Katheri ne Tingley

M arriag e and the Hom e

An Interv iew

w ith the TheOSOphical Lead er

By Claire M erton

Publis hed by

The T e s i P h o oph cal ub lishing Co.

i L Po nt oma , California h 1 2 a her ne in le Copyrig t . 9 1 , by K t i T g y CONTENTS

Katherine Tingley on M arriage and the Home : An Interview By Claire Merton

Katherine Tingley : Theosophist

By Iverson L . Harris Jr .

Lomaland The Home of Theosophy By Kenneth Morris

Brief Chronology of some Important Events in the History of t he Theos phiocal Movement There s hou ld be in all thin one i d gs s ngle evotion,

one motiv e one d e i re an , s d aspiration. Diff erences of natu re and mind a re inev itable; each s hou ld there

ore accord to all the s ame toleration he a k or him el f s s f s f, , and then the s ingle thread of d evotion will u nite all

into one Univ ers al Brotherhood . The power wou ld

be i mmen e ! i thi were u t into o eration i wo d s , f s p p t u l

d o a o s en t ll, al ng the inv is ible bu t real currents , a

tr am o hel or mind ou l and bod u nitin a l s e f p f , s , y, g l

h in er ane a d u how he wor d the r a on t e n pl , n th s s t l e l

power of co- operation on all the planes of force and

cons cious nes s . KATHER I NE T INGI. EY To feel the fi re of Theos ophy with its s timu lative

red em tive ower in ou r liv e ou r . mind s mu t p p y s , y s become as free and receptiv e as the fl owers to the s unlight. K ATHER I NE T I NGLEY Lomaland Photo E n rav i n D g g ept.

THE THREE LEADERS OF THE THEOSOPHICAL MOVEMENT

Helena Petrovna Blavatsk y

Katherine Tingley W l a i li m Q . J udge K atherine Tingley :

An Interv i ew w ith the T heosophi cal Lead er

Her Vi ew s on M arri age and the Home

By C lai re M erton

T was the lovely climate of Southern California , and D particularly of San iego , that attracted me to the Golden State and the Silver Gate city to escape the rigors n of an eastern winter . I k ew nothing about Theosophy , and all I knew about Madame Katherine Tingley was derived from reading a sensational article about the Theosophical Leader and its subsequent retraction made some few years not ago in a large eastern paper . I could help but admire the spirit of justice , not merely to herself and in defence of her own reputation , but to the Society of which she is the a f n f he d , and in de ence of its pri ciples and belie s , which ’ seemed to ac tuate the Theosophical Leader s insistence on f a w as o . the publication the retr ction It a moral victory , but knowing nothing of the Theosophical teachings I was satisfied at the time with the feeling of gratification that a woman had had the courage to stand by her womanhood and had won out . From that day however I learned that W hile many were ff k n indi erent , the people whom I met were , generally spea i g , divided into two camps , those in the one great admirers of heOSO hists Madame Tingley , and even if not in any sense T p , recognising her as one of the humanitarian and educational of n leaders today ; those in the other , holdi g just the opposite , and as nf f n r n I took pains to i orm myself, o ten e tirely igno a t, ’ f t n “ of the ac s of Madame Ti gley s life and work and teachings , 8 M W ERINEQTIN}QLET:J AN INTERVI EW often governed by prejudice or accepting mere hearsay and gossip . It was with consid erab le interest therefore that I found ‘ myself in San Diego so near to the International Theosophical

Headquarters on Point Loma . It is not however the a Lom l n place itself , the ch rm of a a d as the members call k a their Headquarters , the remar ble buildings , the chaste

- classic beauty of the open air Greek Theater , the wonderful atmosphere of the place , its orderliness and serenity, or the

- world wide activities that center there , that constitute my n theme . Ma y noted writers have written of these , but so far as I know , not one of such writers , though perhaps incidental ly referring to it , has sought to bring to the public attention Katherine Tingley ’ s views and teachings in respect to mar riage and the home . Before I go further let me give my reason for selecting

. heoso hists this subject Fate , or chance T p would say ‘ Karma ’ — decreed that I should find myself immedia tely on my arrival in San Diego in one of the two camps I referred and to above , the camp of the unfriendly , as I discovered later ,

. the uninformed critical gossipers My first thought , was , is it true then that ‘ a prophet is without honor in his own ’ an - country adopted country in this case , yet nevertheless considering all that Katherine Tingley has done for the D material prosperity of California and especially of San, iego , not to mention the existence of Lomaland within the boun d aries of the city as one of its greatest educational and moral assets , and notwithstanding the fact that Madame Tingley

- . is pre eminently cosmopolitan and at home in all countries , it may truly be said that Lomaland is in a peculiar sense her own country . Furthermore , it did not require much investigation to learn that the best and most influential residents of San Diego and of the State recognise Madame and Tingley as one of their most distinguished citizens , hold her in the highest esteem .

But to return to my reason for the selection of this subject . Speaking t o s ome casual acquaintances at the hotel W here

I . w as staying , I was interested to learn that they had recently KATHERINE TI NGLEY : AN I NTERVI EW 9 p aid a visit to the Theos0phical Headquarters grounds at n Point Loma , whe , to my amazement , one of them remarked that strange stories were afloat among certain gossipers as to ‘ ’ on the views held by the people the hill , as she described

- f them , regarding marriage and home li e . For her part she d id not believe them but that is what she had heard . I cer ’ inl ta y didn t believe them either , but as I do believe in going b — u whenever possi le to the fountain so rce for information , I sough t an opportunity for an interv iew with Madame

Tingley herself. I first made my inquiries at the Theosophical Information

- Bureau and Book store in the Isis Theater Building , which by the way is owned by Madame Tingley . There I was put ’ into telephone communication with Madame Tingley s private r secretary , who very cou teously invited me to attend the n a usual Sunday eve ing service at Isis The ter on the morrow , a a when M d me Tingley expected to speak , saying that possibly ’ I might have an opportunity of a few minutes conversation with her at the close of the service . I accepted the invita

and . tion gladly , went Again I must pass over much I woul d like to write about ’ e the service its lf and Madame Tingley s marvellous eloquence , f her presence , her musical voice , now ringing and force ul , now

and - of sympathetic tender , as she spoke of the heart cry the ’ ’ world s children ; the sweet singing of the young maidens chorus ; and , too , the beautiful little ceremony at the end the seven silvery tones of a bell sounding far away and the moment ’ s perfect silence in which one ’ s whole heart was lifted up in spiritual aspiration . Never before was I so impressed with what I can only call the true religious feeling that pervaded all . ‘ ’

Was it fate again , or Karma , that Madame Tingley in her address briefly touched upon the subject about which I wished to as k her ? To me it seemed indeed a strange ‘ c a oincidence . T king as her subject , The Relation of Theo ’ - sophy to Present World Problems , she made the following reference to the part that home-life must play in the now rapidly unfolding drama of world reconstru ction : 10 KATHERINE TINGLEY : AN I NTERVI EW

Family life built u p of the unselfish efforts of parents and n childre alike will redeem the world . It will make of the home the spiritual center it should be . It is for this that families should work , and in this they will find their happiness and

“ fullest development . Parents who have the interests of their children and of humanity at heart will seek for the means to w follow this course ith their own loved ones . “ Let the coming generations see the preciousness of human life and the splendor and royalty of it . Imbue the children with a love for the higher harmonies and a distaste for any o f e thing that would mar the charm the hom , or its real

‘ advancement . Make the home the center of the true and ennobling life . Make it beautiful and attractive , even though it be simple . Cultivate love , j ustice and truth , and a clean life above all ; foster a love of art , literature , and music .

- Make these active factors in the home life . Parents l1v 1ng In such an atmosphere would guard the home - life; and would realize more fully the sacred ties of marriage and the responsi b ilities belonging thereto . f As I have o ten said before , when woman finds her true

nd . n place in life , man will fi his . Whe woman realizes the true n and f and power of woma hood wi ehood , their responsibilities , then man will also awaken to his own duties . Then we can see the possibility that home - life can be built on such a solid foundation that it will bring a higher and a richer expression of joy than we have ever dreamed of. And it will be proven

n ~ in such case , that true marriage is an eter al courtship . At the close of the service throngs of interested people gathered about the Theosophical L eader for a word with her or to clasp her hand . At last my opportunity came and

Mr . Fussell , her private secretary , who had met me when n e I entered the theater said , Madame Ti gley , Miss Clair ’ ! Merton asks to have just a moment s conversation with you . What is it you are most interested in ? ! asked Madame “ Tingley . I hope you enjoyed our simple service , though a I fear I sometimes startle my udience , and especially any who have only limited views of life . can I am seeking the Truth , I replied , wherever I KATHERINE TTNGLEY : AN INTERVIEW 1 1

f find it , though I am a firm believer in the words and li e of Jesus .

' a So too is every true Theosophist , added M dame a w hat M ad ame Tingley . H ve you ever heard Blavatsky ‘ a once said , that no true Theosophist has ever spoken ag inst Jesus ? We all revere him as one of the great Teachers of

Humanity though we hold he is not the only great teacher,

S . but that every race , every people has had its avior But ! W hat is it interests you most ?

At the present time , my interest and the real object of of my wishing to interview you , is to get an expression your

- views regarding marriage and home life , and I would like to quote what you have just said on the subject in your ad dress this evening .

