DOCSLIB.ORG

State of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem: Transboundary Bioregion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
State of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem: Transboundary Bioregion State of the Crown of The Continent Ecosystem: Transboundary Bioregion STATE OF THE CROWN OF THE CONTINENT ECOSYSTEM: Flathead/Castle Transboundary Bioregion - DRAFT - Flathead Transboundary Network January 1999 For additional copies of this report, comments or review, please contact: Miistakis Institute for the Rockies c/o Biological Sciences University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada Phone: 403/220-8968 Email: [email protected] Also available online at: http://www.rockies.ca Copyright (c) 1998 Flathead Transboundary Network. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of a copyright holder. State of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem: Transboundary Bioregion I This work is a collaborative effort of members of the Flathead Transboundary Network. Founded in January 1998, the FTN is a network of government agencies, scientists and NGOs seeking innovative ecosystem-based solutions to transboundary issues in the Rocky Mountain region of Montana, B.C. and Alberta Authors: Erica Konrad, Brian Peck, Andrea Stewart, Craig Stewart General Editor: Craig Stewart Maps: Andrew Harries This work has been generously funded by the Kendall Foundation, the Fanwood Foundation and the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network CITATION: Flathead Transboundary Network. 1999. State of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem: Flathead/ Castle Transboundary Region (Draft). Calgary: Miistakis Institute for the Rockies. State of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem: Transboundary Bioregion II Table of Contents Chapter 1: A transboundary ecosystem...............1 a) Introduction .................................................................................................................1 The political context: .............................................................................................................................. 1 An information-based approach: This State of the Ecosystem Report .............................................. 2 Scope of this report: .............................................................................................................................. 2 b) Geographic Context................................................................................................... 4 Location: ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Landscape and Geology: ..................................................................................................................... 4 Climate .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Ecozones: .............................................................................................................................................. 6 c) Administrative Context: .............................................................................................. 9 Jurisdictions ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Land Use Zones ....................................................................................................................................11 Chapter 2: General Human History....................17 Native Peoples ..............................................................................................................17 Non-native settlement ..................................................................................................18 Part A: North Fork — Flathead ..................... 21 Chapter 3 — Ecological Components of the North Fork of the Flathead ............................... 21 Ecological Processes.....................................................................................................21 Fire ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 Disease ................................................................................................................................................ 23 Vegetation .................................................................................................................... 23 Historic content and distribution ........................................................................................................ 24 Present content, distribution............................................................................................................... 24 Focal species ................................................................................................................ 26 Old growth forest ................................................................................................................................ 28 Trends in Forest Composition and Structure......................................................................................29 State of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem: Transboundary Bioregion III Wildlife ...........................................................................................................................31 Historic content ................................................................................................................................... 31 Present content ................................................................................................................................... 32 Protected status .................................................................................................................................. 