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Short Term Response of Ants to the Removal of Ground Cover in Organic Olive Orchards
Eur. J. Entomol. 108: 417–423, 2011 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1632 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Short term response of ants to the removal of ground cover in organic olive orchards MERCEDES CAMPOS1, LUISA FERNÁNDEZ1, FRANCISCA RUANO3, BELÉN COTES1, MANUEL CÁRDENAS1 and JUAN CASTRO2 1Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, (CSIC) C/Profesor Albareda n° 1, 18008 – Granada, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] 2IFAPA Centro Camino de Purchil, CAP (Junta de Andalucia), P.O. Box 2027, 18080 – Granada, Spain 3Department of Animal Biology, University of Granada, 18071 – Granada, Spain Key words. Hymenoptera, Formicidae, disturbance, biodiversity, soil management Abstract. Ants are the most abundant group of soil arthropods in olive groves where they are involved in various trophic relation- ships of great importance for crops. The system of soil management is one agricultural practice that has a great effect on ants, so the objective of this study was to compare ant populations in organic olive orchards with a ground cover of natural vegetation and others where this natural vegetation is mechanically removed at the beginning of June. Ants were sampled using pitfall traps at 14, 30, 70 and 90 days after the removal of the ground vegetation. Overall, ant biodiversity did not change. However, changes were observed in the abundance of ant species, in particular, in those species that build shallow nests in the soil, both between the rows of trees and under the canopy of olive trees. In contrast, deep nesting species, such as Messor barbarus, were not affected. -
The Functions and Evolution of Social Fluid Exchange in Ant Colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Marie-Pierre Meurville & Adria C
ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 31: 1-30 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_031:001 13 January 2021 Review Article Trophallaxis: the functions and evolution of social fluid exchange in ant colonies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Marie-Pierre Meurville & Adria C. LeBoeuf Abstract Trophallaxis is a complex social fluid exchange emblematic of social insects and of ants in particular. Trophallaxis behaviors are present in approximately half of all ant genera, distributed over 11 subfamilies. Across biological life, intra- and inter-species exchanged fluids tend to occur in only the most fitness-relevant behavioral contexts, typically transmitting endogenously produced molecules adapted to exert influence on the receiver’s physiology or behavior. Despite this, many aspects of trophallaxis remain poorly understood, such as the prevalence of the different forms of trophallaxis, the components transmitted, their roles in colony physiology and how these behaviors have evolved. With this review, we define the forms of trophallaxis observed in ants and bring together current knowledge on the mechanics of trophallaxis, the contents of the fluids transmitted, the contexts in which trophallaxis occurs and the roles these behaviors play in colony life. We identify six contexts where trophallaxis occurs: nourishment, short- and long-term decision making, immune defense, social maintenance, aggression, and inoculation and maintenance of the gut microbiota. Though many ideas have been put forth on the evolution of trophallaxis, our analyses support the idea that stomodeal trophallaxis has become a fixed aspect of colony life primarily in species that drink liquid food and, further, that the adoption of this behavior was key for some lineages in establishing ecological dominance. -
Ant Chromosomes
Insectes Sociaux, Paris Masson, Paris, 1983 1983, Volume 30, n ~ 2, pp. 14%164 ANT CHROMOSOMES II, KARYOTYPES OF WESTERN PALEARCTIC SPECIES * E. HAUSCHTECK-JUNGEN (1) and H. JUNGEN (2)** tl) Zootogisches Institut der UniversiRit Ziirich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH - 8057 Ziirich, Switzerland (2) Zoologisches Museum der Universitlit Zi'trich, Winterthurerstr, 190, CH - 8057 Zi~rich, Switzerland Regu le 6 d6eembre 1980. Accept6 le 23 avril 1982. S UMMARY The chromosome numbers of 40 ant species are reported. For 22 species the karyo- types as ~r as the chromosome numbers are presented. The chromosome numbers range between n = 8 and n = 26. Remarkable karyotypes are those of the germs LaMas in exhibiting mainly acrocentric chromosomes. In all other ?