Indeed you may , and I have spoken on the subject many times . The home is the foundation of national life , and I hold that if we are ever to have a golden age of happiness and peace we must begin in the home right now . The children of tod ay will be the men and women of tomorrow , the law

- makers and home builders of the future . “ But how dare anyone so misinterpret your teachings , as was done only recently in my presence , Madame Tingley, ! if you will permit the question ? n s n Perhaps some do not wish to u der ta d them , she “ n a a swered , smiling . There are some very de r people who appear absolutely satisfied with their limited knowledge of f religious thought , accepting but the one li e of seventy or a and n hundred years , looki g upon Theosophy as something strange and uncanny and even wicked . I f they would study for themselves they would find it is none of these , but that it a f sheds light upon all religions . U n ortunately the majority do not read or think for themselves but accept some others ’ - so if say , even those others be avowed enemies of Theosophy . “ “ That is true , I rejoined , and every teacher and re former has had to meet misunderstanding and even persecu n tio . But may I not quote you more fully as to your teachings on marriage and the home ? ! Madame Tingley graciously invited me to visit the Theo 1 2 KATHERINE TI NGLEY : AN INTERVIEW

' sophical Headquarters at Point Loma , and in response to my request , said that she would instruct her secretary to gi ve me excerpts from stenographic reports of herlectures and writings bearing on the subject . Of my ~ d elightful visit and the people I met I shall write

- - - . b e another time It was a never to forgotten day . N ow ‘ I however must keep to my present purpose . I availed ’ myself of taking notes from Madame Tingley s addresses and writings , and have selected the following , all bearing on

Marriage and the Home . In an interview accorded a representative of the Lond on

Dail Tele ra h r -t y g p , while in London on a lectu e our in 1907, Madame Tingley said : We have very strong views as to the sanctity of the

“ - marriage tie . We believe that the home is the altar of spiritual life . The following are mostly taken from addresses given by in l Katherine T g ey in Isis Theater, San Diego :

Where there is one marriage that has been entered into understandingly and sacredly , how many are there that have been consummated for selfish reasons or to gratify the am i i n b t o of parents or friends , or for the gratification of

Through the lack of knowledge of the laws of human life , how many have taken temporary physical attraction for the real thing ; and have entered into matrimony in anticipation of what they deem to be pleasures , based on selfish and passionate desires . So we find a large number on the wrong p ath , the downward path , not taking part in the building up n of the human race , not realizing or accepting the respo si

i . b ilities of parenthood , but d aring n their ignorance and selfishness to Open the way for souls to come to this earth plane on the basis of emotion and physical magnetism, or

- self interest , or social dictates demanded by the false standards of today all without preparation . “ Therefore it is quite natural that we should have d eplor n able conditions In the world today disharmony I the home, n unhappiness , sickly childre , divorces ; and also see our KATHERINE TINGLEY : AN I NTERVI EW 13

h cour ts crowded by criminals . Truly they are t e result of the false conception of marriage . They are the progeny of those who go into marriage hurriedly , without preparation , not n l of conscious of their divi e responsibi ities , with no sense the obligations of parentage .

Theosophy teaches that if we would build the nation righteously we must build our homes sacredly ; the sacredness of and fatherhood , motherhood , brotherhood must be better understood and appreciated .

Place the homes of a nation upon the right basis and the n nation itself will have nothi g to hold it back , nothing to a and thw rt the purposes of its collective life , nothing to ! regret .

Hundreds of men are on the downward track today because woman has failed to recognise her true position in life . ! n Oh ye wome of our modern time , establish new life in the n home ; build altars of royal service there , a d let the influence going out from these brood over all who suffer ; let the shining example of the purity of your lives and your loving charity for those women who live in the shadows of their mistakes uplift u yo r fallen sisters . Seek to prevent vice as well as t o cor rect it .

Home is the school of experience . It is the place of ff a ection , the center where children sh ould be born and bred in a and h rmony with all that is noble sweet and pure . We have of looked too long for help outside ourselves , and not enough a to the Christos spirit which is within , and which is a p rt of E the ternal Law .

far- f However etched it may seem , it must be presently recognised that there is a psychological force stronger than :1 4 KATHERINE TI NGLEY : AN INTERVI EW

words can paint . How carefully children are guarded against physical ills , and yet how they are exposed to psychological influences a hundred times more fatal because these destroy character and breed moral and mental disease . One of these ‘ ’ days a new X - Ray will be turned upon these psychological forces . Then how quickly fathers and mothers will run from some of the people whom they now enthusiastically entertain . Think of the ruined homes which result from the u n- wisdom of of the day, the wives who are martyred from their false sense of duty to men who are wholly unworthy ! Think of the children born under such conditions , children who must be and are simply moral abortions ! Shocking and startling as it may seem , it is well sometimes to be thus shocked and f n startled , and i human words can preve t such travesties and abortions , these words must be spoken throughout the land . Is there any one who dares to say such things are not facts ? — Is it not time to begin to apply the Christ - principles to the an a home , to build ltar in that sacred place and thus protect the innocence of the children of the present and all future generations ?

if r Oh ye women , you only knew your power in you n ! n homes , your power with your husba ds Men today ca not n rise , they cannot become what their souls are urgi g them to f n become until women fi nd the inner li e , this i ner knowledge , and this higher aspiration , make their homes something ! quite new .

She whose hand rocks the cradle can rule the destiny of the world woul d she but take her place . And for the woman of this age and this time never was there anything so splendid , heos0 h in so helpful , as Theosophy T p y the heart , in the

and . mind , in the life , in the home

' The human family is mov ing tow ard s the realization of f great truths . We should begin to build , there ore , on broader i and more unselfish lines of effort , and we should beg n in the

1 6 KATHERINE TINGLEY : AN INTERVIEW

hold W ithin themselves , in the very undercurrent of human life , a superb and glorious harmony . Woman in her true place , her true position , hand in hand with man in his true place , would bring about such a new order of things that we can hardly speak of, much less realize , the resul ting pos i ili i s b t es .

If we are to serve humanity rightly , we must begin our preparatory and remedial work right in the home .

s Theosophy teache that marriage is most sacred , but it is nevertheless the case that there are many s o- called marriages in which the true life has no place , as the records of the divorce courts show . Yet if we take the Theosophical interpretation of the marriage - tie we shall find it absolutely true that ‘ ’ whom God hath joined together no man can put asunder .

Theosophy teaches the necessity of a truer understanding and a closer relationship between parents and children , and it calls upon parents to realize more fully the sacredness of

- f their responsibility . Theosophy calls for a higher home li e , ! that the children may have high examples to guide them .

Indifferent motherhood is a hereditary taint , and it is being passed on to an alarming degree through the blood and ! marrow of our civilization .

I Much as I love my sex , know from personal contact with many mothers that there are many states or degrees of in different motherhood and that in many homes the young are ! growing up all wrong because of weaknesses along this line .

Homes should be schools of spiritual instruction , temples of love and unselfish service . ' KATHER I NE TrNGLEY : AN I NTERVI EW 1 7

If all homes were founded upon a true appreciation of the a sacredness of marri ge and its responsibilities , there would ! - be no need of Raj a Yoga Schools .

a Children who are trained to face their du l nature , to recognise the strength of their Divinity and to exercise self

b eneficent . control , will bring to the home an influence that is They will inspire their parents and carry out in deeds their highest aspirations .

- m The home life of the world must be refor ed , but we do

- not want brain mind work in such a reformation . We want

a - D D the he rt life , the ivine Fire , the ivine life , and the splen did , royal warriorship of men and women working together n for this great e d .

I have studied unfortunate home - conditions most thor oughly , and I know that Theosophy is the panacea for these ills . It will bless human life and sweeten it ; it will bring men and women together in a united home -life ; it w ill bring happiness to families in which there is disharmony , health where there now is sickness , and love and trust where now there is indifference and despair . It is my conviction of this ff ‘ that makes me bold , daring , indi erent to criticism , if I l ! can on y help .

I hold that woman should stand to man as the inspirer

' and the helper ; but I hold that when s he leaves the duties of her domestic life and gives too much of the best of herself f to doing what she considers her part in public li e , she is leaving the home open to influences that ultimately she ! cannot control .

I should like to see women shine in the twentieth century . a I think th t they have a great deal to do . 18 KATHER I NE TI NGLEY : AN INTERVIEW

n O ye fathers and mothers , who are ever aimi g to give to your children the best and who would sacrifice for them at any time , remember that it is your example , that it is the

- dignity and compassion of your soul life , that will enable you to give them your best . If we can c arry the meaning of brotherhood and Theosophy into the family- life of the world ; if w e ° can go into homes of discord and readjust them and n n bring about u derstandi g and peace , then the sacredness of f n li e and the sacred ess of parentage will be better understood .

Humanity must take a new view of marriage . Though the subject has been studied all down the ages , yet rarely do we hear of a marriage that in later years carries with it that a sacred tmosphere that should be there . True it is that the parents of the present d ay cherish high ideals and have their nd hopes , their dreams a their prayers ; yet how can two f souls expect to go through li e , doing their full duty to the of a n sacred obligations marri ge , whe all unacquainted with f the divine laws that should ashion their lives , when spiritual ! discrimination is sleeping ?

’ I could quote many more of Madame Tingley s utterances a and f on Marri ge the Home , for it is a avorite subject of hers which she often refers to in her public addresses . Her views and teachings on the subject are unmistakable , and more on has than that , e only to come into her presence to be convinced of her absolute sincerity . l nd — Further, one has only to V isit Loma a as the members affectionately call the International Theosophical Head quar ters at Point Loma and meet the members of the Universal heos0 hical n Brotherhood , and T p Society residi g there , to realize that these teachings are being actually put into prao L m l n tice in the daily life of the young and the old . o a a d is a n n Homela d , its very atmosphere betoke s high ideals , purity an nd f Lomaland f d sweetness , a the keynote o li e is helpful a no an an a service . Yet the people re t by y me s par gons , but

n . just wholesome , wholehearted , e ergetic workers The world could easily do with more like them . DO NAT ED BY KATHERINE T INGLEY Lomaland Photo E n rav i n D g g ept.

