Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 85 (2006) 247 RECENT RANGE EXTENSIONS, NAME CHANGES AND STATUS UPDATES FOR SELECTED SOUTH DAKOTA FISHES Cari-Ann Hayer South Dakota State University Brookings, SD 57006 Brandon C. Harland Iowa Department of Natural Resources Des Moines, IA 50319 Charles R. Berry, Jr. U.S. Geological Survey South Dakota Cooperative Research Unit South Dakota State University Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA ABSTRACT We present new distributional records for ten species of fish in South Dakota: silver chub, Macrhybopsis storeriana, Topeka shiner, Notropis topeka, northern redbelly dace, Phoxinus eos, southern redbelly dace, P. erythrogaster, shorthead redhorse, Moxostoma macrolepidotum, yellow bullhead, Ameiurus na- talis, northern pike, Esox lucius, Iowa darter, Etheostoma exile, johnny darter E. nigrum, yellow perch, Perca flavescens, and walleye, Sander vitreus. We also pres- ent several recently described or renamed fishes: shoal chub, Macrhybopsis hyos- toma, Carmine shiner, Notropis percobromus, western blacknose dace, Rhinichthys obtusus, and northern plains killifish, Fundulus kansae. The sand shiner,Notropis stramineus, is traditionally separated into two subspecies: eastern sand shiner, N. s. stramineus and plains sand shiner, N. s. missuriensis, both of which are present in South Dakota. There are also three species of carpsuckers in South Dakota: northern river carpsucker, Carpiodes carpio carpio, central quillback carpsucker, C. cyprinus hinei, and highfin carpsucker, C. velifer. Difficulties in distinguish- ing among these species obscure the status of the rarer quillback and highfin carpsuckers. Many species in South Dakota are easily misidentified; therefore we recommend preserving specimens for future examinations. Keywords Fish distribution, range extensions, misidentification, South Dakota 248 Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 85 (2006) INTRODUCTION The last comprehensive survey of South Dakota fishes was conducted by Bai- ley and Allum in 1962. Researchers at South Dakota State University compiled a comprehensive list on the fish fauna of South Dakota which included both his- torical and recent survey records, allowing researchers to examine changes in fish distributions across the state (Smith et al. 2002, Hayer et al. 2006, Hoagstrom 2006). Systematic sampling by several agencies in South Dakota (see acknowl- edgements) continues to produce new distributional records for many South Dakota fishes (Blausey 2001, Harland 2003, Duehr 2004, Morey and Berry 2004, and Hoagstrom 2006). Our objectives were to report on species that have demonstrated significant range extensions based on historical and recent sam- pling sites across South Dakota drainage basins (Figure 1). In addition, we will present an update on South Dakota species whose names have changed recently, and report on certain species that are either difficult to identify or that are often confused with others. Figure 1. Map of South Dakota drainage basins. METHODS Literature was used to determine historical fish species presence in South Dakota and additional data were gathered from several agencies across South Dakota and surrounding states and used to compile an updated list of South Dakota fishes and their distributions (Hayer et al. 2006, Hoagstrom 2006) by drainage basin (Figure 1). Fishes were collected by various methods (i.e. seining, Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 85 (2006) 249 electrofishing, hook and line) depending on the study. A total of 2,015 historic and recent sampling locations were compiled and used to examine potential range extensions based on 11 drainages (Figure 1). Taxonomic name changes were based on an American Fisheries Society special publication which updated previous taxonomic lists in an attempt to “achieve uniform use of common names and avoid confusion in scientific names” (Nelson et al. 2004). The list suggests scientific names to use based on current literature and views of special- ists on the various taxa. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Range Extensions Eleven species demonstrated considerable range extensions from their histor- ical distributions (Table 1). Each species will be discussed below, beginning with where the new distribution occurred and the habitat in which it was collected. This will be followed by the nearest documented locality and a description of other drainage basins where the species has been previously collected in the state. We will then hypothesize why the range extension occurred and give the status of the species in South Dakota (South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks 2006) and in the surrounding states of Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and Wyoming (Iowa DNR 2006, Minnesota DNR 2006, Nebraska Game and Parks Commission 2006, North Dakota Game and Fish Department 1994, Wyoming Game and Fish 2006). Macrhybopsis storeriana (Kirtland) – silver chub One silver chub was col- lected from the Keya Paha River (Table 1, Figure 2) west of Clearfield, South Dakota in June 2002 (Harland and Berry 2004) by seining. The sampling site was comprised of 75% sand, 15% gravel, and 0.34 m/s velocities, which are common silver chub habitats (Harlan et al. 1987). The Keya Paha River is a tributary to the Niobrara River in Ne- braska. The nearest published collection of this species is Figure 2. Silver Chub, Macrhybopsis storeriana, point located in the Niobrara River distributions, native range, and range extensions into the Keya Paha River drainage. in Nebraska (228.5 km). This is the first verified record for silver chub west of the Missouri River in South Dakota. The silver chub is cat- egorized as a large-river species being restricted to the Missouri River and a few 250 Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 85 (2006) Table 1: List of species exhibiting range extensions in South Dakota, the source for the extension, and specific location for the new record. STREAM SPECIES SOURCE BASIN NAME UTM TRS Silver Chub 420813E T96N R77E Macrhybopsis Harland and Keya Paha Keya Paha River storeriana Berry 2004 4771278N Sec. 32 Topeka shiner Blausey 2001; Vermillion, Notropis topeka James and Wall et al. 2004 Big Sioux Northern Redbelly Dace Morey and Grand River Stink Creek 328639E Phoxinus eos Berry 2004 5054981N Southern Redbelly Dace Springman and Little Beaver T98N R49W Phoxinus Banks 2005 Big Sioux Creek Sec. 34 erythrogaster Antelope 387310E T38N R26E Creek 4787039N Sec. 34 T96N R78E Sec. 17 Shorthead Harland and Keya Paha redhorse Berry 2004 Keya 410169E T95N R76E Moxostoma Paha 4775627N Sec. 22 macrolepidotum River 433595E 4765215N Harland 2003 Missouri Bull Creek 459801E T103N R73W 4836631N Sec. 36 Yellow bullhead 635300E Ameiurus natalis Hampton 1998 Cheyenne Cheyenne River 4805690N T8S R7E Sec. 6 Antelope 363361E T38N R28E Creek Sec. 19 Harland and Keya Paha Northern Pike Berry 2004 White 4789507N T96N R77E Esox lucius Willow Creek 420970E Sec. 32 4771463N Duehr 2004 Moreau Thunder Butte 269361E T15N R18E Creek 5018930N Sec. 5 Iowa darter Duehr 2004 Cheyenne Sulpher Creek 685306E T10N R12E Etheostoma exile 4968045N Sec 10 Johnny darter Etheostoma Duehr 2004 Moreau Moreau River 360637E T15N R27E nigrum 5015925N Sec. 11 American Crow 466945E T104 R73W 4850456N Sec 14 Harland 2003 Missouri T103N R73W Sec. 36 Bull Creek 459801E 4836631N White 420970E T96N R77E Yellow perch Harland and Keya Paha 4771463N Sec. 32 Perca flavescens Berry 2004 Willow Creek 409874E T96N R78E Sand Creek 4774390N Sec. 19 Walleye 419882E T103N R77E Sander vitreum Harland 2003 White Dog Ear Creek 4836084N Sec. 36 Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, Vol. 85 (2006) 251 watersheds within the James, Big Sioux, and Niobrara river basins (Figure 2, Bai- ley and Alum 1962, Hesse et al. 1979, Smith et al. 2002) and typically inhabits semi-turbid water in strong current over sand a gravel substrates (Harlan et al. 1987). Harland and Berry (2004) suggested that this collection was the result of silver chub using the Keya Paha for spawning activities. It is not a species of concern in South Dakota or surrounding states and this new record represents a notable range extension. Notropis topeka (Gilbert) – Topeka shiner The Topeka shiner was recorded to occur in 24 streams before 1999 (Blausey 2001) and collections since 1999 have recorded its presence in 21 additional streams located throughout the Vermillion, James, and Big Sioux river drainages (Wall et al. 2004). The Topeka shiner is native to Big Sioux, Vermillion and James rivers in eastern South Dakota (Bailey and Allum 1962). These new local records may be the result of the Topeka shiner being listed as endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Tabor 1998), which prompted surveys of many tributaries within their historical range (Blausey 2001, Wall et al. 2004). The To- peka shiner is considered a species of concern in South Dakota and threatened in Iowa; however, recent collections in Minnesota and South Dakota (Hatch 2001, Wall et al. 2004) at both historic and new locations suggest it is more persistent in the northern part of its range in Minnesota and South Dakota than the south- ern part of its range in Kansas (Wall and Berry 2004). Phoxinus eos (Cope) – northern redbelly dace Thirteen northern red- belly dace were collected in June 2003 by pulsed-DC elec- trofishing (Table 1, Figure 3) in the Grand River drainage (Morey and Berry 2004). The sample reach consisted of a single, unconstrained channel that transected open prairie, with pools consisting mostly of silt substrate, filamentous algae, and rooted macro- phytes. The stream gradient was low (0.1%) and there was no apparent surface flow at Figure 3. Northern redbelly dace, Phoxinus eos, point the time of sampling. Mean distributions, native range, and range extensions into the Grand River drainage. wetted width was 1.33 m and mean depth was 23 cm. Water quality conditions consisted of water temperature (16.6° C), dissolved oxygen (14.6 mg/L), conductivity (748 µmhos.cm), and pH (7.69). Habitat conditions were similar to those reported for this species by others (Brown 1971, Eddy and Underhill 1976, Becker 1983, Bestgen 1989).