~aryotypes the majori:ty of chromosomes show medio- or submediocentric centromere position. Differences in chromosome numbers in the genus Camponotus reflect the grouping in subgenera 'with the exception of Taneemyrmex. This pattern is not true for the genera Aphaenoeaster and Leptothorax, where a variety of chromosome numbers ~r found in the different subgenera. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ameisenchromosomen:- IL Karyotypen westpal~arktischer Arten Die Chromosomenzahlen yon 40 Ameisenarten ,~verden mitgeieilt. Ffir 22 Arten wird zus~tztich der Karyotyp vorgelegt. Die haploiden Chrornosomenzahlen bewegen sich zwischen n = 8 und n = 26. Bemerkenswert sind die Karyotypen der Gatttmg Lasius. Diese Karyotypen besitzen, abgesehen yon einern oder zwei mediozentrischen Paaren. ausscbliesslich acrozentrische Chromosornen. ARe fibrigen Karyotypen bestehen iiber- wiegend aus rnedio- bzvr submediozentrischen Chrornosornen. In der Gattung Carnponorus emspricht die Gruppierung in Untergattungen auch einer Gruppierung yon unterschiedlichen Chrornosomenzahlen. Fi.ir die Gattungen Aphceno. gaster und Leptothorax gilt diese Entsprechung nicht. -
Arthropods in Linear Elements
Arthropods in linear elements Occurrence, behaviour and conservation management Thesis committee Thesis supervisor: Prof. dr. Karlè V. Sýkora Professor of Ecological Construction and Management of Infrastructure Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group Wageningen University Thesis co‐supervisor: Dr. ir. André P. Schaffers Scientific researcher Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group Wageningen University Other members: Prof. dr. Dries Bonte Ghent University, Belgium Prof. dr. Hans Van Dyck Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium Prof. dr. Paul F.M. Opdam Wageningen University Prof. dr. Menno Schilthuizen University of Groningen This research was conducted under the auspices of SENSE (School for the Socio‐Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment) Arthropods in linear elements Occurrence, behaviour and conservation management Jinze Noordijk Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Doctorate Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 3 November 2009 at 1.30 PM in the Aula Noordijk J (2009) Arthropods in linear elements – occurrence, behaviour and conservation management Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen NL with references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN 978‐90‐8585‐492‐0 C’est une prairie au petit jour, quelque part sur la Terre. Caché sous cette prairie s’étend un monde démesuré, grand comme une planète. Les herbes folles s’y transforment en jungles impénétrables, les cailloux deviennent montagnes et le plus modeste trou d’eau prend les dimensions d’un océan. Nuridsany C & Pérennou M 1996. -
Myrmecophily of Maculinea Butterflies in the Carpathian Basin (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)
ettudom sz án é y m ológia i r n i é e h K c a s T e r T Myrmecophily of Maculinea butterflies in the Carpathian Basin (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) A Maculinea boglárkalepkék mirmekofíliája a Kárpát- medencében (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) PhD Thesis Tartally András Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology University of Debrecen Debrecen, 2008. Ezen értekezést a Debreceni Egyetem TTK Biológia Tudományok Doktori Iskola Biodiverzitás programja keretében készítettem a Debreceni Egyetem TTK doktori (PhD) fokozatának elnyerése céljából. Debrecen, 2008.01.07. Tartally András Tanúsítom, hogy Tartally András doktorjelölt 2001-2005 között a fent megnevezett Doktori Iskola Biodiverzitás programjának keretében irányításommal végezte munkáját. Az értekezésben foglalt eredményekhez a jelölt önálló alkotó tevékenységével meghatározóan hozzájárult. Az értekezés elfogadását javaslom. Debrecen, 2008.01.07. Dr. Varga Zoltán egyetemi tanár In memory of my grandparents Table of contents 1. Introduction......................................................................................... 9 1.1. Myrmecophily of Maculinea butterflies........................................................ 9 1.2. Why is it important to know the local host ant species?.............................. 9 1.3. The aim of this study.................................................................................... 10 2. Materials and Methods..................................................................... 11 2.1. Taxonomy and nomenclature..................................................................... -
Is Manica Rubida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a Potential Host of the Maculinea Alcon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Group?