KATHERI NE TI NGLEY IN HER OFFICE K atherine Tingley : Theos ophis t

L H r B I v on . a y ers rris J .

How terribly malicious and revengeful some of these enemies of e c ac ha cer a n f hem d o not he a e Theosophy are , is evid n ed b y the f t t t t i o t sit t to slay their ow n reputations for tru thfulness for the pleasure of hitting !

l e t i o e h he ha e . hard or t ryi ng , at a l vents , o h t th s w om t y t H P V K . . BLA ATS Y

Y TA D A S NNAR BAKER , Lilian Whiting , Gertrude Steven l ‘ ’ son , John Hubert Greuse , Joseph Grady , and Yorick not to mention other well - known journalists in this country and abroad , have written appreciative sketches of the Theo sophical Leader , Madame Katherine Tingley . Mr . Baker , The American M a az n v iri it li e in g i e, referred to l y, f , as being “ her most noticeable characteristic . The . brilliant and re markable achievements of one of the most gifted and dis ! ’ tinguished daughters of N ew England was Lilian Whiting s ’ characterization of Madame Tingle s career . Writing in , y The Bo ton Herald a s , Gertrude Stevenson s id that Madame l Tingley was above a l things s incere. Mr . Greu sel in The “ ! Detroit Free Pre ff s s spoke of her sovereign ease in large a airs , “ and said that she seemed to combine in herself the con ! structive imagination of Catherine of Russia with the ’ al ide ism of a modernized Joan of Arc . Mr . Grady s appre ciation The De ver Po t , written for n s , spoke of her cosmopolitan ‘ ’ s culture , and cho e the adjective protean as best describing ’ her . Madame Tingley s name of course will be associated all for time with what the brilliant Western editorial writer , ‘ ’ Yorick , calls that wonderful institution over there on

Point Loma , compact of art , beauty , erudition , and the 22 KATHERINE TINGLEY : THEOSOPHI ST humanity that classifies mankind not in the categories of the merely material , but upon the broad basis of a spiritual force and law of which the material is only one incomplete manifestation . All these expressions concerning the Theosophical Leader

- emanated from high minded , thoughtful people , who sensed the greatness of her character and sought to render honor n where ho or was due . But they were not , I believe , very deep students of Theosophy , and therefore hardly in a position to write about her as a Theos ophis t. The present writer can claim some advantage in having been brought up from child ’ hood in Madame Tingley s wonderful Raj a - Yoga School and

College , in having served her daily for years in the intimate of relationship amanuensis , and in having traveled with her as private secretary over many parts of this country and

Europe . It is as a Teacher of Theosophy that this sketch aims to portray her . in l a With Katherine T g ey , the fundament l teachings of ‘ ’ - - Theosophy , the ancient Wisdom Religion , are not merely n f intellectual theories concerni g the great problems of li e , death , and immortality , not solely invaluable aids in meeting the trials and difficulties of mundane existence : they are all these and something besides . They are the daily path , with its myriad ramifications , upon which every thought and act

finds its way to serve , to cheer , to chasten or to inspire those whom Karma has brought within the sphere of her influence . These range from the youngest children in her school to men and women of international repute . To illustrate : so axiomatic with Katherine Tingley is the doctrine of the divinity and the perfectibility of man , that she regards as failures only those who cease their efforts to reach this goal , as successes only those who ever strive there after . Thus she has aided those who loyally accept her

’ guidance to taste that peace which passeth understanding , at the same time keeping alive within them that divine

‘ ' - n the are not ar dissatisfaction with thi gs as y as they , e on ’ account of other peoples doings , but as they are within our n selves , with our imperfectio s and undeveloped potentialities

24 KATHERINE TI NGLEY : THEOSOPHIS T

’ there lived one who could paint death s bright angel as she can . Her extemporaneous utterances at the memorial services of those whom she h as loved a nd ahelped and who have loved and served her are not only full of comfort and helpfulness for those who are left behind , but one sometimes imagines they must also help the depar ted souls on their journey to the brighter realms beyond . Perhaps the greatest; secret of her success as chief executive of the Theosophical Organization is her deep - seated com passion a compassion that takes heroic measures at times , like that of the surgeon who will amputate in order to save a compassion that demands courage and is willing to be misunders tood . N o feature of the Theosophical activities is too insignificant for her personal attention . Her students have often marveled at the pains she takes to see that every thing goes right . She is never satisfied to let things take h their course , unless she is confident they will take t e right one . She always extends a helping hand to those who seek it and will aid them as far as they will permit it . And the great secret of her success is that she generally helps them to help themselves and never encourages them to shirk their own responsibilities . These few suggestions may serve as index fingers pointing to the real explanation for the devoted loyalty of Katherine ’ n Tingley s followers . The principal cord that bi ds her stu f dents and workers to her is that of gratitude . Most o them know what her guidance has meant to them and feel it a privilege to serve her and the Cause she so ably represents .

This they do without money and without price .

fa - Like all great Leaders , she is r seeing and knows human a nature . She quickly recognises a person of ch racter and gives to each one under her guidance responsibilities com ‘ f mensurate with his capabilities and earnestness . Sel ’ a and directed evolution is one of her pet themes . Ag in again does she declare that real progress in character - building must b e ' attained by each student putting his own mental and

’ moral house in order , and then spiritual progress follows . for f The real secret , she says , is each one to conduct himsel KATHER I NE TI NGLEY : THEOSOPH I ST 25

honorably , to strive to live each day more worthily than the day before . And with the wonderful ideals and ethical teach

- ings of Theosophy as sign posts , she shows that the great secret of universal peace and happiness is for each one to strive to carry out the injunction of Jesus : Be ye therefore perfect , even as your Father which is in heaven is perfect . “

With all her idealism , she is not austere . Life is Joy is a slogan not only of the youngest pupils of the Raj a - Yoga School but of all the residents at the International Theo sophical Headquarters at Point Loma . Then too , being a f r lover of the beauti ul and a patron of art , she natu ally finds ‘ ’ in the humanities many expressions of man s higher nature . n Thus in the realms of music , drama , literature , and painti g , she has always upheld for her students the highest standards with most gratifying results . The Greek ideal of the good , the

in . true , and the beautiful holds an important place all her work While wealthy people from all over the world send their n children to her school , her humanitarian instincts have bee evidenced in her freely caring for and educating scores of homeless children , in working for the amelioration of the condition of prisoners and the abolition of capital punish n a a ment , in opposi g vivisection , in giving mor l uplift and affording entertainment and social pleasures to our soldiers and sailors , in relieving distress wherever she could , and whenever her means permitted . “ ! a n Theosophy , ccording to Madame Ti gley , must be ! ! f - applied to every department of li e , and Raj a Yoga , she s declares , is Theo ophy applied to education . This does not

- mean , however , that in the Raj a Yoga School the minds of r the young are bu dened with any specific religious doctrines , but that they are taught to be clean in mind and body , to be and i unselfish , kindly , obedient to properly constituted author t y ; and best of all , their tastes are directed along sane , wholesome , serviceable channels . With these fundamentals , when they arrive at an age of discretion , their minds are O pen to the truth ; a knowledge of the different languages , which they began to acquire in their childhood , has inbred in them a cosmopolitan culture and interest in international 26 KATHERI NE TINGLEY : THEOS OPH I ST history ; their acquaintance with the master - minds in the al re ms of literature , music , art , philosophy , and the drama has given them high standards ; and their association with

Katherine Tingley as Teacher , Friend and Guide has inspired their lives and has imbued them with that deep sense of duty to humanity upon which all true morality must rest , and “ which is so well expressed in her injunction to them : Children r of Light , as ye go forth into the wo ld , seek to render noble service to all that lives . This is the monument that Katherine Tingley has erected in the hearts of her students , and it is one which neither time nor the elements can efface ; for it is graven on the tablets of the human soul . It is the divine flame which will flow through the veins of future generations , stirring them to deeds of courage , of wisdom , and of compassion , worthy of the better world to come . Lomaland the Home

T heos ophy

By K enneth M orri s

HE great institution which has made the name of Point Loma famous throughout the world is the International Headquarters of the Universal Brotherhood and Theosophical 1875 Society , an organization which was founded in by