34 Habitat hotspots.................................................................................................................................. 35 Focal Species ....................................................................................................................................... 35 Aquatics (quality/species) ........................................................................................... 39 Water Quality — Present Status: ........................................................................................................ 40 Water Quality Monitoring Framework................................................................................................ 43 Indicators of Water Quality ................................................................................................................. 43 Focal Species................................................................................................................ 46 Chapter 4 — One Century of Human Activity in the North Fork...................................................49 Forestry Practices ......................................................................................................... 49 Past (British Columbia) ........................................................................................................................ 49 Past (Montana) .................................................................................................................................... 50 Current (Montana)................................................................................................................................ 51 Current (British Columbia)................................................................................................................... 52 Petroleum Extraction .................................................................................................... 57 Past (British Columbia) ........................................................................................................................ 57 Past (Montana) .................................................................................................................................... 57 Current (BC and Montana) ................................................................................................................. 57 Mining........................................................................................................................... 58 Past (British Columbia) ........................................................................................................................ 58 Past (Montana) .................................................................................................................................... 58 Current (BC and Montana) ................................................................................................................. 58 Recreational Activities ..................................................................................................60 Past Hunting/ Trapping/ Outfitting (B.C. and Montana) ................................................................... 60 Current Hunting/ Trapping/ Fishing/ Outfitting (B.C.)........................................................................ 60 Current Hunting/ Trapping/ Outfitting (Montana) .............................................................................. 61 Current Camping/ Hiking/ General sightseeing (Montana and B.C.): ............................................. 61 Current Commercial River Usage (Montana) ...................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) Summits on the Air
    Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) Summits on the Air Canada (Alberta – VE6/VA6) Association Reference Manual (ARM) Document Reference S87.1 Issue number 2.2 Date of issue 1st August 2016 Participation start date 1st October 2012 Authorised Association Manager Walker McBryde VA6MCB Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged Page 1 of 63 Document S87.1 v2.2 Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) 1 Change Control ............................................................................................................................. 4 2 Association Reference Data ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Programme derivation ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 General information .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Rights of way and access issues ..................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Maps and navigation .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Safety considerations ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Ca. 1.45 Ga), WESTERN NORTH AMERICA: PSEUDOFOSSILS, FACIES, TIDES and SYNDEPOSITIONAL TECTONIC ACTIVITY in a MESOPROTEROZOIC INTRACRATONIC BASIN
    SEDIMENTARY, MICROBIAL AND DEFORMATION FEATURES IN THE LOWER BELT SUPERGROUP (ca. 1.45 Ga), WESTERN NORTH AMERICA: PSEUDOFOSSILS, FACIES, TIDES AND SYNDEPOSITIONAL TECTONIC ACTIVITY IN A MESOPROTEROZOIC INTRACRATONIC BASIN A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Roy Gregory Rule © Copyright Roy Gregory Rule, July, 2020. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Geological Sciences Geology Building University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada Or Dean College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies University of Saskatchewan 116 Thorvaldson Building, 110 Science Place Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada i ABSTRACT Sedimentary, microbial and deformation features in the lower Belt Supergroup (ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Glaciers of the Canadian Rockies