Myrmecologische Nachrichten 6 23 - 27 Wien, Dezember 2004 Is Manica rubida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) a potential host of the Maculinea alcon (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) group? TARTALLY András Abstract The caterpillars of Maculinea butterflies are obligate parasites of nests of Myrmica (or in certain cases Aphaenogaster) ants during most of their development. Manica rubida (LATREILLE, 1802) is closely related to ants of the genus Myrmica, and can occur on Maculinea sites. Laboratory colonies of M. rubida were there- fore tested for their ability to raise caterpillars of Maculinea rebeli (HIRSCHKE, 1904) and M. alcon (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER, 1775). After introduction into the foraging arenas of these colonies, all caterpillars were taken into the nest by worker ants, where they were often carried and licked. Several caterpillars of both butterflies survived and increased in size for a number of weeks, up to one and a half months. These re- sults suggest that M. rubida could potentially act as a host for Maculinea caterpillars, although whether any local populations have evolved to specialise on this potential host remains to be demonstrated in the fields. Key words: Manica, Maculinea, host specificity, myrmecophily Tartally András, University of Debrecen, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O.B. 3, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction Myrmecophily is a well-known phenomenon among European species of Maculinea occur in some of several insect taxa (HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990). these regions. Moreover, M. arion (LINNAEUS, 1758), The lycaenid butterflies are particularly interesting in M. alcon (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER, 1775) and M. this respect, because the larvae of most species stud- rebeli (HIRSCHKE, 1904) populations are known from ied are associated with ants. -
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Myrmecological News 17 91-104 Vienna, August 2012 A review of the West Palaearctic species of the ant genus Bothriomyrmex EMERY, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Bernhard SEIFERT Abstract The taxonomic status of 32 taxa of the ant genus Bothriomyrmex from Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor, and the Middle East was assessed and commented. Four European species were clearly distinguished by high-performance stereomicro- scopy, reproducible numeric recording of 18 phenotypical characters and multivariate analyses: B. meridionalis ROGER, 1863, B. atlantis FOREL, 1894, B. communistus SANTSCHI, 1919 and B. corsicus SANTSCHI, 1923. Type investigation and evaluation of original descriptions established that there is definitely no Palaearctic taxon described before 31 March 1923 which is a senior synonym to any of these four names. Principal component (PCA) and discriminant analyses (DA) of 204 workers and 58 gynes clearly showed the following synonymies (in brackets posterior probabilities of type spe- cimens in discriminant analyses): B. meridionalis var. adriaca SANTSCHI, 1922 (p = 1.000) and B. corsicus ssp. mohel- ensis NOVÁK, 1941 (p = 1.000) are synonyms of B. communistus SANTSCHI, 1919 (p = 1.000) while B. meridionalis ssp. gibbus SOUDEK, 1924 (p = 0.999), B. corsicus ssp. gallicus EMERY, 1925 (p = 1.000), B. corsicus var. ligurica EMERY, 1925 (p = 1.000), and B. menozzii EMERY, 1925 (p = 1.000) are synonyms of B. corsicus SANTSCHI, 1923 (p = 1.000). The performance of the DA was unexpectedly strong: After reduction to eight morphological characters, any individual of B. communistus and B. corsicus was classified with posterior probabilities of p > 0.960 and the error rate in leave-one-out cross-validation was 0%. -
Hybridization in Ants