M adame H . P . Blavatsky , which after her death was led by de r William Q. Judge , and is now un r the di ection of his

in le . successor , Katherine T g y There are men there who have b een in the front rank as c d i business organizers , as artists ; in s ience , in me ic ne , in j ournalism and in the law ; as well as many skilful and success ful craftsmen . They are all , be it understood , members of the Society , and have worked as such for years in various E r N r s s parts of u ope , o th America and el ewhere ; thu , in a measure , earning the right to come to Point Loma and learn what is to be learned only there . The ir object is to gain and power and strength ability to go out and help mankind . l b o e e For the studies and a rs carri d on th re are , it should e and - be said , of a deep r more far reaching character tha n you shall find els ewhere . There is work in the Arts ; there is scientific research : one has but to read The Theosophical Path r r to ealize what impo tance is attached to this latter, and that it is carried on by students well qualified for the work ; but there is also res earch into the deeper side of life : into what e may be call d the science of the human soul , the real Occult ism . We must divest that word of the hideous associations which the trickery of Charlatans and the priests of Mammon ha ve woven around it ; and understand that it means insight 28 LOMALAND THE HOME OF THEOSOPHY into human nature and the power to call forth the best from every man . Ancient legends tell of a Golden Age far away beyond the z hori on of antiquity , when the sun was always shining , and there was no selfishness nor misery anywhere in the world . Some of the poets and romanticists have scooped up d ippers ful of the glimmering waters of it , and given us to taste of mys teries and marvels : insight into those delicate yet heroic worlds which bards in fealty to Apollo hold . When we were children , nearly all of us had dreams of such sunbright realms : dreams which fell away from us , slowly or at once , with the coarsening touch of the world and the growth of our own passions . As we grew up we lost our scatheless faith in the things of joy and beauty ; and whatever appeared most excellent , sooner or later we found the trail of some serpent over it all . But you come to believe in the Golden Age again when l you have seen something of Loma and . Beautiful places do not attract by their mere beauty ; that is , their loveliness does not consist merely in the things that the eye sees in them . There must be something else inwoven in the visible : an

’ inward and spiritual grace , a significance . Men must have

“ the done noble deeds there , to link outer beauty with the heart of man . Thus Greece and Italy are haunted with

Homer and the heroes , Rome and the Renaissance ; the Alps have William Tell and the indomitable history of Switzerland ;

s . the Andes , their memorie of the Incas and the Conquest ’ These airy nothings that hold and uplift men s souls are

generally , though unseen , the most potent . somethings in the world . Their presence is strong at the T heosophical Head quarters : an inner atmosphere that thrills ; as if exalted human activity had unlocked some door into the arcana ; ’ or smitten with prophet s power on the rock of externalities ,

- and set free compelling and life giving waters . All the wealth of color and all the sparkle of the sea , and the noble flow and and sweep of the hill lines , and the gray and violet aroma of the southernwood and yerba santa , and the mystery of the

- winding canyons, and the sun awakened loveliness of the DO NAT ED BY KATHERINE TINGLEY

LOMALAND THE HOME OF THEOSOPHY

f not slopes and the bounty of the sun himsel , will account for the spirit of joy and buoyancy that broods and nestles down over the place : a spirit and feeling that grow and grow upon

and . n you , never surfeit Twenty years or so o ly has Katherine Tingley been at work at Lomaland ; but what years they n ! n have bee , if the story were all told The wilder ess that she found is blossoming like a rose , like fairyland , like the

Garden of the Hesperides , or the Islands of the Blest in the West of the World . t for Certainly N ature did all tha she could the place , to begin with . She raised her delectable mountains to the east and ; l of it , colored them with jewel tints so that you cou d and only paint them , and the sky the herded clouds above - of them (when there are clouds) , with the hues of mother z pearl and rare shells , with amethysts , topa and opal . And the wizard mountains that they are , the long line of them ! from the snows of San Gorgonio in the north , always touched with faint orange and rose and sal mon , with dim forgetmenots find and such gray as you might in a pale iris , to the Table Mountain southward in Old Mexico : the whole horizon one a u flamin u b illowin great arc magic lly p g , p g with them , and haunted with a certain life that one feels ; as if they were p alaces of the Gods of some ancient Western Golden Age : i Gods calm , nscrutable , with many plumes and jewels of fire , who might awake from their mountain- hidden slumbers at any time to astonish the world indeed , perhaps , as your fancy tells you , who are awaking even now . And then westward are the sea and the sunset ; and it is an abode of mystery and glory when the two are together . You must ask the scientists why it is that the sun elects those

strange shapes for his setting . A Chinese lantern , orange and crimson , burning low in the purple and ashen rim of the sky :

a pyramid of fire upon the horizon ; a long , oval sun ; a little , m squat and lu inous pagoda ; the breastplate of a dragon , whose cloud - wings and glory are flung out from the north s — ! to the outh ; no , no by no means ask the scientists ; n for instead , let your imagi ation once run riot in fairyland , and be medicined with the waters of the Golden Age . There 30 LOMALAND THE HOME OF THEOSOPHY are flaming and beautiful beings out at festival over the water ; f forget your personality in the glamor o it , and taste the grand life of N ature ; b e baptized in a fountain that laves away our aches and cares and troubles . Self is the thief that ' stole from us our ancient titanism and fairy- haunted youth ; personality and passion robbed the world of its grandeur and — magic . Here they are again , my masters , here they are all the beauty and glory that poets a nd little children have ever ! dreamed Ah , she is voluminous and persistent , is Nature here ; flashing before the eyes of the dwellers there always the secrets of her impersonal splendor . She is as one with a with a magic wand : Voila ! and out before you is the core of the beauty of the world .

She does that everywhere , indeed , to a greater or less extent ; but somehow , when she and greedy man come into

V f . contact , it is generally man that is the ictor or the time and He fills her sky with smoke , strews her hills and valleys a n with old tin c ns and corrugated iron i iquities . But man has in Lomaland made his home , and carries on all the business f and N of li e here ; yet ature has nothing to regret , and very much indeed to rejoice over . a of f a : Those buildings t the top the hill , or inst nce the Raj a - Yoga Academy and the Temple of Peace she surely a n does rejoice over them . You c nnot classify them as belo g n of for ing to any k own style architecture , they are of a style : f a f by themselves with their per ect pill rs , their wonder ul of n harmony li es and curves , their two great domes , the one

- pale sea green and the other dark purple . Katherine Tingley a was the architect who designed them . Perhaps the l st criterion of beauty in architecture is the degree in which a building harmonizes with its surroundings : not that it should a f f be merely be uti ul in itsel , like a Gothic cathedral ; but n n a that it should ador the la dscape round it , and be as in a f necessary to that as beautiful eyes a be uti ul face . Beauti n n n ful these buildi gs are i themselves , certai ly ; but still more f a f Lomaland beautiful as the eyes o be uti ul , as the crown n jewels of the hill . O e must esteem the genius that planned them something beyond the ordinary : our greatest builders

32 LOMALAND THE HOME OF THEOSOPHY

has the privilege of appointing her successor , gave me the

power to carry out some of the plans I had long cherished . Among these was the erection of the great Homestead Build

- ing , now the Raja Yoga Academy . This I carefully designed that it might not stand apart from the beautiful nature about it , but in a sense harmonize with the sky , the distant moun n tai s , the broad blue Pacific and the glorious light of the sun . N o one dominated by selfish aims and ambitions was invited to take part in this pioneer work . Although there were scores of workers from various parts of the world uniting

f - their e forts with mine for the upbuilding of this world center , yet there was no disharmony . Each took the duty allotted to him and worked trustingly and cheerfully . A visitor notes ‘ with surprise that the cooking , the carpentering , the road m aking , as well as the teaching and the music , are done freely ; that the doctor , the dentist and the plumber, the

- monotype operator in the printing shop , and the engineer in the power plant , were all working W ithout wages , working ’ hard , and as far as I could see , very happy at their tasks . By organized efforts the troublesome household tasks are made easy , and not only are these carried on , but the students make most of their own clothing and much of their furniture . Many of the world ’ s ways these workers gladly left behind them . They seemed reborn with an enthusiasm that knew no defeat . The work was done for the love of it , and this is the secret of a large part of the success that has come to the

Theosophical Movement . “ N ot long after the establishment of the International

Theosophical Headquarters at Point Lorna , it was plain to see that the Society was advancing along all lines by leaps f ff and bounds . Letters of inquiry were pouring in rom di erent countries , which led to my establishing the Theosophical f Propaganda Bureau . This is one of the greatest actors we have in disseminating our teachings . The International Brotherhood League then opened its offices and has ever been : active in its special humanitarian work for orphan children ,

ff . prisoners , the unfortunate , and in the relief of su ering From the beginning the Aryan Theosophical Press has yearly

LOMALAND THE HOME OF THEOSOPHY 35 enlarged its facilities in answer to the demand made upon it through the publication of Theosophical literature . There of D a a D is the Isis Conservatory Music and r m , the epartment a n D of Arts and Cr fts , the I dustrial epartment , includ

- - En a ing Forestry , Agriculture , Road building , Photo gr ving , a e Chemical laboratory , C rpentry and Plumbing , Landscap ! Gardening and many other crafts . a on Of this list of activities , a ch pter might be written every item ; one must however , take a glance at the wonderful ’ - E one in le s Raj a Yoga System of ducation , of Katherine T g y many revelations to the world . Fifty years ago we used to imagine that if society were run by scientists it would be perfect ; now we incline to the idea that a general direction of aff airs by business men is the desideratum . The truth is that n of f all n every departme t li e , sorts and co ditions of men , ar not a are necessary ; so long as they e men , and caric tures or slanders on humanity . The supreme touch comes not in one f n mere proficiency in any pro ession , nor in any me tal f qualification ; but in the soul itsel , the submerged divinity within us all . We train our children for this or that business or profession ; and too often omit to train them to be men n n a d women , gloriously huma , masters of themselves . But at this International Theosophical Center the whole of a a aim educ tion is tow rds this soulhood . The work of f teaching is carried on rom that standpoint . All the faculties are n a a developed , but o ly as me ns to the end that the real manhood may be developed . It is not great artists or great business men or great scientists that the world is crying out for ; but men and women who hold the balance of things and can within themselves , meet all situations and turn the ’ n in - wro g they meet to right . Katherine Tingley s Raj a Yoga n System is meeting this eed . The ordinary schools look on the f a ar f problems of li e , which their schol rs e to ace , as being chiefly concerned with matters of bread and butter and the

. a like But the re l problems are those within . I f a man is of f n ‘ master himsel , dispassio ate and compassionate ; if he can it a n n lord over his w ndering mi d , co centrating that entirely on the present duty ; the bread and butter question 36 LOMALAND THE HOME OF THEOSOPHY

will never appear before him as a problem at all . His problems : will be to stop vice , to rescue the fallen, to better the life of and f the world ; he will find himsel capable of solving them .

