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Mountain Views Chronicles of the Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains CIRMOUNT Informing the Mountain Research Community Volume 9, Number 2 • December 2015 Ice calving from the terminus cliffs of Canada Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valley, Antarctica. Photo: Hassan Basagic. Front Cover: Snow on Canisp and Suilven, Lochinver [Scotland]. © Amy Holden (Woolvin) Editor: Connie Millar, USDA Forest Service, Pacifi c Southwest Research Station, Albany, California Layout and Graphic Design: Diane Delany, USDA Forest Service, Pacifi c Southwest Research Station, Albany, California Back Cover: Old Man of Storr from Applecross Peninsula [Scotland]. © Amy Holden (Woolvin) Read about the contributing artists on page 97. Mountain Views Chronicles of the Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains CIRMOUNT Volume 9, No 2, December 2015 www.fs.fed.us/psw/cirmount/ Table of Contents Editor's Introduction Connie Millar and Erin Gleeson 1 Guest Editorial Harald Bugmann 2 Brevia Quantifying Snow Duration under Diverse Susan Dickerson-Lange 4 Forest Canopies On Underestimation of Global Vulnerability to Tree Mortality and Craig Allen, David Breshears, and Nate McDowell 9 Forest Die-Off from Hotter Drought in the Anthropocene Placing the 2012–2015 California-Nevada Drought Ben Hatchett 13 into a Paleoclimatic Context Articles Glacial Research Investigations of Cirque Glaciation, Sierra Nevada, California Doug Clark 17 Vanishing Ice, Vanishing History Greg Stock 22 Rock Glaciers of the American West Andrew Fountain and Gunnar Johnson 27 Glacier Views through Time: An Update from the Glacier Hassan Basagic and Andrew Fountain 30 RePhoto Project Th e Perth III Conference: Mountains of our Future Earth Perth III Overview Martin Price 33 Session Syntheses: African Mountains and their Challenges V. Ralph Clark 34 Sustainable Tourism Development Carolina Adler and Gary Grant 36 Sacred Mountain Landscapes and Biocultural Diversity William Tuladhar-Douglas 40 Disaster Risk Reduction Irasema Alcántara-Ayala 42 Why are Local Initiatives so Important in Mountain Regions? Th omas Dax 44 Glacial Retreat Samuel Nussbaumer 47 Treeline Ecotone Dynamics Dave Cairns and Connie Millar 49 Student Perspective on Perth III Timm Gross 53 TABLE OF CONTENTS ii Mountain Views • December 2015 Articles continued MRI Projects on the Horizon Global Network of Mountain Observatories: I Don’t Know, Do You Greg Greenwood 54 GNOMO? Assessing Sustainable Mountain Development Erin Gleeson 58 Mountains for Europe’s Future: Putting Mountains on the Horizon Claudia Drexler 61 2020 Agenda Monitoring and Education Perspectives on Urban Raptor Research from the Reno Hawk Project Justin White 63 Rain-On-Snow Flood Module for High-School or Undergraduate Nic Wayand 67 Students Castle Lake Environmental Research and Education Program Sudeep Chandra 70 Interview Interview with Henry Diaz 76 Voices in the Wind—What important messages did you take 78 home from the Perth III Conference, “Mountains of our Future Earth”? Responses from Martha Apple, Jessica Halofsky, Lara Kueppers, Jeremy Littell, Hans Schreier, John Shaw, Iris Stewart-Frey, Scotty Strachan, Diana Tomback First Person A Day in the Life of an Antarctica Researcher Andrew Fountain 82 Field Notes: Mountains Where We Work A View from South Tufa, Mono Lake, CA Ben Hatchett 87 Did You See (Hear, Feel, Touch, Smell) It? Tuolumne Music Walks Margaret Eissler 90 News and Events AGU 2015, MtnClim 2016, PACLIM 2016, and 92 Mountains 2016 New Books 95 Contributing Artists 97 Mountain Visions 98 Larry Ruth Amy Holden (Woolvin) EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION Welcome to Mountain Views! Herein you can read summaries of a new article investigating relationships between snow of recent journal articles on mountain-climate related research, duration and forest cover. digests of new mountain-research projects, updates from ongoing programs, and a sampler of perspectives on the role of science As the world community culminates what appears with high in mountain culture, from personal research experiences to art. probability to be the warmest year on instrumental record, we In that Mountain Views serves the CIRMOUNT community, the pay tribute to those iconic mountain sentinels of climate change: focus is on western North American mountains. Increasingly, glaciers. We feature a section containing articles on glaciers in however, we seek to highlight related research from mountain western North America, both research and research history; two regions worldwide and international mountain-science programs. syntheses relating to glaciers from the Perth III conference; a First Person experience of glacial research in Antarctica; and You might notice several things different about this issue photography and artistry of glaciers by CIRMOUNT scientists. of Mountain Views. Most importantly, as part of stretching beyond North America, we teamed up with the international In addition to content and geographic stretch, other changes to Mountain Research Initiative (MRI: http://mri.scnatweb.ch/ Mountain Views regard presentation. In that we feature more en/) to co-produce this issue of Mountain Views. Erin Gleeson than news, we changed the name of our periodical to Mountain of MRI served as co-editor, rounding up articles that synthesize Views Chronicle, hoping that this captures both the intent to the October mountain-climate congress in Perth, Scotland, communicate science and the spirit of mountain adventure. Mountains of our Future Earth, which we highlight throughout We also gave the chronicle a facelift, with the goal to make this issue. Erin also brought together a section featuring projects form follow function, and to improve readability as well as that promote MRI‘s ambitious goal to integrate and coordinate professional appearance. mountain research worldwide around issues of highest priority. To you and your families we send best wishes for the holiday Our Brevia section remains the core of Mountain Views— season. We hope to see friends at the Annual Fall Meeting of the anchoring our intent to feature new and basic research related American Geophysical Union in San Francisco in December, to mountain climates. Deepening drought has emerged as at MtnClim 2016 next October, and in the mountains of our a pervasive challenge to mountain ecosystems worldwide. neighborhoods during times between. We include summaries of two new research papers, one that addresses the global impacts of drought to forests, and another Connie Millar, Editor Erin Gleeson, Co-Editor that places the current drought in historic perspective. With increasing warmth and lessening snowpacks, knowledge about snow retention is of high importance, and we include a summary Perth, Scotland with the River Tay, where the Mountains of our Future Earth Conference convened in October 2015. GUEST EDITORIAL Harald Bugmann Institute for Terrestrial Ecology Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland I am a forest ecologist. presentations, I even shivered because they contained many Therefore, I go to meetings mysterious phrases whose meanings were undecipherable to me. that deal with forest science, Most of the key forest scientists and ecologists were absent from such as those hosted by the this event. Thus, what was I to do here? International Union of Forest Research Organizations In the following days, I discovered that this conference was (IUFRO), or with general different for very good reasons – I listened to presentations ecological topics, such as and looked at posters that made me aware of the full breadth those hosted by the Ecological of mountain research and the full complexity of mountain Society of America (ESA) livelihoods – sure I could have and maybe even should have or the German Ecology ‘known’ all of this before. But ‘knowing’ and truly experiencing Association (GfÖ). There, are different things. This was a full week of interdisciplinary I feel cozy because I am listening, talking, learning. I was exposed to an enormous amount familiar with many names on the program, I have at least some of stuff that I would never have had a chance to grasp at meetings idea about the contents that lure behind presentation titles, and like those organized by IUFRO, ESA, or GfÖ. I kept bumping I keep bumping into people that I have known since a long into people that I did not know and that were working in ‘remote’ time. Essentially, I have the opportunity to meet a considerable disciplines, but we started talking and very many of these fraction of the key people in the respective disciplines, and I can contacts turned out to be quite fruitful; at the very least, they expand my network of disciplinary scientifi c contacts quite well. strongly expanded my horizon. I had the chance of practicing We share the same (or at least a very similar) vocabulary and, interdisciplinarity on a daily basis; and – luckily – the lack of a probably even more importantly, similar points of view about disciplinary “bracket” was replaced fully by the cozy “mountain” science and the key questions to be addressed in our research. bracket. I returned home with a general feeling of satisfaction. I learn a lot that has direct bearing on my own research, and I return home with a general feeling of satisfaction. I happily went to many more disciplinary meetings after 2005, organized by IUFRO, ESA, GfÖ and the like – but towards 2010 In 2005, when I fl ew to Edinburgh to attend the fi rst conference it was high time for a second big meeting outside my comfort of what is now known as the series “Perth I-III”, I was defi nitely zone! I had the impression that this second conference was an stepping out of my comfort zone. Or should I say, fl ying? OK, even bigger success than the fi rst one, and soon after my return I had been involved in the interdisciplinary research project home I started to look forward to “Perth III” in October 2015. GLOCHAMORE (acronym for “Global Change in Mountain Regions”) that was funded by the European Union and actually I am convinced that it is the right balance between inter- gave rise to the “Perth I” conference.
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