Rockefeller University Digital Commons @ RU Student Theses and Dissertations 2020 Hybridization in Ants Ian Butler Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/ student_theses_and_dissertations Part of the Life Sciences Commons HYBRIDIZATION IN ANTS A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of The Rockefeller University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Ian Butler June 2020 © Copyright by Ian Butler 2020 HYBRIDIZATION IN ANTS Ian Butler, Ph.D. The Rockefeller University 2020 Interspecific hybridization is a relatively common occurrence within all animal groups. Two main factors make hybridization act differently in ants than in other species: eusociality and haplodiploidy. These factors serve to reduce the costs of interspecific hybridization in ants while simultaneously allowing them to take advantage of certain benefits. Eusociality may mitigate the effects of hybridization by allowing hybrids to be shunted into the worker caste, potentially reducing the effects of hybrid sterility. In haplodiploid species, males do not have a father. They instead develop from unfertilized eggs as haploid clones of their mother. This means that interspecifically mated queens do not completely sacrifice reproductive potential even if all hybrids are sterile because they can still produce fertile males. These factors in turn suggest that hybridization should be more common among the social Hymenoptera than other animal groups. Nevertheless, current data suggest that ants hybridize at rates similar to other animal groups, although these data are limited. Furthermore, there is a large amount of overlap between cases of interspecific hybridization and cases of genetic caste determination. A majority of the cases in ants where caste is determined primarily by genotype are associated with hybridization. -
The Spatial Distribution of Wood-Nesting Ants in the Central
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Gary R. Nielsen for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on March 6, 1986. Title: The Spatial Distribution of Wood-Nesting Ants in the Central Coast Range of Oregon / 4 Abstractapproved: Redacted for privacy Fred okickson Two coniferous forests in the central Coast Range of western Oregon were surveyed for nests of wood inhabiting ants.Nineteen species and 825 ant nests were found, corresponding to an average nest density of 0.079 nests/m2 (maximum 0.38/m2) and a mean species density of 0.026 species/m2 (maximum 0.08/m2). The spatial distribution of all species was random within the study areas In contrast, the nest distribution patterns of the six most common species and all ants combined were found to be highly clumped (contagious) due to high nest densities on a few favorable sites. Most ants achieved greatest nest densities on high imsdlatim, early successional plots such as clear- cuts. The nest abundances of 15 species were negatively correlated with tree canopy cover. However, Lasius pallitarsis and Leptothorax nevadensis had higher nest densities in woody debrison forested plots. Furthermore, the nest densities of all ants combined, and of nine individual species were greater in stumps than logs. Within stumps, the nests of all species combined, as well as Camponotus modoc, Tapinoma sessile, and Lasius pallitarsis were concentratedon the south sides of stumps.The bark, cambial zone, and wood of woody debris in all stages of decompositionwere exploited by ants for nest sites. Leptothorax nevadensis, Tapinoma sessile, and Aphaenogaster subterranea occupied bark significantly more often than other tissues. -
Mvkmethyl Vinyl Ketone Etone
METHYL VINYL KETONE CAS Number: 78-94-4 NTP Nomination History and Review NCI Summary of Data for Chemical Selection Methyl vinyl ketone 78-94-4 NTP NOMINATION HISTORY AND REVIEW A. Nomination History 1. Source: National Cancer Institute 2. Recommendation: -Carcinogenicity -Mechanistic studies 3. Rationale/Remarks: -Commercially important synthetic intermediate -Interest in toxicity of a,~ unsaturated ketones chemical class -Parent compound of a,~-unsaturated ketones chemical class; -Ubiquitous low level environmental pollutant -Lack of chronic toxicity data -Suspicion of carcinogenicity 4. Priority: High 5. Date of Nomination: 1/92 B. Chemical Evaluation Committee Review 1. Date of Review: 2. Recommendations: 3. Priority: 4. NTP Chemical Selection Principles: s. Rationale/Remarks: c. Board of Scientific Counselors Review 1. Date of Review: 2. Recommendations: 3. Priority: 4. Rationale/Remarks: D. Executive Committee Review 1. Date of Review: 2. Decision: 78-94-4 Methyl vinyl ketone SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION: CAS Registry Number: 78-94-4 Chemical Abstracts Name: 3-Buten-2-one Synonyms: Acetyl ethylene; l-buten-3-one; 2-butenone; methylene acetone; methyl vinyl ketone; MVK; 3-oxobutene; 3-oxo-1-butene; r-oxo-a-butylene; vinyl methyl ketone Structure. Molecular Formula. and Molecular Weight H 0 H I II I H-C-C-C=C-H I I H H Mol. wt.: 70.1 Chemical and Physical Properties: Description: Colorless. flammable, liquid with pungent odor (Sax & Lewis, 1987; Budavari, 1989) Boiling Point 81.4°C (Budavari, 1989) Melting Point - 7°C (Sax & Lewis, 1987) Specific gravity: 0.84 at 20°C (Sax & Lewis, 1987) Solubility: Readily soluble in water (10%), alcohols, ether,. -