In the article above quoted , Katherine Tingley explains the educational ideals she has brought into actuality thus :

In the Raj a - Yoga College and School the term education n has a much wider sig ification than is usually given it . The basis of this whole education is the essential divinity of man and the necessity for transmuting everything in his nature which is not divine . To do this , no part can be neglected and the physical nature must share to the full in the care and attention which are required . N either can the most assiduous training of the intellect be passed over ; it must be made subservient however to the forces of the heart . The intellect must be the servant , not the master, if order and equilibrium

are to be attained and maintained . In such a system as this , t “ it is necessary hat all service be voluntary , and therefore no salaries whatever are paid . The aim of true education is not to acquire a store of facts . For this a retentive memory is fin alone the requisite , and we d all too often in the world that memory and knowledge are accredited with an identity they in no way deserve . True education is the power to live in harmony with our environment and power to draw out from the recesses of our Ow n nature all the potentialities of character and divine life .

- The education in the Raj a Yoga system , therefore , is not confined to the receipt of information at certain stated

f . f hours o the day , and in a specified manner In act , the

- whole life here may be regarded as education . A well known writer has recorded with surprise the reply of the oldest living worker in the community to the question why he lived there : ’ ‘ n I am a student , I am learning . At the I ternational Theo E of ll n . sophical Headquarters , a are stude ts very hour the of day , every activity of body or mind , is part the educa tional process . It consists of the regulation of the whole life upon the highest ideal , which must govern the most hidden thought as effectually as it does the mutual relationship LOMALAND THE HOME OF THEOSOPHY 37

t of the students . Theosophy is not a metaphysical abstrac ion T nor a system of intellectual gymnastics . his is proved by the success which attends the broad application of its philo ! sophy to the needs of hu man life .

Therein lies the secret of Lomaland ; therein the secret of ’ - Katherine Tingley s own ever V ictorious career . One can but has be conv inced , when one seen a little of the life there , that maland there is something at work in Lo , more real than anything known in mod ern times ; some principle , some f method o living discovered , of which the world knows nothing ,

' e or which it has forgotten long since . On side of life , and that f the noisiest , the oremost , the most insistent everywhere f — the wil ully selfish side , to wit is entirely absent ; hence there is room for all splendid things in human nature to grow Do o sa and blossom . but lo k at these children , and y if they are not to out- distance all competitors in whatever line of life And they may pursue . yet they have not , and will not have , any idea of competing ; nor desire to do so . Say if there are not great poets and artists , great lawyers and professional and business men , in their ranks . Why , you do not doubt it .

s - With that ab ence of self consciousness , that alertness and n n conce tration , that grace and dig ity , it could not be other wi se . Many of them have been in the school since the time of their birth ; always under watchful eyes ; always under the n of influe ce the highest , most impersonal , wisest love . They are not allowed to go wrong ; they are brought to study the and divinity of their real nature , how to win battles against of the lower part themselves . They are manly , boyish , or

a - wom nly , girlish , and unspoiled : eager after self mastery . n If all children were so trained and guarded , ge ius would be the rule , not the exception . You see them , and your pes s imism falls away from you ; for you realize that a new race n is comi g into being , that will do something real towards the f n x lifi upli ti g of the world . It is a new and practical e emp ca tion of the truth that whoso seeketh first the kingdom of

Heaven , all things else shall b e added unto him . Another department at the International Theosophical 38 LOMALAND THE HOME OF THEOS OPHY

Headquarters at Point Loma that must be mentioned is the

Aryan Theosophical Press . Besides many books on Theo

sophy yearly , no less than four magazines are issued here : The Theos o hical Path f p , the o ficial organ of the Universal

’ El end ero Teo Brotherhood and Theosophical Society ; S s ofi co, which has won for itself so high a place among the magazines of Rd a Yo a M e en er n the Iberian world ; the j g ss g , writte and

n of - edited by young stude ts the Raj a Yoga College , girls k and boys , and dedicated to the children of the world ; and “ The N ew Wa y, for prisoners and others, whether behind the ! bars or not , designed to give a simple , optimistic philosophy of life distributed gratis in most of the state prisons in the

U . . A . S , also in hospitals , and a special edition being pub i d l she . a for soldiers and sailors The Ary n Theosophical Press , of and ff truly , is a marvel productiveness e iciency ; but in ff other respects , what a contrast it a ords to the great printing a of ! est blishments the land There is the clank of machinery , of and the palpitating engines , the perpetual click clatter of the monotype and casting machine ; but there is a lso the magical canyon winding down from before the wide windows f to the Pacific ; there is the croon of the waves from a ar , and

n - n nn the song of the mocki g bird , the bloomi g of i umerable of And n flowers , the scent aromatic acres . the magazi es that a are produced , with their carefully written rticles and ex qu isite illustrations in themselves they are a proof that there is nothing slipshod about Theos0phy ; that it is the

f of of n . gospel of per ect work , the taking infi ite pains The clic es for i f h the p ctures , whose excellence has so o ten been of n commented on in the press two contine ts , are all the work of the Photographic and Engraving Department at Point of Loma , which is in charge of one of the young graduates

- the Raj a Yoga College . Some of the students at the International Theosophical

Headquarters at Point Loma worked under Madame H . P . n heos0 hical 1875 Blavatsky , who fou ded the T p Society in , 1 1 n and remained its Leader until her death in 89 . They k ew n and n her perso ally , were brought i to daily contact with the power and genius that so startled and aroused the world some

40 LOMALAND THE HOME OF T HEOSOPHY

r l And further , Kathe ine Ting ey has always been a philan thropist . She had been such long before she became known to the world as the Head of the Theosophical Movement : a worker in prisons , a rescuer of the fallen, a lover and helper has n of children . Since then she tur ed , as one might say , one hand of the Theosophical Society to philanthropic work ; and the other to that which must stand behind philanthropy , unless the latter is to be a mere plowing of the sands : the work f of teaching the true philosophy of li e , in whose light men can come to live uprightly , beneficially for the race . Turn to the record of her visit to Santiago de Cuba at the close of

- the Spanish American War , when she fed thousands that were

n e . starvi g , and t nded thousands that were sick Should you look into the lives of the many wordy claimants to spiritual wisdom who ad vertise and advertise themselves find inconsis these days , you would , it is likely , innumerable

n ies . at te c , rampant selfishness ; often viler things still But maland n in l : Lo , u der Katherine T g ey , this rule is applied the first ess ential condition on which real spiritual advance ment depends is absolute purity of life and u nselfishnes s of purpose . Go up and down there , and search where you will , you shall not find that which rings untrue . Katherine Tingley makes a challenge to every member of her organization , and r particularly to those who come to Point Loma , to make thei lives shining examples , letting no dark corners remain in them : to fit themselves by study , and by the utmost purity of

d . mind , bo y and motive , to become potent helpers of mankind Brief Chronology

of some

Important Ev ents In the History

T heosophi cal M ov ement

l r h at Ek aterinoslaff ou hern Ru a of He ena 183 1 J u y 31 . Bi t , , s t ssi , l

a er of olonel Pe er H ahn and He ena Fad e ef. Petrovna Hahn, d ught C t l y

1845 T ak en b y her father to Paris and London. l a k ou nc l or of a e La er 1848 July 7 . M arried N . B av ts y , C i l St t . t , ’ n e in Euro ana a Nort and traveled (at her father s expe s ) pe , C d h l n n a a En lan Nor h Central America , Eng a d , I dia J v , g d t n a h ere Lel in La ak h 1856 T i e n a Ameri ca , I dia C s m , i d ( ) b t , I di

E G reece Pale ne 1867 Par and N ew ork the E ast , gypt , , sti ( is , Y ,

n u 1 3 . arrivi g J ly 7, 87

1874 She met W ll a . u e w ho at once eca e her u l and i i m Q J dg , b m p pi , at her death succeed ed her as Leader of the Theosophi cal Movement . f 1875 S eptember 8 . Formation o the Theosophical Society at H . P. ’

H . P l k W . . u e and e Blav atsk s roo . Pre en : . a a our en y ms s t B v ts y, Q J dg , f t others. ’ — P b l I nv led H P Bl s k 1877 u ication of s is U ei , . . av at y s first book . — ecem er H . l k le w k 1878 D b 1 8 . P. B avats y ft N e Yor for I ndia, to enlarge the work of her Society . — 1879 The magazine The Theos ophis t founded and edited in I ndi a P a k b y H . . Blav ts y . P 1 880 H . . Blavatsk y visited Ceylon. H P l r 1881 . . B avatsk y delive ed the celebrated message to the Brah ‘ ’ man f All ahab a k no n as the Pra T s o d , w yag heosophi cal Society Letter, se v erel cr c n cer a n rahman ca rac ce h - a y iti izi g t i B i l p ti s , particularly c ild marri ge . 1 883 - or a on of the Ar an Theo o h cal ork F m ti y s p i Society at N ew Y ,

b W ll a . u e who w as elec e Pre en and rema ne uch u n y i i m Q J dg , t d its sid t i d s til is e in 1 n h d ath 896 . I to this Soci ety the Parent TheOSOphical Society merged itself .

