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M0338 Box24 Folder24 1933-12-18 001 a MEMOIR OB the EARLY PAYS of THE INTRODUCTION Mr. President and. Gentlemen: My subject was the Parliamentary Revolution, and it was my original intention to cover the period between the opening of the Long Parliament ana. the ena of the Civil Wars. I soon found, however, that three hundred pa&es, rather than thirty, would be required for even a CULULI treatment of a tine so crowded with events ana personages and I have contented myself tonight with covering the first portion only of my alloted subject, November ii, 1640, to March 2&, lo^l, from the opening of the Long Parliament to the beginning of tho Earl of otraffora's trial. InAevery instance I have inaioatea my authorities in footnotes, but, as references are dry reading, I have hoped that a mention of them in this fore-word would suffice. I have, among others, con­ sulted, and in many instances quoted from, the following: "The Journal of oir oymonds D'Ewes" edited oy Kotestein; "The History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War" arid "The First Two Stuarts ana the Puritan Revolution", both by S. R. Gardiner, as well as the same scholar's compilation of "The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1625- luuO"; "The Political History of England", edited by Hunt ana Poole, in particular volume VII; the "Diaries" of John Evelyn and Jamuel Pepys; "The Life of Montrose" by John Buchan; ana the "History of The English People" by John Richard Green. M0338 Box24 Folder24 1933-12-18 001 A MEMOIR OB THE EARLY PAYS OF THE LONG PARLIAMENT t>y J Francis H. Insley An essay read before the Indianapolis Literary Club, December 18, 1933. M0338 Box24 Folder24 1933-12-18 002 (1) A IIE1L0IR OF 'rKE E&RLY Di.YS OF THE LONG PARLIAMENT On November 3, 1640, there opened the first session of what John Evelyn has called that "ungrateful, fatal and foolish Parliament". In some form or other this Parliament persisted until April, 1653, when Oliver Cromwell locked the doors, put the key in his pocket and went home to dinner. It has become known in history as the Long Parliament and it is famous, not only for its vitality but for the constitutional changes that either were brought about or first became appar­ ent during its term of pover. It enforced the responsibility of ministers of state; it asserted the supremacy of law; it declared and made effective the political independence of jfche Commons as the corporate voic£ of the citizens and subjects of England; it reaffirmed,the doctrine that is the corner- j- • • ^ stone of all <SM»C e^a^g- liberty, "that the King could not upon anie pretense of publike danger or necessitie of the defense of the realm raise anie taxe, levie or tallage upon the subjects of England, without ther consent in Parliament." If its judgements were personal and its championship of great principles coloured by fear and individual malice^its aims were none the less honest, its actions instigated by aca a sincere desire to reform the evils under which the Kingdom was laboring. Qwlw* wr$<M f tu &WinA^. J % \[J!jUJ/fa%n* AU*dLy lip k hi- 1^ ^Mkruvtfd VWA <rw«A**J vA lb ^tA«A, H * AJ^A) I^JCV 1. Diary of John Evelyn - ea. 1901 - p. 13 ournal of Sir Symonds D'Ewes - ea. Notestein - p. 117 M0338 Box24 Folder24 1933-12-18 003 (2) 1AEIY DAYS OF TIN; LONG PARLIAMENT 0lWM i*swL, "Menynad very generally come to believe that there was a conspiracy on foot to overthrow their religion ana their freedom and to establish the Roman Catholic religion and arbi­ trary power. The pious fiction that whatever a king does amiss is done by the crafty suggestion of evil counselors still pro­ tected Charles, but against his ministers and against the pre­ lates the public feeling v/as unquestionably bitter and revenge­ ful. Parliament was therefore to be insured against un­ timely dissolution and the ill-advisors of the crown were to be, not merely removed, but punished. ... In this temper the fifth parliament of Charles I met on November 3."^ Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, a champion of the people in the early parliaments of the reign, was a sincere patriot, an able administrator, that rarest of all living creatures an honest politician, but his very virtues rendered him dangerous. He had adopted the .extremes* viev/s of the extent of the Royal prerogative ana his administration of Ireland.had give;ivenn tnthe people 0o1f Englanj&ngianda a tasttaste of what they might expect y j * yon Ikm^n hn to hnV 4ntirwr^fi 1 ri~-p<™OP • WiVherefor e Thomas, Earl of Strafford was impeached and was to die, for "that hee endeav- oredJ;to subvert the lawes and government of England and Ireland and to introduce tirannical and arbitrarie government and giving advise to the King by armes to (compell his loyal Subjects) to submitt thereunto. Which he hath declared by traiterous words, 1. Political History of England - ed. Hunt & Poole - v. VII - p.22*> M0338 Box24 Folder24 1933-12-18 004 (3) EARLY DAYS OF THE LONG PARLIAMENT counsel and actions, and giving advise to use force .... hee hath laboured .... to alienate the hearts of people i*nd des- troie the kingdome." ® William Laud, Archbishop of Canter but' y, v/as another able, sincere, laborious, honest (albeit narrow), statesman, the man in whom, after Strafford, Charles placed his greatest trust. He v/as zealous for the >e£formation of the Church of England, a firm believer in ceremony, em& the authority of the clergy and the frdrvjirirljy uf~H;ih^^u!iyr.u^vy^ of Kings and Bishops, ZBEX or perhaps, a-s he would have saidi^ of Bishops and Kings. The nation could not contemplate v/ith equanimity the possibil- ity that his labors might be crowned with success. He -"wasjj "engaged in the completion of an instrument which would out­ live himself. The forces of Calvinism once expelled, the Church would, as he hoped, .... stand forth clothed in the author­ ity of a pious king, as the enlightened guide in all spiritual matters of a willing and submissive people It was indeed a formidable thing that such a man as Laud should have in his hands the whole teaching power of England and be able to bend too his will those who were sure to inculcate the duty of obeying the King at least as loudly as they inculcated the duty of serving God." And so presently the Lords sent down a message to the commons to say "That theyr Lordships have con­ sidered of the Accusation of High Treason against William Lav/d, 1. D'Ewes, pp 60-61, note #8 2. History of England from the Accession of James I to the Out- break of the Civil War, S.R. Gardiner - v. IX * w%as£Mte&&xx MCfcks p. a49. M0338 Box24 Folder24 1933-12-18 005 (4) EARLY D^YJ OF aT'E LONG P^NLI^ENT ^rchbishop of Canterburie and have according to vour desires commit- ted him to the custody of the gentleman Usheryr From thence he was to be taken to the Tower, to watch Strafford go down to the place of execution, to stand his own trial, at last to lo^e his own life. It is very difficult for those who are afraid to be merciful. John, Baron Finch, Lord Keeper of the Privy jeal, was to suffer for bullying the judges into their decision on ship-money; Francis Y/indebank for his too eager compliance with the desire, both of the King and of the tjieen, to relax the pressure of the penal acts directed against the catholics; the Bishops for innovations in reli­ gion and insolence in administration; the judges for subservience; and many and all manner of men for crimes against the commonality of England. Parliament opened with a blast of invective against these prelates, statesmen, courtiers anc judges, against the King's evil counselors and his illegal taxes and levies, against his attempt, so perilously near success, at absolute rule, against the notions of divine right that he had inherited from King James, his father. So far it differed not a whit from many of its predecessors. Parliaments had been angry before, had sometimes even been able to make the King and his ministers feel the weight of the popular jaage*'. Indeed the "Merciless Parliament" under Richard II in 1388 hanged Chief Justice Tresilian, deprived the Archbishop of York of his see, exiled ouffolk and Robert de Vere and placed the King under the tutelage of a "Con- tinual Council'*; .always, However, once the parliament was out of the way, the King and his government had reverted to the old customs and had enjoyed an ample revenge for the momentary humiliation. With the Long Parliament it was not so, for the Commons were in position to enforce their will. They had an army at their backs. The Scots were in the EskfoerH: Northern / 1. D'Ewes pp 169-17 0 2. "History of the English People" - J.R'. Green; v. I, p 503 M0338 Box24 Folder24 1933-12-18 006 (5) EARLY DAYo OF THE LONG PARLIAMENT counties', they had beaten the Royal commander, Conway, at . Newburn, near Newcastle and were negotiating a settlement with the King. As he could obtain money only from Parliament, as the Scots were running a board bill of 5.25,000 per mpnth, and as there was no armed force in existence capable of opposing them, Charles ,was helpless.
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