La Lettre D'information D'antarea
La lettre d’information d’AntArea N°7 - 2021 AntArea - Association loi 1901 1 Etude, identification, répartition, localisation des fourmis françaises métropolitaines. Editorial La Covid-19 est venue perturber nos habitudes. Espérons tout d’abord et de tout coeur que vous ayez été épargnés et que vos familles soient en bonne santé. Et pourtant, malgré ce contexte très particulier, l’année 2020 aura été substancielle et qualitative en découvertes myrmécologiques… et c’est tant mieux pour le moral ! Nous sommes heureux de vous envoyer cette nouvelle lettre d’information qui vous entraînera des chaînes montagneuses des Alpes aux Pyrénées, vous fera découvrir les dernières parutions scientifiques, découvrir ou redécouvrir des points de biologie, mais également, et c’est la nouveauté cette année, de vous livrer les dernières observations françaises d’importance. Merci encore et bravo aux contributeurs pour leur travail de terrain. Nous espérons que ces découvertes vous donneront envie de prospecter et nous vous souhaitons d’ores et déjà de belles découvertes pour 2021 ! Prenez soin de vous. Laurent COLINDRE Secrétaire d’AntArea Photo de couverture : Formica polyctena (L. Colindre). L’Association « ANTAREA » a été fondée en janvier 2011. Ses buts : •Participer à une meilleure connaissance de la myrmécofaune de France métropolitaine par la réalisation d’un inventaire national. •Répondre à des besoins ponctuels concernant la réalisation d’inventaires précis sur des zones géographiques déterminées. •Participer à la diffusion et à la vulgarisation -
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Myrmecologische Nachrichten 8 263 - 270 Wien, September 2006 Biogeography, diversity, and vertical distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Vorarlberg, Austria Florian GLASER Abstract Information on biogeographical composition and vertical distribution patterns of regional ant faunas in the Alps is relatively scarce. In this study I investigated species number, vertical distribution and zoogeographical composition of the ant fauna of Vorarlberg (Austria). A total number of 68 species and 4 subfamilies of ants were recorded in the region. Using information from literature these ant species were related to biogeographical elements and classes. The major part of the ant fauna is associated with the mixed and deciduous forest zone (58 %) and the coniferous forest zone (31 %). A few ant species belong to the Mediterranean zone (10 %). Regarding the biogeographical composition the regional ant fauna is dominated by North-Transpalaearctic (13 spp., 19 %), Boreomontane (7 spp., 10 %), Euro- Siberian (13 spp., 19 %) and South-Palaearctic elements (7 spp., 10 %). Total species number and species numbers of biogeographical classes and elements were analysed relative to altitude. Total species number and species numbers of the class of mixed and deciduous forest and Mediterranean zone as well as the biogeographical elements of these classes decrease significantly with altitude. In the class of the coniferous forest zone, North-Transpalaearctic and Montane elements decrease at higher elevations, while Alpine-Endemic and Boreomontane elements increase with altitude. Key words: Formicidae, elevation, zoogeography, ants, Eastern Alps, Europe. Mag. Florian Glaser, Technisches Büro für Biologie, Gabelsbergerstr. 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction Information on the vertical distribution of ants in the Alps ernmost federal country of Austria and at the same time is relatively scarce, and can often be considered as by-pro- the westernmost part of the Eastern Alps.