1884 A ril . H . P. la a k e n a f r o re rn n t p 7 B v ts y l ft I di o Eur pe , tu i g o n a a r i e c e I di l te n connexion with fals harg s made against her. (See I ncid ents i n the H t r t is o y of he Theos ophical Mov ement. )

5 ‘ 1 885 H . P. la a k re urne to Euro e W u ur O en B v ts y t d p rzb g , st d , P ' ar . W . t u e re urne Am r a . T et et is . Q J dg t d to erica f om a visit to I ndi he S Doctrine e n b H P l b gu y . . B avatsk y . 1886 A ril W u T e Path m ne and b ecam p . . Q . J dge founded h agazi ; e 42 CHRONOLOGY OF IMPORTANT EVENTS

L rm e or. o e o e in o on. The Soc e b l its dit dg f d B st i ty esta ished in I reland . — 1887 H . P. la a k ook u re B v ts y t p sidence in London, founding and

e n the a a ne Luci er. r on en on of the A er diti g m g zi f Fi st C v ti m ican Section.

1888 - la a k Lo e orme . r h B v ts y dg f d B itis Section formed , and other En l h L l o e e a he . Pub l ca on of The S ecret Doctrine H g is dg s st b is d i ti b y . P. l l H P l ‘ ’ a a k . E a h en b . . a a k of the E B v ts y st b is m t y B v ts y soteri c Section, ‘ ’ a er ar the Ea ern and E o er c choo f T ft w ds st s t i S l o heosophy . The Universal ro her oo r an a on ou n e in 1 89 f B t h d O g iz ti , f d d 8, o whi ch the Theosophical e m n e r l r Society b ca e an i t g a pa t , is the expansion Of the E astern and E so

teric School .

A P e e b l he 1 889 r an r a b W . . u e in ew rk y ss st is d y Q J dg N Yo . The K ey to Theos o h and The Voice o the S ilence r en and b e p y f w itt pu lish d b y H . P. m on f th The a a k . or a o e o o ca Soc e in e en ebru r Bl v ts y F ti s phi l i ty Sw d , F a y 1 0, with Dr. G u stav ! ander as President .

r 2 n r 1890 Ma ch 6 . I co poration of the Aryan Theosophical Society f w r w ork o N e Yo k , at N e Y City . De H l k 1 9 1 M a 8 a h of . P. a a at 1 A enue L 8 y . t B v ts y 9 v Road , ondon .

D - l European Section formed . u tch Be gian branch formed . Purchase of

1 4 A en e w rk the Ar T e l 4 Madison v u , N e Yo , b y yan h osophica Society , and re f n n na H establishment the o the I ter atio l eadqu arters . Publication of

E choes rom t e rient . u e . f h O (W . Q J dg ) — k e a t e P rl amen f Rel n 1 893 W . . u e o t h a o o ca o Q J dg sp , i t igi s, Chi g , ‘ ’ ‘ r e n s T le n r l r to eno mou s me ti g , on heosophy in the Bib , U ive sa B otherhood

’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ T f e a Fac t in N atu re, he Unsectarian Natu re o the Soci ty , and E ducation .

u e . Publication of The Ocean of Theos ophy (W . Q . J dg ) r n o 1 894 Ap il 22 . Eighth Annu al Ameri can Conve ti n, at San Fran

re n n - r nche eclare in an er to cer a n cisco, rep se ti g eighty seven B a s, d d , sw t i n n m n b el e in the n e r and u r h n attack s , its u a i ou s and unswervi g i f i t g ity p ig t ess

l u e. of W il iam Q . J dg ‘ ’ f The E o er c c on r W . . u e ook c n ro o Se N ovembe 3 . Q J dg t o t l s t i ti ' throu ghou t the world .

r f Am r n c on hen w as 1 895 Ap il. Ninth Convention o the e ica Se ti , w it lm n m r f ele a e to reor an e chan n resolved b y an overwhe i g aj o ity o d g t s g iz , gi g ‘ ’ the name to The Theo o h cal Soc e in A er ca and e ec n W . . s p i i ty m i , l ti g Q - mm el llo e Ju dge President for life . The other W orld Sections i ediat y fo w d this example . — T n le D f . u e . a her ne a M ar h 21 e h o W . 1896 c . a t Q J dg K t i i g y , p f e en o n e b W . . u e as his u cce or eca e Lea er o the o p i t d y Q J dg s ss , b m d M v m t throughou t the world .

u ne her ne Tin le or an e and con u c e the rea ru a e j 7 . Kat i g y g iz d d t d g t C s d

rl en n A r l 4 1897 . of Ameri can Theosophists around the wo d , di g p i ,

- f the hool of An u a at 1 897 February 23 . Com er stone o Sc tiq ity l id

P m her ne Tin le Lo u G rou or an e . n erna ona o n Lo a b a . i t , y K t i g y t s ps g iz d I t ti l T n l ummer Home in Brotherhood L eague formed b y Katherine i g ey . S N ew Jersey estab lished b y Katheri ne Tingley for children of the crowded DO NAT ED BY NGLEY KATHERINE T l J CHRONOLOGY OF IMPORTANT EVENTS

W re Hom distri cts of the East Side of N ew York City . ayfa e estab lished

T n le at u f alo New ork for e u e o en. The b y Katherine i g y B f , Y , d stit t w m

r eek l a er e ab l he and e e b a her ne T n le . N ew Centu y , 3 w y p p , st is d dit d y K t i i g y r t The name w as afterwards changed to Centu y Pa h.

o in ew ork of the Un er al 1 898 January 1 3 . Form ati n N Y City iv s e T n le Brotherhood , by Kath rine i g y .

r n n of the Theo o h cal Soc e in Amer ca Februa y 1 8 . The Conve tio s p i i ty i , r ele a e to en er a lar er arena and i en in Chicago, resolved , th ou gh its d g t s, t g w d r an n in h h cope b u n n i h the Un er al ro herhoo O a o , c its s , y iti g w t iv s B t d g iz ti w i

n e b H P. a a k and o her the parent Theosophical Society , fou d d y . Bl v ts y t s , T l w s fi c all rec n e as Lea er and w as merged . Ka therine ing ey a of i y og is d d n T o l e Offici al H ead of the Universal Brotherhood a d heos phica Soci ty , f l or ife .

‘ T e ca E uro e ook the a me ac on February 23 . The h osophi l Soci ety in p t s ti ; qu ick ly followed b y the Theosophical Societies in other parts of the world . f Art u c and Drama e a l he in N ew June. The Isis Leagu e o , M si , st b is d

York by Katherine Tingley. l e b l he at on k Lon lan b Au gu st. Emergency hospita sta is d M tau , g Is d , y e n f k l f Am r can Arm Katherine Tingley, wh re thou sa ds o sic so diers o the e i y el m n returning from the Cub an campaign were gi ven r ief b y nursi ng , edici es ,

’ o r rh l b e ab l he hr u u the rl clothing , etc . B ys B othe ood C u s st is d t o gho t wo d T l b y Katherine ing ey .

! — r r E e on for rel e ork n u a or an e b l 899 Feb ua y . xp diti i f w i C b g iz d y

l rk . K atheri ne Tingley, in pursuance of I nternationa Brotherhood Leagu e wo r l Ap il 1 3 . Congress of the Universal Brotherhood and Theosophica c ne at P n m l m m r m So i ety ope d oi t Lo a , Ca ifornia, and attended b y e bers f o all parts of the world.

S e tember 1 3 . on re in S oc k holm S e en or an e b a her ne p C g ss t , w d , g iz d y K t i T n l A rece on en b the memb er f the r an a n w as i g ey . pti giv y s o O g iz tio a en e n c f tt d d b y Ki g Os ar o Sweden and his suite .

October 6 . E u ro ean on re of the r an a on at r h on En lan ? p C g ss O g iz ti B ig t , g d 1 eb rua r a h r T l y 900 F y 1 3 . K t e i ne ing e took u p her permanent resi ence at Po n Loma al rn d i t , C ifo ia, after having purchase d large property at that place for the World - Ce nter and H eadqu arters of the Universal Brother hoo and Theo o h cal e d s p i Soci ty and all its Departments . r D N ovembe 11 . ed ication of the Aryan M emorial Temple b y the

stu dents of Lomaland .

1 l - 901 Ju y 1 . Building of the Open Air Greek Theater commenced

at the n erna onal Theo o h cal H ea u rt r P n m le e I t ti s p i dq a e s , oi t Lom a ; co p t d in No emb er the r one b l v ; fi st ui t in the U . S . A .

1902 arch 7 . Purcha e f H D l f r M s o Opera ou se , San i ego, Ca ifornia, o the u l c e os on of Th p b i xp iti eosophy, dramatic and other work , b y Katherine Tin le - m . Re na e as t e I s i t g y d h s Thea er on M ay 1 8 .

N ovember m . A nu b er of or h n l w p a Cuban chi dren, on their ay to Po n o a ere e i t L m , w d tained at N ew York through the efforts of the Gerry CHRONOLOGY OF IMPORTANT EVENTS

c P r u an an So iety . u s t to appeal m ade to the Government b y Katherine

T n le o oner- General r en f m f i g y, C mmissi Sa g t o the I migration O fice, v isited Po n Lo a and a er a horou h n i t m , , ft t g i vestigation, reported most favorably to the Government ; and in December the children reached Point Loma safely . 1903 K atherine Tingley gained her libel su it against the Los Angeles T m s h ch w as orce to a he m i e , w i f d p y avy da ages for its slanderou s attack u pon her. m er - N ove b . Ra a o a hoo ene j Y g Sc ls Op d in Santiago, Cuba, and San D l rn e a o a . a her ne T n le e i go, C if i K t i i g y visit d France, Italy, Egypt , Ceylon,

China, and Japan.