    Glaciers of North America— GLACIERS OF CANADA GLACIERS OF THE CANADIAN ROCKIES By C. SIMON L. OMMANNEY SATELLITE IMAGE ATLAS OF GLACIERS OF THE WORLD Edited by RICHARD S. WILLIAMS, Jr., and JANE G. FERRIGNO U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1386–J–1 The Rocky Mountains of Canada include four distinct ranges from the U.S. border to northern British Columbia: Border, Continental, Hart, and Muskwa Ranges. They cover about 170,000 km2, are about 150 km wide, and have an estimated glacierized area of 38,613 km2. Mount Robson, at 3,954 m, is the highest peak. Glaciers range in size from ice fields, with major outlet glaciers, to glacierets. Small mountain-type glaciers in cirques, niches, and ice aprons are scattered throughout the ranges. Ice-cored moraines and rock glaciers are also common CONTENTS Page Abstract ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- J199 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------- 199 FIGURE 1. Mountain ranges of the southern Rocky Mountains------------ 201 2. Mountain ranges of the northern Rocky Mountains ------------ 202 3. Oblique aerial photograph of Mount Assiniboine, Banff National Park, Rocky Mountains----------------------------- 203 4. Sketch map showing glaciers of the Canadian Rocky Mountains -------------------------------------------- 204 5. Photograph of the Victoria Glacier, Rocky Mountains, Alberta, in August 1973 -------------------------------------- 209 TABLE 1. Named glaciers of the Rocky Mountains cited in the chapter
    [Show full text]
  • Helena and Lewis & Clark National Forests Forest Plan Assessment
    Helena and Lewis & Clark National Forests Forest Plan Assessment Appendix C, Scenery 2015 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Scenic Character ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Existing Scenic Integrity .............................................................................................................................. 1 Big Belts Geographic Area .............................................................................................................................. 2 Location ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 Scenic Character ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Scenic Integrity ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Castles Geographic Area ................................................................................................................................. 9 Location ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Scenic Character ........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Lewis Thrust Fault and Related Structures in the Disturbed Belt, Northwestern Montana
    The Lewis Thrust Fault and Related Structures in the Disturbed Belt, Northwestern Montana G E 0 L 0 G I CAL SURVEY P R 0 FE S S I 0 N A L PAPER ll74 The Lewis Thrust Fault and Related Structures in the Disturbed Belt, Northwestern Montana By MELVILLE R. MUDGE and ROBERT L. EARHART GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1174 M ajar structures reflect large-scale easterly displacement of early Tertiary age UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON:l980 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR CECIL D. ANDRUS, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY H. William Menard, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Mudge, Melville Rhodes, 1921- The Lewis thrust fault and related structures in the disturbed belt, northwestern Montana. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 11 74) Bibliography: p. 17 Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16:1174 1. Faults (Geology)-Montana. 2. Geology-Montana. I. Earhart, Robert L., joint author. II. Title. III. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1174. QE606.5.U6M82 551.8'7'09786 80-607023 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washinton, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Geology ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Lewis thrust fault .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain Views Vol. 9, No. 2
    Mountain Views Chronicles of the Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains CIRMOUNT Informing the Mountain Research Community Volume 9, Number 2 • December 2015 Ice calving from the terminus cliffs of Canada Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica. Photo: Hassan Basagic. Front Cover: Snow on Canisp and Suilven, Lochinver [Scotland]. © Amy Holden (Woolvin) Editor: Connie Millar, USDA Forest Service, Pacifi c Southwest Research Station, Albany, California Layout and Graphic Design: Diane Delany, USDA Forest Service, Pacifi c Southwest Research Station, Albany, California Back Cover: Old Man of Storr from Applecross Peninsula [Scotland]. © Amy Holden (Woolvin) Read about the contributing artists on page 97. Mountain Views Chronicles of the Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains CIRMOUNT Volume 9, No 2, December 2015 www.fs.fed.us/psw/cirmount/ Table of Contents Editor's Introduction Connie Millar and Erin Gleeson 1 Guest Editorial Harald Bugmann 2 Brevia Quantifying Snow Duration under Diverse Susan Dickerson-Lange 4 Forest Canopies On Underestimation of Global Vulnerability to Tree Mortality and Craig Allen, David Breshears, and Nate McDowell 9 Forest Die-Off from Hotter Drought in the Anthropocene Placing the 2012–2015 California-Nevada Drought Ben Hatchett 13 into a Paleoclimatic Context Articles Glacial Research Investigations of Cirque Glaciation, Sierra Nevada, California Doug Clark 17 Vanishing Ice, Vanishing History Greg Stock 22 Rock Glaciers of the American West Andrew Fountain and Gunnar Johnson 27 Glacier Views through Time: An Update from the Glacier Hassan Basagic and Andrew Fountain 30 RePhoto Project Th e Perth III Conference: Mountains of our Future Earth Perth III Overview Martin Price 33 Session Syntheses: African Mountains and their Challenges V.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconnaissance Geology Geophysics, and Geochemistry of the Southeastern Part of the Lewis and Clark Range, Montana
