011 areas 16 KR Bisnis Yogyakarta and surrounding January 2, 2010 areas 17 Malioboro Ekspress Yogyakarta and surrounding 2010 areas 18 Koran Utusan Malaysia Malaysia August 22, 2019 19 The New York Times United State of America end of 2011 20 Financial Times Germany November 23, Deutschland (FTD) 2012 Note: processed from various references Surprisingly, due to the impact of Covid-19, Australia's national news agency; The Australian Associated Press (AAP) has been dismiss 170 journalists on June 26, 2020, and close its editorial production services, pagemasters at the end of August 2020. AAP began publishing in 1935 by newspaper publisher Keith Murdoch, father of the founder of News Corp, Rupert Murdoch. AAP owned by Australian news organizations: Australia News Corp, Nine Entertainment Co., Seven West Media, and Australian Community Media (Subekti, 2020). Previously, in the Southeast Asia Region, Koran Utusan Malaysia-the oldest and most well-known newspaper in Malaysia which had been established 80 years ago, no longer published its print edition since August 22, 2019. In the United States, print media circulation fell from 60 million in the year 1994 became only 35 million in 2018, and that Jurnal The Messenger, Vol. 12, No. 2, July 2020, pp. 192-207 Jurnal The Messenger P-ISSN: 2086-1559, E-ISSN: 2527-2810 194 added digital circulation. Indeed, the dimming of the newspaper business has been marked strongly by the case of ‘down’ the oldest newspaper company in the United States of the caliber of The New York Times (one of the best newspapers in the United States) at the end of 2011. In fact, The New York Times has sold 16 regional newspapers to Halifax Media Holdings for USD 143.000.000. During the first nine months of 2011, the newspaper company's revenue dropped dramatically by as much as seven percent, or only USD 190.000.000. Whereas in 2010, the annual advertising revenue of The New York Times company was USD 2.4 billion. Starting in early 2012, The New York Times chose to develop an online media business company only. Now, the print edition of The New York Times is still circulating in the community, despite having changed its name to the International New York Times. Due to a lack of income from newspapers, the company is renting out part of the space in its headquarters building in New York to help with operational costs. Faced with the economic crisis and the flow of the Internet, The New York Times chose to deliver news through online media. In addition to The New York Times which continue to fade, other print media in the United States that have ended their print editions are: Newsweek Magazine, The Rocky Mountain News, The Seattle Post Intelligencer, Lee Enterprises, Tribune Co., Reader's Digest Magazine (collapsed in mid- February 2013), and the Washington Post on 5 August 2013 has also been negotiated (Tempo, 2013). The declining trend in number of newspaper circulation befalls the world's highest circulation newspaper, which is still held by the Yomiuri Shimbun (in Japan) with a circulation of 10.000.000 copies per day. Subsequently followed by Asahi Newspaper with a circulation of 7.500.000 copies per day. But in The thirty-third NSK-CAJ Fellowship Program at the Nippon Press Center (September 9, 2012), it was revealed that the Japanese press industry was also experiencing major problems. The problem is that Japanese young people (aged 20-30 years) have never read a newspaper. The biggest negative impact is the cause of the decline in the number of circulation of a number of newspaper publications by 1-2 million copies in the last few years. Base on Jyrki Jyrkiainen's research (2015) shows that the newspaper industry in Finland is experiencing a downward trend. Down from 24 publications in 2000 to 19 publications in 2010; and a decrease in the group's daily amount from 44 to 42. That is a clear sign of the fall of print media management in the world and the country, slowly ending its business. Other obvious signs, reducing the number of normal pages from dozens to dozens of pages; eventually gradually reducing its circulation, experiencing a drastic decrease in advertising revenue, and losing loyal readers who continue to erode age and technology, and finally ‘checkmate.’ Based on the search and extraction of the essence of the results of previous research related to the future of the newspaper, the following study was found. First, Philip Meyer (2009) in the book: ‘The Vanishing Newspaper: Saving Journalism in the Information Age,’ predicts that daily newspaper readers will disappear for the last time in September 2043. Even in the first quarter of 2043 (April 2043), only left one person left who still reads the paper. Tragically, most other analysts dare to predict the destruction of newspapers will be faster. The art of managing a business amid the downward trend in newspaper circulation has long been a specialty of newspaper industry. Second, Supadiyanto's thesis (Supadiyanto, 2014) entitled: ‘Implementasi Teknologi Internet ke Kebijakan Editorial Harian Jogja dalam Orde Reformasi (Implementation of Internet Technology to the Harian Jogja Editorial Policy in the (Opportunities) Death of Newspaper Industry ..
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