‘ 4 Decemb r - r 190 e . First nu mber of The Raja Yoga M ess enge , an illus trated a a ne e o e to the h her e u ca on of ou h con uc e b m g zi d v t d ig d ti y t , d t d y

f the Ra a- e P n L m pu pils o j Yoga Coll ge, oi t o a, Californi a . ’ 1906 Ju ly . The W oman s I nternational Theosophical League es l r n T l tab ished b y Kathe i e ing ey .

- S e tember. Ra a h l ne n P r l i a . p j Yoga Sc oo ope d i ina d e R o, Cu b

N ovem er 2 - f n n T 1908 b 9 . Corner stone o the Cu ban I nter atio al heo

H r r l sophical eadqua te s aid on the San Juan Hill property, Cu ba, purchased by Katherine Tingley in 1907.

- ebruar . en n f h l n n a lara u a . 1909 F y Op i g o Raj a Yoga Sc oo i Sa t C , C b

1 1 ar r T e r f The 9 1 M ch 1 7 . Fi st performance, in the Isis h ate , o

Aroma Athens arran e b aher ne T n e of , g d y K t i i gl y . The llu ra e n hl ma ne f th n er al ro herhoo Ju ly . i st t d mo t y gazi s o e U iv s B t d b and Th ic L ciet T e T e s hical Path . . A. e e eosoph a So y, viz h h o op (U S ) dit d y a her ne Tin le and the ma a ne u l he un er her rec on in K t i g y, g zi s p b is d d di ti n l rm H ll n er mul aneou l en ar e E g and , Sweden, G e any , and o a d , w e si t s y l g d , l r r uc on on the co er and appeared for the first time with a co or ep od ti , v ,

f he mb l c a n n en le The Path now in Lomaland . The new o t sy o i p i ti g tit d , S an h a a ne El S end ero Teos b ico e e b a her ne T n e p is m g zi , f , dit d y K t i i gl y, me m appeared at the sa ti e . ’ t r b l n Tin le of the en n er Oc obe 2 7 . Esta ishment b y Katheri e g y M s I t H national Theosophical L eague of u manity .

ne e in a an . The K ey to Theos ophy published in Japa s , J p ‘ N v em er The N ew Wa m n hl a a ne For r oner and o her o b . y , a o t y m g zi p is s t s ’ h er n the b ar r n e ab l he b a her ne T n le . Se era w eth behi d s o ot , st is d y K t i i g y v l b e mon hl ree a on thou sand copies of this magazine are distri ut d t y, f , m g r prisone s .

— - l n S e en and Den 19 12 N ov ember December. Katheri ne Ting ey i w d l un a on of e en e Theo mark ; and in Ita y , where she laid the fo d ti xt siv

Sophical work .

e b a her ne Tin le 19 13 March 1 3 . Pu blic announcement mad y K t i g y n res s to b e hel at V n o of an I nternational Theos ophical Peace Co g , d isi gs ,

e en in une of ha ear. Sw d , J t t y

her ne T n le calle u on M ay 4 . In an address at Isis Theater, Kat i i g y d p - 4 “ ! J J o

“ 4 CHRONOLOGY or IMPORTANT E VENTS 5

k e lace as the r na on in the or for Peace. A . to a U . S . t its p fi st ti w ld

- The n erna ona Theo o h cal Peace on re con ok e June 22 29 . I t ti l s p i C g ss v d

e h or c lan of V n o S e en. b y Katherine Tingley w as held on th ist i is d isi gs , w d ' w i e a h or ca la The oreru nners , as Among nu merou s other activ ti s ist i l p y , F

nd a ec al can a a The Peace Pi e, presented ; al so The Aroma of Athens ; a sp i t t , p le w as erec e con a n n a fine e b on of w as rendered . A G reek temp t d t i i g xhi iti

ore n ar nclu n a en collec on pictures b y Swedish and f ig tists , i di g spl did ti ’ re er ar u l u ron er . donated permanently b y Sweden s p mi tist , J i s K b g

e held a her ne T n le h her ar of Peace De e a , A ugu st. K t i i g y wit p ty l g t s herlan and a en e the pub li c mee tings in several cities in the N et ds , tt d d here the Ra a- o a S u en s T wentieth Peace Congress at The Hagu e , w j Y g t d t f t e ele a e al o he a u c s ang at t he Opening se ssion. Some o h d g t s s ld p bli l ee n ere hel in r G erman . O her u c me eting in N tirnb e g , y t p b i m ti gs w d

London and Boston. Pu l c announcemen b a her ne T n le of the 1 9 14 J u ne 1 6 . b i t y K t i i g y Parliament of Peace and Universal Brotherhood to assemb le in the G reek

m land ur n 19 15 . T heater, Lo a , d i g

a - a ree Summer Schoo for Poor h ren of Lon on Ju ly . R j a Yog F l C ild d ,

ne T n le at lee H an En lan . e stab lished b y Katheri i g y F t , ts , g d t b r em er 28 u e e a her ne T n le to the S ep em e 3 . Sept b s gg st d by K t i i g y

r P e Da f r the N a on . President of the U . S . A as a Sac ed eac y o ti s l on r en e b a her ne T n le to Sacre S eptember 7 . Reso uti s p es t d y K t i i g y d Peace Day Committee telegraphed to President W ilson u rgi ng him to call u pon all neu tral Powers to call a halt in the w ar and hold a council of all H Powers in the Peace Palace at The agu e .

r 2 r P ce Da for th a o cele ra e in n S eptembe 8 . Sac ed ea y e N ti ns b t d Sa l T Diego b y a grand pageant and b y pub lic mee tings he d in the Isis heater. l er October. Katheri ne Tingley and party held pub ic meetings in sev al ’ c e of Ar ona in aid of Go ernor Hun e or for the ab ol on of iti s iz , v t s ff ts iti capital punishment in that State .

19 1 5 Ju ne 22 . Katherine Tingley opens the I nternational Parliament f l r erh o Peace and Universa B oth ood in the G reek Theater, at the I nter na onal Theo o h cal Hea uar er Po n Lo a l ti s p i dq t s , i t m , Ca ifornia. 2 l June 3 . Pu b ic Meeting of the Parliament of Peace and Universal r T e Brothe hood at Isis heat r, San Diego.

R - e c June 25 . e d di ation by Katherine Tingley of the Aryan Memo ‘ ri al Temple ar the I nternational Theosophi ca l Headquarters as The T em ’ l e p e of Peac .

u l he e T n J y 6 . Kat rin i gley speak s at the International Congress of W omen W ork er to romo e Perm n s p t a ent Peace, at San Francisco.

Au us t The Ar l g 1 1 . chaeo ogi cal I nstitu te of America on invitation from Katherine Tingley holds an adj ourned session of its Annual Meeting (whi ch e an in San ranc co in h F ) , t e G reek Thea er, School of An u I n er b g is t tiq ity, t na onal Theo o h cal Hea r e P L ti s p i dqua t rs , oint oma, California .

October 6 . a her ne T n le e a l he n D e K t i i g y st b is s, i San i go, University 46

E en on Lec ures in conne on h the Sc ool of An xt si t xi wit h tiquity . These ec u re ha e nce een u he as Pa ers o the S chool o Ant l t s v si b p blis d p f f iqu ity . October 1 1 Theo o h cal De en e Lea ue orme b s p i f s g f d y K atherine Tingley . 19 16 anuar 24 J y . Special performance of As You Like I t b y students f the - o Raj a Yoga College u nder direction of Katheri ne Tingley a t the Thea er San D e o in aid of l Isis t , i g , F ood S u fferers . ebr r F ua y 1 3 . Special performance of Twelfth N ight b y stu dents of the

- Ra a o a Colle e u n er rec on of a her ne T n le at her I Thea er j Y g g d di ti K t i i g y sis t , San D e o in aid of e h i g , J wis Relief F und . une 1 7 h J . Kat eri ne Tingley V isits New York to force retraction b y the New York World of certain libelou s statements emb odied in an artic le re ou l ub l he b u c p vi s y p is d y it , s h statements be ing in the main tak en from previous newspaper pu blications and repeated at intervals for several years past .

ul ~ J y 9 . Retraction pu blished b y the N ew York World un der the head ‘ ing The T ru th Ab ou t Katherine Tingley ; a Statement of Fac ts Pub lished in u ce to the Un er a ro herhood and Theo o h cal c j sti iv s l B t s p i So iety, and of ’ Lea er and ffic l He l its d O ia ad . Simi ar retractions were also afterwards he b the Oakland Tribune k l publis d y (Oa and , and the S alt La ke k Telegram (Salt La e City , Utah) . r 2 6 a he T l 19 1 7 Ma ch . K t rine ing ey V isits Sacramento to appeal to the Legislature Committee against the passage of the Prendergast Bill

r e for the u se of uncla e n m l f which p ovid d im d a i a s or vivisection . The Bill w as vetoed b y Governor W m. D . Stephens .

er ne T n le n l r l June 1 3 . Kath i i g y ope s a ge ha l in her Isis Theater Build in n D e o as a Recrea on en er for Sol er and a l r g , Sa i g , ti C t di s S i o s , afterwards n one of the E o on u l n in alb oa Park an D acquiri g xp siti b i di gs B , S iego, for e e ur o e and al o n en er a nmen at or R th sam p p s , s givi g t t i ts F t osecrans ,

n L ma and en er a n n a lar e num er of ol er and a l r Poi t o , t t i i g g b s di s s i o s every at the n erna onal Theo o h ca Hea u ar er an Sunday I t ti s p i l dq t s, m y times n ec a ro ram for the enl e men in the G reek Thea er n er givi g sp i l p g s ist d t , I t H u r er P n L a and n national Theosophical eadq a t s, oi t om , i her Isis Theater D in San iego. D 19 19 March 2 4 . Publicity epartment for Theosophy estab lished e al r a n ork b y Katherine Tingley for sp ci p op ga d a w . 2 a her ne T n le accom an b el e Ra a—o a stu April 5 . K t i i g y , p ied y tw v j Y g

r le u re- our lec ur n in N ew ork o on W a h n on dents, sta ts on a ct t , t i g Y , B st , s i gt , l Ch ca o M nnea o and o her c e . i g , i p is t iti s

a herine T n le a a n ar on a lec ure- r S eptember 1 4 . K t i g y g i st ts t tou , speak ing in several cities of the eastern states .