    Reconnaissance Geology Geophysics, and Geochemistry of the Southeastern Part of the Lewis and Clark Range, Montana GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1252-E Reconnaissance Geology Geophysics, and Geochemistry of the Southeastern Part of the Lewis and Clark Range, Montana By MELVILE R. MUDGE, RALPH L. ERICKSON, and DEAN KLEINKOPF With spectrographic data By G. C. CURTIN and A. P. MARRANZINO and a section on ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF LEAD By R. E. ZARTMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1252-E A study identifying a weak lead-zinc mineralized belt, 30 miles long, that is stratigraphically and structurally controlled UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract__ ---------_-_-______________________________________-__ El Introduction. _____________________________________________________ 1 Geologic setting.-_------____--_-_____________________________.____ 3 Precambrian rocks_____________________________________________ 4 Cambrian rocks----_--_-_--__-___--__-____________________-___ 11 Devonian rocks_______________________________________________ 12 Geophysical reconnaissance.________________________________________ 12 Magnetic patterns_____________________________________________ 13 Gravity patterns._____________________________________________ 14 Interpretation of the geophysics.________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Abandoned-Inactive Mines of the Flathead National Forest-Administered Land
    Abandoned-Inactive Mines of the Flathead National Forest-Administered Land Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Open-file Report 462 Catherine McDonald Phyllis A. Hargrave Michael D. Kerschen John J. Metesh Robert Wintergerst Prepared for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service-Region 1 Abandoned-Inactive Mines on Flathead National Forest-Administered Land Open-File Report MBMG 462 July 2002 Catherine McDonald Phyllis A. Hargrave Michael D. Kerschen John J. Metesh Robert Wintergerst Prepared for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service-Region 1 CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES........................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................ iv INTRODUCTION .............................................................1 1.1 Project Objectives ....................................................1 1.2 Abandoned and Inactive Mines Defined ...................................2 1.3 Health and Environmental Problems at Mines ..............................2 1.3.1 Acid-Mine Drainage ..........................................3 1.3.2 Solubilities of Selected Metals ..................................3 1.3.3 The Use of pH and SC to Identify Problems ........................5 1.4 Methodology ........................................................5 1.4.1 Data Sources ................................................5 1.4.2 Pre-Field Screening ...........................................6 1.4.3 Field Screening ..............................................7 1.4.3.1 Collection
    [Show full text]
  • Full of Great Tours. Both Sides
    British Columbia’s Flathead Valley the Cabin Creek Road over the MacDonald Range into the If you like touring in wild places, and don’t mind valley, and then climbs to Akamina Pass on the Continental rough dirt roads and the occasional grizzly bear crossing Divide and into Waterton Lakes National Park (see “The your path, then the gloriously untamed Flathead Valley Wildest Valley” by Aaron Teasdale in the September, 2005 in British Columbia’s far southeastern corner is for you. issue of Adventure Cyclist). It’s possible to hire a shuttle in TEN TOP Bordering Glacier and Waterton Lakes national parks, the Fernie to haul you and your gear to either the starting Flathead certainly doesn’t lack for spectacular scenery, or end point, depending on where you’ve left your car. but the valley’s greatest draw is its unbridled wildness. There are myriad other possible tours in the valley and Called the “Serengeti of North America” by biologists every side-valley route holds high adventure potential, for its unrivaled wildlife populations, it’s the last major whether on foot or mountain bike. Ultralight mountain valley in British Columbia to be completely undeveloped. bikers should note the old tracks over the rugged passes Fortunately for backcountry bikepackers, the valley of the Clark Range that offer multi-day-loop potential TOURS is not without its travel corridors — lightly used dirt into the Castle River valley. The Flathead also makes for NOrtH AMERIca IS CHOCK roads and old exploratory tracks run the length of the a great loop off the Great Divide Mountain Bike Route, valley bottom and across the mountains on which parallels the MacDonald Range to the west.
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy and Structure of Part of the Southern Madison Range, Madison and Gallatin Counties, Montana