T l e o e ion of her ch l hoo m December. K atherine ing ey acquir s p ss ss i d d ho e , b a s on the ank of the err ac R er Laurel Crest , N ew uryport , M s , b s M im iv ,

t e oe ohn G reen ea W h er. immortalized b y h p t , J l f itti

r n f he Th h December 23 . Founding and I ncorpo atio o t eosop ical Uni H u er P n L n erna ona Theo o h cal ea ar o o a . v ersity, at the I t ti l s p i dq t s, i t m

Th e Int e rn a t ion a l Brot h e rh ood Le a g u e

Found ed in 1 897 by K atherine Tingley

I TS OBJ ECTS ARE

1 T e men and o en t real e l f l . o h lp w m o iz the nobi ity o their ca ling and their true position in life .

2 . T o educate children of all nations on the broadest lines of Universal

Brotherhood , and to prepare destitu te and homeless children to become work ers for hu manity .

T m l r f 3 . o a e io ate the condition o unfortunate women, and assist them to a higher life .

4 T o w r r e n l he . o assist th se ho a e, o have be n, i prisons to estab ish t m r selves in hono able positions in life .

5 . To abolish capital punishment .

- 6 . To b ring abou t a better u nderstanding between so called savage and c l e race b ro o n a c o er and ore a he c re a on h ivi iz d s , y p m ti g l s m symp t ti l ti s ip between them.

T l f l r fl m w nd 7 . o re ieve hu man su fering resu ting f om ood , fa ine, ar, a her cala e n ne ll t e n id he and co or to u f er n ot miti s ; a d , ge ra y, o xte d a , lp , mf t s f i g hu manity throughout the world .

re For further information regarding the above Notices , add ss

KATHERI NE T INGLEY INTERNATIONAL THEOSOPHICAL H EADQUARTERS

P L M F OINT O A , CALI ORNIA S t a n d a rd Th e o s op h ic a l Lit e ra t u r e

nthes is o S cience Reli i n an THE SECRET DOCTRI E : The Sy f , g o , d N . k c n P n m Philos ophy: by H . P. Blavats y . Se o d oi t Lo a

n 1 17 er set : 4 o . Editio , 9 (p v ls ) ISIS UNV EILED : A Mas ter-K ey to the Mysteries of Ancient a nd M ad l H P a k er set : 4 ol . ern S cience and Theology , b y . . B av ts y (p v s ) T : A Clear E x os ition in the orm o TH E K EY TO HEOSOPHY p , F f

s nd Ans wer o the Ethics S cience and Philos o h or Qu e tion a , f , , p y , f the S tu dy of which The Univers al Brotherhood and Theos ophical

een u n ed with a co ious los sar o General S ociety has b fo d , p G y f

r s H . P l k er co e . Theos ophical T m , b y B avats y (p py)

- B A Bo k De ti n . A Dial between K ris hna HACAVAD GIT : The o of vo o og ,

r t an A r u n Pr nc o I nd ia Lo d of Devo ion d j a, i e f . F THE and o her ra men ro the Book o TH E VOICE O SILENCE , t f g ts f m f

r t at d t t Few B H . l k the Gold en P ecep s . Ded ic e o he . y P. B avats y . 75 : A Broad utline o Theos o hical clo h 50 ECHOES FROM THE ORIENT O f p t .

W . u e a r D ctrines b . e 25 o . , y Q J dg p p ’ A G OF E V G : rom K atherine Tin lev s c o h 75 NOSE AY ERLASTIN S f g l t .

Gard en o H el u l Thou hts . a r 50 f pf g p pe .

H L HL T : e ch THE A PA P E er co a 15c . OSOP IC M S p py , , .

m e An E ome of Theo o h b Willia . ud pit s p y, y Q J g The l r b K atherine Tin le M ystica Ch ist , y g y

her n T n l n - e f E n Kat i e i g ey a d her Raj a Yoga S yst m o d ucatio , by Lilian Whiting her n T n l : T o and H u ani r an b Lilian t Kat i e i g ey heos phist m ta i , y Whi ing

m f t rro r e e H P . Bl ats k n ud e So e o he E rs of Ch isti an Sci nc , by . av y a d W . Q. J g T h l f H n m L d i . e Evi s o yp otis , by y a Ros s , M D. m nc en in the H or of the Theo o h ca o e en b . H . us s ell 25 I id ts ist y s p i l M v t , y J F .

THEOSOPH ICAL MANUALS HANDBOOK S FOR STUDENTS

P r 2 Per set 1 a e 5 c o h 35 . p . ; l t . ( 9 cloth

Elemen r T 2 ta y heosophy 1 . The Angel and the Demon The e en Pr nc le of M an 2 ol e S v i ip s ( v s . , 35C. ach) ar l K ma 13 . The F ame and the Clay Re nc rna i a tion 1 4 . On God and Prayer M an after Death 1 5 . Theosophy : The Mother of Kama- lok a and Devachan Religions T m : eachers and Their Disciples 16 . Fro Crypt to Pronaos An The Doc trine of Cycles Essa y on the Rise and Fall P ch Gho olo and f Do m sy ism , st gy, o g a the A ral Pl : st ane 1 7 . Earth Its Parentage , its The Astral Light Rounds and its Races

P me - cho r la r o ance and 1 . n f re : A sy t y , C i v y , 8 So s o the Fi Mist Study Thou ght -Transference of M an THE PATH SERIES

SP D P D FOR U T P : Per co ECIALLY A A TE INQ IRERS IN HEOSO HY py . 05

A— T P r e f the n er r I he u pos o U iv sal B otherhood and Theosophi cal Society ll N Theosophy G enera y Stated , by W . Q. Judge O H r rt r O Mislaid Mysteries , by e be Ca yn, M . D . A Theosophy and its Counterfeits ' I m r er e Pre en a on of The H U So e Pe v t d s t ti s OSOphy , by . T. Ed ge, M . A . ? b H Q W hat is TheOSOphy y . T. Edge, M . A .

MAGA! I NES

THE T P P illustrated monthl E e b a her ne T n HEOSO HICAL ATH ( , y) dit d y K t i i gley m 30 ore n 3 er co o e c . p py , d sti , f ig . 5 or l s 6d . er ear ana an o a e (p y C di p st g , . 35 ; Foreign . 50)

A - G G An l u ra e M a azme De o e to e R J A YO A MESSEN ER , I l st t d g v t d th Higher Education of You th (bi - monthly)

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f he H r Ar l ll t r I . The Spirit o t ou in chaeo ogy : by Wi iam E . Ga es , P ofes sor of r Ar a l and Li t A t Ame ican ch eo ogy ngu is ics , S chool of ntiqu i y .

he Rela on of Rel on to Art in An and the l : 2 . T ti igi tiquity Midd e Ages

’ s ald S iren Pro es s or the H is t r Art nivers t o t m b O v o o o U i S ockhol . y , f f y f . , y f

0 P r an An e illus trated : b red . ick I 0 N o e on e u u . D . ns l . C. E . t s vi tiq iti s ( ) y F J , M r tr n m nd at t t Profes s o of As o o y a M hema ics , S chool of An iqu ity .

l tr t t Early Chinese Painting (i lus a ed ) : by William E . Ga es .

l : L s s M edical Psycho ogy by yd ia Ro , M . D .

I ‘

r Dick . \ Ancient Astronomy in Egypt and its Significance by F ed . J. o l H A r r O Stu dies in Evo ution : by . T. Ed ge, M . . N atu al S ciences T ipos , Cam r t r r t t t brid ge Univ e s i y; P ofes s o of Ed uca ion in he S chool of Antiqu i y .

l f An : ean n P e and : b H The ch o o u ur o Sco e . . 9 , S o tiq ity Its M i g , p s , p y J

‘ s ell ecretar n v ers al Br t erh d and T eos cal S c et Fas , S y , U i o h oo h ophi o i y .

K innaman A . M . P . D . M e er b lem n E hn l : b . . h m 1 0. Pro i o o O b o s t gy y J , , , f r itu te reat Britai N tes H s s ell T ct ia I ns t n o b . . u . he Vi o of G . y J F

l n m r Dick 1 1 . e ec e u a en a in G o e r : b ed . . N g t d F d t ls e m t y y F J.

l tr t : r 1 2 a a hrono o illus a ed b ed . . Dick . M y C gy ( ) y F J .

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