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Robert Rowland Rose' for the M.S. in Geology (Name) (Degree) (Major) Date thesis is presented Title STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF PART OF THE SOUTHERN MADISON RANGE, MADISON AND GALLATIN COUNTIES. MONTANA Abstract approved (Major professor The thesis area consists of 42 square miles located in Madison and Gallatin counties, Montana, in the south- ern part of the Madison Range. The strata exposed in the area range in age from Precambrian to Quaternary and have an aggregate thickness of more than 7,600 feet. The Paleozoic rocks, about 3,900 feet thick, are mainly carbonates but include sandstones, shales, and cherts of marine origin. Ordovician and Silurian forma- tions are absent. The Mesozoic rocks consist mainly of sandstones, shales, calcareous claystones, and argillaceous limestones of marine and continental origin. All Mesozoic periods are represented in this 3700 foot thick sequence of sedimentary rocks. The Cenozoic rocks and sediments include welded tuff, glacial deposits, and alluvium. Quaternary landslides cover about one -quarter of the thesis area. The structures are Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary (Laramide) and Late Cenozoic in age. The Laramide struc- tures are northwest- trending, asymmetrical (steeper to the northeast) folds and high angle reverse faults. The Late Cenozoic structures are normal faults that displace Upper Cretaceous strata. STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF PART OF THE SOUTHERN MADISON RANGE, MADISON AND GALLATIN COUNTIES, MONTANA by ROBERT ROWLAND ROSE' A THESIS submitted to OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE June 1967 APPROVED: Associate Professor of Geology In Charge of Major Chairman of Department of Geology Dean of Graduate School Date thesis is presented Typed by Trudie Vallier ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express appreciation to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Diverse Base and Precious Metal Mineralization of the Mesoproterozoic Purcell Supergroup and Recurrent Magmatism in Southwestern Alberta Alexei S
    Diverse Base and Precious Metal Mineralization of the Mesoproterozoic Purcell Supergroup and Recurrent Magmatism in Southwestern Alberta Alexei S. Rukhlov Alberta Geological Survey, Energy Resources Conservation Board, 4999 – 98 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2X3, Canada [email protected] Summary This paper focuses on the distinct types of metallic mineralization within the Mesoproterozoic Purcell Supergroup in the Clark Range of southwestern Alberta. The numerous sedimentary- and igneous rock-hosted Cu-Ag, Pb-Zn-Cu and Au-Ag occurrences mark two major metallogenic events in southwestern Alberta: 1) Mesoproterozoic intracontinental rifting, mafic magmatism and hydrothermal convection, probably caused by the mantle plume, and 2) Cretaceous-Tertiary Laramide tectonics and igneous activity. The preliminary results of the field studies and new geochemical analyses by the Alberta Geological Survey will be discussed. Introduction Several world-class base and precious metal deposits exist in the Mesoproterozoic (1.50 – 1.32 Ga) Belt-Purcell basin of western North America (e.g., Sullivan and St. Eugene Pb-Zn-Ag-Au past-producers in British Columbia; Coeur d’Alene Ag-Pb and Blackbird Cu-Co mining districts in Idaho; Butte Cu-Ag-Au-Mo, Sheep Creek Cu-Co and Montanore Cu-Ag deposits in Montana) (Lydon, 2007). Since the first description by G.M. Dawson in 1886, numerous sediment- and igneous rock-hosted Cu-Ag, Pb-Zn-Cu and Au-Ag showings have been explored and partially developed within the Purcell Supergroup in the Figure 1. Simplified geological map and distribution of metallic Clark Range of southwestern occurrences in the Clark Range of southwestern Alberta. Alberta (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Resources Inventory Map Document for Glacier National Park
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Glacier National Park Ancillary Map Information Document Produced to accompany the Geologic Resources Inventory Digital Geologic Data for Glacier National Park glac_geology.pdf Version: 4/24/2020 I Glacier National Park Geologic Resources Inventory Map Document for Glacier National Park Table of Contents Geologic Reso..u..r.c...e..s.. .I.n..v..e..n..t.o..r..y.. .M...a..p.. .D...o..c..u..m...e..n...t............................................................................ 1 About the NPS.. .G...e..o..l.o..g..i.c.. .R...e..s..o..u..r..c..e..s.. .I.n..v..e..n..t..o..r.y.. .P...r.o..g..r..a..m............................................................... 3 GRI Digital Ma.p..s.. .a..n..d... .S..o..u...r.c..e.. .M...a..p.. .C...i.t.a..t.i.o...n..s.................................................................................. 5 Index Map .......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Digital Geolog.i.c..-.G...I.S... .M...a..p.. .o..f. .G...l.a..c..i.e..r.. .N..a..t.i.o...n..a..l. .P..a..r..k....................................................................... 7 Map Units Li.s..t....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Map Unit De.s..c.r..ip..t.i.o..n..s............................................................................................................................................................ 8 Qal - Alluvium (H..o..l.o..c..e..n..e.. .a..n..d.. .u..p..p..e..r. .P..l.e..i.s..t.o..c..e..n..e..)............................................................................................................... 8 Qc - Colluvium (.H..o..l.o..c..e..n..e.. .a..n..d.. .u..p..p..e..r. .P...le..i.s..t.o..c..e..n..e..).............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]